Charpter 6: Conclusions and Future Scope
6.4 Future scope: unresolved Dilemmas and Some Directions for Further
One of the critical questions neglected in the thesis work is the contribution percentage of transcurrent motion on fault slips. Lee et al. (1999) suggested the Taipei Basin was formed as a releasing bend with the Shanchiao Fault as a sinistral fault, despite the oblique fault striation they reported in SCF-2. GPS-derived deformation field in the vicinity of the Shanchiao Fault is also characterized by both extensional and sinistral shear strain (Rau et al., 2008; Lin et al., 2010). How much the proportion of transcurrent component of strain observed during the interseismic period (GPS data) or from the branch fault (recovered in SCF-2) can be projected to the complete seismic cycle or the entire fault zone is difficult to resolve. Although fault scarp arrangement and few earthquake focal mechanisms (Lee et al., 2010; Chen et al.,2010c) also denote the presence of sinistral movement, more geologic constraints (what kind of data can be useful?) are needed for solid estimations.
Another difficulty met is the study and quantification of fault structure and fault slip rates north of the Tanshui River in the northernmost part of the Taipei Basin. The absence of the Jingmei Formation in the Guandu and Beitou (probably Shilin, too) precludes the methodology applied in the work. More radiocarbon dating results from shallow sediments in the SCF-7, 8 and 9, and neighboring boreholes may help. A more radical and time-consuming way is to correlate volcanic ash layers with known age (e.g. Chen et al., 2010c). Besides, borehole analysis for areas south of Wuku area along the fault is also needed to better constrain the Shanchiao Fault zone towards south.
The paleoseismic events noticed by Huang et al. (2007) span only from 11 ka to 8 ka, which led to doubts on the recent activity of the Shanchiao Fault and the trouble in estimating the earthquake recurrence interval. Consider the sea-level-coupled growth faulting operating in the fault zone, the borehole pairs Huang et al. studied lie in the western part of the fault zone experiencing less tectonic subsidence (none if on footwall as SCF-1) while the sea level stabilized to current level at around 6 ka without further rising (e.g. Chen and Liu, 1996); this means that sediments later than 6 ka was hard to accumulate on the footwall as room for deposition did not increase.
Syn-faulting sediments may remain between SCF-2 and WK-1 in the Wuku Profile due to stronger tectonic subsidence; drilling and correlation in the section proposed above might facilitate recognizing more recent paleo-earthquake events.
In this work the southern tip of the Shanchiao Fault is anticipated to divert west outside the basin following the trace of the Hsinchuang Thrust; such statement is still far from mature and requires more evidences for confirmation. Another more
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significant question is how the Shanchiao Fault in the Taipei Basin extends northward into the Tatun Volcanoes and the possible co-activation with the Chinshan Normal Fault farther north (Shyu et al., 2005; Huang et al., 2007). Again, multi-discipline efforts are needed to complete the mapping of the entire Shanchiao Fault.
The upper crustal structure of the Shanchiao Fault proposed in Chapter 5 is rather a bold adventure, especially on involving a second deeper ramp as reactivation of pre-orogen normal fault associated with the opening of the South China Sea. Although substantiated with modeling results, mechanical arguments, and few well-constrained seismic events, solid confirmation on the existence and geometry of the deeper ramp is not yet achieved. Besides means including cross section construction, detailed analysis of regional seismicity and modeling under more realistic settings (viscous-elastic instead of only elastic), studying the more evolved and exhumed post-collisional collapsed mountain belt northeast and east of the Taipei Basin may yield insights to the active structures and possible reactivations at the collision-subduction junction in northern Taiwan.
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