The project’s objectives - Planning and delivering Nature-based Solutions in Mediterranean citi

Improve the population’s perception of the importance of biodiversity and its state of degradation;

Facilitate the adoption of good

environmental and agronomic practices by farmers and their families;

Contribute to the resilience of farms and agro-systems by increasing the availability of new resources and improving the sustainability of cropping systems through agroforestry systems;

Raise awareness among the younger generation by distributing an educational game;

Increase beneficial interactions between farmers and stakeholders;

Test a collaborative tool for monitoring and measuring the benefits rendered;

Conserve natural resources such as water.

The project prioritises several actions and techniques that help in the reforestation of the land:

Planting threatened and endangered trees such as the carob (Ceratonia siliqua);

Establishing orchards (with olive and carob trees) and mixed hedges;

Arborising water and soil conservation works;

Creating an environmental club with the pupils of Gousset El Bey primary school;

Mulching cardboard waste, installing irrigation pots.

The skills training, mapping workshops and creation of educational materials planned by the project are a prerequisite for the reintroduction of native species of trees and shrubs in new agroforestry systems, as they are more resilient and better adapted to climate change. The association aims to help in the sustainable creation of environmental corridors around the Oued Tine together with its local, institutional and associative partners from civil society.

These corridors will promote the biodiversity of the fauna and flora of this currently endangered area and will provide additional income for farmers. The population affected by the project is approximately 200 people.

Sustainable alternatives for irrigation through agroforestry

Societal challenges

Climate change / Food security / Water security / Disaster risk / Human health / Economic and social development CRITERIA

1. NbS effectively address societal challenges

INDICATORS DESCRIPTION

1.1 The most pressing societal challenges for rights holders and beneficiaries are prioritised

The project addresses the following societal challenges:

Climate change Biodiversity

Economic and social development.

1.2 The societal challenges

addressed are clearly understood and documented

Yes, the project describes the main challenges of the area.

It is a rural inland area, with the majority of the population working in the agricultural sector. Rural populations face increasing precariousness of income linked to various factors: soil degradation, pollution and salinisation of water and soil, decline of biodiversity, lack of grazable areas, etc. These threats to the ecosystems are associated with significant climate change (including longer heat waves and decreasing rainfall). The natural resources present and already identified from non-wood forest products are: lentisk, prickly pear, honey, zgougou, rush, etc.

The project describes the problems it seeks to solve and the needs it seeks to satisfy: These problems are essentially ecological and agronomic, and the solutions must correspond to the requirements of the farmers concerned, such as increasing family income by reintroducing fruit, forest or fodder tree plantations; making better use of marginal soils with well-adapted plants that tolerate biotic and abiotic stress; and improving their knowledge of the environment, its fragility and its economic potential.

1.3 Human well-being outcomes arising from the NbS are identified, benchmarked and periodically assessed

The CAPTE database analyses social and economic aspects and assesses the living conditions of the local community in order to identify indicators and evaluate the impact of the project at this level.

The local nurseries activity plan provides for the purchase of plants grown on site by community nurseries and by LACT in the second wave of planting, so it will create an extra income for farmers.

ISSUES ADDRESSED

Design at scale

City-wide / District / Urban acupuncture CRITERIA

2. Design of NbS is informed by scale

INDICATORS DESCRIPTION

2.1 Design of NbS recognises and responds to the interactions between the economy, society and ecosystems

Yes, the project is an excellent example of micro-projects with scalability potential and a huge impact.

2.2 Design of NbS is integrated with other complementary interventions and seeks synergies across sectors

Yes, project partners have a presence in the area already, and are working on the same subject:

The National Institute for Rural, Water and Forest Engineering (INRGREF) is carrying out a value chain development project around lentisk production, targeting rural women in the village of Edkhila.

The local INRGREF representative has agreed in principle to pool training resources for rural women deployed in the project area.

GIZ carried out a project to improve yields in the irrigated area near Chouigi.

A partnership agreement has been signed with the Bizerte Regional

Commission for Agricultural Development (CRDA) for it to participate in some tree planting events in the mountains (on the national tree day) and it will help the project with technical support for training sessions.

Other activities taking place in the area that are run by Les Amis de Capte are:

– Bizerte lake: participating in the integrated depollution of Bizerte lagoon by planting extensive orchards of carob trees and prickly pears in particular (sequential agroforestry), wind erosion hedges and wadi afforestation.

– Dougga ruins: planting mixed orchards of almond, olive, carob and fodder hedges (tree alfalfa, Leucaena and mulberry trees) as conservation agriculture.

INDICATORS DESCRIPTION 2.3 Design of NbS incorporates risk

identification and risk management beyond the intervention site

Yes, the project is an excellent example of micro-projects with scalability potential and a huge impact.

ISSUES ADDRESSED

Biodiversity net-gain

CRITERIA

3. NbS result in net gain to biodiversity and ecosystem integrity

INDICATORS DESCRIPTION

3.1 NbS actions directly respond to evidence-based assessment of the current state of the ecosystem and prevailing drivers of degradation and loss

Training activities are very much oriented towards local agro-forestry management, which in turn contributes to biodiversity conservation and enhancement:

– Training in the “discovery and identification of NWFP (non-wood forest product) species generating income and indicators of biodiversity”, organised in situ comprising a field trip in the morning and an afternoon of discussion and feedback.

– Training in the “sustainable management of forest and agroforestry resources”, studying NWFPs present in the area (lentisk, prickly pears, rush, tamarisk etc.);

– Training in the “transformation of local resources”, focusing on species identified by local people, jointly organised with partner associations with proven experience;

– Training in “good practice for planting agroforestry trees”, technical training in successfully planting trees in this context;

– Training in the “use and management of the monitoring platform”, training for stakeholders to adopt the platform;

– Training in the sustainable management of a nursery of native species.

3.2 Clear and measurable biodiversity conservation outcomes are identified, benchmarked and periodically assessed

ndicators for local biodiversity evaluation have been defined. The project provides for three field surveys: the first before planting in order to collect data about the system to be achieved and to determine the involvement of beneficiaries, the second in the middle of the project to measure the degree of satisfaction and to assess the progress of the project and the changes made, and the last to assess the degree of perception of climate change by farmers and measure the impact of the project. After each survey, the data are analysed and conclusions are drawn, and that allows decision making to be adapted to the goals to be achieved.

3.3 Monitoring includes periodic assessments of unintended adverse consequences for nature arising from the NbS

Three sets of monitoring surveys have been set up (see point 3.2. above).

3.4 Opportunities to enhance ecosystem integrity and connectivity are identified and incorporated into the NbS strategy

Ecosystem connectivity through ecological corridors for the enhancement of biodiversity is definitely at the core of this project.

Days of exchange and capitalization

Economic feasibility

CRITERIA

4. NbS are economically viable

INDICATORS DESCRIPTION

4.1 The direct and indirect benefits and costs associated with the NbS, who pays and who benefits, are identified and documented

By planting trees and establishing agroforestry systems, the association, with the participation of the local population, will contribute to improving the resilience of farms to climate change and the restoration of agroecosystems. The establishment of hedges and thickets can reduce erosion (because bare land can lose between 11 and 86 tonnes of soil / ha / year) and limit bad agricultural practices, increasing the profitability and sustainability of farms.

The training and awareness-raising work will enable the local population to better identify the existing forest species in the region, to enhance their value and process them, which will generate additional sources of income.

The establishment of communal plantation sites, the installation of mini-nurseries and the monitoring and evaluation of the plantations will generate work for young people in the region.

4.2 A cost-effectiveness study is provided to support the choice of NbS including the likely impact of any relevant regulations and subsidies

No evidence found during the evaluation.

4.3 The effectiveness of the NbS design is justified against available alternative solutions, taking into account any associated externalities

No evidence found during the evaluation.

However, it is worth mentioning that this project allows the association to propose solutions for farmers to adapt to the effects of climate change. These solutions are the result of collective work between association members and the local communities. They also depend on the support of institutions and of experts in the identification and mapping of indigenous forest species in the region, and the study of economic and agronomic challenges and opportunities for the identification of species to plant.

These interactions will improve the technical skills of the association, especially in terms of the choice of species according to the various parameters involved.

As part of a questionnaire given to the local communities, the initial state of perceptions, knowledge of the environment and training needs will be noted, then awareness workshops will assess the improvement in local people’s knowledge of topics related to the conservation of biodiversity and the proper management of ecosystem services.

To conclude, the association and its partners will improve their skills in terms of: i) project management, ii) surveying and mapping, iii) educational and fun games, iv) monitoring and management of plantations, and v) evaluation of ecosystem services.

4.4 NbS design considers a portfolio of resourcing options such as market-based, public sector, voluntary commitments and actions to support regulatory compliance

There is a specific mechanism in place. The local community has formalised its involvement in the project as evidenced by the number of existing partnerships and the number of agreements signed.

The people concerned will be consulted during the mapping process.

An association for the promotion of apiculture has been created by the local community within the project: thanks to CAPTE’s contact with the youth of the region, making them aware of environmental responsibility and local development, these young people have been influenced and have decided to take action. Their bee-keeping group will be a partner in the association’s future projects and it will ensure that the impacts of these projects will be sustainable.

It will validate the feedback from these surveys and the proposed training plan.

The steering and monitoring-evaluation committee will include representatives from the community.

Direct and indirect beneficiaries will participate in the implementation of activities and training. The activities and training will take place mainly locally.

Finally, LACT provided support for an end-of-study project by a student from the agricultural school in Mateur entitled “The role of crop associations in an agroforestry context: a strategy to improve soil fertility”. This student was from the region and he was properly supervised and accompanied in the field to take the soil samples.

Two partnership agreements were signed by two farmers in the project area at the beginning of the project, but currently the association has 17 partnership agreements for the planting work and they are aiming for 30 partnership agreements by the end of the project.

ISSUES ADDRESSED

Inclusive governance

CRITERIA

5. NbS are based on inclusive, transparent and empowering governance processes

INDICATORS DESCRIPTION

5.1 A defined and fully agreed upon feedback and grievance resolution mechanism is available to all stakeholders before an NbS intervention can be initiated

Yes, regarding community involvement, the results of the diagnostic survey of the local communities define training needs.

A training plan is then approved by the steering committee.

Part of the training will be carried out jointly with partners (Tunisian Association for Environmental Agriculture [ATAE], INRGREF and the local association called The Golden Bee).

A gender-sensitive attendance list and an evaluation questionnaire will be offered to participants.

Training awareness cooperation: the association organised several meetings with its partners, institutions and volunteers.The association also participates in the activities of the ATAE, which disseminates good practice in environmental farming (e.g. mixture cropping (plantation de méteil), carob value chain), raising awareness among more than 50 people.

International solidarity workcamps: the association organised more than a dozen international solidarity workcamps for tree planting involving around 20 volunteers.

5.2 Participation is based on mutual respect and equality, regardless of gender, age or social status, and upholds the right of Indigenous Peoples to Free Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC)

In the project the following organisations participate as technical partners:

ATAE, with which a multi-year agreement has been signed;

INRGREF, project aimed at rural women for the development of the value chain in Edkhila (agreement in principle on cooperation).

The following were financial partners at the beginning of project:

–SAS Capte (technical and financial support: 13%);

–Bizerte CRDA (technical support: 2%);

–The General Directorate of Forests (DGF) (technical support: 2%);

–INGREF (technical support for training: 2%);

–ATAE (expertise and logistics: 2%);

–The local communities (technical and logistical support: 2%).

Two other financial partners joined later:

– The Swiss Embassy in Tunisia, providing additional funding for the pot irrigation project.

– The Tunisian company Sotipapier, as part of its “Sotipapier is committed”

CSR programme.

5.3 Stakeholders who are directly and indirectly affected by the NbS have been identified and involved in all processes of the NbS intervention

Direct beneficiaries of the project:

–30 farmers;

–Families of partner farmers (80 people);

– Young people moving towards additional income-generating activities (10 young people);

– Two primary or secondary schools in the villages concerned (between 60 and 90 pupils).

Indirect beneficiaries of the project:

–Agricultural workers required for planting sites (approx. 10 people);

–Families of school students (approx. 30 families);

–Rural women involved in the lentisk value chain in Edkhila (approx. 10 women);

–People reached by communication actions (approx. 50 people);

– Local educational institutions that can disseminate the educational game (2 institutions).

5.4 Decision-making processes document and respond to the rights and interests of all participating and affected stakeholders

Yes

5.5 Where the scale of the NbS extends beyond jurisdictional boundaries, mechanisms are established to enable joint decision making by the stakeholders in those jurisdictions affected by the NbS

Environmental corridors in Oued Tine valley are located between the governorates of Bizerte and Manouba in north-eastern Tunisia.

A steering committee has been established, made up of experts, partners and representatives of the beneficiary population in both governorates, to ensure the technical quality of the actions implemented; this committee has already met twice to discuss the progress of the projects and the gaps to be filled and to share the proposals concerning the next activities.

Balance trade-offs

CRITERIA

6. NbS equitably balance trade-offs between achievement of their primary goal(s) and the continued provision of multiple benefits

INDICATORS DESCRIPTION

6.1 The potential costs and benefits of associated trade-offs of the NbS intervention are explicitly acknowledged and inform safeguards and any appropriate corrective actions

The potentially negative consequences of the project have been identified and documented.

For example, tree planting on nomadic grazing areas can generate tensions between different sets of farmers due to the temporary protection of the areas where the trees will be introduced.

The diagnostic survey of the local communities and the role of the monitoring and evaluation committee will make it possible to avoid this problem by inviting stakeholders to decide whether the proposals to be presented are realistic and by validating the proposed mapping.

6.2 The rights to, usage of and access to land and resources, along with the responsibilities of different stakeholders are acknowledged and respected

Yes, the agreements signed by the beneficiary farmers are very clear about this issue.

6.3 Established safeguards are periodically reviewed to ensure that mutually agreed trade-off limits are respected and do not destabilise the entire NbS

No evidence found during the evaluation.

ISSUES ADDRESSED

Adaptive management

CRITERIA

7. NbS are managed adaptively, based on evidence

INDICATORS DESCRIPTION

7.1 An NbS strategy is established and used as a basis for regular monitoring and evaluation of the intervention

The steering committee that has been established, made up of experts, partners and representatives of the beneficiaries, will ensure the technical quality of the implemented actions. It will meet four times during the course of the project and will deliver an advisory opinion. A monitoring-evaluation committee made up of the association, farmers and technical partners will meet every two months during the project period and will assess the progress of the implementation of activities, in particular the nursery, and if necessary make decisions to ensure the objectives are achieved. All of the partners will have access to the plantation monitoring tool to monitor the plantations. Three half-yearly technical and financial reports will be provided, and 1 final report will be sent to the PPI-OSCAN national coordinator within 6 months of the end of the project.

Quantified and verifiable results to be achieved at the end of the project:

–1 map produced, validated and distributed to partners;

–The local community (approx. 200 people) is aware and trained;

–30 collaboration agreements for tree planting will be formalised;

–About ten native and other species will be introduced;

– 1 tool for monitoring and measuring the benefits of the plantations will be tested and shared;

–1 steering committee and 1 monitoring and evaluation committee will be set up.

7.2 A monitoring and evaluation plan is developed and implemented throughout the intervention lifecycle

Monitoring and evaluation has been specified and constitutes one of the key elements of the project. The steering committee will monitor and evaluate the actions carried out within the framework of its semi-annual meetings. It will be kept informed of the progress of activities by the monitoring and evaluation committee on a bi-monthly basis.

INDICATORS DESCRIPTION 7.3 A framework for iterative learning

that enables adaptive management is applied throughout the intervention lifecycle

This project allows the association to propose solutions for farmers to adapt to the effects of climate change. These solutions are the result of collective work between association members and the local communities. They also depend on the support of institutions and of experts in the identification and mapping of indigenous forest species in the region, and the study of economic and agronomic challenges and opportunities for the identification of species to plant.

These interactions will improve the technical skills of the association, especially in terms of the choice of species according to the various parameters involved.

To conclude, the association and its partners will improve their skills in terms of:

i) project management, ii) surveying and mapping, iii) education, iv) monitoring and management of plantations, and v) evaluation of ecosystem services.

ISSUES ADDRESSED

Mainstreaming

CRITERIA

8. NbS are sustainable and mainstreamed within an appropriate jurisdictional context

INDICATORS DESCRIPTION

8.1 NbS design, implementation and lessons learnt are shared to trigger

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