In table 12, we shows the how workers in some industries concentrate in specific counties. We use the year 2010 data. In each county, we
Table 8: The Impact of ODI and Trade on Male’s Labor Market (2SLS)
unemployment lnwage
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
ODI 0.003∗∗ 0.005∗ 0.008∗∗∗ 0.006∗∗ -0.011∗∗∗ -0.027∗∗∗ -0.018∗∗∗ -0.024∗∗∗
(0.001) (0.003) (0.003) (0.003) (0.002) (0.005) (0.005) (0.005) ODI*Skilled labor -0.002∗∗∗ -0.007∗∗∗ -0.012∗∗∗ -0.010∗∗∗ 0.004∗∗∗ 0.001 0.003 -0.002
(0.000) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.001) (0.003) (0.005) (0.004)
Net export -0.002 -0.003∗∗ -0.002∗∗ 0.010∗∗∗ 0.006∗∗ 0.008∗∗∗
(0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.002) (0.003) (0.002)
Net export*Skilled labor 0.003∗∗∗ 0.007∗∗∗ 0.006∗∗∗ 0.002 0.002 0.003
(0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.002) (0.003) (0.002)
Skilled labor -0.002 -0.003 -0.001 -0.003 0.206∗∗∗ 0.206∗∗∗ 0.202∗∗∗ 0.205∗∗∗
(0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.004) (0.004) (0.004) (0.004) 6 years of edu. -0.007 -0.007 -0.007 -0.007 0.149∗∗∗ 0.149∗∗∗ 0.149∗∗∗ 0.154∗∗∗
(0.009) (0.009) (0.009) (0.009) (0.017) (0.017) (0.017) (0.017) 9 years of edu. -0.010 -0.010 -0.010 -0.010 0.233∗∗∗ 0.234∗∗∗ 0.234∗∗∗ 0.243∗∗∗
(0.009) (0.009) (0.009) (0.009) (0.017) (0.017) (0.017) (0.017) 12 years of edu. -0.021∗∗ -0.020∗∗ -0.020∗∗ -0.020∗∗ 0.281∗∗∗ 0.282∗∗∗ 0.282∗∗∗ 0.296∗∗∗
(0.009) (0.009) (0.009) (0.009) (0.017) (0.017) (0.017) (0.017)
>12 years of edu. -0.032∗∗∗ -0.032∗∗∗ -0.032∗∗∗ -0.032∗∗∗ 0.408∗∗∗ 0.408∗∗∗ 0.408∗∗∗ 0.439∗∗∗
(0.009) (0.009) (0.009) (0.009) (0.017) (0.017) (0.017) (0.017)
Age 0.001∗ 0.001∗ 0.001∗ 0.001∗ 0.036∗∗∗ 0.036∗∗∗ 0.036∗∗∗ 0.037∗∗∗
(0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001) Age squ. -0.000∗∗ -0.000∗∗ -0.000∗∗ -0.000∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗
(0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) Spouse -0.036∗∗∗ -0.036∗∗∗ -0.036∗∗∗ -0.036∗∗∗ 0.118∗∗∗ 0.118∗∗∗ 0.118∗∗∗ 0.122∗∗∗
(0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002)
Full-time job 0.292∗∗∗ 0.292∗∗∗ 0.292∗∗∗ 0.291∗∗∗
(0.005) (0.005) (0.005) (0.004)
Experience 0.020∗∗∗ 0.020∗∗∗ 0.020∗∗∗ 0.021∗∗∗
(0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000)
Experience squ. -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗
(0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000)
Endogenous variables ODI ODI Net export Both ODI ODI Net export Both
Observations 218,698 218,698 218,698 218,698 182,260 182,260 182,260 182,260
Adjusted R2 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.365 0.365 0.365 0.354
Standard errors in parentheses. ∗ p < 0.1,∗∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗∗ p < 0.01. Year effects, county effects and industry effects are included in all estimations. The dummy of under 6 years of schooling is used as the control group.
Table 9: The Impact of ODI and Trade on Male’s Labor Market (2SLS)
unemployment lnwage
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
ODI 0.003∗∗ 0.005 0.009∗∗ 0.006 -0.011∗∗∗ -0.028∗∗ -0.017∗ -0.024∗∗
(0.001) (0.005) (0.004) (0.005) (0.002) (0.011) (0.009) (0.010) ODI*Skilled labor -0.002∗∗∗ -0.007∗∗∗ -0.013∗∗∗ -0.010∗∗∗ 0.003∗∗∗ 0.003 0.002 -0.002
(0.000) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.001) (0.009) (0.009) (0.012)
Net export -0.002 -0.004∗∗ -0.003 0.010∗∗ 0.006 0.008∗
(0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.005) (0.004) (0.004)
Net export*Skilled labor 0.004∗∗∗ 0.007∗∗∗ 0.006∗∗∗ 0.000 0.001 0.003
(0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.006) (0.005) (0.007)
Skilled labor -0.002 -0.002 -0.001 -0.002 0.205∗∗∗ 0.205∗∗∗ 0.202∗∗∗ 0.205∗∗∗
(0.002) (0.002) (0.003) (0.003) (0.004) (0.017) (0.016) (0.017) 6 years of edu. -0.009 -0.009 -0.009 -0.009 0.154∗∗∗ 0.154∗∗∗ 0.154∗∗∗ 0.154∗∗∗
(0.009) (0.008) (0.008) (0.008) (0.017) (0.019) (0.019) (0.019) 9 years of edu. -0.014 -0.014∗ -0.014∗ -0.014∗ 0.243∗∗∗ 0.243∗∗∗ 0.244∗∗∗ 0.243∗∗∗
(0.009) (0.008) (0.008) (0.008) (0.017) (0.022) (0.022) (0.022) 12 years of edu. -0.029∗∗∗ -0.029∗∗∗ -0.029∗∗∗ -0.029∗∗∗ 0.296∗∗∗ 0.296∗∗∗ 0.297∗∗∗ 0.296∗∗∗
(0.009) (0.008) (0.008) (0.008) (0.017) (0.023) (0.023) (0.023)
> 12 years of edu. -0.043∗∗∗ -0.043∗∗∗ -0.043∗∗∗ -0.043∗∗∗ 0.439∗∗∗ 0.439∗∗∗ 0.439∗∗∗ 0.439∗∗∗
(0.009) (0.008) (0.008) (0.008) (0.017) (0.026) (0.026) (0.026) Age 0.001∗∗∗ 0.001∗∗∗ 0.001∗∗∗ 0.001∗∗∗ 0.037∗∗∗ 0.037∗∗∗ 0.037∗∗∗ 0.037∗∗∗
(0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.001) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) Age squ. -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗
(0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) Spouse -0.037∗∗∗ -0.037∗∗∗ -0.037∗∗∗ -0.037∗∗∗ 0.122∗∗∗ 0.122∗∗∗ 0.122∗∗∗ 0.122∗∗∗
(0.001) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.005) (0.005) (0.005)
Full-time job 0.292∗∗∗ 0.291∗∗∗ 0.292∗∗∗ 0.291∗∗∗
(0.004) (0.008) (0.008) (0.008)
Experience 0.021∗∗∗ 0.021∗∗∗ 0.021∗∗∗ 0.021∗∗∗
(0.000) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001)
Experience squ. -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗
(0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000)
Endogenous variables ODI ODI Net export Both ODI ODI Net export Both
Observations 218,698 218,698 218,698 218,698 182,260 182,260 182,260 182,260
Adjusted R2 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.354 0.354 0.354 0.354
Standard errors adjusted for 23 clusters in county in parentheses. ∗ p < 0.1,∗∗ p < 0.05,∗∗∗p < 0.01.
Year effects and county effects are included in all estimations. The dummy of under 6 years of schooling is used as the control group.
Table 10: Robustness Check on Male Samples
unemployment ln(wage)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
ODI 0.008 0.008 0.006 0.006 -0.029∗ -0.024∗∗ -0.024∗∗ -0.023∗∗
(0.006) (0.006) (0.005) (0.005) (0.015) (0.011) (0.010) (0.011) ODI*Skilled labor -0.011∗∗∗ -0.011∗∗∗ -0.010∗∗∗ -0.011∗∗∗ -0.004 0.015 -0.002 -0.001
(0.002) (0.003) (0.002) (0.002) (0.013) (0.010) (0.012) (0.011)
Net export -0.004 -0.003 -0.002 0.012∗ 0.007 0.008
(0.003) (0.002) (0.002) (0.007) (0.005) (0.005)
Net export*Skilled labor 0.007∗∗∗ 0.006∗∗∗ 0.006∗∗∗ 0.002 -0.008 0.003
(0.002) (0.002) (0.001) (0.008) (0.006) (0.007)
Skilled labor -0.003 0.002 -0.002 -0.003 0.286∗∗∗ 0.186∗∗∗ 0.205∗∗∗ 0.205∗∗∗
(0.004) (0.003) (0.003) (0.003) (0.018) (0.013) (0.017) (0.017) 6 years of edu. -0.008 -0.010 -0.009 -0.009 0.138∗∗∗ 0.139∗∗∗ 0.154∗∗∗ 0.154∗∗∗
(0.008) (0.008) (0.008) (0.008) (0.019) (0.019) (0.019) (0.019) 9 years of edu. -0.016∗ -0.016∗∗ -0.014∗ -0.014∗ 0.196∗∗∗ 0.200∗∗∗ 0.243∗∗∗ 0.243∗∗∗
(0.008) (0.008) (0.008) (0.008) (0.020) (0.021) (0.022) (0.022) 12 years of edu. -0.028∗∗∗ -0.032∗∗∗ -0.029∗∗∗ -0.029∗∗∗ 0.248∗∗∗ 0.250∗∗∗ 0.296∗∗∗ 0.296∗∗∗
(0.008) (0.008) (0.008) (0.008) (0.023) (0.022) (0.023) (0.023)
> 12 years of edu. -0.036∗∗∗ -0.043∗∗∗ -0.043∗∗∗ 0.422∗∗∗ 0.439∗∗∗ 0.439∗∗∗
(0.008) (0.008) (0.008) (0.026) (0.026) (0.026)
Age 0.005∗∗∗ 0.001∗∗∗ 0.001∗∗∗ 0.001∗∗∗ 0.039∗∗∗ 0.035∗∗∗ 0.037∗∗∗ 0.037∗∗∗
(0.002) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.004) (0.001) (0.002) (0.002) Age squ. -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗
(0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) Spouse -0.044∗∗∗ -0.041∗∗∗ -0.037∗∗∗ -0.037∗∗∗ 0.123∗∗∗ 0.119∗∗∗ 0.122∗∗∗ 0.122∗∗∗
(0.003) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.006) (0.005) (0.005) (0.005)
Full-time job 0.307∗∗∗ 0.307∗∗∗ 0.291∗∗∗ 0.291∗∗∗
(0.010) (0.007) (0.008) (0.008)
Experience 0.020∗∗∗ 0.022∗∗∗ 0.021∗∗∗ 0.021∗∗∗
(0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001)
Experience squ. -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗
(0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000)
Sample age> 40 unskilled H.K. 3IV age> 40 unskilled H.K. 3IV
Observations 103,646 149,791 218,698 218,698 92,591 124,123 182,260 182,260
Adjusted R2 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.338 0.271 0.354 0.354
Standard errors adjusted for 23 clusters in county in parentheses. ∗ p < 0.1,∗∗ p < 0.05,∗∗∗p < 0.01. In the third and eighth column, the values of net export include Hong Kong. The fourth and eighth column report the results of estimates with three IV.
Table 11: The Impact of ODI and Trade on Female Labor Market
unemployment ln(wage)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
ODI 0.003∗∗ 0.005∗ 0.002 0.003 -0.002 -0.022∗∗∗ -0.015∗∗ -0.021∗∗∗
(0.001) (0.003) (0.003) (0.003) (0.002) (0.005) (0.006) (0.005)
ODI*Skilled labor -0.002∗∗∗ -0.004∗∗∗ -0.001 -0.002 0.000 0.007∗∗ 0.008 0.004
(0.000) (0.002) (0.003) (0.002) (0.001) (0.003) (0.006) (0.004)
Net export -0.002 0.000 -0.000 0.013∗∗∗ 0.010∗∗∗ 0.012∗∗∗
(0.001) (0.002) (0.001) (0.002) (0.003) (0.003)
Net export*Skilled labor 0.001 -0.001 -0.000 -0.005∗∗ -0.005 -0.003
(0.001) (0.002) (0.001) (0.002) (0.003) (0.003)
Skilled labor -0.001 -0.001 -0.001 -0.001 0.240∗∗∗ 0.240∗∗∗ 0.238∗∗∗ 0.240∗∗∗
(0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.005) (0.005) (0.005) (0.005) 6 years of edu. -0.001 -0.001 -0.001 -0.001 0.068∗∗∗ 0.068∗∗∗ 0.069∗∗∗ 0.068∗∗∗
(0.003) (0.003) (0.003) (0.003) (0.011) (0.011) (0.011) (0.011) 9 years of edu. -0.003 -0.003 -0.003 -0.003 0.148∗∗∗ 0.149∗∗∗ 0.149∗∗∗ 0.149∗∗∗
(0.003) (0.003) (0.003) (0.003) (0.011) (0.011) (0.011) (0.011) 12 years of edu. -0.005 -0.005 -0.005 -0.005 0.251∗∗∗ 0.252∗∗∗ 0.252∗∗∗ 0.252∗∗∗
(0.003) (0.003) (0.003) (0.003) (0.011) (0.011) (0.011) (0.011)
<12 years of edu. -0.016∗∗∗ -0.016∗∗∗ -0.016∗∗∗ -0.016∗∗∗ 0.446∗∗∗ 0.447∗∗∗ 0.447∗∗∗ 0.447∗∗∗
(0.004) (0.004) (0.004) (0.004) (0.011) (0.011) (0.011) (0.011) Age -0.002∗∗∗ -0.002∗∗∗ -0.002∗∗∗ -0.002∗∗∗ 0.024∗∗∗ 0.024∗∗∗ 0.024∗∗∗ 0.024∗∗∗
(0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001) Age squ. 0.000∗∗∗ 0.000∗∗∗ 0.000∗∗∗ 0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗
(0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) Spouse -0.031∗∗∗ -0.031∗∗∗ -0.031∗∗∗ -0.031∗∗∗ -0.005∗∗ -0.005∗∗ -0.005∗∗ -0.005∗∗
(0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002)
Full-time job 0.236∗∗∗ 0.235∗∗∗ 0.235∗∗∗ 0.235∗∗∗
(0.007) (0.007) (0.007) (0.007)
Experience 0.022∗∗∗ 0.022∗∗∗ 0.022∗∗∗ 0.022∗∗∗
(0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000)
Experience squ. -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗ -0.000∗∗∗
(0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000)
Endogenous variables ODI ODI Net export Both ODI ODI Net export Both
Observations 154,481 154,481 154,481 154,481 114,702 114,702 114,702 114,702
Adjusted R2 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.414 0.415 0.415 0.414
Standard errors in parentheses. ∗ p < 0.1, ∗∗ p < 0.05,∗∗∗ p < 0.01. Year effects and county effects are included in all estimations. The dummy of under 6 years of schooling is used as the control group.
Table 12: Industry Concentration
County 1stindustry 2stindustry 3stindustry
Taipei County wholesale & retail trade electronic equipment construction
Yilan wholesale & retail trade primary industry construction
Taoyuan electronic equipment wholesale & retail trade construction
Hsinchu County electronic equipment construction wholesale & retail trade
Miaoli wholesale & retail trade electronic equipment primary industry
Taichung County wholesale & retail trade electronic equipment fabricated metal products
Changhua wholesale & retail trade primary industry fabricated metal products
Nantou primary industry wholesale & retail trade construction
Yunlin primary industry wholesale & retail trade construction
Chiayi primary industry wholesale & retail trade construction
Tainan County wholesale & retail trade primary industry electronic equipment
Kaohsiung County wholesale & retail trade construction primary industry
Pingdon primary industry wholesale & retail trade construction
Taidon primary industry wholesale & retail trade construction
Hualin primary industry wholesale & retail trade human health activities
Keelung wholesale & retail trade transportation & storage construction
Hsinchu City electronic equipment wholesale & retail trade construction
Taichung City wholesale & retail trade accommodation & food service construction
Chiayi City wholesale & retail trade human health activities construction
Tainan City wholesale & retail trade accommodation & food service electronic equipment Taipei City wholesale & retail trade financial & insurance activities professional scientific & technical activities Kaohsiung City wholesale & retail trade construction accommodation & food service
list the top three industry.
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