CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
5.3 Future Research Directions
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listening practice, maybe this step could be replaced by clicking on the “play” button directly.
5.2.2 Broadly Applying the VALRM as A Listening Comprehension Assisted
Tool
Based on the statistical results and the semi-structured interview, learners using
the VALRM had better listening performance and generated positive attitude toward using the review mechanism. These results indicated that the VALRM had high potential in assisting listening learning and could be generally accepted by teachers and learners for it easiness, convenience and effectiveness. On the contrary, the traditional listening learning websites, such as Youtube, were embedded with too many advertisements which may distract learners’ attention or increase their cognitive load. Thus, the VALRM can be broadly applied as a listening comprehension assisted tool to improve English listening comprehension.
In addition, due to the individuality of the VALRM, it can apply not only to the
instruction in class but also to the self-study. Learners with different abilities can select the reviewing way they need and prefer.
5.3 Future Research Directions
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Although the study confirmed the VALRM provided effective support for listening comprehension learning, further studies that consider different factors that may influence research outcomes are needed. Several future research directions are addressed as follows
5.3.1 Evaluating the Effects of Using the VALRM with Long-Term and Larger
Sample Size on Listening Comprehension
Restricted by practical concerns on experimental time and cost, experimental
treatments of the present study only lasted for four weeks. However, long-term
experimental treatments may generate deeper and more convincing influences on learners’ listening learning performance and on their perceptions toward using the
VALRM. Thus, future study should evaluate long-term effects of using the VALRM on learners’ listening comprehension and attitudes. Moreover, since there were only
thirty-nine eighth graders recruited in the study, the effects of learners using the VALRM on listening comprehension may not be fully comprehensive. Therefore, future study with a large sample size should be considered.
5.3.2 Examining What Types of Learners Can Benefit the Most from the
Proposed VALRM
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In this study, analytical results show that the VALRM was more effective for
higher proficiency learners than for the lower achievers. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in learners’ English listening comprehension with different learning styles between and within both groups. However, it is essential to understand that in addition to highly advanced learners, what types of learners can benefit the most from the proposed VALRM for English listening learning. For example, further study could take beginners and advanced learners into account.
5.3.3 Analyzing Learners’ English Learning Process
The results of the study merely examine the outcome of learners’ listening comprehension performance; however, how learners made use of the VALRM has still
not been studied. By recording and analyzing learners’ learning processes, different learners’ learning preferences and strategies can be explored clearly; thereby can
provide useful knowledge to modify the system functions or develop new ones according to learners’ learning behavior. Hence, further study could take learners’
learning processes into account.
5.3.4 Examining the Effects of Using the VALRM on Listening Comprehension
Performance for Learners with Different Ages
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The study randomly enrolled thirty-nine eighth graders from two classes of Taipei Municipal Dunhua Junior High School to conduct the instruction experiment;
thereby, focused merely on a specific age group. Hence, future study should confirm whether research subjects with at different ages have different listening comprehension performance.
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Appendix A. Listening Comprehension Test
Listening Comprehension Test 1
1. Why do most people fail to improve their English?
(A) Their ways are not convenient.
(B) Their ways are slow.
(C) Their ways are difficult.
2. Why does the speaker know most people fail to improve their English?
(A) He had the same experience before. speaker 演說者 (B) He taught English before.
(C) His friend told him before.
3. What is the inconvenient way to improve English in this video? improve 改善 (A) Watch the same movie twice without subtitles. subtitle 字幕 (B) Watch the same movie twice without subtitles first and then with subtitles.
(C) Watch the same movie twice with subtitles first and then without subtitles.
4. What is the inconvenient way to improve English in this video?
(A) Listen and written down the sentences.
(B) Listen and read the sentences loud.
(C) Listen and practice the sentences with other people.
5. Which one is wrong to improve English in this video?
(A) Step 1: Download listening materials to your phone.
(B) Step 2: Listen to the materials. material 材料 (C) Step 3: Practice it often with your friends.
6. What is not a good listening material in this video?
(A) An everyday conversation. conversation 會話 (B) A real life conversation.
(C) An interesting conversation.
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7. When should people listen to the listening materials?
(A) When they have free time.
(B) When they are doing something not important.
(C) After they review the materials.
8. Which is correct?
(A) It is a good way to learn English by watching movies.
(B) It is a good way to improve your English when you are exercising.
(C) It is a good way to improve your English by listening to English songs.
9. What can we learn from the video?
(A) Learning English by watching action movies is a good choice.
(B) Learning English takes a lot of time. take 花費 (C) Try to learn English in your free time.
10. What does the speaker want people to do at the end of the video?
(A) Share this video with other people.
(B) Watch the video again.
(C) Pay for more videos.
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3. According to the video, whose experience can also be a good example for English learners?
(A) Sally. She goes swimming every morning to practice her skills.
(B) Lisa. She has a talent for playing tennis and won many prizes.
(C) Ben. He teaches English in a junior high school.
4. According to the video, which is true?
(A) You may look stupid when you start to learn something.
(B) You may need people’s help when you start learning.
(C) You should not make mistakes when you learn something new.
5. What is the difference between successful people and unsuccessful people?
difference 差別 unsuccessful 不成功的 (A) Successful people always think twice.
(B) Successful people are smarter and practice a lot.
(C) Unsuccessful people often give up.
6. What is the suggestion in the video? suggestion 建議 (A) Try to think in English.
(B) Try to practice English with your friends.
(C) Try to talk about something in English.
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7. According to the video, which is wrong?
(A) You can talk about anything in English.
(B) When you practice English, the content is very important. content 內容 (C) Most people are not doing well in the beginning when they learn English.
8. What does “action” mean in this video?
(A) Never give up.
(B) Keep practicing.
(C) Ask someone for help.
9. What can we learn from this video?
(A) Many players practice a lot to improve their skills.
(B) Many people are good at speaking English in the beginning by practicing.
(C) Many people try to practice a little bit every day and become successful one day.
10. What does the speaker want people to do at the end of the video?
(A) Get free videos by visiting the website. website 網站 (B) Watch the video again and practice speaking English now..
(C) Share this video with your friends.
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(B) The ways to speak English slowly and beautifully.
(C) The ways to speak English well in two weeks.
2. What may happen when you speak too fast?
(A) You may get nervous.
(B) You may make mistakes.
(C) You may forget the meaning of the sentence.
3. What may happen if the listening exercise is too fast?
(A) You may miss some words.
(B) You may feel bored.
(C) You may improve your English.
4. What is the way to improve English speaking in this video?
(A) Talk with foreigners.
(B) Watch English movies often.
(C) Repeat the sentence you hear.
5. What should you do when you repeat a very long sentence?
(A) Wait until the speaker finishes the whole sentence.
(B) Separate the sentence into several parts. separate…into…分成 (C) Try to guess the meaning and do not pause it. pause 暫停
6. What is not the advantage when you practicing speaking English by repeating the sentence? advantage 好處 (A) You can speak English more clearly.
(B) Some of your muscles are strengthened. muscles 肌肉 strengthen 增強 (C) You can remember things easily.
7. What is important when you are doing English speaking practice?
(A) Do it fast.
(B) Do it correctly.
(C) Do it by yourself. by yourself 獨自
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8. What should you do when you watch an English video and do the exercise?
(A) Read the subtitles first.
(B) Slow down the video.
(C) Watch the video without pausing it. pause 暫停
9. Which is not talked about in this video?
(A) The ways to improve listening.
(B) The ways to improve speaking (C) The ways to slow down a video.
10. What example does the speaker give in the video?
(A) He is afraid of speaking English before.
(B) He does not like to practice speaking English before.
(C) He does not speak English clearly before.
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(C) How to speak English without getting nervous.
2. What’s the best way to improve your pronunciation? pronunciation 發音 (A) To repeat again and again.
(B) To exaggerate the word. exaggerate 誇大 (C) To listen to the correct pronunciation again and again.
3. Why do people mispronounce some words? mispronounce 錯誤發音 (A) Because some sounds are difficult to say. sound 音
(B) Because people’s brains are not smart enough.
(C) Because people seldom use these words.
4. Which is true?
(A) Because some sounds are not easy to say, people may replace them with easier ones. replace 取代 (B) People usually mispronounce some words to save their time.
(C) People won’t mispronounce words if they pronounce them slowly.
5. How can people strengthen the muscles involved in speaking?
strengthen 加強； muscles 肌肉；involve 有關 (A) By repeating the words.
(B) By exaggerating the words.
(C) By speaking loud.
6. Why may people mispronounce some words again and again?
(A) It takes too much time to pronounce these words correctly.
(B) It happens when people learn English in the beginning.
(C) It becomes a habit to mispronounce these words.
7. What do the two memories stand for in the video?
(A) The pronunciations.
(B) The learning habits.
(C) The repetitions. repetition 重複
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8. What will happen if people mispronounce the word again when practicing?
(A) The new memory will get stronger.
(B) The old memory will get stronger.
(C) The new memory will get stronger, and the old memory will get weaker 9. What’s the problem with repetitions in the video?
(A) They cost a lot of money.
(B) They need other people’s help.
(C) They take a lot of time.
10. What does “retrieval-induced forgetting” mean in this video?
(A) Getting something easy and forgetting something difficult.
(B) Getting something new and forgetting something old.
(C) Getting something useful and forgetting something useless.
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2. Why is watching the movie twice with and without subtitles not helpful?
(A) People have little time to do it.
(B) People feel bored easily.
(C) People always choose the wrong movie.
3. Which is true about improving your English listening?
(A) Downloading many English songs to your phone or MP3 player.
(B) Listening to English materials in your free time.
(C) Practicing English listening when you are not doing something important.
4. Which is true about improving your English speaking?
(A) Try not to make mistakes in the beginning.
(B) Practice speaking English with your family.
(C) Talk about anything in English as much as you can.
5. What doses “practice slowly” mean?
(A) Slow down the speed of your writing.
(B) Slow down the speed of your repetition.
(C) Slow down the speed of your audio.
6. What can people do when they don’t understand the sentence?
(A) Listen to it again when the speaker finishes the whole sentence.
(A) Listen to it again when the speaker finishes the whole sentence.