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Resource Kit on Inspirational Speeches

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Student version

Promoting Positive Values and Attitudes through English Sayings of Wisdom (SOW)

Resource Kit on Inspirational Speeches

© English Language Education Section

Curriculum Development Institute Education Bureau

HKSAR, 2021 All rights reserved

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English Language Education Section Curriculum Development Institute

Education Bureau

The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

12/F, Wu Chung House, 213 Queen’s Road East, Wan Chai, Hong Kong Published 2021

All rights reserved. The copyright of the materials in the resource kit, other than those listed in the Acknowledgements section, belongs to the Education Bureau of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

Duplication of materials in this resource kit other than those listed in the Acknowledgments section is restricted to non-profit making educational purposes only. Otherwise, no part of these materials may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of the Education Bureau of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

© 2021

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Content

Preface II

Acknowledgements III

Nick Vujicic 1

Sundar Pichai 11

Jeff Bezos 21

Denzel Washington 31

Steve Jobs 41

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Preface

Promoting Positive Values and Attitudes through English Sayings of Wisdom (SOW) – Inspirational Speeches is a resource kit produced by the English Language Education Section, Curriculum Development Institute, Education Bureau, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, in support of the cross-curricular campaign “Promoting Positive Values and Attitudes through English Sayings of Wisdom (SOW)”. Learning and teaching materials are developed based on 5 selected speeches to promote positive values and attitudes, and enhance students’ understanding of public speaking skills and creative use of English through appreciating speeches in the English Language classroom.

Aims of the Resource Kit This resource kit aims to:

 facilitate the development of positive values and attitudes through appreciating and reflecting on the selected speeches,

 enhance students’ knowledge on public speaking skills (e.g. using rhetorical questions and telling personal stories), and

 provide opportunities for students to appreciate the creative use of the language in public speeches.

Suggested Levels

 Key Stage 3 (Secondary 1 to 3)

 Key Stage 4 (Secondary 4 to 6)

How can the resource kit be used?

This resource kit contains 5 selected speeches. Each set of materials consists of two parts:

Part A: Students watch the video of the speech and answer questions on the global understanding of it.

Part B: Students read the transcript of the speech and answer questions with reference to it.

This resource kit is available in both PDF and MS WORD formats for ease of use and adaptation.

Teachers might like to select and use the materials in this resource kit or adapt them to suit their students’ needs, interests and abilities.

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III

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Acknowledgements

The following images are used or reproduced under the Creative Commons Licenses:

- “File:CBR-AIA-Nick-Vujicic-021916-0252.jpg” by HectorDupont is licensed under CC BY- SA 4.0

- “Nick Vujicic - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2011” by World Economic Forum is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

- “An Insight, An Idea with Sundar Pichai” by World Economic Forum is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

- “Jeff Bezos, Amazon” by dfarber is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0

- “Anne Hathaway og Denzel Washington ledet Nobels Fredspriskonsert 2010” by aktivioslo is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

- “Steve Jobs Speaks At WWDC07” by acaben is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0

The keywords for search for relevant websites owned or operated by parties other than the EDB are provided for reference only. We accept no responsibility for their contents, timeliness, accuracy and reliability.

Efforts have been made to clear copyright permissions. If you have any reason to believe that any information or content of this resource kit contains materials infringing copyright, please notify us.

Upon notification, we will take remedial action immediately.

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Nick Vujicic

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Promoting Positive Values and Attitudes through English Sayings of Wisdom (SOW) SOW Speech Series –

Featured SOW: “It’s not the end until you’ve given up”

from a speech by Nick Vujicic1

A. Watch the speech delivered by Nick Vujicic and answer the following questions. You may use these keywords: Nick Vujicic, 2016, never give up, Nick’s life without limbs to find a video of the speech on YouTube.

1. Which of the following values is NOT touched on in Nick’s talk?

A. hope

B. perseverance

C. integrity A B C D

D. courage    

2. What did Nick do before starting his speech? What is the purpose of doing it?

3. Nick strategically employed pauses throughout his speech. Which of the following is NOT an intended effect of employing pauses?

A. To allow time for the audience to absorb the information B. To allow time for the speaker to organise his ideas

C. To draw the audience’s attention A B C D

D. To add weight to what has just been said    

1 Nick Vujicic was born without arms or legs, which has brought him tremendous obstacles. His perseverance has got him through life challenges and now he is a world-famous motivational speaker.

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4. Which of the following techniques did Nick use in delivering this speech?

(i) Using age-appropriate language and experience to connect to the audience (ii) Supporting his points with statistics and quotations

(iii) Asking questions to involve the audience (iv) Complementing the speech with actions

(v) Adding humour and jokes to bond with the audience A. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)

B. (i), (iii), (iv) and (v)

C. (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v) A B C D

D. All of the above    

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B. Read the script of Nick Vujicic’s speech and answer the questions that follow.

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I’m coming. Ready? Hey! Is that cool? Awesome!

[1] I want to talk about, like, when I started to go to school and stuff, and a lot of people put me down. You know what I mean? Like people tease each other. I mean, people come up and say, “Hey, you’re fat …”, you know, “Lose some weight!” And you go home and look at yourself in the mirror and go, “Argh! I’m fat! Right?” And so many people tease each other, you know, you’re too short, you’re too tall, you look … whatever! Different hair and all that.

It doesn’t matter. See, the thing is, when you’re in school, and when you’re growing up in life, it actually sort of matters to people how you look. And then it matters to you because it matters to others. Why? Why does it matter how you look? Because if they don’t like you, then who will? If they don’t accept you, then who will? And the fear that we have is that we’re gonna be alone. That we’re not good enough and you know, we have to change ourselves. You know, so many people put me down and say, “Nick, you look too weird and no one’s really your friend and you can’t do this and you can’t do that.” And I couldn’t change anything. It’s not like just fixing my hair one day and everything was fine. I couldn’t change my circumstance. I couldn’t just wake up one day and say, “Hey, give me arms and legs. I need arms and legs.” You know what I mean? Like you go to a bodybuilder, you know, “Can you make me some arms and legs?” No, I’m just joking. Bodybuilder, you get it? Right? I go up to people, “Can you give me a hand?” I’m just joking!

[2] But it was so hard because people put me down. And I started believing that I was not good enough. I started believing that I was a failure that I’d never be somebody who people would like or people would accept. And it was so hard, man, I thought to myself, you know,

“I can’t go on the soccer field like everybody else and I can’t ride my bike and I can’t skateboard and all these sorts of things.” I started getting depressed. I thought, “What kind of purpose do I have to live?” I mean, are you just here to live to die? I mean, is there not a purpose for me? Is there not a purpose in life? And I had questions and no answers and I asked my mom and dad, “Why did this happen?” I asked doctors, “Why did this happen?”

They don’t know.

[3] There are some things in life that are out of your control, that you can’t change and you’ve got to live with. The choice that we have, though, is either to give up or keep on going. I wanna ask you, what are you gonna believe? Are you gonna believe in yourself or you gonna believe in everybody else’s judgement on you? Are you gonna believe people when they say that you’re a failure, that no one really likes you, that no one really cares

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about you? And it’s not really to say that hey you need somebody to come up to you and say,

“Hey, I really like you. I care about you.” It’s not that. But it’s the fact that people put you down. People don’t even look you in the eye. People ask you how you are and you say

“Fine.” but you’re not fine and they’ll never know that.

[4] I tell you life is interesting. Life is a journey. You see this phone here? Let’s say that I want to go to the phone. Right? And I start from over here. Now to get to the phone, it’s not like I’m going to start meditating and going “hummmmm”, and float across the air, right?

That’s not gonna happen. That’s not gonna work. It’s not like I’m going to go “hummmmm”

and “wooo”, you know? It’s not gonna work. So I have to take one step at a time, one step at a time, one step at a time. You can only take one step at a time. I don’t care how big your step is, it’s still only one step at a time. You can’t take two steps in one. You understand? So it’s like one step at a time.

[5] You take steps in this direction and you take steps in that direction. You sort of get lost along the way and sometimes you fall down.

Now to illustrate my point, I’m going to jump off the table and do a back twist and land on the floor. Okay? Is that cool? Are you ready? Oh. Is it a clock there? Can you move the clock for a second, please? Beautiful, beautiful. Alright. You ready? So, are you guys ready? Just let me know when you’re ready. You’re ready? One… Two

… I’m joking, man. Are you serious? Just put the clock back there. If I did that, I’ll break my arm or something. You know what I mean?

But honestly, along the way, you might fall down like this. So what do you do when you fall down? Get back up. Everybody knows to get back up because if I start walking, I’m not going to get anywhere. But I tell you there are some times in life where you fall down and feel like you don’t have the strength to get back up. So you sort of put on a mask on your face and come to school, and pretend that everything is okay when it’s not. And you go home and lay in your bed when no one’s looking at you, when you don’t have to impress anybody and you’re yourself, and fear comes in. The fear that you have as soon as you walk into the doors of your house? Maybe it’s a broken home. Maybe you have doubt in your life.

Maybe you don’t know for sure what’s going to be happening in the future and it scares you.

Maybe you’re worried about what people think of you, what people say about you. Just that fear that paralyzes you. And I just want to ask you today, do you think you have hope?

Because I tell you I’m down here, face down, and I have no arms and no legs. It should be impossible for me to get back up. I mean, you go home and tie up the legs and arms of your brothers and sisters, and push them down and see how long it’s gonna take them to get back

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up. You know what I mean? You can tell them that you’ll see them tomorrow. You know what I mean?

[6] But this is the thing—it should be impossible for me to get back up. But it’s not. You see, I will try 100 times to get up and if I fail 100 times, if I fail and I give up, do you think that I’m ever going to get up? No. But if I fail and I try again? And again and again? For as long as I try, there is always that chance of me getting up. Does that make sense? And it’s not the end until you’ve given up. And just the fact that you’re here should persuade you that you have another chance to get back up. There’s still hope. I’m not here today to tell you that I understand your pain. I don’t know how it feels to be abused. I don’t know how it feels to feel quote ‘fat’ or you’ve got an eating disorder. I don’t know how it feels to have a broken home. I don’t know how it feels. But I know how it feels to have a broken heart. And I know how it feels to be alone. And I want you to know that I’ve found my strength in Jesus Christ and you’re going to find your strength in whatever you find it in. But I just want you to know that it’s not the end. It matters how you are going to finish. Are you going to finish strong?

And you will find that strength to get back up, like this.

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1. (i) Which technique is used when Nick said “bodybuilder” and “give me a hand”? (lines 17-18)

A. pun B. metaphor

C. alliteration A B C D

D. personification    

(ii) Explain how the technique is used.

Bodybuilder:

Give me a hand:

2. Nick shared that he got depressed in paragraph 2. Identify two reasons for his depression.

i.

ii.

3. Words, phrases or sentences which come in patterns of 3 are inherently more powerful, memorable and effective. This writing / presentation technique is called the ‘Rule of Three’.

Nick employed the ‘Rule of Three’ throughout his speech. For example, in paragraph 2:

I can’t go in the soccer field like everybody else, and I can’t ride my bike, and

I can’t skateboard and all these sorts of things …

Identify another example of the ‘Rule of Three’ in paragraph 3.

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4. In paragraph 4, Nick told the audience that life is a journey. Which of the following statements best describe(s) what Nick meant? You can choose more than one answer.

A. Every step made in life matters.

B. We should explore the world around us.

C. Meditation helps us travel in our mind. A B C D

D. You cannot rush things through life.    

5. Study paragraph 5. Complete the following sentences by filling in each blank with ONE word. The first letter of the word is provided. Make sure your answer is grammatically correct.

Nick drew the audience’s attention by joking about jumping off the table. But he truly related and connected with the audience by acknowledging their f________

_

and

offering them

h__________ by telling them he had faced similar obstacles and overcome them.

6. Which of the following teenage problems did Nick NOT mention to relate to his audience?

A. family problems B. peer pressure

C. problems with weight and appearance A B C D

D. academic performance    

7. Nick has a key idea to express in each paragraph. Match the following key ideas with paragraphs 1-6? Put the letters in the boxes provided.

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A. I have been sad and down too. B. I was once lost in life.

D. Never give up and find your strength.

C. Get back up when you fall.

down

E. Accept what you cannot change.

F. Start taking steady steps.

"Nick Vujicic - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2011" by World Economic Forum is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

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e.g. Paragraph 1 A

i. Paragraph 2

ii. Paragraph 3

iii. Paragraph 4

iv. Paragraph 5

v. Paragraph 6

8. Nick wisely used actions to complement his speech to convey his message to the audience more effectively. Other than the opening act, identify one action that Nick performed in his speech that impressed you most and briefly explain how the action made his speech more powerful.

9. The following quotes are taken from the speech. Choose the most appropriate quality reflected in each quote. Write the letters in the boxes provided. Each option can only be used ONCE.

self-worth bravery respect

diligence perseverance patience

i.

Are you gonna believe in yourself or you gonna believe10

in everybody else’s judgement on you? Are you gonna believe people when they say that you’re a failure, that no one really likes you, that no one really cares about you?

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ii.

iii.

10. Have you ever felt worthless or powerless? Write a message to a family member or friend who may have similar emotional problems or suffer from depression. You may use the ideas from Nick’s speech to encourage him/her. You may start your message with the following:

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So I have to take one step at a time, one step at a time, one step at a time. You can only take one step at a time. I don’t care how big your step is, it’s still only one step at a time. You can’t take two steps in one. You understand?

I will try 100 times to get up and if I fail 100 times, if I fail and I give up, do you think that I’m ever going to get up? No. But if I fail and I try again? And again and again? For as long as I try, there is always that chance of me getting up.

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Dear _____________, I understand that …

--- End ---

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Sundar Pichai

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Promoting Positive Values and Attitudes through English Sayings of Wisdom (SOW) SOW Speech Series –

Featured SOW: “You will prevail”

from the speech by Sundar Pichai2 delivered at a virtual commencement celebration

A. Watch the speech delivered by Sundar Pichai and answer the following questions. You may use these keywords: Sundar Pichai, Commencement Speech 2020, You will prevail to find a video of the speech on YouTube.

1. What is the purpose of Sundar Pichai’s speech?

A. to convince the audience of the importance of technology B. to suggest to the audience ways to find one’s passion C. to tell his audience his success story

D. to offer advice on life and remind the audience to stay hopeful

2. Based on the speech, decide if the following statements are True (T) or False (F).

Statement T / F

(i) Sundar Pichai’s pursuit of further studies in the US was not supported by his father.

(ii) Sundar Pichai regretted not having studied a PhD.

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Sundar Pichai believed in the potential of the future generations.

3. Which of the following public speaking techniques did the speaker use to engage the audience? You can choose more than one answer.

A. starting with a startling fact or figure

B. sharing personal experience

C. recapping the key messages

D. using audio-visual aids wisely

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A B C D

   

A B C D

   

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_______________________________

2 Sundar Pichai is the CEO of Alphabet Inc. and Google. His speech entitled “You will prevail” has garnered over 455,000 views and become one of the most popular speeches on the “English Speeches” website.

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What is the meaning of the featured SOW “You will prevail”?

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B. Read the script of Sundar Pichai’s speech and answer the questions that follow.

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[1] “Hello, everyone. And congratulations to the Class of 2020, as well as your parents, your teachers, and everyone who helped you get to this day.

[2] I never imagined I’d be giving a commencement speech with no live audience … from my backyard. But it’s giving me a much deeper understanding for what our YouTube Creators go through! And I certainly never thought I’d be sharing a virtual stage with the former President … a First Lady, a Lady Gaga, and a Queen Bey

… not to mention BTS.

[3] I don’t think this is the graduation ceremony any of you imagined. At a time when you should be celebrating all the knowledge you’ve gained, you may be grieving what you’ve lost: the moves you planned, the jobs you earned, and the experiences you were looking forward to. In bleak moments like these, it can be difficult to find hope.

[4] So let me skip right to the end and tell you what happens: you will prevail.

[5] That’s not really the end of the speech, so don’t get too excited.

[6] The reason I know you’ll prevail is because so many others have done it before you. A hundred years ago, the class of 1920 graduated into the end of a deadly pandemic. Fifty years ago, the class of 1970 graduated in the midst of the Vietnam War. And nearly 20 years ago, the class of 2001 graduated just months before 9/11.

[7] There are notable examples like this. They had to overcome new challenges, and in all cases they prevailed.

The long arc of history tells us we have every reason to be hopeful.

[8] So, be hopeful.

[9] There’s an interesting trend I’ve noticed: It’s very conventional for every generation to underestimate the potential of the following one.

[10] It’s because they don’t realize that the progress of one generation becomes the foundational premise for the next. And it takes a new set of people to come along and realize all the possibilities.

[11] I grew up without much access to technology. We didn’t get our first telephone til I was 10. I didn’t have regular access to a computer until I came to America for graduate school. And our television, when we finally got one, only had one channel.

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[12] So imagine how awestruck I am today to be speaking to you on a platform that has millions of channels.

[13] By contrast, you grew up with computers of all shapes and sizes. The ability to ask a computer anything, anywhere—the very thing I’ve spent my last decade working on—is not amazing to you. That’s OK, it doesn’t make me feel bad, it makes me hopeful!

[14] There are probably things about technology that frustrate you and make you impatient.

[15] Don’t lose that impatience. It will create the next technology revolution and enable you to build things my generation could never dream of.

[16] You may be just as frustrated by my generation’s approach to climate change, or education. Be impatient.

It will create the progress the world needs.

[17] You will make the world better in your own way. Even if you don’t know exactly how. The important thing is to be open-minded so that you can find what you love.

[18] For me, it was technology. The more access my family had to technology, the better our lives got. So when I graduated, I knew I wanted to do something to bring technology to as many others as possible.

[19] At the time, I thought I could achieve this by building better semiconductors. I mean, what could be more exciting than that?

[20] My father spent the equivalent of a year’s salary on my plane ticket to the U.S. so I could attend Stanford.

It was my first time ever on a plane. But when I eventually landed in California, things weren’t as I had imagined. America was expensive. A phone call back home was more than $2 a minute, and a backpack cost the same as my dad’s monthly salary in India.

[21] And for all the talk about the warm California beaches … that water was freezing cold! On top of all that, I missed my family, my friends and my girlfriend, now my wife, back in India.

[22] A bright spot for me during this time was computing. For the first time in my life, I could use a computer whenever I wanted to. It completely blew my mind.

[23] And at that same moment, the Internet was literally being built all around me. The year I arrived at Stanford was the same year the browser Mosaic was released, which would popularize the world wide web and

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the Internet.

[24] The summer I left was the same summer that a graduate student named Sergey Brin met a prospective engineering student named Larry Page.

[25] These two moments would profoundly shape the rest of my life. But at the time, I didn’t know it.

[26] It took me a while to realize that the Internet would be the single best way to make technology accessible to more people. As soon as I did, I changed course and decided to pursue my dreams at Google.

[27] Inspired by the wonder that first browser created in me, I led the effort to launch one—called Chrome—in 2009, and drove the effort to help Google develop affordable laptops and phones so that a student growing up, in any neighborhood or village, in any part of the world, could have the same access to information as all of you.

[28] Had I stayed the course in graduate school, I’d probably have a Ph.D. today—which would have made my parents really proud. But I might have missed the opportunity to bring the benefits of technology to so many others.

[29] And I certainly wouldn’t be standing here speaking to you as Google’s CEO. Believe me when I say I saw none of this coming when I first touched down in the state of California 27 years ago.

[30] The only thing that got me from there to here—other than luck—was a deep passion for technology, and an open mind.

[31] So take the time to find the thing that excites you more than anything else in the world. Not the thing your parents want you to do. Or the thing that all your friends are doing. Or that society expects of you.

[32] I know you’re getting a lot of advice today. So let me leave you with mine: Be open … be impatient … be hopeful.

[33] If you can do that, history will remember the Class of 2020 not for what you lost, but for what you changed.

[34] You have the chance to change everything. I am optimistic you will.

[35] Thank you.

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1. Sundar Pichai illustrated his points with effective examples. Match the examples with the corresponding points made by the speaker and write the appropriate letters in the brackets.

Point Examples

(i) “The long arc of history tells us we have every reason to be hopeful”

(paragraph 7) ( )

A. “… you grew up with computers of all shapes and sizes. The ability to ask a computer anything, anywhere—the very thing I’ve spent my last decade working on—is not amazing to you”

(ii) “… the progress of one generation becomes the foundational premise for the next” (paragraph 10) ( )

B. “… a phone call back home was more than $2 a minute, and a backpack cost the same as my dad’s monthly salary in India.

And for all the talk about the warm Californian beaches … that water was freezing cold!”

(iii) “… when I eventually landed in California, things weren’t as I had imagined” (paragraph 20) ( )

C. “… the class of 1920 graduated into the end of a deadly pandemic … the class of 1970 graduated in the midst of the Vietnam War … the class of 2001 graduated just months before 9/11.”

2. Sentences of different parallel structures are extensively used in the speech. Identify the functions and effects achieved in the examples and write the letters in the appropriate brackets.

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Example Effect created (i) At a time when you should be celebrating all the

knowledge you’ve gained, you may be grieving what you’ve lost: the moves you planned, the jobs you earned, and the experiences you were looking forward to.

(paragraph 3) ( )

(ii) The more access my family had to technology, the better our lives got. (paragraph 18) ( )

(iii) Be open … be impatient … be hopeful. (paragraph 32) ( )

(iv) If you can do that, history will remember the Class of 2020 not for what you lost, but for what you changed.

(paragraph 33) ( )

A. to dismiss an assumption and draw attention to a new point B. to create a pattern and a

stronger sense of rhythm through repeating a structure three times

C. to emphasise the relationship and connection between ideas in the sentence

3. Why did the speaker ask the audience to be impatient in his speech? What did he really mean?

4. What positive qualities / values / attitudes does Sundar Pichai demonstrate? Match his experience with the appropriate qualities / values / attitudes and put the appropriate letters in the brackets. One answer is given as an example.

Positive quality / value / attitude

Sundar Pichai’s experience

A. risk-taking spirit B. gratitude C. benevolence D. passion

E. open-mindedness

(i) He remembered how expensive the flight ticket was, a call back home and a backpack were in comparison to his father’s salary and treasured his father’s sacrifice for his education. ( )

(ii) He discovered his love for technology and joined Google, launched the Chrome browser, and eventually became the CEO of Google. ( )

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(iii) He changed course after realising the power of the Internet and technology and decided to pursue his dreams at Google instead of staying in graduate school for a Ph.D. degree. ( )

(iv) He embraced the rise of new technology despite growing up without much access to technology. He managed to ride on the opportunities brought by the popularity of the World Wide Web and the Internet to pursue his dreams. ( )

(v) He launched the Chrome browser in 2009 and drove the effort to develop affordable laptops and phones so that a student growing up in any part of the world could have the same access to information. ( )

5. Rhetoric is the art of effective communication, involving appeals to the audience and the use of persuasive devices. Identify the strategies used to persuade and appeal to the audience in the speech and complete the diagram by putting the appropriate letters in the brackets. One answer is given as an example.

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Ethos

Credibility & Ethics – speaker’s own authority and

trustworthiness

The Rhetorical

Triangle

e.g. (A) ( ) e.g. ( )

Pathos Logos

Emotions & Feelings – appeal to the audience’s emotions

Logic & Reason – supporting details (e.g. quotes, data,

cases, examples)

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Examples

A. At a time when you should be celebrating all the knowledge you’ve gained, you may be grieving what you’ve lost: the moves you planned, the jobs you earned, and the experiences you were looking forward to. (paragraph 3)

B. The reason I know you’ll prevail is because so many others have done it before you. A hundred years ago, the class of 1920 graduated into the end of a deadly pandemic. Fifty years ago, the class of 1970 graduated in the midst of the Vietnam War. And nearly 20 years ago, the class of 2001 graduated just months before 9/11. (paragraph 6)

C. You may be just as frustrated by my generation’s approach to climate change, or education.

Be impatient. It will create the progress the world needs. (paragraph 16)

D. And I certainly wouldn’t be standing here speaking to you as Google’s CEO. Believe me when I say I saw none of this coming when I first touched down in the state of California 27 years ago. (paragraph 29)

6. Which of the following three lines from Sundar Pichai’s speech is the most striking to you? Recount an incident in your life when you find the selected quote relevant.

--- End ---

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(i) You will make the world better in your own ways.

(ii) The long arc of history tells us we have every reason to be hopeful.

(iii) You have the chance to change everything.

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Jeff Bezos

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Promoting Positive Values and Attitudes through English Sayings of Wisdom (SOW) SOW Speech Series –

Featured SOW: “Cleverness is a gift, kindness is a choice”

from the speech by Jeff Bezos3 delivered at Princeton University

A. Watch the speech delivered by Jeff Bezos and answer the following questions. You may use these keywords: Jeff Bezos, What will you be? to find a video of the speech on YouTube.

1. How many personal stories did Jeff Bezos share in his speech? What are they about?

2. Answer the following questions about the two stories.

(i) Why did Jeff Bezos’ grandmother burst into tears after listening to the smoking statistics?

A. She was scared by the statistics and did not want to die early.

B. She was touched by Jeff Bezos’ care and concern for her health.

C. She found what Jeff Bezos said mean and offensive.

D. She regretted being a heavy smoker. A B C D

   

(ii) In the second story, did Jeff Bezos’ wife and boss support him after hearing his plan to quit a stable and high-paid job to start an online business? Tick () the Yes/No box and support your answer with a reason.

Supported Reason

Jeff Bezos’

wife

Yes No

Jeff Bezos’

boss

Yes No

33 Jeff Bezos is the founder and executive chairman of Amazon, which began as an online bookstore in 1994 and has since expanded to a wide variety of other e-commerce products and services.

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(iii) What are the messages behind the stories? Fill in the blanks with the words provided below. Each word can be used ONCE only.

choice clever dreams gifts kind passion

Story Message

His personal experience with his It’s harder but more important to be

grandparents than .

His plan to start his own business

Follow

your .

Use your to pursue

your .

3. What is the overall tone of the speech?

A. arrogant B. critical

C. cynical A B C D

D. reflective    

4. Which of the following public speaking techniques did Jeff Bezos use in his speech to engage and appeal to the audience? You can choose more than one answer.

A. asking a series of questions to provoke audience’s thinking and emotional response B. using statistics to support his arguments

C. using self-deprecating humour A B C D

D. sharing personal stories    

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B. Read the script of the Jeff Bezos’ speech to answer the questions that follow.

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[1] As a kid, I spent my summers with my grandparents on their ranch in Texas. I helped fix windmills, vaccinate cattle, and do other chores. We also watched soap operas every afternoon, especially “Days of our Lives.” My grandparents belonged to a Caravan Club, a group of Airstream trailer owners who travel together around the U.S. and Canada. And every few summers, we’d join the caravan. We’d hitch up the Airstream trailer to my grandfather’s car, and off we’d go, in a line with 300 other Airstream adventurers. I loved and worshipped my grandparents and I really looked forward to these trips. On one particular trip, I was about 10 years old. I was rolling around in the big bench seat in the back of the car. My grandfather was driving. And my grandmother had the passenger seat. She smoked throughout these trips, and I hated the smell.

[2] At that age, I’d take any excuse to make estimates and do minor arithmetic. I’d calculate our gas mileage—

figure out useless statistics on things like grocery spending. I’d been hearing an ad campaign about smoking. I can’t remember the details, but basically the ad said, every puff of a cigarette takes some number of minutes off of your life: I think it might have been two minutes per puff. At any rate, I decided to do the math for my grandmother. I estimated the number of cigarettes per day, estimated the number of puffs per cigarette and so on. When I was satisfied that I’d come up with a reasonable number, I poked my head into the front of the car, tapped my grandmother on the shoulder, and proudly proclaimed, “At two minutes per puff, you’ve taken nine years off your life!”

[3] I have a very vivid memory of what happened, and it was not what I had expected. I expected to be applauded for my cleverness and my arithmetic skills. “Jeff, you’re so smart. You had to have made some tricky estimates, figure out the number of minutes in a year and do some division.” That’s not what happened.

Instead, my grandmother burst into tears. I sat in the backseat and did not know what to do. While my grandmother sat crying, my grandfather, who had been driving in silence, pulled over onto the shoulder of the highway. He got out of the car and came around and opened my door and waited for me to follow. Was I in trouble? My grandfather was a highly intelligent, quiet man. He had never said a harsh word to me, and maybe this was to be the first time? Or maybe he would ask that I get back in the car and apologise to my grandmother. I had no experience in this realm with my grandparents and no way to gauge what the consequences might be. We stopped beside the trailer. My grandfather looked at me, and after a bit of silence, he gently and calmly said, “Jeff, one day you’ll understand that it’s harder to be kind than clever.”

[4] What I want to talk to you about today is the difference between gifts and choices. Cleverness is a gift, kindness is a choice. Gifts are easy—they’re given after all. Choices can be hard. You can seduce yourself with your gifts if you’re not careful, and if you do, it’ll probably be to the detriment of your choices.

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[5] This is a group with many gifts. I’m sure one of your gifts is the gift of a smart and capable brain. I’m confident that’s the case because admission is competitive and if there weren’t some signs that you’re clever, the dean of admission wouldn’t have let you in.

[6] Your smarts will come in handy because you will travel in a land of marvels. We humans—plodding as we are—will astonish ourselves. We’ll invent ways to generate clean energy and a lot of it. Atom by atom, we’ll assemble tiny machines that will enter cell walls and make repairs. This month comes the extraordinary but inevitable news that we’ve synthesised life. In the coming years, we’ll not only synthesise it, but we’ll engineer it to specifications. I believe you’ll even see us understand the human brain. Jules Verne, Mark Twain, Galileo, Newton—all the curious from the ages would have wanted to be alive most of all right now. As a civilisation, we will have so many gifts, just as you as individuals have so many individual gifts as you sit before me.

[7] How will you use these gifts? And will you take pride in your gifts or pride in your choices?

[8] I got the idea to start Amazon 16 years ago. I came across the fact that Web usage was growing at 2,300 percent per year. I’d never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast, and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles—something that simply couldn’t exist in the physical world—was very exciting to me. I had just turned 30 years old, and I’d been married for a year. I told my wife MacKenzie that I wanted to quit my job and go do this crazy thing that probably wouldn’t work since most startups don’t, and I wasn’t sure what would happen after that. MacKenzie (also a Princeton grad and sitting here in the second row) told me I should go for it. As a young boy, I’d been a garage inventor. I’d invented an automatic gate closer out of cement-filled tires, a solar cooker that didn’t work very well out of an umbrella and aluminum foil, baking- pan alarms to entrap my siblings. I’d always wanted to be an inventor, and she wanted me to follow my passion.

[9] I was working at a financial firm in New York City with a bunch of very smart people, and I had a brilliant boss that I much admired. I went to my boss and told him I wanted to start a company selling books on the Internet. He took me on a long walk in Central Park, listened carefully to me, and finally said, “That sounds like a really good idea, but it would be an even better idea for someone who didn’t already have a good job.”

That logic made some sense to me, and he convinced me to think about it for 48 hours before making a final decision. Seen in that light, it really was a difficult choice, but ultimately, I decided I had to give it a shot. I didn’t think I’d regret trying and failing. And I suspected I would always be haunted by a decision to not try at all. After much consideration, I took the less safe path to follow my passion, and I’m proud of that choice.

[10] Tomorrow, in a very real sense, your life—the life you author from scratch on your own—begins.

[11] How will you use your gifts?

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[12] What choices will you make?

[13] Will inertia be your guide, or will you follow your passions?

[14] Will you follow dogma, or will you be original?

[15] Will you choose a life of ease, or a life of service and adventure?

[16] Will you wilt under criticism, or will you follow your convictions?

[17] Will you bluff it out when you’re wrong, or will you apologise?

[18] Will you guard your heart against rejection, or will you act when you fall in love?

[19] Will you play it safe, or will you be a little bit swashbuckling?

[20] When it’s tough, will you give up, or will you be relentless?

`

[21] Will you be a cynic, or will you be a builder?

[22] Will you be clever at the expense of others, or will you be kind?

[23] I will hazard a prediction. When you are 80 years old, and in a quiet moment of reflection narrating for only yourself the most personal version of your life story, the telling that will be most compact and meaningful will be the series of choices you have made. In the end, we are our choices. Build yourself a great story. Thank you and good luck!

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1. Why did the speaker share his childhood experience in the first part of his speech?

2. According to paragraphs 2 and 3, are the following statements True (T) or False (F)?

Statement T / F

(i) Jeff Bezos loved making all kinds of estimates as they were extremely useful in saving daily expenses such as gas fees and grocery spending.

(ii) Jeff Bezos wanted to be praised for his intelligence when he was young.

(iii) Jeff Bezos’ grandfather scolded him harshly for the words he said to his grandmother.

3. Identify the literary device used in “Cleverness is a gift, kindness is a choice.” (line 34) A. alliteration

B. irony

C. parallelism A B C D

D. simile    

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4. Identify the meaning of the underlined idiomatic expressions. Write the letters in the boxes provided.

Idiomatic expression Meaning

(i) You can seduce yourself with your gifts if you’re not careful, and if you do, it’ll probably be to the detriment of your choices. (line 36)

A try doing it for the first time

(ii) Your smarts will come in handy … (line 40) B harming or damaging

(iii) … because you will travel in a land of marvels. (line 40) C from the very beginning

(iv) I decided I had to give it a shot. (line 67) D turn out to be useful

(v) Tomorrow … your life—the life you author from scratch on your own—begins. (lines 71-72)

E a place with

surprising or

wonderful things or people

5. Answer the following questions with reference to paragraphs 11–22.

a. How will you use your gifts?

b. What choices will you make?

c. Will inertia be your guide, or will you follow your passions?

d. Will you follow dogma, or will you be original?

e. Will you choose a life of ease, or a life of service and adventure?

f. Will you wilt under criticism, or will you follow your convictions?

g. Will you bluff it out when you’re wrong, or will you apologise?

h. Will you guard your heart against rejection, or will you act when you fall in love?

i. Will you play it safe, or will you be a little bit swashbuckling?

j. When it’s tough, will you give up, or will you be relentless?

k. Will you be a cynic, or will you be a builder?

l. Will you be clever at the expense of others, or will you be kind?

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(i) Why did Jeff Bezos ask a series of questions (a – l) towards the end of his speech?

(ii) What qualities are related to the questions asked by Jeff Bezos? Choose the best answers from the word box below.

gentle caring creative enterprising

persistent risk-taking supportive

Question Adjective

c. Will inertia be your guide, or will you follow your passions?

e.g. enterprising

d. Will you follow dogma, or will you be original?

e. Will you choose a life of ease, or a life of service and adventure?

j. When it’s tough, will you give up, or will you be relentless?

k. Will you be a cynic, or will you be a builder?

l. Will you be clever at the expense of others, or will you be kind?

(iii) Among the twelve questions, which one is the most thought-provoking to you? Choose a question and answer it. Explain your choice and answer with your personal experience.

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6. Which of the following is NOT a message behind Jeff Bezos’ speech?

A. Gifts may help but the choices you make matter more.

B. People should give up what they have and do crazy things.

C. People should follow their passion. A B C D

D. Making the right choices sometimes requires courage and care.

   

7. Think of one gift or talent you possess. How can you make good use of it?

--- End ---

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Denzel Washington

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Promoting Positive Values and Attitudes through English Sayings of Wisdom (SOW) SOW Speech Series –

Featured SOW: “Fall forward”

from the speech by Denzel Washington4 delivered at University of Pennsylvania

A. Watch the speech delivered by Denzel Washington and answer the following questions. You may use these keywords: Denzel Washington, University of Pennsylvania, Commencement Address 2011 to find a video of the speech on YouTube.

1. The following are three key points about failure mentioned in the speech.

Match the key points with the following analogy and personal stories used in Denzel Washington’s speech. Write the appropriate letters in the table below.

Story/Analogy Key point

His failure in Fordham University

His failed audition for a Broadway musical

Ghosts representing one’s unfulfilled potential around the deathbed

2. (i) The title of the speech is “Fall forward”. What do you think it means?

(ii) Why does the speaker try to illustrate with the stories of Reggie Jackson and Thomas Edison?

44 Denzel Washington is an Academy Award and Tony Award-winning actor and director.

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(b) If you don’t fail, you’re not even trying.

(c) Sometimes failure is the best way to

figure out where you’re going.

(a) You will fail at some point in

your life.

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3. What is the overall tone of the speech? You can choose more than one answer.

A. sarcastic

B. humorous

C. encouraging A B C D

D. skeptical    

4. Which of the following public speaking techniques did Denzel Washington use in his speech to engage and appeal to the audience?

(i) using personal and relatable stories

(ii) adding dialogues to make the speech more dramatic (iii) asking the audience questions

(iv) ending with an inspiring and memorable line (v) using statistics

(vi) using quotes from famous and authoritative figures A. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)

B. (ii), (iv), (v) and (vi)

C. (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and (vi) A B C D

D. All of the above    

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B. Read the adapted script of an extract from Denzel Washington’s speech and answer the questions that follow.

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[1] I’ve found that nothing in life is worthwhile unless you take risks. Nothing. Nelson Mandela said: “There is no passion to be found playing small—in settling for a life that’s less than the one you’re capable of living.” I’m sure in your experiences—in school, in applying to college, in picking your major, in deciding what you want to do with life—

people have told you to make sure you have something to “fall back on.” But I’ve never understood that concept, having something to fall back on. If I’m going to fall, I don’t want to fall back on anything, except my faith. I want to fall forward. At least I figure that way I’ll see what I’m about to hit.

[2] Fall forward. Here’s what I mean: Reggie Jackson struck out 2,600 times in his career—

the most in the history of baseball. But you don’t hear about the strikeouts. People remember the home runs.

[3] Fall forward. Thomas Edison conducted 1,000 failed experiments. Did you know that? I didn’t know that because the one thousand and first was the light bulb.

[4] Fall forward. Every failed experiment is one step closer to success. You’ve got to take risks. I’m sure you’ve probably heard that before, but I want to talk about why that’s so important. I’ve got three reasons.

[5] First, you will fail at some point in your life. Accept it. You will lose. You will embarrass yourself. You will be bad at something. There’s no doubt about it. And I know that’s probably not a traditional message for a graduation ceremony, but hey, I’m telling you

—embrace it because it’s inevitable. And I should know, in the acting business, you fail all the time. Early on in my career, I auditioned for a part in a Broadway musical. A perfect role for me, I thought—except for the fact that I can’t sing. So, I was in the wings. I was about to go on stage but the guy in front of me was singing like Pavarotti and he was just going on and on and on. And I was just shrinking, getting smaller and smaller … So I came out with my little sheet music and it was “Just My Imagination” by the Temptations. That’s what I came up with. So I handed it to the accompanist, and she looked at it and looked at me and looked at the director and was like, “All right”. So I started to sing. I was like, “It’s just my imagination once again, coming away with me.” And they were not saying anything, so I was thinking I was getting better. I started getting into it. But after the first verse, the director cut me off, “Thank you. Thank you very much, Mr Washington. Thank you.” I assumed I didn’t get the job. The next part of the audition was the acting part. I was like “Hey, okay.

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Maybe I can’t sing, but I know I can act”. But the guy I was paired with to do the scene couldn’t be more dramatic and over the top. Suffice to say, I didn’t get the job.

[6] But here’s the thing: I didn’t quit. I didn’t fall back. I walked out of there to prepare for the next audition, and the next audition, and the next audition. I prayed, I prayed and I prayed, but I continued to fail, and fail, and fail. But it didn’t matter. Because you know what? You hang around a barbershop long enough—sooner or later you will get a haircut.

You will catch a break and I did catch a break. Last year I did a play called Fences on Broadway and I won a Tony Award. And I didn’t have to sing for it, by the way. And here’s the kicker—it was at the Court Theatre, the same theatre where I failed that first audition 30 years prior. The point is, every graduate here today has the training and the talent to succeed.

But do you have guts to fail?

[7] Here’s my second point about failure: If you don’t fail, you’re not even trying. I’ll say it again. If you don’t fail, you’re not even trying. My wife told me this expression—“To get something you never had, you have to do something you never did.” Les Brown, a motivational speaker, made an analogy about this. He said, “Imagine you’re on your deathbed and standing around your deathbed are the ghosts representing your unfulfilled potential, the ghosts of the ideas you never acted on, the ghosts of the talents you didn’t use.

And they’re standing around your bed, angry, disappointed and upset. They say, ‘We came to you because you could have brought us to life.’ They say, ‘Now we go to the grave together.’” So I ask you today: How many ghosts are going to be around your bed when your time comes?

[8] You’ve invested a lot in your education, and people have invested in you. And let me tell you, the world needs your talents. I just got back from Africa two days ago, so if I’m rambling on it’s because I’m jet lagged. I just got back from South Africa. It’s a beautiful country, but there are places with terrible poverty that need help. And Africa is just the tip of the iceberg. The Middle East needs your help. Japan needs your help. Alabama needs your help. Tennessee needs your help. Louisiana needs your help. Philadelphia needs your help.

The world needs a lot, and we need it from you. We really do. We need it from you young people. I’m not speaking for the rest of us up here, but I know I’m getting a little grayer. We need it from you, the young people. Remember this. So get out there. Give it everything you’ve got—whether it’s your time, your talent, your prayers, or your treasures. Because remember this: You’ll never see a U-Haul behind a hearse. I’ll say it again. You’ll never see a U-Haul behind a hearse. You can’t take it with you. The Ancient Egyptians tried it—and all they got was robbed!

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[9] So the question is—what are you going to do with what you have? I’m not talking about how much you have. Some of you are business majors. Some of you are theologians, nurses, sociologists. Some of you have money. Some of you have patience. Some of you have kindness. Some of you have love. Some of you have the gift of long-suffering. Whatever it is , whatever your gift is, what are you going to do with what you have?

[10] Now, here’s my last point about failure: Sometimes it’s the best way to figure out where you’re going. Your life will never be a straight path. I began at Fordham University as a pre- med student. I took a course called cardiac …, I still can’t say it, “cardiac morphogenesis”. I couldn’t read it. I couldn’t say it. I sure couldn’t pass it. Then I decided to go into pre-la, then journalism. With no academic focus, my grades took off in their own direction. Yeah, down. I was a 1.8 GPA one semester, and the university very politely suggested it might be better to take some time off. I was 20 years old. I was at my lowest point.

[11] And then one day—and I remember the exact day: March 27, 1975—I was helping out in the beauty shop. My mother owned a beauty shop up in in Mount Vernon. And there was this older woman who was considered one of the elders in the town. And I didn’t know her personally, but I was looking in a mirror and every time I looked at the mirror, I could see her behind me. She was staring at me. She kept giving me these strange looks. She finally took the drier off her head and said something I’ll never forget: “Young boy,” she said, “I have a spiritual prophecy—You are going to travel the world and speak to millions of people.” I was thinking to myself: maybe she’s got something in that crystal ball about me getting back into school next fall. But maybe she was onto something. Because later that summer, while working as a counsellor at a YMCA camp in Connecticut, we put on a talent show for the campers. After the show, another counsellor came up to me and asked, “Have you ever thought of acting? You’re good at that.”

[12] When I got back to Fordham that fall I changed my major once again—for the last time.

And in the years that followed, just as that woman prophesied, I have travelled the world, and I have spoken to millions of people through my movies. Millions who, up till this day, I couldn’t see while I was talking to them and they couldn’t see me. They could only see the movie. They couldn’t see the real me. But I see you today. And I’m encouraged by what I see. And I’m strengthened by what I see. And I love what I see.

[13] Let me conclude with one final point. Many years ago, I did a movie called Philadelphia. We actually filmed some scenes right here on campus. Philadelphia came out in 1993. It’s about a man, played by Tom Hanks, who’s fired from his law firm because he has AIDS. He wants to sue the firm, but no one’s willing to represent him until a

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homophobic, ambulance-chasing lawyer—played by yours truly—takes on the case. In a way, if you watch the movie, you’ll see everything I’m talking about today. You’ll see what I mean about taking risks or being willing to fail because taking risks is not just about going for a job. It’s also about knowing what you know and what you don’t know. It’s also about being open to people and ideas. Over the course of the film, the character I play begins to take small steps, small risks. He very, very, very slowly begins to overcome his fears. I feel, ultimately, his heart becomes flooded with love.

[14] And I can’t think of a better message as we send you off today. To not only take risks, but to be open to life, accept new views and to be open to new opinions, to be willing to speak at a commencement at one of the country’s best universities even though you’re scared stiff. While it may be frightening, it will also be rewarding. Because the chances you take, the people you meet, the people you love, the faith you have—that’s what’s going to define you.

[15] So members of the class of 2011, this is your mission: When you leave the friendly confines of Philly, never be discouraged. Never hold back. Give everything you’ve got. And when you fall throughout life, and maybe even tonight after a few too many glasses of champagne, remember this: fall forward.

[16] Congratulations. I love you. God bless you. I respect you.

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1. Identify the rhetorical devices used in the following lines of the speech and the effects achieved. Fill in the letters in the appropriate boxes.

Rhetorical device Effect created

A. antithesis E. to create a pattern and rhythm with phrases of the same grammatical structure

B. anaphora F. to reinforce the repeated trials and failures

C. parallelism G

.

to create emphasis and artistic effects with the repeated use of words at the beginning of successive sentences

D. repetition H

.

to put two opposing ideas together to catch attention

Lines Rhetorica

l device

Effect created (i) I walked out of there to prepare for the next audition, and the next

audition, and the next audition. I prayed, I prayed and I prayed, but I continued to fail, and fail, and fail. (lines 35-36)

(ii) If I’m going to fall, I don’t want to fall back on anything, except my faith. I want to fall forward. (lines 6-7)

(iii )

Some of you have money. Some of you have patience. Some of you have kindness. Some of you have love. Some of you have the gift of long-suffering. Whatever it is…what are you going to do with what you have? (lines 66-67)

(iv) Because the chances you take, the people you meet, the people you love, the faith you have—that’s what’s going to define you. (lines 108-109)

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2. Identify the meaning of the underlined idiomatic expressions. Write the letters in the boxes provided.

Idiomatic expression Meaning

(i) A perfect role for me, I thought—except for the fact that I can’t sing. So I was in the wings, about to go on stage but … (line 22)

A. A small part of something larger and more complex yet to be seen

(ii) And Africa is just the tip of the iceberg. The Middle East needs your help. Japan needs your help. Alabama needs your help. (line 55)

B. Material possessions do not matter after one dies

(iii) You’ll never see a U-Haul behind a hearse.

(lines 61-63)

C. Ready to perform

3. (i) The following quotes are taken from Denzel Washington’s speech. Match the adjectives (A - H) with the quotes by writing the appropriate letters in the brackets provided. There are TWO answers to each question.

A. resilient B. benevolent C. diligent D. courageous

E. risk-taking F. caring G. persistent H. respectful

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(2) To get something you never had, you have to do

something you never did.

( )

(1) If I’m going to fall, I don’t want to fall back on anything … I want to fall forward. ( )

(3) Give it everything you’ve got—whether it’s your time, your talent, your prayers, or

your treasures. Because remember this: You’ll never see a U-Haul behind a hearse. (

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(ii) Which quote would you use to offer advice to your friends who have the following problems in life? Choose the appropriate quotes and write the numbers in the brackets.

(iii) Which of the three quotes is the most inspiring to you? Think of an incident or experience in your life when you find the quote useful and relevant.

--- End ---

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I always want to do some voluntary work to help the needy, but I’m afraid it may take

up a lot of time. ( )

I want to take the new literature course in the next

term, but it’s simply too

difficult for me. ( ) I have tried to jump over the crossbar a few times but failed!

I’ll just give up. ( )

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Steve Jobs

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Promoting Positive Values and Attitudes through English Sayings of Wisdom (SOW) SOW Speech Series –

Featured SOW: “Stay hungry, stay foolish”

from the speech by Steve Jobs5 delivered at Stanford University

A. Watch the speech delivered by Steve Jobs and answer the following questions. You may use these keywords: Steve Jobs, Stanford Commencement Address 2005 to find a video of the speech on YouTube.

1. (i) How many stories in his life did Steve Jobs share in his speech?

(ii) What is each story about? Write the appropriate letters in the boxes.

Story 1 a. death

Story 2 b. connecting the dots

Story 3 c. love and loss

2. What is the overall tone of the speech? You can choose more than one answer.

A. sarcastic B. reflective

C. nostalgic A B C D

D. encouraging    

3. Why does the speaker ask the students to “Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.” at the end of his speech?

55 Steve Jobs (1955 – 2011) was the CEO and co-founder of Apple and Pixar and one of the most successful entrepreneurs in history. This commencement address with Jobs’ own life stories is one of the most watched speeches worldwide.

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 Tying in with the modules and topics in the school-based English Language curriculum, schools are encouraged to make use of the lesson plans in the resource

You only need to write down the letter preceding the selected answer?. What is this

Unless prior permission in writing is given by the Commissioner of Police, you may not use the materials other than for your personal learning and in the course of your official

Unless prior permission in writing is given by the Commissioner of Police, you may not use the materials other than for your personal learning and in the course of your official

The powerful play goes on and you may contribute a verse. What will your