Steve Jobs - Resource Kit on Inspirational Speeches

Promoting Positive Values and Attitudes through English Sayings of Wisdom (SOW) SOW Speech Series –

Featured SOW: “Stay hungry, stay foolish”

from the speech by Steve Jobs⁵ delivered at Stanford University

A. Watch the speech delivered by Steve Jobs and answer the following questions. You may use these keywords: Steve Jobs, Stanford Commencement Address 2005 to find a video of the speech on YouTube.

1. (i) How many stories in his life did Steve Jobs share in his speech?

(ii) What is each story about? Write the appropriate letters in the boxes.

Story 1 a. death

Story 2 b. connecting the dots

Story 3 c. love and loss

2. What is the overall tone of the speech? You can choose more than one answer.

A. sarcastic B. reflective

C. nostalgic A B C D

D. encouraging    

3. Why does the speaker ask the students to “Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.” at the end of his speech?

5⁵ Steve Jobs (1955 – 2011) was the CEO and co-founder of Apple and Pixar and one of the most successful entrepreneurs in history. This commencement address with Jobs’ own life stories is one of the most watched speeches worldwide.

4. Which of the following public speaking techniques did Steve Jobs use in his speech to engage and appeal to the audience? You can choose more than one answer.

A. quoting from famous and authoritative figures using B. personal stories and anecdotes

C. humour (e.g. self-deprecation) A B C D

D. ending with an inspiring and memorable line    

B. Read the script of the Steve Jobs’ speech to answer the questions that follow:

[1] I am honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. Truth be told, I never graduated from college and this is the closest I’ve ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life.

That’s it. No big deal. Just three stories.

[2] The first story is about connecting the dots.

[3] I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?

[4] It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking:

“We’ve got an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?” They said: “Of course.” My biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would go to college. This was the start in my life.

[5] And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents’ savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn’t see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn’t interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.

[6] It wasn’t all romantic. I didn’t have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends’

rooms, I returned Coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:

[7] Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country.

Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn’t have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and sans serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can’t capture, and I found it fascinating.

[8] None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But 10 years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, it’s likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards 10 years later.

[9] Again, you can’t connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something—your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. Because believing that the dots will connect down the road will give you the confidence to follow your heart. Even when it leads you off the well-worn path, and that will make all the difference.

[10] My second story is about love and loss.

[11] I was lucky—I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents’ garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4,000 employees. We had just released our finest creation—the Macintosh—a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him, and so at 30, I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.

[12] I really didn’t know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down—that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley.

But something slowly began to dawn on me—I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.

[13] I didn’t see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.

[14] During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the world’s first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple’s current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.

[15] I’m pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn’t been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don’t lose faith. I’m convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You’ve got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking and don’t settle. As with all matters of the heart, you’ll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking. Don’t settle.

[16] My third story is about death.

[17] When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: “If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you’ll most certainly be right.” It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: “If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?” And whenever the answer has been “No” for too many days in a row, I know I need

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to change something.

[18] Remembering that I’ll be dead soon is the most important tool I’ve ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything—all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure—these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.

[19] About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn’t even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor’s code for prepare to die. It means to try and tell your kids everything you thought you’d have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.

[20] I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery.

I had the surgery and thankfully I’m fine now.

[21] This was the closest I’ve been to facing death, and I hope it’s the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:

[22] No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don’t want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because death is very likely the single best invention of life. It is life’s change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.

[23] Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life. Don’t be trapped by dogma—which is living with the results of other people’s thinking. Don’t let the noise of

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others’ opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.

[24] When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors and Polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along. It was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.

[25] Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: “Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.” It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.

[26] Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.

1. What did Steve Jobs mean when he used the phrase “connecting the dots” in his first story?

2. Identify the rhetorical devices used in the following lines of the second story and the effects achieved. Fill in the letters in the appropriate boxes. One letter is not used.

Rhetorical device Effect created

A. contrast F. to highlight the features of something through B. metaphor comparing it to another object with similar

C. simile characteristics

D. repetition G

to reinforce a message E. rhetorical question H

to create humour and comical effects and engage the audience

I. to emphasise the differences of two ideas/things

Lines Rhetorical

device

Effect created (i) And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company

you started? (lines 56-57)

(ii) The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again. (lines 71-72)

(iii )

It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it.

(lines 80-81)

(iv) And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking. Don’t settle. As with all matters of the heart, you’ll know when you find it… So keep looking until you find it. Don’t settle. (lines 85-88)

3. (i) In which story [i.e. (1) connecting the dots (2) love and loss (3) death] did Steve Jobs say the following lines?

(ii) Which quote would you use to offer advice to your friends who have the following problems in life:

(iii) Which of the three quotes above is the most inspiring to you? Think of an incident or experience in your life when you find the quote useful and relevant.

your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. ( ) (a) It was awful tasting

medicine, but I guess the patient needed it.

Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don’t lose faith. ( )

(b) Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life. Don’t be trapped by dogma.

Don’t let the noise of others’

opinion drawn out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. ( )

I don’t know what I want in my life, which subject to study in university and what career to pursue.

My mum thinks I can be a doctor, my best friend is going to law school but all I love is music. ( )

I have always wanted to start my online business, but now I find that it is easier said than done. Having been a YouTuber trying to produce videos to promote my products for 6 months, I don’t seem to see any growth in the traffic and number of subscribers. I lose heart! ( )

4. Each of Steve Jobs’ stories illustrates some positive qualities, values and attitudes. Choose the story that touches you the most and explain the positive values you have learnt from it.

Some examples of values and attitudes are provided in the table below:

gratitude/appreciation hope and optimism resilience perseverance courage resourcefulness proactivity passion and love for life

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