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Child Phonology, I: Production. New York: Academic Press.
Locke, J. (1983) Phonological Acquisition and Change. New York: Academic Press.
Magnusson, E. (1983) The phonology of language disordered children: production,
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Menn, L. (1983) Development of articulatory, phonetics, and phonological capabilities. In B. Butterworth (Ed.), 3-50.
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Sander, E. (1972) When are speech sounds learned? Journal of Speech and
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49
附件一：長期觀察語料譯寫範例 珍珍（一歲六個月）譯寫檔
50
Sound Tone Occurrence Possible Meaning Month Age Note
tɕjɛ tɕjɛ 30 1 姊姊 珍珍 08-16-12 1;6
mimimi 143 2 玉米 珍珍 08-16-12 1;6
tsha tɕhi 10 3 叉子 珍珍 08-16-12 1;6
tsha tɕi 10 6 叉子 珍珍 08-16-12 1;6
mi 0 2 玉米 珍珍 08-16-12 1;6 7"21為mi+mimimi
hɑw 3 12 好 珍珍 08-16-12 1;6
51
52
53
54
Sound Tone Occurrence Possible Meaning Month Age Note
[pɑw] 4 1 可樂_06-22-12 1;7 狀聲詞，車子撞到墊子
55
56
57
58
[mm a~ xa] 13 1 可樂_06-22-12 1;7
[wu a a] 311 1 可樂_06-22-12 1;7
[khɔw] 4 1 狗 可樂_06-22-12 1;7
[mɑw mɑw] 31 1 貓貓 可樂_06-22-12 1;7
[kow kow] 32 1 狗狗 可樂_06-22-12 1;7
[waw waw] 14 1 可樂_06-22-12 1;7 學狗狗叫
[mm mɑw] 4 1 可樂_06-22-12 1;7 學貓咪叫
[x] 1 可樂_06-22-12 1;7 學豬叫
[kwə kwa] 11 1 可樂_06-22-12 1;7 學鴨叫
[tɕʰin] 2 1 琴 可樂_06-22-12 1;7
[ɕi] 1 1 星 可樂_06-22-12 1;7
[pɑ pɑw] 11 1 可樂_06-22-12 1;7
[tsə tsʰɤ] 11 1 車車 可樂_06-22-12 1;7
[wa] 4 1 哇 可樂_06-22-12 1;7
[paj paj] 1 1 掰掰 可樂_06-22-12 1;7
[tɕjɛn] 4 2 再見 可樂_06-22-12 1;7
[tɕʰi] 0 1 可樂_06-22-12 1;7 要說"再見"前的發音
ɕjɛ tɕjɛ pa pa 11 1 姊姊掰掰 可樂_06-22-12 1;7 kɤ kɤ paj pa 3311 1 哥哥掰掰 可樂_06-22-12 1;7
59
Sound Tone Occurence Possible Meaning Month Age Note
tjej 2 1 疊 葳葳_11-07-12 1;8
60
61
62
tswej tswej 32 1 嘴嘴 葳葳_11-07-12 1;8
thjɛm 2 1 甜(甜圈) 葳葳_11-07-12 1;8
63
64
Sound Tone Occurence Possible Meaning Month Age Note
tshɤ so 43 廁所 悅恩10-04-13 1;9
tshɤ swɔ 43 廁所 悅恩10-04-13 1;9
xɑw 3 12 好 悅恩10-04-13 1;9
tɕin tɕhy wan 442 進去玩 悅恩10-04-13 1;9
mama 32 8 媽媽 悅恩10-04-13 1;9
mama wan tɕjɛ 3221 媽媽房間 悅恩10-04-13 1;9 mama fɑŋ tɕjɛ 3221 媽媽房間 悅恩10-04-13 1;9
nenej 10 ㄋㄟㄋㄟ 悅恩10-04-13 1;9
a koŋ 11 2 阿公 悅恩10-04-13 1;9
65
66
y jɛ tsɨ 2040 魚的葉子 悅恩10-04-13 1;9
jɑw 3 2 有 悅恩10-04-13 1;9
paj 2 掰 悅恩10-04-13 1;9
xe ʂow 13 揮手 悅恩10-04-13 1;9
nenej 13 3 ㄋㄟㄋㄟ 悅恩10-04-13 1;9
mjɛ thjɛ tɕjɛ 314 明天見 悅恩10-04-13 1;9
u kwej 11 3 烏龜 悅恩10-04-13 1;9
i kwe 11 烏龜 悅恩10-04-13 1;9
sɑŋ pu 44 散步 悅恩10-04-13 1;9
to u ɥɛ 442 動物園 悅恩10-04-13 1;9
to u ɥɛn 442 動物園 悅恩10-04-13 1;9
xɤ 4 鶴 悅恩10-04-13 1;9
ɕi njow 12 犀牛 悅恩10-04-13 1;9
67
幸宏（兩歲七個月）譯寫檔
Sound Tone Marker Occurence Possible Meaning Month Age Note
[ma ma tɤ] 11 1 媽媽 10-09-13 2;7
68
[I ɥɛn] 14 1 醫院 10-09-13 2;7
[kaj tɕʰ laj] 432 4 蓋起來 10-09-13 2;7
[xaj jɑw tʂwɑŋ tʂɤ kɤ] 24141 1 還要裝這個 10-09-13 2;7
[taj tʂɤ kɤ] 441 1 帶這個 10-09-13 2;7
[wa] 1 3 挖 10-09-13 2;7
[tɑw tçin tɕiy] 444 1 倒進去 10-09-13 2;7
[xaj jow tʂɤ kɤ] 2341 1 還有這個 10-09-13 2;7
[kʰɤ I] 23 3 可以 10-09-13 2;7
[pa tʂɤ kɤ] 341 1 把這個 10-09-13 2;7
[tʂɤ ʂ ʂɤ mɤ] 4421 1 這是什麼 10-09-13 2;7
[kʰɤ I tɕin tɕiy] 23441 11 可以進去嗎 10-09-13 2;7
[kwɔ pu tɕiy ma] 4241 1 過不去嗎 10-09-13 2;7
[wɔ ɕiɑŋ iɑw tʂɤ kɤ] 33441 1 我想要這個 10-09-13 2;7
[xwej pa] 41 1 會吧 10-09-13 2;7
[fɑŋ tɣ ɕja] 424 1 放的下 10-09-13 2;7
[tʂɤ ʂ ma ma tɣ] 44111 1 這是媽媽的 10-09-13 2;7
[ʂɨ] 4 2 是 10-09-13 2;7
[xaj jow tʂɤ kɤ çjɑw] 23413 1 還有這個小 10-09-13 2;7
[xaj jow pa pa tɣ mɔ twɔ tʂʰɤ] 23441211 1 還有爸爸的摩托車 10-09-13 2;7
[ tɕi koŋ ɥɛn wɑn] 4122 1 去公園玩 10-09-13 2;7
[tʂ tɑw] 14 1 知道 10-09-13 2;7
[wɔ ɕi hwɑn ʐow] 3314 1 我喜歡肉 10-09-13 2;7
[tsʰaj tsʰaj] 44 1 菜菜 10-09-13 2;7
[ɕi hwɑn fɑn] 314 2 喜歡飯 10-09-13 2;7
[kej ni tʂʰ] 321 1 給你吃 10-09-13 2;7
[tɕi kʰɤ] 42 1 去殼 10-09-13 2;7
[piŋ tɤ] 11 2 冰的 10-09-13 2;7
[pa pa] 44 1 爸爸 10-09-13 2;7
[tçjɑŋ tjɛn xwa] 344 1 講電話 10-09-13 2;7
[pa pa kej ni tɤ] 44321 1 爸爸給你的 10-09-13 2;7
[s kʰɤ] 41 1 四顆 10-09-13 2;7
[tjɛ tʂɤ li] 143 1 貼這裡 10-09-13 2;7
69
附件二：長期觀察幼童名單及錄音資料
孩子名稱
性別
出生年月日 錄音次數/小時
（
N=768）
1. 可樂 男 2010 11 19 55 2. 幸宏 男 2011 2 4 60 3. 珍珍 女 2011 1 30 56 4. 悅恩 女 2011 12 5 55 5. 翊慈 女 2011 1 25 55 6. 葳葳 女 2011 3 1 53 7. 小花 女 2012 3 17 50 8. 咚咚 男 2011 5 12 57 9. 將將 女 2011 1 5 34 10. William 男 2012 10 12 39 11. 歆潔 女 2012 9 8 45 12. 柏汛 男 2012 9 3 41 13. 洧吏 男 2012 9 3 41 14. 閔閔 男 2012 10 17 42 15. 翔翔 男 2012 10 17 42 16. 小乖 女 2012 10 12 43
70
71
72
73
212 詠翔 男 5;8
213 正樸 男 5;8
214 堉愷 男 5;9
215 儂妹妹 女 5;9
216 迦恩 女 5;9
217 睦謙 男 5;9
218 並宏 男 5;9
219 彥嘉 男 5;9
220 謝寶 女 5;10
221 睿歆 女 5;10
222 大鈞 男 5;10
223 昀叡 男 5;10
224 承軒 男 5;11
225 詠存 男 5;11
74
附件四實驗切音（PRAAT 搭配中研院語言所所長鄭秋豫教授所提供的 Aligner 軟體）
1. 手錶 [ʂow21 pjaw21]
2. 月亮 [ɥɛ51 liaŋ51]
3.電風扇 [tjɛn51 foŋ55 ʂan51]