GDP at Current Prices
1. Private Consumption Expenditure
Private consumption expenditure includes final consumption expenditure of households and non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs). Household final consumption expenditure comprises final consumption expenditure of households in the domestic market and abroad.
In accordance with the Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose (COICOP) of the United Nations, household final consumption expenditure on goods and services in the domestic market is divided into 12 groups, as follows:
Goods & Services Expenditure coverage
1. Food and non-alcoholic beverages
Bread and cereals; meat and fish; dairy products and eggs; edible oils and fats; fruit and vegetables; sugar and confectionery; non-alcoholic beverages and food products n.e.c.
2. Alcoholic beverages and tobacco
Beer and liquor; tobacco
Goods & Services Expenditure coverage
3. Clothing and footwear Clothing materials; garments; other articles of clothing and clothing accessories; shoes and other footwear; repair and hire of clothing and footwear; cleaning of clothing
4. Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels
Actual and imputed rentals for housing; maintenance and repair of the dwelling; water charges; electricity; gas and other fuels
5. Furnishings, household equipment and routine maintenance of the house
Furniture; carpets; household appliances; tools and equipment for house and garden; and repair of these items
6. Health Medical products, appliances and equipment; and health services
7. Transport Spending on purchase, maintenance, repair and operation of vehicles or other personal transport equipment; and other transport services
8. Communication Postal services; telephone and telefax services and equipment
9. Recreation and culture Audio-visual, photographic and data processing equipment; other major durables and equipment for recreation and culture; other recreational items;
gardening and pets; gaming, recreational and cultural services;
newspapers, books and stationery; and package holidays 10. Education Tuition fees and related expenses
11. Restaurants and hotels Meals bought away from home (included staff meals) and accommodation services
12. Miscellaneous goods and services
Personal care; personal effects n.e.c.; social services; insurance; financial intermediation services indirectly measured (FISIM); financial services n.e.c. and other services n.e.c.
Estimates on the 12 groups and sub-groups of the household final consumption expenditure in the domestic market are derived from results of the Houshold Budget Survey (HBS), other surveys and administrative records. Data are then collated into different consumption categories, namely food, beverages and tobacco; consumer goods (durables, semi-durables and non-durables); and services, as follows:
Food, beverages and tobacco Cereals, bread, meat, seafood, milk, dairy products, eggs, fruit and vegetables, confectionery, coffee, tea, mineral water, soft drinks, fruit and vegetable juices, alcoholic beverages and tobacco
Durables Furniture, lighting equipment, household equipment, glassware, tableware, household utensils, optical goods, vehicles, telephone and telefax equipment, equipment for the reception, recording and reproduction of sound and pictures, information processing equipment, recording media, major durables for recreation and culture, jewellery, clocks and watches, etc.
Semi-durables Clothing, footwear, household textiles, vehicle parts and accessories, recreational supplies, gardening, pets, books, personal items, etc.
Non-durables Water charges, electricity, gas, non-durable household goods, drugs and medical products, vehicle fuel and lubricants, newspapers, periodicals and stationery, etc.
Services Housing rentals, miscellaneous housing services, domestic and household services, medical services, vehicle maintenance and repairs, parking fees, transportation services, postal services, communication services, gaming, package holidays, recreational, sporting and cultural services, education, meals bought away from home, accommodation services, personal care, social services, insurance, FISIM, etc.
A comprehensive revision has been made to private consumption expenditure according to the 2017/2018 HBS, results of other surveys and administrative records. As the HBS is conducted every five years, estimates of the quarterly and annual private consumption expenditure from 2018 onwards are extrapolated using other surveys and administrative records as reference indicators. Information used for the extrapolation of each item of consumption expenditue is listed as follows:
1. Food and non-alcoholic beverages:
Imports of food and non-alcoholic beverages from External Merchandise Trade
Statistics, and data on population changes.
2. Alcoholic beverages and tobacco:
Imports of alcoholic beverages from External Merchandise Trade Statistics, and data on changes in population and earnings.
3. Clothing and footwear:
Data on population changes.
4. Housing rental:
Data on changes in the floor area of dwelling units based on the Building and Unit File of DSEC.
5. Electricity, liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, automotive fuels and lubricants:
Data on electricity, liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas from Balance of
Energy, automotive fuels and fuels for household use from the quarterly Retail Sales Survey, less the Government’s subsidy on electricity charges.
6. Domestic and household services:
Data on number of imported domestic helpers and their average earnings.
7. Health services:
Data collected directly from major health service providers through questionnaire.
8. Purchases of vehicles; parts and accessories; maintenance, repair and other services in respect of transport equipment:
Data on number of licensed vehicles, new registration of motor vehicles, candidates for driving tests, etc. from Transport and Communications Statistics;
data on imports of motor vehicles from External Merchandise Trade Statistics; and information provided by related government units on new registration of cars.
9. Transport services:
Data on outbound travel of local residents under own arrangements from quarterly statistics of Package Tours and Hotel Occupancy Rate, number of departures of
by sea and by air; however, the government’s subsidy on busfare has to be deducted.
10. Communications:
Data on imports of telecommunication equipment from Transport and
Communications Statistics and External Merchandise Trade Statistics are used to
compute the expenses on postal, telephone and telefax services and the expenses on related equipment.11. Recreation and culture:
Gaming expenditure is estimated based on data provided by gaming enterprises;
Other expenses on recreation and culture are compiled based on changes in retail sales of electrical appliances from quarterly ressults of Retail Sales Survey, changes in population size and earnings, education statisitcs, administrative information, as well as data on outbound travel of local residents in package tours dervied from quarterly statistics of Package Tours and Hotel Occupancy Rate.
12. Education services:
Statistical data on education, government accounts and administrative information provided by related government units.
13. Meals bought away from home:
Data on population change.
14. Accommodation services:
Data on population change; data on expenditure for accommodation services arranged by local travel agencies or consumed abroad by local residents (paid domestically); data from Visitor Arrival Statistics and Hotel Room Occupancy
Report from Hong Kong Tourism Board.
15. Miscellaneous goods and services:
Data on population size and number of households; changes in earnings and number of residential units; data from Demographic Statistics; changes in retail sales of watches, clocks and jewellery from quarterly results of Retail Sales
Survey; data on the insurance sector and other financial activities provided by
related government units; the accounts of life insurance companies; the government accounts, etc.
Household final consumption expenditure abroad mainly includes outbound travel expenses of residents, expenses of local students studying overseas and amount of FISIM paid by residents from savings and borrowing activities outside Macao. Sources of data include the HBS; Survey on
Expenditure of Overseas Government Offices; Tourism Expenditure Associated to Inbound Tourism from Hong Kong Tourism Board; governmental administrative data on local students
studying abroad; indicators and data on departure and arrival of residents, outbound residents travelling under own arrangements or in package tours from quarterly statistics of Package Toursand Hotel Occupancy Rate; data on quarterly and annual results of Survey on Interest Income/Expense of Financial Sector conducted by related government units, etc.
Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs is compiled according to the total amount of government transfers to these institutions, as shown in the accounts of the government and autonomous agencies; community contributions to non-profit institutions and other income of these institutions. According to the guidelines in the SNA, government transfers to education and medical institutions serving households are government expenditure, such as tuition subsidy, miscellaneous subsidy, medical allowance, etc. Therefore, such transfers are excluded from final consumption expenditure of NPISHs.