Optical Performances of BLM

After measuring the light source property, the uniformity of the 2x2 tandem light guide matrix on different color states are captured and analyzed by the CCD camera as shown in Fig. 4-7. The uniformity by 9 points of the LG are 89%, 86%, 84%, and 85% on R, G, B, and the white color states associated with a brightness enhance film and a diffuser. In addition, according to the measurement and calculation, the optical efficiency of BLM is 63%. The lumen per watt in terms of R, G, and B color states are 33 lm/w, 37 lm/w, and 9.1 lm/w, respectively. Furthermore, the discontinuity of the boundary between LGs is undistinguishable.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Fig. 4-7 Brightness uniformity of 2x2 tandem light guide matrix – (a) Red (b) Green (c) Blue. (d) Single light guide on white state.

Moreover, in order to analyze the light leakage, only single block is lit up as mentioned in simulation. The light leakage from operating block penetrate to the adjacent divisions is well suppressed to below the 9.8%. From the operating block to the third division, the light leakage is repressed near to zero. However, due to the entire light guide and driving program are still in progress, the effect of the light leakage can not be defined very well. Therefore, the influence of the light leakage on the image quality with LC panel will be further evaluated.

Fig. 4-8 Light leakage from operated block to the neighboring blocks

After that, the angular distribution of the wedged type light guide unit is measured by Conoscope. The result is shown in Fig. 4-9. The full width at half maximum (FHWM) of the extraction light on different color state is about 30 degree in y direction (dashed line) and 50 degree in x direction (solid line). Such directionality is expected to reduce the possible color mixing error.

(a)

(b)

(c)

Fig. 4-9 The angular distribution of LG module in (a) Green light (b) Red light (c)

4.7 Summary

The tandem wedge type LGs with prismatic micro-bump structures for scanning FSC BLM are fabricated. The function of the LG unit enables collimating the high divergence of the incident light into ±30° in y direction and ±40° in x direction.

Furthermore, the uniformities on R, G, and B color states exhibit 89%, 86%, and 89%, respectively. The thickness of the whole BLM is about 25 mm. We successfully define the partition down to 9.8% light leakage to the neighboring divisions without any shields or gaps. Such light leakage can avoid the occurrence of color dependence for adjacent portions of the light guide. However, due to the tilt angle of the wedge shaped light guide is more oblique than the common case, the optical efficiency is not good enough. This drawback should be further improved by the proper optimization.

Chapter 5

Conclusions ＆ Future Works

With development of education, communication, and entertainment in human daily life, LCDs become an important display technology. High brightness, resolution, and excellent color rendering are the major concerns. Although several configurations of the hold-type LCDs have been proposed, many issues such as motion blur, optical efficiency, and poor color representation have large space to improve. In this study, the scanning FSC LCD is proposed to overcome these defects.

Scanning FSC LCD has potential to serve as the new approach in terms of offering better image quality. It can efficiently improve the fuzzy edge of the moving picture, provide higher color gamut without color filter less and higher optical efficiency. These advantages drive us to pursue an partitional BLM in such display.

The tandem wedge shaped light guides combining with the prismatic micro-bump structures have been introduced in this thesis. The prototype of the spatial and temporal scanning backlight system have been demonstrated. 4-in-1 red, green, green, and blue LEDs are utilized to generate color fields sequentially during the scanning process. Different with conventional LCDs which are supplied the entire uniform backlight, the scanning FSC LCDs must provide isolated scanning partitions and well light divergence for each division. Otherwise, the light will leak to the adjacent blocks and cause image color distortion. The proposed tandem wedge shaped light guide combining with micro-bump structures can partition the BLM into several isolated blocks without any shields and gaps. The prismatic micro-bump structures are

distribution of the illuminating light as well as the uniformity along the pipe direction.

According to the simulation, the wedge shaped light guide is designed and optimized by modifying the filling factor and incline angle. The uniformity and efficiency of the light guide unit can be obtained 93% and 68%, respectively. The divergence angle in scanning direction is ±15°. In addition, the light leakage ratio from operating block to the neighboring divisions is accounted for 9.2%.

In the experiment, the CCD camera and the Conoscope are utilized to measure the optical performance of BLM. The uniformities of the different color states are 84% to 89%. The divergence angle of scanning direction is ±30°. The light leakage ratio from operating block to the neighboring divisions is suppressed down to 9.8%.

The experimental results in close agreement with the simulation confirm our optical modeling and fabrication precision. The most concerned issue lies in the boundary between light guides is undistinguishable. Finally, the thickness of the whole BLM which consists of holders and optical films are 25 mm without any shields or gaps.

In the future, the BLM will be coupled with FSC scanning program and OCB liquid crystal panel to further evaluate the influence of the light leakage on image quality. In addition, the different driving method for FSC scanning BLM such as the dual scan or two-dimensional scan can be employed to enhance the optical performance.

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