• 沒有找到結果。

5.1 Discussion

Logistics is termed as one of the most important factor for country’s competitiveness factors and the LPI is represented as the quality of logistics in a country.

Analysis have shown that the social, economic, and infrastructure factor are related to a country’s logistics performance and the indicator from each factors can be used to measure the LPI components. The indicators from social and government factors are control of corruption and number of documents to export. As for the economic aspect, the indicators are GDP per capita, cost to export, time to export, and transport service export value and the infrastructure indicators are road fatalities, internet user/100 people, fixed broadband internet subscriber, air transport freight, and quality of port. These indicator are used to predict a country’s logistics performance.

LPI measures countries logistics quality thereby it is necessary to discuss about the role of government to improve logistics performance. From the result of SUR model it can be seen that some of the indicators are the areas where the government has the authority to make improvements whether it is direct or indirect. For infrastructure factors road fatalities and quality of port are the indicators where government has direct authority to do improvement while for telecommunication infrastructure indicators and air transport freight government can encourage the improvement trough their state-owned companies that engaged in that area. In social and government aspect custom clearance time, control of corruption, time to export, and number of unemployment. Lastly in economic aspect the indicator that include in government authority is document to export and cost to export, for the second indicator government has indirect role to improve it. Since the infrastructure and economic indicators appear to be the most significant to countries logistics performance thus the improvement in these area is recommended to boost the logistics quality.

Indonesia did some effort to improve some of these indicators, from enact the blue print of national logistics development as stated in SISLOGNAS and also in the master plan to accelerate economy in Indonesia (MP3EI). One of the improvement is to reduce their time to export, Indonesia in 2011, try to reduce dwell time on Tanjung Priok’s port which is the busiest port in Indonesia where almost 70% of export-import activity happen, by raised storage fees (to discourage shippers from leaving containers for long periods) and

introduced a new information technology system (to better monitor and direct port traffic).

Beside that they also scheduled expansion of the port is expected to double its container capacity by 2017.

5.2 Conclusion

From LPI measurement framework, LPI component were map into two main categories namely the input and the outcome. The input components are LPI customs, infrastructure, and logistics competence where the quality of port, air transport freight and GDP per capita. Cost and time to export appears to be critical indicators for input category affecting at least two LPI components. On the other hand LPI outcome categories such as international shipment, timeliness, tracking and tracing the critical indicators affecting these categories are internet users, time to export, and transport service export value. From the results above it can be conclude that infrastructure and economic factors play an important role to a country logistics performance because the indicator from these factors were significantly affecting logistics performance.

Table 7 Summary of countries logistics performance factors Indicators Key factor of logistics development

China Malaysia India Indonesia

Economic Economic

Indonesia compared to other neighboring competitor countries is still behind in terms of LPI score and critical factors affecting it. Take for instance the case of China

whose logistic performance is way ahead of Indonesia as indicators of logistic performance which were verified have shown that China outperform Indonesia in every aspect. Another reason why China beats Indonesia in logistic performance is due to the economic booming and massive infrastructural development China. Similar condition also happens when compared to Malaysia. One of its key elements of logistics performance is a well-developed infrastructure with efficient import-export process which enhances the provision of a cheaper and faster logistics service as shown by time and cost export indicators. In comparison with India too was conducted which India’s performance is slightly better but they are equal in terms of indicators and India is only better off in the area of Infrastructure and economic factors while Indonesia has an edge on Customs and Procedures. The closest competitor to Indonesia appears to be India as they are probably in the same phase of logistics development.

For future study, the relation between LPI components in term of LPI measurement framework that adopted in this research might be evaluate by using another multivariate approach and another analysis using different scenarios to determine the effect of each indicators might be done to making it more convincing for the government to take any policy decision that should be applied that will make logistics performance significantly better than the current state.

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