6. Outcomes from Participation
6.5 Friends
Friends were influential among the juveniles. Many of them participated in deviant leisure because of friends. However, they stated that friends were what influenced them and lulled them to the participation. Friends were also one of the benefits they received from their participation. They earned respect, support, and learnt how to back each other up through participating deviant leisure activities with their friends.
E1 said he earned his friendship from others and status among their friends from participating in deviant activities. When the friends knew that you were loyal enough and they would help you in the same way when you needed help.
影響就是會有朋友阿…我就是去。阿就是互相就對了。就是下次換你的時候，
別人也才會挺你。人家就會覺得你夠義氣。在團體中才會有那的地位在。(E1) F1 stated that the benefit he received from deviant activities was to learn how to work with other people. However, he said that his friends influenced him most when participating in the deviant activity such as drinking. If his friends did not drink or did not ask him to drink, then he would not drink as much.
做這一些事情…益處喔，就可以懂得怎麽和別人一起工作吧。像喝酒，就可 以認識很多人阿。如果他們(朋友)不喝，我就不會那麼愛喝了吧。都是他們 影響我的啦 (F1)
G1 also said that he had friendship and support from their friends by joining the Ba Chia Chiang troupe and his friend respected, supported him and backed him up. He often felt lonely and scared when he had no company. Therefore, he thought that friends were one of the great influences and benefits he received from participating deviant leisure.
做這一些事情喔，有什麼影響喔…就可以得到友情，還有支持。還有義…義 氣的義。朋友就會支持阿，尊重，相挺。然後也可以賺錢。就這樣。我假 如沒有人陪伴的話，就會覺得很可怕。(G1)
K1 mentioned that brotherhood was what influenced him to join gang fight.
影響最多，應該是朋友的關係吧。就是說稱兄道弟阿。朋友阿。打架阿。
看可以看誰ㄌㄠˋ比較多人嘛。(K1)
From the descriptions above, it showed that friendship and support of their friends were really important for juveniles. These friends mean friendship as a reward from their participation. They participated in deviant activities such as the Ba Chia Chiang troupe, drinking or gang fights to win respect, support and brotherhood from their friends. It became not only a reason for them to participate in deviant activities, but also to influence them to continue participating in the same activities again and again.
6.6 Personal affections
The juveniles pointed out that by joining deviant activities they were influenced on their emotions and affections. Some described there was happiness involved and they were able to receive excitement from activities.
C1 said that actually participating deviant leisure activities did not cause any difference and influence in his life. If there was any, it would be happiness. He felt happier while participating in these activities.
其實都沒有影響阿，如果有的話就開心吧。自己比較快樂。在學校的話，(C1) It was just for pure happiness, as simple as that, “I enjoyed the quietness before the fighting started. It was exciting,” said E1.
其是就是爽阿。就這樣。很簡單。我爽!有時候只是為了充場面。有時候人 太多還會打錯，亂打一通還會打到自己人。就只是很刺激。享受那種開戰 前的平靜。(E1)
J1 also described fighting was exciting and it influenced him the most and K1 also said that deviant activities did not influence him that much. However, he found it exciting when he steals things.
對我最多影響應該是打架吧。很刺激。就打別人，就我們一群去打別人，
阿別人也是一群。阿也給我們打，我們就打。打到一半，他們的人就打電 話，叫人。他們後面就很多人開車阿。拿西瓜刀那些的。阿就追阿，那我 們就跑。(J1)
其實沒有什麼影響，除了錢之外，我只是覺得偷東西很刺激而已。(K1) To sum up, in this case, deviant leisure played a role as a stimulator that triggered their emotion and personal affection. From their descriptions they became happier and the excitement they felt that urged them to participate in the same activities again. This effect was very similar to what general leisure activities provided for the general public.
The only difference was the leisure they were involved in was harmful to themselves or others around them and some activities such as robbery might even cause the disorder of society.
In conclusion of this chapter, the author found out that the benefits or outcomes of leisure activities influenced juveniles’ physical fitness. Many of the juveniles’ physical state deteriorated after getting involved in certain deviant leisure activities, such as drinking or drug using. The deviant leisure also influenced and affected juveniles’ daily living. Some of the juveniles were living in an irregular living pattern. The third factor
was money. As juveniles described, money was the most important influential factor from their participation in deviant leisure activities. Friends were also a significant factor. Juveniles earned friendship and support from their friends by participating in deviant activities. The last feedback was personal affections. The juveniles received positive emotions and affections such as happiness and excitement from their friends by joining these activities. The author also found out that many of the feedbacks they received from their involvement in deviant leisure were similar to the reasons of the participation. This issue will be compared and discussed in the following chapter.
Figure 12: Outcomes from participation deviant leisure activities
Outcomes from participation
Physical effect
Daily living
Money
Friends Personal
affection
Fear
Chapter 7
WHAT CAME FIRST，THE CHICKEN OR THE EGGS?
From the analysis in chapter 5 and 6, the author concluded the data are put into three possible patterns, which indicated the connection and relationship between juveniles’
participation in deviant leisure activities and the outcomes they received from the activities. What does deviant leisure activities really mean to these juveniles? Did these juveniles have deviant behavior therefore they choose to participate in deviant activities?
Or did the deviant behavior take shape after they participated in deviant activities? What actually came first? The chicken or the egg? This chapter will discuss and compare the relationship between the juveniles’ reasons of participation and the outcomes they received from the leisure activities and to show the connection between different reasons of participation and the outcomes from the participation as well as how the outcomes influenced the participation and other leisure involvement. The author also found that most of the juveniles’ participation in deviant leisure could be explained and fitted into one of these patterns.
7.1 The relationship and connection between reasons of participation and the outcomes from deviant leisure activities.
The first pattern, which figure 13 showed that the reasons for juveniles to participate in deviant activities, was very similar to the outcomes and benefits they received from the activities.
For example, many juveniles mentioned that money was one of the reasons they participated in deviant leisure activities. However, they also described that the outcomes and benefits they received from some of the deviant leisure activities was money. The details of this circumstance are compared and showed in the table 3, 4 and 5.
Figure 13. The relationship and connection between reasons of participation and the outcomes from deviant leisure activities (pattern 1)
Reasons of
Element Reasons of participation Outcomes from participation
Money
Table 3. Manuscripts of the relationship between reasons of participation and outcomes from participation (element: money )
Table 3 showed that money was one of the reasons that juveniles participated in deviant leisure activities. On the other hand, it showed that money was also the benefits and outcome that they received from their participation. Juveniles such as J1 stated the reason they went to the Ba Chia Chiang troupe or go stealing was because they did not have money. However, they described later that that money was the benefits that they earned and it encouraged them to be involved in deviant activities.
Table 4 showed the friends were the reasons of juveniles’ participation in deviant leisure activities. However, the manuscripts showed that friends were also the outcome of their participation. Juveniles such as G1 described that friends were why he participated in gang fights, and he followed to say that friendship and supports were what he received from deviant leisure activities.
偷東西是為了錢阿，因為要去網咖，因
element Reasons of participation Outcomes from participation
那時候當然會，就是都是在一起久了嘛，就自然
Table 4. Manuscripts of the relationship between reasons of participation and outcomes from participation (element: friends)
The juveniles such as K1 said that the reason of his happiness and excitement was from being chased by the police. However, he also stated that he participated in robbery was because money and for its excitement.
Friends
Element Reasons of participation Outcomes from participation
Table 5. Manuscripts of the relationship between reasons of participation and outcomes from participation (element: excitement and happiness)
The result from pattern 1 showed that the reasons of participation and the outcomes or benefits that the juveniles received from the deviant activities were very similar.
Elements such as money, friends, excitement and happiness were found in the motivations of participation and outcomes from participation.
The author found that most of the juveniles’ motivations of participation were very similar to the outcomes or the benefits they received from the deviant activities.(pattern 1) However, the second pattern differs from the first pattern, which was that the outcomes and the benefits juveniles received actually later became their motivation of participation. These outcomes became possible influences that triggered the juveniles to participate in the same deviant leisure activities again. For example, F1 was a heavy drinker, who participated in drinking because of his family and his culture background.
However, he said that friends were what influenced him to participate in drinking.
Another example such as A1 and J1 participated in the Ba Chia Chiang troupe because of their friends.
那個是跳八家將，在一個會館那邊。那個是網友帶我去的，我從國一升到 現在我都沒有一個朋友。在會館那邊就有一些朋友，他們對我很好。所以 你會比較喜歡去會館那邊。那廟會有要幫忙就會叫我去。就像那個第一次 叫我偷車的，也是會館那邊的朋友。(A1)
那時候去跳八家將是為了賺錢，還有朋友。就是可以跟朋友一起阿。如果 我沒有進來的話，應該還是會繼續在那邊吧。因為那些朋友就很像兄弟，
都很挺我。他有事我就幫他，我有事他就幫我。就互相阿。(J1)
However, they both described that money was the benefits they received from the activities, and it also mixed with the first motivation and became another reasons for them to participate in the Ba Chia Chiang troupe.
做這一些事有什麽好處嗎? 沒有阿。也不是因為朋友，我比較喜歡網友，
不喜歡那邊的朋友。去跳八家將的益處喔…就因為有錢賺阿。(A1)
在進來之前，會館，朋友，跟跳八家將應該算是生活的重心吧。去跳八家 將有什麽影響喔…阿就...可以賺錢阿。算是賺錢的方法啦。因為家裡也沒有 錢。不然我年紀那麽小，也沒有其他地方可以去賺錢阿。(J1)
Other examples can be made. This finding coexisting with the assumption that the author made in the constructional framework in chapter 3 Figure 9 explained the second pattern of the relationship between the juveniles’ reasons of participation. This showed that the outcomes and benefits from their participation could possibly become the new motivations for juveniles to participate in deviant leisure activities.
Figure 14. The relationship and connection between reasons of participation and the outcomes from deviant leisure activities (pattern 2)
The third pattern combined the first and the second pattern together and developed a chain reaction, which presented in figure 15, showed the connection and relationship between the reasons of participation and the outcomes from deviant leisure activities of pattern 3.
Reasons of participation
• participation of their family
• friends
• excitment
Deviant leisure
• using drug
• drinking
• smoking
• ba-chia chan troupe
• gang fight
• going to internet cafe
• robbery
Outcomes from deviant
leisure
• money
• friends
• excitment
Figure 15. The relationship and connection between reasons of participation and the outcomes from deviant leisure activities. (pattern 3)
The first three steps in this pattern were the same as pattern 2. The outcomes or benefits that the juveniles received from deviant leisure 1, however, became the reason of participation in another deviant leisure activity. For example, as for C1, his friends were the reasons why he participated in using drug and robbery.
吸毒是我一個朋友叫我吸的。我怕我姐夫聽到的話會罵我。而且其實我來之 前，我還有一個同行，和我一起犯案進去的。每條案子都是一起。認識他的 時候他應該算是我最好的一個哥哥，有一次，是一次竊盜案進去的時候，是 他女朋友叫我去偷的。我們本來說不要，他女朋友就叫我們去，我們盧了一 個小時才去。(C1)
The outcome he received from it was money.
媽媽沒有錢，所以我不會花他的。就是工作，我之前有做美髮的。阿因為那 時候經濟不足，就去偷錢，拿菸阿。拿吃的。因為我這個人，以前就有常看 朋友都東西。然後我就把訣竅都學起來了。其實我幾乎偷東西很少被抓到，
Reasons of particiaption
Deviant leisure activity 1
Outcomes from deviant leisure 1
Deviant leisure activitiy 2
Outcomes from deviant
leisure 2
我挖過很多車子。挖車子，你只要給我一個螺絲起子吧。那是很簡單的事阿。
偷東西，就是因為缺錢阿，大家都缺錢，所以去挖車。挖車之後寄拿去賣，
把車牌拿掉，換別的。做這些事情，還不是都因為沒有錢。(C1)
Therefore, he did stealing (deviant leisure 2) so he would have enough money (outcome 2) to participate in the first deviant activity again.
因為那時候經濟不足阿，就去偷錢，拿菸阿，拿吃的。去做去偷的原因阿就 是那時候沒有錢阿。我朋友缺錢，大家都是。(C1)
H1 was another example. He said that money was the main reason that he participated in stealing, and he used the money he stole to buy drugs or cigarettes (deviant leisure 2).
會和朋友去偷東西是因為大家都是差不多命運的人阿，都住外面，都翹家，
假如有偷到錢就有一餐，沒有偷到錢就什麼都沒有了。(H1)
The benefit he received from participated in deviant leisure 2 was he would need more money.
最喜歡的事情，我覺得偷東西阿，或是吸毒，或是和朋友在一起，得到的益 處就是…最重要的應該就是錢吧。(H1)
Therefore, he would have to go back to deviant leisure to steal more money.
The last example would be K1. The reason for him to participate in activities such as going to the internet café was that he did not like this family and wanted to run away from his family.
因為是住姑姑家，姑姑管得很嚴。哥哥也管得很嚴。他們都不知道我做這一 些事情阿，我回去的時候幾乎都是有先去我同學家洗過澡，隔天再回去。所
因為是住姑姑家，姑姑管得很嚴。哥哥也管得很嚴。他們都不知道我做這一 些事情阿，我回去的時候幾乎都是有先去我同學家洗過澡，隔天再回去。所