• 沒有找到結果。

Chapter 5 Assessment

5.5 Public Assessment

108

Module: Compulsory Part – module A “ Information Processing”

Learning outcome: Students should be able to design and give a presentation incorporating multi-media elements.

Task: Students have to design and construct a multi-media presentation to promote Hong Kong to potential tourists. They need to decide how to incorporate different multi-media elements into the presentation to convey their ideas most effectively. They should demonstrate an understanding of the principles of effective presentation of information in both the process of learning and the final product.

Criteria for ongoing assessment: The teacher informs students about the criteria for a successful presentation:

(a) It caters clearly for the background of the target audience.

(b) It presents multi-media information to the audience in an effective way.

Feedback for ongoing assessment: Each group of students participates in group discussion and shares drafts of their presentations for feedback and critique. They also submit a first draft to the teacher for comment. The teacher discusses the draft with students to check their understanding of the principles of effective presentation of information. The final drafts are submitted with self-evaluations that the teacher includes as part of the final grades.

109

(c) Inclusiveness

The assessments and examinations in the HKDSE need to accommodate the full spectrum of student aptitude and ability. In the Elective Part of ICT, there are four options, from which students choose one depending on their abilities, interests and needs.

(d) Standards-referencing

The reporting system is ‘standard-referenced’, i.e. student performance is matched against standards, which indicate what students have to know and be able to do to merit a certain level of performance.

(e) Informativeness

The HKDSE qualification and the associated assessment and examinations system provide useful information to all parties. Firstly, it provides feedback to students on their performance and to teachers and schools on the quality of the teaching provided. Secondly, it communicates to parents, tertiary institutions, employers and the public at large what it is that students know and are able to do, in terms of how their performance matches the standards. Thirdly, it facilitates selection decisions that are fair and defensible.

5.5.2 Assessment Design

The table below shows the assessment design of the subject with effect from the 2016 HKDSE Examination. The assessment design is subject to continual refinement in the light of feedback from live examinations. Full details are provided in the Regulations and Assessment Frameworks for the year of the examination and other supplementary documents,

which are available on the HKEAA website

(www.hkeaa.edu.hk/en/hkdse/assessment/assessment_framework/).

Component Weighting Duration

Public examination

Paper 1 Compulsory Part 55% 2 hours

Paper 2 Elective Part (choose one only) 2A Databases elective

2B Data Communications and Networking elective

2C Multimedia Production and Web Site Development elective

2D Software Development elective

25% 1½ hours

School-based Assessment (SBA) 20%

110

5.5.3 Public Examinations

In the public examination for the ICT curriculum, a standards-referenced approach will be adopted for grading and reporting student performance.

Different types of items are used to assess students’ performance in a broad range of skills and abilities. The types of items include multiple-choice questions and structured data-response questions. Schools may refer to the live examination papers regarding the format of the examination and the standards at which the questions are pitched.

5.5.4 School-based Assessment (SBA)

In the context of public assessment, SBA refers to assessments administered in schools and marked by the student’s own teachers. The primary rationale for SBA in ICT is to enhance the validity of the assessment by including the whole range of dimensions of learning in the curriculum: knowledge and understanding, generic skills and practical skills.

There are, however, some additional reasons for SBA in ICT. For example, it reduces dependence on the results of public examinations, which may not always provide the most reliable indication of the actual abilities of candidates. Assessments based on student performance over an extended period of time and developed by those who know the students best – their subject teachers – provides a more reliable assessment of each student.

Another reason for including SBA is to promote a positive “backwash effect” on students, teachers and school staff. Within ICT, SBA can serve to motivate students by requiring them to engage in meaningful activities; and for teachers, it can reinforce curriculum aims and good teaching practice, and provide structure and significance to an activity they are in any case involved in on a daily basis, namely assessing their own students.

For the 2016 to 2017 HKDSE Examinations, in the SBA, students are required to complete a project, with teacher guidance. The context of the project is related to both the Compulsory Part and the Elective Part chosen by individual students. Teachers are encouraged to inform students of the assessment criteria/guidelines before they start the project, and to provide regular feedback to them on ways to improve their learning. The project should be assessed on the following aspects:

 Design and implementation

 Testing and evaluation

 Conclusion and discussion

 Project management.

With effect from the 2018 HKDSE Examination, in the SBA, students are required to complete two guided tasks focusing on ‘Design and Implementation’ and ‘Testing and Evaluation’ in the development of an information system. The context of the guided tasks is related to both the Compulsory Part and the Elective Part chosen by individual students.

Teachers are encouraged to inform students of the assessment criteria/guidelines before they start the guided tasks, and to provide regular feedback to them on ways to improve their learning.

Thirty hours of curriculum time have been allocated for SBA. While teachers should give students advice and guidance on their work, it is essential that each piece of work is clearly

111

that of individual students. Very often, skills for completing SBA can be integrated into daily learning and teaching activities without imposing much extra workload on students and teachers. The following example is intended to illustrate this point.

Example 1 – Project skills incorporated into lessons Module: Basic Programming Concepts

Topic: Algorithm Design

Knowledge/generic skills to be assessed:

i) Outline the input and output requirements of a problem

ii) Design and construct standard algorithms involving basic control structures Activity description:

In a timed learning task, students are required to design an examination score calculator program to fulfil the following requirements.

It should:

 let students input their examination scores by subject

 assign a grade based on the score of each subject

 calculate the average examination score

 output the above results on screen.

Note

Upon completion of the task, students should document the solution for presentation to the class later. In solving the problem, students will go through the following steps, with teacher guidance:

 Problem identification

 Problem analysis

 Algorithm design

 Implementation

 Testing and debugging

 Documentation.

During the process, students are actually acquiring the essential project skills for completing their ICT coursework assessment, which include:

 Problem-solving skills

 Time-management skills

 Documentation skills

 Presentation skills.

It should be noted that SBA is not an “add-on” element in the curriculum. The modes of SBA above are normal in-class and out-of-class activities suggested in the curriculum. The requirement to implement the SBA has taken into consideration the wide range of student ability, and efforts have been made to avoid unduly increasing the workload of both teachers and students. Detailed information on the requirements and implementation of the SBA and samples of assessment tasks are provided to teachers by the HKEAA.

112

5.5.5 Standards and Reporting of Results

Standards-referenced reporting is adopted for the HKDSE. What this means is that candidates’ levels of performance are reported with reference to a set of standards as defined by cut scores on the mark scale for a given subject. Standards referencing relates to the way in which results are reported and does not involve any changes in how teachers or examiners mark student work. The set of standards for a given subject can be represented diagrammatically as shown in Figure 5.1.

Figure 5.1 Defining levels of performance via cut scores on the mark scale for a given subject

Within the context of the HKDSE there are five cut scores, which are used to distinguish five levels of performance (1–5), with 5 being the highest. A performance below the cut score for Level 1 is labelled as ‘Unclassified’ (U).

For each of the five levels, a set of written descriptors has been developed to describe what the typical candidate performing at this level is able to do. The principle behind these descriptors is that they describe what typical candidates can do, not what they cannot do. In other words, they describe performance in positive rather than negative terms. These descriptors represent ‘on-average’ statements and may not apply precisely to individuals, whose performance within a subject may be variable and span two or more levels. Samples of students’ work at various levels of attainment are provided to illustrate the standards expected of them. These samples, when used together with the level descriptors, will clarify the standards expected at the various levels of attainment.

In setting standards for the HKDSE, Levels 4 and 5 are set with reference to the standards achieved by students awarded grades A–D in the HKALE. It needs to be stressed, however, that the intention is that the standards will remain constant over time – not the percentages awarded different levels, as these are free to vary in line with variations in overall student performance. Referencing Levels 4 and 5 to the standards associated with the old grades A–D is important for ensuring a degree of continuity with past practice, for facilitating tertiary selection and for maintaining international recognition.

The overall level awarded to each candidate is made up of results in both the public examination and the SBA. SBA results for ICT are statistically moderated to adjust for differences among schools in marking standards, while preserving the rank ordering of students as determined by the school.

To provide finer discrimination for selection purposes, the Level 5 candidates with the best performance have their results annotated with the symbols ** and the next top group with the symbol *. The HKDSE certificate itself records the Level awarded to each candidate.

5 3

2 1

U 4

Cut scores

Mark scale

113

相關文件