3 CHAPTER : FOOD SECURITY IN EL SALVADOR
4.2 Policies
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package and its application
In this chapter, we examined how climate change from natural disturbances may increase the vulnerability of food accessible to poor families Salvadoran. While it is true that El Salvador ranks first in Central America in matters of corn performance, it is necessary to implement structural changes that are associated with the phenomenon of security Food in El Salvador, such as better income distribution, to ensure greater coverage of the basic basket of the population living in rural areas, which are most affected.
As well, a change in the productive structure of the economy for the agricultural sector is no longer displayed as a sterile area and has the tools needed to develop crops, with more organized production processes and modern technology, which would ensure achieving greater productivity and ability to cover the land cultivated by these grains.
4.2 Policies
The analysis, findings and conclusions presented in this study have generated a number of strategic and operational recommendations. The following table summarizes a series of recommendations for priority actions and strategies for consideration by the Salvadoran authorities, especially Ministry of Agriculture Management. It is recognized that many of the recommendations are already in the phase Initial implementation by the MAG. It is important to expedite actions in coordinated and systematic way. Experience elsewhere suggests that the effective implementation of these actions will generate strategic results for MAG and the agriculture industry.
Agricultural Policies and Strategies:
To demonstrate the strategic importance of the agricultural sector in the National Development Plan and an increase in the allocation ceiling and public investment budget for the Ministry of Agriculture.
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To have an operational strategy to promote public-private partnerships extended (with attention to small producers), public-public (municipalities MAG), including an increase in the proportion of the Gross Agriculture Product (GAP) supporting such partnerships.
Agricultural Diversification, promoting diversification and increasing the supply of agricultural products of high commercial value in a competitive respond to market opportunities, internal and external.
Technological Innovation: Creating and implementing the Innovation System Technology research, adaptation, validation and transfer of new products and practices to increase sustainable agricultural productivity and agricultural profitability.
To ensure the implementation of the national and international standards in the area of health, plant health and safety products and agricultural products to produce and healthy food safe to ensure the health of the population and quality for export.
To count on infrastructure and equipment to help increase the irrigable area and reduce the vulnerability of agriculture to natural phenomena.
Strengthening the budgeting of the GPA.
Strengthening GPA Governance.
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5 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION
From the effect of global growth style, Climate Change and the influence on Food Security in El Salvador, one can conclude that:
Based on the analysis conducted in this investigation, it is possible to determine that the style of economic growth worldwide is the main cause of increase in GHG emissions and therefore is responsible for accelerating the climate change process.
It is well known that there hasn‟t been done yet a quantification of the effects of climate change, but from the research results we can say that the agricultural sector, especially in the developing countries will be the main affected. Therefore, it is possible that El Salvador's capacity to produce and supply food diminishes.
On the productive capacity of the Salvadoran people which have been or may be affected by climatic events can be added:
The research conducted on the productive capacity of agriculture in El Salvador, indicates that there has been a growth in production of corn, however the increase was insufficient to meet the minimum food needs of the population. Thus we can say that historically Salvadoran economy has been unable to guarantee food security to its inhabitants.
It has been shown through the research that there is a high relationship between climate change and the production of corn in El Salvador, but it can be seen through historical records that the weather drastically reduces the performance of basic grains in the country. Also, the analyzed data reflect a higher frequency of irregular weather events, so there is a strong possibility that climate change will undermine the ability of the economy to produce and buy corn.
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Regarding the security and food sufficiency this research determines that:
The economic model currently implemented in El Salvador, has not been able to guarantee an income level sufficient to allow families to access timely to the minimum amount of food needed to meet their nutritional needs.
In El Salvador remains a condition of insecurity, from the dimension of availability and access to food. This condition of food insecurity has generated a high level of vulnerability in many sectors of the Salvadoran population, which could be increased with the increasing climatic phenomena.
The measures and strategies to be adopted so that the country is better able to cope with climate risk and food are varied and some have been exhibited throughout the research, however, all of which can be summarized in a final conclusion:
Is necessary for El Salvador to adopt measures aimed at adaptation against climate change, because the economic and social data analyzed indicate vulnerability in the Salvadoran people, especially those with few resources.
Also, the possibility of the reintroduction of a modernize Agriculture to the economic model with new technology and development mechanism could be the unexpected alternative for sustainability for economic growth.
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REFERENCES
1. Ordaz, Juan Luis and others (2010). Climate change effects on agriculture.
2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2008). Climate change and food security: A frame document. Online available:
http://www.fao.org/forestry/15538-079b31d45081fe9c3dbc6ff34de4807e4.pdf 3. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1997). Regional Impact of
Climate Change.
4. Angel, Amy (2008). Analysis of the basic grain market in Central America:
focused on El Salvador.
5. Gockowski, J., & Sonwa, D. (2010). Cocoa Intensification Scenarios and Their Predicted Impact on CO2 Emissions.
6. Smith, Adam (1776), The wealth of nations.
7. Tearns, Peter N. (1998), online version The Industrial Revolution in World History.
8. Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (2000). First National Statement of Climate Change.
9. Aguilar, Ivette (2005). The impact of climate change on food security.
10. Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (2010). Public Agriculture Expense for the development of El Salvador
11. Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (2010). Sectoral Strategic Plan 2010-2014.
12. Embassy of Spain: Commercial Department (2004). Agriculture Sector in El Salvador.
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13. Central Reserva Bank of El Salvador Statistics Database
14. Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resource of El Salvador Statistics Database
15. General Directorate of Statistics and Census of El Salvador Database 16. Ministry of Economic of El Salvador Statistics Database
17. Oxford Latin American Statistics Database
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APPENDIX
Appendix 1
Modern humans have been around for about 2.2 million years. By the dawn of the first millennium AD, estimates place the total world human population at between 150 – 200 million, and 300 million in the year 1,000 (a little less than the population of the United States today). The world human population growth rate would be about .1 per cent (.001) per year for the next seven to eight centuries.
In another 750 years, at the dawn of the Industrial Revolution in the mid 1700s, the world‟s human population grew about another 57% to 700 million and would see one billion in 1800. (Note: The Black Plague reduced the world population by about 75 million people in the late 1300s.) The birth of the Industrial Revolution would alter medicine and living standards resulting in the population explosion that would commence at that point and steamroll into the 20th and 21st centuries. In only 100 years after the onset of the Industrial Revolution, the world population would grow 100 percent to two billion people in 1927 (about 1.6 billion by 1900).
During the 20th century, the world population would take on exponential proportions, growing to six billion people just before the start of the 21st century. That‟s a 400%
population increase in a single century. Since the beginnings of the Industrial Revolution to today – in about 250 years – the world human population has increased by six billion people