• 沒有找到結果。

Limitations of the Present Study and Suggestions for Future Research

Some limitations are recognized in the present study and suggestions are offered for future research.

First of all, it was found that the oldest experimental group (i.e., Grade 6) still had not acquired adult-like interpretations of typical frequency adverbs. The finding shows that subjects over twelve years old can be recruited in future research to further investigate the developmental pattern of children’s interpretations of Chinese frequency adverbs.

Second, a negative effect of contextual clues was found in the present study.

However, this negative effect might be attributed to some unexpected meanings of lexical words on some occasions (Looby 1939). In addition, the crucial elements that make ET2-1 boundable might vary. These two aspects can be explored in future research.

101

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Appendix A: The Test Items Used in Phase 1 Story 1:

小明、小華、小可、小翔、小力、小 志、小勳是幸福國小一年一班的同 學。

老師規定早上八點要到學校。

可是會有同學遲到。

107

為了養成大家準時上課的好習慣,老 師準備了六份禮物獎勵學生不要遲 到,告訴學生一個禮拜後要頒獎。這 禮拜六、日學校有英語營活動,學生 也是要八點就到學校,所以這禮拜總 共要上課七天。老師請我負責觀察這 七位學生這七天的上課情形,然後請 你負責幫老師決定頒獎典禮上要怎麼 分配禮物。那現在我要跟你說我這一 個禮拜以來觀察到的情形,你要在紙 上先做好紀錄,他如果遲到一天,你 就要在一個圈圈裡面打一個勾。小朋 友,準備好了嗎?

Q1

這一個禮拜以來,小明很乖,幾乎不 會遲到,老師覺得很棒。

Q2

小華上學前會跟爺爺聊天,很容易忘 記時間,所以他有時候會遲到。

108

Q3

小可的媽媽每天都很早叫他起床,所 以小可很少會遲到。

Q4

小翔是個早睡早起的乖寶寶,他從不 會遲到,是個模範寶寶。

Q5

小力偶爾會遲到,老師已經跟他說過 要準時來上課了,但是小力還是改不 掉這個壞習慣。

109

Q6

小志總是遲到,讓老師很傷腦筋。

Q7

小勳常常遲到,老師怎麼跟他說,還 是沒有改善。

小朋友,你紀錄好了嗎?頒獎典禮要 開始囉!你可以幫老師想想要把禮物 頒給誰嗎?

110

Story 2:

小朋友們,還記得這七位幸福國小的 學生嗎?他們是小明、小華、小可、

小翔、小力、小志、小勳。

他們因為剛念小學一年級,還不太適 應小學生活,會忘記要寫作業。

為了幫他們改掉這個不好的習慣,老 師跟上次一樣,準備了六份禮物獎勵 學生不要忘記寫作業,告訴學生一個 禮拜後要頒獎。老師請我負責觀察這 七位學生的寫作業情況,然後請你負 責幫老師決定頒獎典禮上要怎麼分配 禮物。那現在我要跟你說我這一個禮 拜以來觀察到的情形,你要在紙上先 做好紀錄,他如果忘記寫作業一天,

你就要在一個圈圈裡面打一個勾。準 備好了嗎?

111

Q1

這一個禮拜以來,小明偶爾會忘記寫 作業,然後會被媽媽罵。

Q2

小華一回家就看電視,常常忘記寫作 業,讓媽媽很頭痛。

Q3

小可的媽媽每天都會提醒他要寫作 業,所以小可幾乎不會忘記寫作業。

112

Q4

小翔有時候會忘記寫作業,他媽媽很 傷腦筋。

Q5

小力總是忘記寫作業,每天都被老師 罵。

Q6

小志的媽媽規定寫完作業才能看卡 通,所以小志一回家就先寫作業,從 不會忘記寫作業。

113

Q7

小勳很少忘記寫作業,老師覺得很棒。

小朋友,你紀錄好了嗎?頒獎典禮要 開始囉!你可以幫老師想想要把禮物 頒給誰嗎?

114

Appendix B: The Worksheet Used in Phase 1

OOOOOOO

115

Appendix C: The Test Items Used in the Context-free Task in Phase 2

美國隊長最近在學中文,他有些句子 可以說得很正確,有些句子會說得有 點奇怪,有些句子甚至是在中文裡不 能這樣說。小朋友,可以請你幫幫美 國隊長,告訴他,他說的句子在中文 裡可不可以這樣說嗎?

如果你覺得美國隊長說的中文句子聽 起來非常通順,請你在綠燈打個勾 勾;如果你覺得他說的中文句子有點 奇怪,但好像又可以接受,那就在黃 燈打勾;如果你覺得他說的中文句子 不正確,中文不能這麼說,那就在紅 燈中打勾勾。小朋友,準備好了嗎?

美國隊長要開始說話囉!

Q1

媽媽偶爾打開窗戶通風。

Q2

媽媽有時候罵得小翔說不出話來。

116

Q3

媽媽有時候打算改掉小華不念書的壞 習慣。

Q4

爸爸偶爾送鄰居雞蛋。

Q5

媽媽偶爾珍惜和李阿姨的好友情。

Q6

媽媽常常進到小明房間打掃。

117

Q7

爺爺常常送菜給鄰居。

Q8

媽媽常常認識林老師。

Q9

媽媽偶爾覺得心情不好。

Q10

媽媽常常不小心弄破東西。

118

Appendix D: The Test Items Used in the Context-provided Task in Phase 2 Q1

媽媽每天都會打掃家裡,但她動作很 大。

上禮拜不小心打破花瓶和盤子。

前天和昨天又不小心摔破杯子。

所以,媽媽這幾天常常不小心弄破東 西。

119

Q2

爸爸養的雞生了很多雞蛋。

爸爸前幾天送鄰居陳叔叔雞蛋。

昨天也送鄰居王奶奶雞蛋。

所以,爸爸這幾天偶爾送鄰居雞蛋。

120

Q3

媽媽和李阿姨是好朋友。

他們每個禮拜至少會約兩天一起吃飯 聊天。

這禮拜也一起吃了兩天午餐。

所以,媽媽這幾個禮拜偶爾珍惜和李 阿姨的好友情。

121

Q4

小明每天都把房間弄得很亂。

媽媽星期一和星期三都有進去小明房 間幫他打掃。

媽媽昨天和今天也都有進去小明房間 幫他打掃。

所以,媽媽這個禮拜常常進到小明房 間幫他打掃。

122

Q5

小華平常晚上不太念書,考試考不 好。

媽媽上禮拜和爸爸討論怎麼幫小華改 掉這個壞習慣。

媽媽前天和昨天也打電話問小華的老 師該怎麼幫小華

所以,媽媽這幾天有時候打算改掉小 華不念書的壞習慣。

123

Q6

這幾天家裡發生好多事。

想到爸爸生病住院,媽媽心情就不 好。

弟弟踢球時受傷,也讓媽媽心情不 好。

所以,媽媽這幾天偶爾覺得心情不 好。

124

Q7

爺爺會在菜園種菜,菜很多。

爺爺上禮拜送自己種的菜給鄰居張奶 奶兩次。

爺爺這禮拜也送菜給鄰居王爺爺兩 次。

所以,爺爺這兩個禮拜常常送菜給鄰 居。

125

Q8

小翔吃東西時沾到衣服,媽媽會罵 他,因為沾到食物的衣服很難洗乾 淨。

小翔星期一吃東西時沾到了衣服。

小翔星期一吃東西時沾到了衣服。

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