Chapter 10 Conclusions and Future Works
10.2 Future Works
We have shown that the nanostrucutred materials will play a more and more important role in improving the performance of electrochemical energy conversion such as direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) because of their high surface area, novel size effects and so on.
On one hand, nanomaterials show favorable properties such as enhanced kinetics and activity, which may lead to low-cost and/or high performance energy devices. On the other hand,
‘nano’ also has disadvantages such as low thermodynamic stability, high side reactions as well as handle problems. The remaining challenges include are highlighted below:
(1) well understanding various nano-size and shapes effects and developing new theories;
(2) investigating fine details regarding the surface features of ‘nano’;
(3) designing optimized nano/micro structures and surface modifications;
(4) searching for new synthetic routes and new material systems;
In addition, based on the study of literature through the year 2009, there are several open questions pertaining to the kinetics and mechanism of methanol oxidation in acid medium, which are listed below:
(1) What is the nature and distribution of the products – on bulk platinum, promoted platinum and technical catalyst – 50/50 Pt/Ru?
(2) Is it necessary to form a single phase alloy for the best catalytic activity or will a multiphase system or even a mixture work equally well?
(3) What species are intermediates and what is the poison?
(4) Is the oxidation of the poisoning residue brought about by H2O* or OHads? (5) What is the rate determining step – on platinum, on promoted platinum?
(6) Does the rate determining step change from poison oxidation to C-H activation at higher
potentials?
(7) What is the influence of temperature on the mechanism?
Future work aims to solve these challenges from a range of disciplines, and their success will promote the development of next generation green and sustainable energy devices.
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