Measuring outcome of the knowledge creation process

Table 1

Various Coefficients

Person

Current indispensible knowledge (OLD)

Ability to share

Ability to receive

Knowledge creating ability (KCA)

1 70.00 0.80 0.75 0.50

2 60.00 0.60 0.75 0.75

3 55.00 0.70 0.55 0.20

4 40.00 0.65 0.60 0.50

5 80.00 0.50 0.70 0.70

6 65.00 0.70 0.80 0.75

7 60.00 0.65 0.70 0.60

8 45.00 0.70 0.65 0.35

9 75.00 0.60 0.75 0.70

10 50.00 0.55 0.70 0.45

11 75.00 0.65 0.55 0.60

Table 2

Difference between Knowledge Areas

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.3 2 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.3 3 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 4 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 5 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 6 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.1 7 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 8 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.2 9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.2 10 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.3 11 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.0

Step 4. Identify knowledge needed by each person from others for creation of desirable knowledge.

Analyze current indispensable knowledge of individuals, difference between their knowledge and it‘s compliance with the desirable knowledge, one can see what knowledge each person is lacking, and if there is any other person who posses this knowledge, so it can be fused with existing knowledge and be transformed into desirable knowledge. Knowledge

which each person needs from others to conduct the knowledge creation process is shown in Table 3. Numbers in rows shows amount of knowledge persons need from others and numbers in columns indicates amount of knowledge needed from person by another person. For example person 5 needs two units of knowledge from person 1 and six units of knowledge is needed by person 1 from person 5.

Table 3

Knowledge Needed from Others

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 0 3 4 1 6 3 2 1 5 0 8

2 5 0 2 1 4 2 4 3 3 0 4

3 1 5 0 2 9 7 9 2 0 3 2

4 10 3 5 0 6 1 12 1 5 7 14

5 2 1 1 5 0 2 10 0 1 1 2

6 0 12 0 4 10 0 5 0 12 1 8

7 3 4 8 3 13 6 0 1 3 4 13

8 2 0 1 1 20 2 1 0 6 2 7

9 1 2 1 0 2 3 4 3 0 1 2

10 5 4 8 2 8 7 5 0 8 0 5

11 3 6 2 5 2 0 1 5 2 0 0

Step 5. Evaluate mutation and combination coefficients of knowledge that individuals have for all persons who need knowledge from others or their knowledge is needed by others.

Based on the nature of knowledge, its similarity or difference, the coefficients of probability of mutation and combination, knowledge possessed by different persons are defined as shown in Table 4 and Table 5 respectively.

Step 6. Select one who has at least one of the coefficients greater than zero.

All eleven persons have coefficients greater than zero; it means that all of them can be effectively involved in knowledge creation process. If some of the persons have all coefficients equal to zero, then it is not reasonable to involve these persons in the knowledge creation process.

Table 4

Mutation Coefficients

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 0.00 0.32 0.01 0.20 0.00 0.15 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.30 0.24 2 0.32 0.00 0.41 0.28 0.10 0.00 0.05 0.08 0.10 0.26 0.18 3 0.01 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.20 0.23 0.19 0.10 0.12 0.40 4 0.20 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.43 0.20 0.01 0.30 0.10 0.00 5 0.00 0.10 0.31 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.25 0.07 0.18 0.06 0.04 6 0.15 0.00 0.20 0.43 0.06 0.00 0.38 0.40 0.14 0.10 0.03 7 0.03 0.05 0.23 0.20 0.25 0.38 0.00 0.21 0.10 0.36 0.42 8 0.00 0.08 0.19 0.01 0.07 0.40 0.21 0.00 0.13 0.20 0.17 9 0.01 0.10 0.10 0.30 0.18 0.14 0.10 0.13 0.00 0.28 0.22 10 0.30 0.26 0.12 0.10 0.06 0.10 0.36 0.20 0.28 0.00 0.14 11 0.24 0.18 0.40 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.42 0.17 0.22 0.14 0.00 Table 5

Combination Coefficients

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 0.00 0.30 0.70 0.40 0.20 0.25 0.33 0.67 0.80 0.19 0.25 2 0.30 0.00 0.20 0.23 0.43 0.38 0.40 0.31 0.38 0.20 0.33 3 0.70 0.20 0.00 0.60 0.31 0.15 0.20 0.73 0.51 0.25 0.28 4 0.40 0.23 0.60 0.00 0.71 0.20 0.20 0.48 0.34 0.41 0.54 5 0.20 0.43 0.31 0.71 0.00 0.77 0.20 0.36 0.31 0.56 0.85 6 0.25 0.38 0.15 0.20 0.77 0.00 0.16 0.15 0.19 0.30 0.40 7 0.33 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.16 0.00 0.15 0.20 0.00 0.00 8 0.67 0.31 .7. 0.48 0.36 0.14 0.15 0.00 0.69 0.21 0.38 9 0.80 0.38 0.51 0.34 0.31 0.19 0.20 0.69 0.00 0.11 0.26 10 0.19 0.20 0.25 0.41 0.56 0.30 0.10 0.21 0.11 0.00 0.46 11 0.25 0.33 0.28 0.54 0.85 0.40 0.10 0.38 0.26 0.46 0.00 Step 7. Calculate physical distance between individuals.

It can be calculated using following scale: 1 responds when two persons are in the same office, 1.1 implies same floor, 1.2 is for same building, 1.3 is for same city and 1.4 is for different city. The results of calculation are shown in Table 6.

Step 8. If algorithm is used for the first time, then gauging knowledge creation ability, ability to share and ability to receive knowledge. If algorithm was used before, re-gauging of these parameters is needed considering performance during previous knowledge creation process and makes adjustments accordingly if needed.

Ability and willingness to share knowledge, ability to receive and learn knowledge, and ability to create new knowledge are all specified by a scale of 0-1. The results of gauging are aggregated in Table 1.

Table 6

Physical Distance between Persons

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Using Equation (1) and data about persons from Table 1, knowledge which each person can receive from other was calculated. Knowledge that can be received by all persons from person 1 is shown in Table 7. (Table with complete data are aggregated and shown in Table 14, see Appendix).

Table 7

Amount of Knowledge Received from Person 1 Knowledge

recipient 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Knowledge

received 3 0.44 4.8 1.12 0 1.68 1.04 0.6 2.8 1.32

Step 10. Calculate amount of knowledge created by each person by combination using Equation (2).

All possible pairs of workers were considered and knowledge that each of them can create in every pair by combination was calculated using Equation (2) and then aggregated in Table 14.

Step 11. Calculate amount of knowledge created by each person by mutation using Equation (3).

All possible pairs of workers were considered and knowledge that each of them can create in every pair by mutation was calculated using Equation (3) and then aggregated in Table 14.

Step 12. Calculate time required to create knowledge by combination by each person using Equation (4).

For every person who created any knowledge by combination in every pair, combination time required to create it was calculated using Equation (4) and next variables: weight coefficient between ability to share and ability to receive knowledge is taken as followed:  0.35. Function of complexity for desirable knowledge created by combination is defined as

1 5 . 1 2 )

(c  c²  c

f . Results are aggregated in Table 14.

Step 13. Calculate time required to create knowledge by mutation by each person using Equation (5).

For every person who created any knowledge by mutation in every pair, mutation time required to create it was calculated using Equation (5) and next variables: weight coefficient between ability to share and ability to receive knowledge is taken as followed:  0.35. Function of complexity for desirable knowledge created by mutation is defined as

1 3 5 . 0 3 )

(m  m³ m² m

f . Results are aggregated in Table 14.

Step 14. Calculate cost required for the knowledge creation process by each person using Equation (6).

Using Equation (6) and data from previous two steps, cost of the knowledge creation process conducted by every person was calculated. Cost factor was computed as:

B B

A KCA OLD KCA

OLD   

 

This research assumes that cost of knowledge creation is one third of knowledge that persons can potentially create by themselves without sharing knowledge with others. It is believed that the higher person‘s indispensable knowledge and ability to create new

knowledge are, the higher is their value to the organization and therefore the higher their salaries are.

Table 8

Amount of Knowledge that can be Created and Best Pairs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 0.00 14.34 10.05 5.30 0.93 9.22 3.07 8.03 12.89 0.63 42.03 2 66.99 0.00 17.92 6.02 13.56 5.17 10.46 9.36 11.34 1.35 21.33 3 1.19 3.60 0.00 0.88 6.52 5.21 7.35 2.32 0.57 1.13 1.07 4 26.46 5.41 4.23 0.00 6.04 1.55 24.02 2.49 11.79 6.85 4.39 5 1.72 9.43 9.13 22.17 0.00 26.98 95.93 5.08 7.09 13.63 30.86 6 2.29 6.92 0.82 62.76 36.54 0.00 73.77 0.72 52.03 5.29 13.40 7 4.50 6.88 43.24 10.38 58.64 57.79 0.00 3.21 5.41 19.40 224.37 8 2.72 0.53 3.94 1.41 9.16 2.83 0.99 0.00 7.84 1.89 9.16 9 24.17 10.03 12.21 4.25 9.85 13.30 12.34 29.16 0.00 4.22 12.77 10 21.47 9.46 12.51 3.72 7.72 9.47 18.88 0.45 25.15 0.00 9.81 11 15.13 19.99 10.53 8.45 20.73 4.32 2.51 19.51 6.96 5.71 0.00

Step 15. Select persons whose performance is more relevant to the current goals and conduct knowledge creation process involving selected persons.

The current objective is to obtain as much new knowledge as possible. Table 8 shows amount of knowledge that can be created by each person. It can be seen that, to satisfy this goal, next pairs need to be selected: 1-2, 4-6,5-10,8-9,11-7.

Section 2 Measuring the effect of existing knowledge on the

在文檔中中華大學博士論文 (頁 59-66)