Smoking

Smoking is a popular activity among this group of the youth. 7 out of 12 youths had experience of smoking, and some started at a very early age. Most of them learnt how to smoke from their peers of family.

A1 said that he learnt how to smoke from his cousin who was in the same class with him, and that was when he started become ‘bad’.

最早是，國二吧快升國三就被..算表哥吧。就是跟我同班，就是學他然後變 壞的。(A1)

B1 said that during 2^nd year in junior high school is when he took smoking as a daily habit rather than just a leisure activity, and most of his family smoked.

國二吧! 之前就有偷抽過了。阿我全家人幾乎都會抽菸阿。(B1)

C1 and J1 both started smoking in elementary school. C1 started because he was curious and both of them learnt how to smoke from their friends. J1 said that his mom did not agree that he smoked at first, but gave him the approval to smoke after awhile.

抽菸是我國小三年級就會抽了。國小三年級是我看我朋友在那邊抽。我好 奇，那時候就問說怎麽抽。他們說不能講。然後就有一個人跑過來教我，

我學一天就學會了。應該說還不到一個小時就學會了。我就在那邊開始學 抽。然後一天比一天多，本來從國小到六年級的一包，到國中的時候一天 兩包。(C1)

就認識一個朋友，他才一年級就學會了。嘿。然後我就一年級就抽一次，

然後就到二年級。到二年級都沒抽，二年級升三年級又交到一些朋友，又 跟他們學。就是學抽菸。媽媽剛開始都是在反對，後來就給我菸牌。(J1) E1 described that smoking was one of the deviant thing that he did. However, he did not like to buy cigarettes because he thought that would be a waste of money.

比較偏差的事喔？就大家都抽菸阿。抽還稍微可以啦。抽菸還會。可是我 從來不去買，我覺得很浪費錢。(E1)

H1 said that he spent most of the money he had stolen in the internet café on cigarettes and alcohol.

我們那個時候偷來的錢就都打網咖，吃東西，買菸，買酒。(H1) K1 also stated that he learnt how to smoke and drink before diversion, he also admitted that what he did was ‘bad’.

然後之前還有學會抽菸，喝酒。就學壞阿..比較不好的事就這樣。 (K1) For many of the juveniles in this group, smoking is not only an activity, but a daily habit.

For B1, when the interviewer mentioned if there was an activity that they would like to do during their time in diversion and he replied ‘smoking competition’. He followed and stated that smoking is something that he has to do every day and cannot quit or live without.

Interviewer:那你覺得現在你在這邊嘛，你也不能出去，你也只能在裡面。那 如果說好，亞當這邊可以安排你們做一些活動，不能出去喔，還是在裡面 喔，你覺得你會希望增加什麽活動？讓你在裡面做？

B1:抽菸大賽!

要把菸算進去嗎，那是每天的阿。呵呵。那沒辦法戒掉了。(B1)

As for C1, when the interviewer asked if there was any deviant activity that he would like to continue doing after he left diversion. He answered that he would not continue any of the deviant activity that he had done before apart from smoking.

Interviewer:都沒有？或是你會想要繼續做的？

C1:除了抽菸吧。其他都沒有。(C1)

In summary, although this group of juveniles often participated in what we call

‘deviant leisure’, most of them still have the idea of leisure equals positive activities and most of them would not relate leisure to the activities they participated in.

Going to internet café, gang fight, alcohol abuse, robbery, drug abuse, temple fair and Ba Chia Chiang troupe and smoking were what this group of juveniles identified as deviant activities and what they had participated before diversion. Apart from the activities mentioned above, there were other deviant activities that this group of juveniles had participated in such as bullying others, chewing betel nuts or riding motorbike racing without a license. These juveniles might come into diversion for a series of different reasons. However, within this group of juveniles, they shared very similar leisure behavior and experiences and the so called deviant leisure activities. But these activities were not only an important element as well as a form of identity among the at-risk youth subculture.

Chapter 5

REASONS OF PARTICIPATION The main part of this chapter will be discussing the factors and reasons that influence juveniles on their participation in deviant leisure and also what caused juveniles to participate in these activities. Later in this chapter will be followed by how these deviant leisure activities affected and influenced those juveniles’ lives.

According from chapter two, the main factors that influenced juveniles’

participation in deviant activities were school environment, boredom, family factor, peers/friends and lack of leisure opportunity. There are several factors that influenced this group of juveniles in terms of their participation in their leisure involvement. The possible reasons of participation that the author found out were the family origins of the juveniles, school education, friends and peers, personal motivation and money. However, after the interviews and a series of analyses, the author found that family was still the main factor that influenced juveniles in their leisure participation. The manuscripts are based on both of the juveniles and the teacher. For some of the juveniles they did not feel comfortable or did not like to talk about family. Therefore, the description from the teachers was also used as a source during the analyzed process.

5.1Family factors

5.1.1 Dysfunctional family

There have been recent changes in family structures including increasing rates of divorce, single-parenthood, and the establishment of blended families (Robertson, 1999).

Researchers such as Doherty and Needle (1991) found that children from disrupted families generally do become involved in delinquent activity more often than those who come from stable family structures. According to the statistics from the judicial yuan (2011), 85% of the juveniles or youth offenders were from single parents families or parents either divorced, not living together, re-married. Among this group of juveniles, all of them were from different kinds of dysfunctional family. Most of them were from

single parent family. Their parents either divorced or passed away and some of them were staying with their relatives or grandparents. From the manuscripts it showed that the main care giver did not show enough care or pay too much attention on the juveniles and most of the care giver did not care what kind of activities they participated in.

Robertson (1999) followed and stated that the nature of the relationship between a parent(s) and a child is the key factor in relieving stress and anxiety, and ensuring that adolescents lead a stable and acceptable lifestyle. Streit (1981) also found that adolescents' perceptions of lack of love, lack of parental control, and parental hostility were positive predictors of delinquency. However, these juveniles did not have an environment to provide them with an acceptable lifestyle or family to support or monitor their leisure choices, or to give them positive values and beliefs. Therefore, they turned to their peers and friends and started their participation in deviant leisure activities.

A1’s parents were divorced when he was young and he also lost contact with both his sister and brother. He stayed with his uncle for awhile but he did not like it.

Therefore, he ran away from his uncle’s place and none of his relative or family knows that he is in diversion at the moment. The teacher also stated that A1 was kicked out from his uncle’s place because he did not obey his uncle.

去年。所以是媽媽過世之後家裡已經沒有人了。平常我們是住在中正國中 對面。我哥哥姐姐也都不在那邊，在旗山哥哥和我分開走路。就是分開。

我聽說哥哥在小港那邊。阿姐姐在旗山。那在媽媽過世之前。我國中畢業 了。就一直都在安泰醫院那裡，一直照顧媽媽，一直照顧媽媽。之後住舅 舅家，但是我不喜歡。像現在，我沒有家人，也沒有人知道我在亞當。哥 哥姐姐也不知道，就都已經沒有再聯絡了。我也不知道我爸爸在哪裡。爸 爸就跟媽媽離婚，媽媽就帶著我們就離開旗山了。 (A1)

A1 他是今天五月才剛來的，他爸媽在他小的時候就協議離婚了。他還有一 個哥哥。哥哥現在也失聯。然後那時候，媽媽好像是在去年的時候過世。

之後 A1 就，因為之前是和媽媽和哥哥一起生活。媽媽過世後，哥哥也開始 離開家。那也是因為他和哥哥也都是不聽舅舅的話。舅舅很生氣，就把他

們趕出家門。舅舅就覺得媽媽都已經過世了，你們怎麽還那麽不會想都不 乖作怪。後來就把他趕出去。 (老師)

B1 was also from a single parent family. He did not have a father. His mother tried to stop him from smoking and he hit his mother, and his mother called the police.

Therefore, B1 was very angry with his mother. The teacher described B1 was on medication to control his emotion and that was the reason he hit his mother. However, he regretted his action after it, even though he was still angry that his mother called the police.

我被關進來的原因就是因為一包香菸阿，我媽不讓我抽，打我媽媽阿。管 理員看到就報警了。我也沒爸爸，可是只是抽菸幹麽要報警，我就很生氣。

(B1)

其實在他家庭記錄裡面有寫說他在國二的時候有患強迫症。然後那個時候 有吃藥治療。之後情緒控制不穩，所以才打媽媽。打媽媽的原因是因為，

媽媽和他說，如果你在抽菸的話，我就要打電話報警叫警察來抓你。情緒 一起來，就打媽媽。打到住醫院這樣子。媽媽只是不希望他抽菸，他只是 很生氣媽媽說要報警。應該是說媽媽很寵他，所以當媽媽管他的時候，他 就反擊。他後悔嗎？他後悔阿。可是他又會覺得說，那誰叫媽媽要報警。

他沒有爸爸，只有媽媽。他被送到這裡應該是社會局安置。 (老師)

C1 described that he witnessed his mother had an affair with a man while he passed by and he did not want to talk about his family after that. The teacher added that his mother has breast cancer and is now under treatment and he came into diversion via social service.

就是我爸還在的時候，我媽跟那個男生在一起，我爸就不爽。之後我爸就 去世了阿。結果後面，我媽把他趕走了。(C1)

他是社會局安置的，當然他也有竊盜的這個部分。他爸爸在他國中的時候 就因病過世了。媽媽本來有一個不錯的工作，後來罹患乳癌。所以後來精 神上沒有那麼 OK。媽媽現在是在安養中心療養中。C1 他對他爸爸的過世 很不諒解他媽媽。爸爸是因為跌倒過世的。他那個時候都把這個罪怪在媽 媽身上。是因為後來爸爸也過世一段時間了，然後他也知道他錯怪媽媽了。

他也覺得雖然爸爸過世了，可是他現在擁有媽媽就好了。(老師)

D1 did not want to talk or describe his family. He only mentioned his mother a few times during the interview. The teacher said that his mother was working in Japan and he used to live with his father.

他從小就跟他爸爸住，他媽媽在日本工作，前一陣子才到日本去。(老師) F1 only mentioned his family when he talked about drinking. The teacher described that his mother was not working and also drinking every day. Although drinking was part of his aborigine culture. However, his family was one of the reasons why the judge requested F1’s stay in diversion.

他媽媽每天都在喝酒，他的個性很火爆。爸爸之後去世，媽媽也沒有在工 作。也是整天只喝酒。所以他都會問，要怎麽樣才能回家。他們(保護官) 就和她說媽媽不喝酒，他就可以回去了。但是，這是他們的文化啦。(老師) I1 was from a very complicated family as the teacher described. He did not have a very good relationship with his biological father. However, he got along with his step father, who also sees him as his own child. He also had a lot step brothers and sisters.

然後他進來，因為他的背景，他~~家庭還滿亂的。他的媽媽和他媽媽的第 一任丈夫生了兩個姊姊，然後 I1 是媽媽和第二個丈夫生的。然後，他還有 一個弟弟是媽媽跟第三個爸爸生的。然後他跟他自己的爸爸其實關係不好，

因為他會覺得他爸爸很花，他會討厭他爸爸。可是他跟媽媽的這個第三個 丈夫，他跟這個爸爸的感情就很好，他也把他當作他自己的爸爸，也都叫 他爸爸。所以他媽媽是第二個離婚之後又和第三個在一起。然後這一些兄 弟姊妹全部都是跟媽媽的。所以他的家庭背景其實還滿複雜的。(老師) J1 descried that he has a little sister, who is staying with his mother at the moment.

However, his father passed away when he was young. The teacher added that his mother was also drinking every day. That is one of the reasons that J1 cannot go back to his family because his mother has no money. If he goes back now and he will go back to his

old friends. He did not like to study or go to school and there was not enough teaching in his family.

我妹妹喔，現在應該才大班吧。那媽媽就是在枋寮那邊。爸爸的話...(比死 翹翹手示)。小時候就…(比死翹翹手勢)。(J1)

J1 他爸爸也是過世了。主要是和媽媽在一起生活。他有個妹妹，還滿可愛的。

那因為媽媽每天都喝酒，吃檳榔。他是排灣族。其實他來到這裡也是竊盜的

那因為媽媽每天都喝酒，吃檳榔。他是排灣族。其實他來到這裡也是竊盜的