Chapter 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5.3 Research limitations and Future research
This study has made contribution to the literature in innovation management by analyzing relationship between OI and reverse knowledge sharing in the context of SMEs.
Yet this study is subject to some limitations —some of which, however, offer opportunities for future research. It is important to consider the generalizations of the findings. The SMEs that were participated in this survey operated their business in Vietnam, hence the findings might be country-specific. More studies of OI in other developing countries are thus welcome. Also, the examination whether the results remain the same in developed economies might be a worthwhile avenue for future research. Comparative studies in different countries need to be further investigated to get a more complete picture of correlation between OI and reverse knowledge sharing. In particular, the comparative research across various countries can provide better understanding of impact of different cultures on the OP model. The small sample size (N=45) also poses particular challenges to the generalization of the results. A larger sample size will be better to become a representative group for a broader business community. The missing data in control variables including product innovation, commercialized product and intellectual property can be significant obstacle in finding meaningful relationships among variables. A larger sample size with complete database could be a possibly fruitful avenue for future research.
One of the possible reasons why reverse knowledge sharing is not a significant moderator between positive correlation between OI and firm performance is national context.
Therefore, environmental factors should be considered as a potentially new variable in the framework for the future research. Absorptive capacity is also portrayed as a potential moderator in the relationship between OI and SME performance.
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Appendix A Questionnaire Cover Letter in English
Dear Sir/Madam,
I, Tang Due Au am undertaking a research project for Master Thesis entitled “OI, Reverse Knowledge Sharing and SMEs' Performance”.
OI is defined as the use of both internal and external sources like intellectual properties, technologies, etc to create and commercialize products, services or processes. Reverse knowledge sharing is the purposive movement of different sources from external stakeholders (customer, competitor, government agency, university) to an enterprise after this enterprise shares its own knowledge.
I am trying to determine the important roles of OI and reverse knowledge sharing to small and medium sized enterprises' (SMEs) performance in Vietnam. I also focus on the essential roles played by different external stakeholders within SMEs' context.
All information will be analyzed by Tang Due Au. No other party will have access to any of the data from this questionnaire. Data will be used for my own research purposes and will not be used for any other purposes.
Please complete this questionnaire regarding your habits and attitudes towards your future business development, and then email it back. I will be certain to report the summary results of this research to you in the hope that they will be of value in your enterprise performance.
Should you have any queries or comments regarding to this survey, you are welcome to phone me on +886.975.547.232 or you can email me at tangau7888@gmail.com
My first academic supervisor for this research is Professor and Vice President for Academic Affairs of I-Shou University Julia Lin and my second one is Associate Professor at Department Business Administration of Cheng Shiu University Fu-Sheng Tsai.
Thank you for taking time to complete this task.
Sincerely, Tang Due Au
Appendix B Questionnaire in English
1. What of the following types describe your enterprise? (Circle one answer only, please) a. Private enterprise
b. State enterprise
c. Foreign invested enterprise
d. Other (please specify): ………
2. Number of employee (Circle one answer only , please ) a. Less than 10 (Micro)
b. 10-49 (Small) c. 50-299 (Medium) d. More than 300 (Large)
3. Which of the following industries describe your main economic activities?
(Circle one answer only, please)
4. How long have you worked at company? (Circle one answer only, please) a. Less than 6 months
b. 6 months – 1 year c. 1 year -3 years d. 3-5 years
e. More than 5 years
5. Which of the following best describes your position here? (Circle one answer only, please) a. Management board
b. Project management c. Secretary
d. Accountant
e. Other (please specify): ………
6. If your enterprise has R&D activities, please indicate your R&D expenditure as a % of total assets: (Circle one answer only , please)
a. Less than 1% b. 1% - 2.9% c. 3% - 4.9%
d. 5% - 9.9% e. 10% - 19.9% f. 20% and above
7. How many products (good & services) your company has produced for the last three years?
...
8. How many goods & services your company has developed commercially into the market for the last three years? ……….………..
9. How many intellectual properties (copyright, trademark, patent, registered design, etc) your company has developed for the last three years? …..…….………...
Question 10 – 13: How would you rate the following items according to your firm performance level when compared to your industry? The score represent the degree of truth ranging from the lowest (1) to the highest (7). Please circle your answer using the following 7-point scale where (Circle one option only in each of the columns)
Question 14- 19: How is your organization’s relationship with external stakeholders? Please circle your answer using the following 7-point scale where (Circle one option only in each of the columns)
Question 20 – 32: How would you rate the degree of inflow of knowledge after you share your own knowledge about each of the following aspects? Please circle your answer using the following 7-point scale where (Circle one option only in each of the columns)
1 = The lowest 2 = Very low 3 = Low
Question 33 – 40: How would you rate the following items according to your organization’s situation?
The score represent the degree of truth ranging from the lowest (1) to the highest (7). Please circle your answer using the following 7-point scale where (Mark one option only in each of the columns)
1 = The lowest 2 = Very low 3 = Low
4 = Moderate 5 = High 6 = Very high
7 = The highest
33. Your organization started up new business unit based on your current technological and/or managerial knowledge bases.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
34. Your organization offered licenses to external organizations to better profit from your intellectual property (e.g., patents, registration of design, copyrights or trademarks).
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
35. Your organization leveraged the knowledge from employees who are not involved in R&D, for example by taking up suggestions, exempting them to implement idea, or creating autonomous teams to realize innovations.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
36. Your organization directly involved customers in your innovation process, for example, by doing research about their needs or developing products based on customers’ specifications.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
37. Your organization draws on or collaborates with external network partners to support internal innovation processes.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
38. Your organization made equity investments in external enterprises in order to gain access to their knowledge or resources for your innovation.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
39. Your organization bought R&D services from universities, research institutions, or commercial engineers.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
40. Your organization bought or used external intellectual property, (e.g., patents, copyrights or trademarks).
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Personal Information
What is your company’s name? .………
What is your name? ...
What is your e-mail? ………
Appendix C Questionnaire Cover Letter in Vietnam
Kính gửi Quý Công Ty,
Tôi là Tăng Duệ Âu. Tôi đang học Thạc sĩ ngành Quản trị kinh doanh quốc tế tại Đại học I-Shou, Thành phố Cao Hùng, Đài Loan. Tôi đang thực hiện đề tài nghiên cứu có tên “OI, reverse knowledge sharing and SME performance”, được dịch là “Đổi mới mở, sự trao đổi tri thức và hoạt động của các doanh nghiệp vừa và nhỏ (DNVVN)”.
Appendix D Questionnaire in Vietnam
Câu 7: Số lượng hàng hóa và dịch vụ (Ví dụ: hàng hóa A, dịch vụ D) công ty anh/chị đã phát triển được trong 3 năm trở lại đây? ……….
Câu 8: Số lượng hàng hóa và dịch vụ mới (Ví dụ: hàng hóa A, dịch vụ D) công ty anh/chị đã giới thiệu vào thị trường trong 3 năm trở lại đây? ………..
Câu 9: Tổng số lượng sở hữu trí tuệ (Ví dụ: bằng sáng chế, bản quyền, nhãn hiệu) công ty anh/chị đã phát triển được trong 3 năm trở lại đây? ………
Câu 10-13: Anh/chị đánh giá như thế nào về mức độ hoạt động của công ty theo từng mục dưới đây sau khi so sánh với các doanh nghiệp cạnh tranh?
(Vui lòng đánh vào 1 số tương ứng mức độ đánh giá của anh/chị theo từng mục)
1 = Thấp nhất 2 = Rất thấp 3 = Thấp
4 = Trung bình 5 = Cao 6 = Rất cao
7 = Cao nhất
10. Tỉ lệ lợi nhuận trên doanh thu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
11. Tỉ lệ lợi nhuận ròng trên tài sản 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
12. Việc tạo ra các sản phẩm và dịch vụ mới 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
13. Tăng trưởng doanh thu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Câu 14-19: Đánh giá về mối quan hệ của công ty với các nhóm hữu quan bên ngoài được liệt kê dưới đây?
(Vui lòng đánh vào 1 số tương ứng mức độ đánh giá cuả anh/chị theo từng mục)
1 = Thấp nhất 2 = Rất thấp 3 = Thấp
4 = Trung bình 5 = Cao 6 = Rất cao
7 = Cao nhất
14. Khách hàng 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
15. Nhà cung cấp 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
16. Doanh nghiệp cạnh tranh 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
17. Cơ quan nhà nước 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
18. Tổ chức trung gian (Ví dụ: Dịch vụ hậu cần) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
19. Viện nghiên cứu, trường đại học 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Câu 20-32: Anh/chị đánh giá như thế nào về mức độ của việc thu hồi tri thức theo các nhóm
Câu 35: Đánh giá về mức độ thúc đẩy việc tạo ra tri thức bởi các nhân viên không làm việc trong các hoạt động nghiên cứu và phát triển (R&D) của công ty?
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Câu 36: Đánh giá về mức độ tham gia trực tiếp của người tiêu dùng trong quá trình đổi mới của công ty?
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Câu 37: Đánh giá về mức độ hợp tác của công ty anh/chị với các đối tác bên ngoài nhằm hỗ trợ quá trình đổi mới?
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Câu 38: Đánh giá về mức độ đầu tư hợp lý của công ty anh/chị trong các doanh nghiệp khác nhằm tiếp cận các nguồn tri thức để hỗ trợ quá trình đổi mới?
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Câu 39: Đánh giá về mức độ các dịch vụ nghiên cứu và phát triển (R&D services) mà công ty anh/chị đã mua quyền sử dụng từ các viện nghiên cứu, trường đại học?
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Câu 40: Đánh giá về mức độ mua bán hoặc sử dụng quyền sở hữu trí tuệ (Ví dụ: Bằng sáng chế, bản quyền, nhãn hiệu) ở bên ngoài công ty?
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ANH/CHỊ XIN VUI LÒNG CHO BIẾT MỘT VÀI THÔNG TIN CÁ NHÂN
-Tên công ty anh/chị đang làm việc là gì? ………
- Tên anh/chị là:
(Câu trả lời giúp cho người nghiên cứu biết cách xưng hô khi gửi bản kết quả)
………
- E-mail của anh/chị là:
(Kết quả khảo sát sẽ gửi trực tiếp đến bạn qua e-mail này)
………