Multidimensional Scaling Analysis

In Figure 7, the y-axis shows the division between strategic planning and non-planning. Within strategic planning, the right-hand side of the figure, 5 subgroups (three large and two small) can be identified. First subgroup is half of the factor 1 group in quadrant I, which is the Theory and Confirmative Research group. Some papers or books, such as works by Henderson and Venkatraman (1991) [v14], Venkatraman, Henderson and Oldach (1993) [v38], Palmer and Markus (2000) [v26], and Broadbent and Weill (1993) [v02] are included. The second subgroup has the most members of factor 2, the Strategic Planning group in quadrant III. [v38] and [v35]

are covered by the first group. Papers like those of Teo and King (1997) [v35], Venkatraman Henderson and Oldach (1993) [v38], Earl (1989) [v10], and Henderson and Sifonis (1988) [v13], belong to this group. In the right-hand field of groups 1 and 2, the third large subgroup is also the factor 3, the IS and Competitive Advantage factor. Most of factor loadings of the papers in this subgroup load on factor 1 or factor 2 too, so we can see the graph of the third subgroup stretch some area to the first group and the second group. Papers in the third subgroup, like Miles and Snow (1978) [v25], Santhanam and Hartono (2003) [v32], Wiseman (1988) [v39], are also in the second subgroup, while Palmer and Markus (2000) [v26] is also in the first subgroup. The other groups, one is Konsynski’s work (1993) [v22] as the fourth group, and another is Johnston and Vitale’s paper (1988) [v18] as the fifth group. The two groups are not the main factors can explain more than 5% of the variance, they are influenced by factor 1 and 2, and that’s why they both form the groups just with one paper. On the left-hand side, the rest half of factor 1 and the factor 6 are there. Factor 6 consists of papers by Grant (2003) [v11] and Chakravarthy (1987) [v06].

The x-axis in Figure 7 separates two kinds of papers: theoretical papers are above the axis, while applied papers (non-theoretical) are below. Group 1, the Alignment theory and Model

development group, so it is above the axis. Most group 2 papers are applied papers; therefore, they are located below the axis.

Multidimensional scaling analysis can almost explain the outcome of factor analysis totally.

We are sure that the grouping can be explained by factor analysis and multidimensional scaling at the same time, which means the results are double-checked.

Figure 7 Multidimensional Scaling 0

Table 8 Core paper list ith assigned numbers

No. Author

w

Year Topic

v01 Boynton AC, Zm Information Technology Planning in the 1990's: Directions for Practice and Research

ud RW 1987

v02 Broadbent M, Weill P 1993 Improving business and information strategy alignment:

Learning from the banking industry

Clair DS for

strategic alignment

v03 Broadbent M, Weill P, 1999 The implications of information technology infrastructure business process redesign

v04 Brown CV, Magill SL 1994 Alignment of the IS functions with the enterprise: toward a model of antecedents

v05 Burn JM, Szeto C 2000 A comparison on the views of business and IT management on success factors for

v06 Chakravarthy BS 1987 On tailoring a strategic planning system to its context: some empirical evidence

v07 Chan YE 2002 Why haven't we mastered alignment? The importance of the informal organization structure

uff SL, Barclay DW, Copeland

ent.

zational performance v08 ^{Chan YE, H}_DG 1997 Business strategic orientation, information systems strategic

orientation, and strategic alignm

v09 Croteau AM, Bergeron F 2001 An information technology trilogy: business strategy, technological deployment and organi

v10 Earl MJ 1989 Management strategies for information technology

Strategic planning in a turbulent environment: evidence from

v11 Grant RM 2003

the oil and gas majors v12 Henderson JC

Sifonis JG

Validity, and IS Markets n N

nizational Technology

ology for 1990 Plugging into Strategic Partnerships: The Critical IS

Connection

v13 Henderson JC, 1988 The Value of Strategic IS Planning: Understanding Consistency,

v14 Henderson JC, Venkatrama 1991 Understanding Strategic Alignment Strategic Alignment: A Model for Orga v15 Henderson JC, Venkatraman N 1992

Transformation Through Information

v16 Henderson JC, Venkatraman N 1993 Strategic alignment: Leveraging information techn transforming organizations

v17 Johnston HR, Carrico SR 1988 Developing Capabilities to Use Information Strategically Creating Competitive Advan

v18 Johnston HR, Vitale MR 1988 tage with Interorganizational

rs TM

onse to globalization Information Systems

v19 Karimi J, Gupta YP, Some 1996 Impact of competitive strategy and information technology maturity on firms' resp

v20 Kearns GS, Lederer AL 2000 The effect of strategic alignment on the use of IS-based resources for competitive advantage

v21 King WR 1978 Strategic Planning for Management Information Systems v22 Konsynski BR 1993 Strategic control in the extended enterprise

wis PR, Oldach SH nd

v24 McLean ER, Soden JV 1977 Strategic Planning for MIS

v23 Luftman JN, Le 1993 Transforming the Enterprise: The Alignment of Business a Information Technology Strategies

Table 8 Core pape s

cture, and Process

v26 Palmer JW, Markus esponse and Strategic

Alignment in Specialty Retailing

rs li t with assigned number (cont.)

v25 Miles RE, Snow CC 1978 Organizational Strategy, Stru ML 2000 The Performance Impacts of Quick R

v27 Pyburn PJ 1983 Linking the MIS Plan with Corporate Strategy: An

v28 Reich BH, Benbasat I 1996 siness and information

v29 Reich BH, Benbasat I 2000 ce the social dimension of alignment

v30 Sabherwal R, Chan YE 2001 ness and is strategies: a study of

v31 Sabherwal R, Hirschheim R, Goles T 2001

Exploratory Study

Measuring the linkage between bu technology objectives

Factors that influen

between business and information technology objectives Alignment between busi

prospectors, analyzers, and defenders

The dynamics of alignment: insights from a punctuated equilibrium model

v32 Santhanam R, Hartono E 2003 y capability to firm

Information Systems Planning

on e v36 van der Zee JTM, de Jong B 1999 t enough: integrating business and

Issues in linking information technolog performance

Profiles of Strategic

v33 Segars AH, Grover V 1999

v34 Teo TSH, Ang JSK 1999 Critical success factors in the alignment of IS plans with business plans

v35 Teo TSH, King WR 1997 Integration between business planning and informati systems planning: an evolutionary-contingency perspectiv Alignment is no

information technology management with

v37 Venkatraman N 1989

v38 Oldach

1993 nformation

Strategic Orientation of Business Enterprises: The Construct, Dimensionality, and Measurement

Continuous strategic alignment: exploiting i Venkatraman N, Henderson JC,

S

Wiseman C

technology capabilities for competitive success Strategic Information Systems

v39 1988