5 Conclusion
5.3 Applications, future research, and limitations
5.3.2 limitations
Destination marketing through International movies Spatial
Environment
Accumulating unique spatial cultures and atmospheres
“Hostels” or “guest houses” need to offer friendly and convenient spaces for backpackers to mingle with each other because it is an important enclave for them
Offering clear and easy-to-understand local map for backpackers to use
Electronic Media
Integrating more online forums for backpackers to share and gather
Earning travel narrators to write by focusing on one or two critical event, with intriguing photo images
The travel experiences should be written like telling a story to a good friend, and sound personal and intimate
Make readers feel as if they were in the place with the narrator
People Service people should be kind and treat tourists like friends
Providing low-spending or free services which enables more chances for backpackers to interact with the locals (ex: free online reservation of local tour guides or volunteering guides)
5.3.2 Limitations and future research
From academic perspective:
(1) This study provides a preliminary exploration concerning overall
outbound backpacking experiences of Taiwanese. The conceptual model shows breadth about the ideas. However, “depth” needs more
exploration in finding concrete ways to operate those experiences. Also,
“accuracy” about how to touch every backpacker’s heart regardless of individual differences is another important issue.
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(2) Aside from direct service-related influential factors, future study can focus on exploring relations between indirect influences and experience.
(3) The findings of this study need more quantitative statistics (ex:
questionnaires) to support the results. Demographics, traveling motivations and expectations can be investigated, to complement qualitative findings.
(4) This study focuses on on-tour experiences of Taiwanese backpackers. In the future, the pre-tour motivation and need assessment can be
investigated.
(5) This study doesn’t constraint the destinations backpackers choose. But, future studies can focus only on one specific destination that is visited most often.
(6) The experience of backpackers is more unique compared to package tour experiences. Schmitt (1999)’s five modules might not cover all the experiences completely. A more concrete experience model is needed.
From marketing perspective:
(1) The studies of backpacking markets are in its beginning. It is suggested in this study that in the future, countries should dedicate more to develop a more suitable touring marketing and promotion plan for backpackers around the world.
(2) The meanings of metaphors can be further analyzed to help design more operating strategies for creating unforgettable experiences.
(3) The issue of “backpacking experience management” can be studied further according to the real experience and post-tour satisfaction.
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A1: personnel SENSE Factor 多了一份香料的味道掩蓋掉蔬菜的澀味。「very nice！Thank you.」我由衷地覺得它們好吃到感人。試過這兩樣食物 後，我對印度路邊攤更有信心了。
Appendix 1: Narrative Excerpts of Influential Factors on Backpacking Experiences
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【F19】
酒莊主人一聽到我們來自遙遠的亞洲而且是第二次造訪，熱情的拿出一瓶瓶白酒讓我們品嚐，每一種都是那麼好喝順 口。結果，不知是微醺了還是怎樣，我們竟然扛了 7 箱了 42 瓶白酒上雷諾小車
Smell 【F10】
山腳邊一間民居散逸著一種誘人且熟悉的香氣。開放式的屋簷下，一位蓄著長髮的康巴漢子，正忙碌的在一只大平鍋 上來回翻炒著。湊前細瞧，一粒粒被炒的油亮的穀粒正透著金黃。「這是青稞，吃吃看。」他說。原來，這香噴噴的 味道是炒青稞的氣味。
Body Move 【F7】
我們還遇到一群熱情的巴西女生，教我們怎樣跳巴西最紅的舞曲，其實歌曲挺芭樂的，舞蹈動作也有點像有氧舞蹈，
但不知道為何大家跳起來就是很有趣，手舞足蹈的就是很 HIGH。
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A2: personnel FEEL Factor
2. 我對於怎麼調 Caipirinha 非常有興趣，也問他問了半天，於是他還破例給了我兩杯免費 Caipirinha，真是賺到 了，哈哈！
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Touched 【M9】
看著桌上滿滿的埃及菜，以及身旁無私待我的面容，就像是回到了家裡一般輕鬆，我閉上眼，「媽，我回來了！」 那 是一個小蘿蔔頭，背著書包在門口大聲叫喊著在家裡的母親，睜開有點濕潤的雙眼，好久好久沒有在異鄉如此的感動，
縱然得透過 Yasser 從中翻譯才能相互溝通，但我們卻能清楚地感受到彼此的心，那顆善良且總是熱情好客的心，以 及另一顆需要暫入港口停歇的漂泊之心。Yasser 說舅舅會彈電子琴，喜好音樂的我直嚷著要他彈奏，哥哥與弟弟也 一起加入演奏，在那透過電子合成的跳動音符中，行動不方便的奶奶坐在一旁靜靜地聆聽著，那份和諧遠勝過數千年 金字塔給我的感動。
【F15】
我真的好幸運！當我看到簡訊的這一刻，我簡直感動到快哭了！我怎麼可以這麼幸運遇到這樣好的人呢？真的好感謝 她的溫暖的友誼。到現在，我仍在感動中。
【M1】
照片中的臉孔，每一張都歷歷在目，和他們之間的故事，經常像一陣陣的暴風雨，每當想起，就得在胸口、在心頭，
再次澎湃一回...
【M11】
我們分享猪肉乾、魷魚絲、肉鬆，男主人拿出酒、lassi。
我和小樹用中文說話，主人和 Chudamani 用尼泊爾話談天，柴火的光映照在我們彼此的臉上，影子交錯在牆壁上，時 而我們大家用英文交談，時而中文的聊中文的，尼泊爾的說尼泊爾的，時而大家不說話，只是看著你、看著我、看著 他、看著屋內、看著窗外，時而大家各自聊各自的，氣氛是如此的和諧，安靜下來時，就自然而然，一句話也沒有，
不用困窘地想找話題，熱烈時，英文交談，或繼續中文聊中文、尼泊爾說尼泊爾文。我們好像掉入了尼泊爾的故事中，
在這夜裡，我們遇見了尼泊爾，自然而然變成了祂的一部份，自然而然融為一體，自然而然在融合中繼續保有自己。
心中感動到連感動也沒有了
【F14】
我喜歡自助旅行與當地人接觸的感動，旅行團那種上車睡覺下車尿尿觀光景點猛拍照的觀光團，可不能稱做是旅行
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Interested &
Fun
【F10】
和當地人一塊擠在小店裡，你看我我看你，亂七八糟、有懂沒懂的聊天倒也著實有趣。
Unforgettable 【M4】
最後要離開時，有種捨不得的感覺湧上心頭...我想是因為 Singamata 的員工和教練們濃濃的人情味讓我捨不得離開 吧...
【F13】
迷路了一陣，斷牆後方走出來一個十來歲的小女孩，客氣的問我要去哪，我很驚喜的問：「你會說英文？」她驕傲的 抬起她的下巴：「A little」，那神情配合著背景，至今很難忘。
Grateful 【F4】
其實是我要謝謝 Abere，因為他讓我重新發現了自己其實並不缺乏，其實人人都是有能夠付出、改變世界的能力。
【F3】
今天感謝這位古巴朋友(Zoila Agamonte)的幫忙(看到照片才發現把她拍得很兇，其實她是個好人喔！)，一直幫忙我 看路標，讓我好對照地圖上的路名做下公車路線記號，還沿途解說路過的建築物，雖然他只會說西班牙文，但我們還 算可以溝通，而且公車上會講英文的人都肯幫忙溝通，這一點覺得很窩心，今天一出門就遇到很多好人，感謝天！
Familiar 【F6】
喝醉的阿珠媽不忍心我們餓肚子,還是請我們留步, 端上熱騰騰的味道極濃的韓式味增湯,兩碗白飯及數碟小菜.第一 次感到醉醺醺的溫情,那位阿珠媽口中還念念有詞對友人說…你好帥阿……阿你朋友是從美國來的嗎?...你們看起 來好登對阿,我也去過美國歐...妳/你吃過辛拉麵嗎? 就是那股向你直接衝過來的味道，遇到帥哥會發生的狀況, 這跟我們台灣女生一樣直接嘛!!不自覺感到親切起來
Positive Feelings through
【M5】
離開瓦拉納西以前，我到附近的相館洗了幾張賓館裡大家庭的照片送給他們。小孩子們搶著看照片，傳來傳去都弄皺 了。老闆出門沒多久後，輪到我和洋平。美麗的妻子送我們到門口，彼此告別以後，她在後面附上一句：「小孩子們