Chapter 5 Methodology and Research Result
6.2 Suggestion
In this survey, it is shown most of the users agreed the selection of LED package type depended on the application, but this is just a rough indication. For future study, it is suggested to do more survey on the relationship between the LED package type and LED application, to find out if certain package type is more suitable for certain application, and to find out the right match and draw the relationship diagraph, in order to give better guideline for LED users.
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Appendix A. Term Definition
III-V quaternary semiconductor alloy, material of Red / Orange / Yellow / Yellowish-Green LED.
GaAsP Gallium arsenide phosphide
III-V ternary semiconductor alloy, material of Red / Orange / Yellow LED.
LED Light Emitting Diode
It is a semiconductor light source; when a diode is forward biased (switched on), electrons are able to recombine with holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence and the color of the light
(corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor. ( Source from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroluminescence ) lm Lumen The unit of luminous flux.
nm Nanometer An unit of length, equal to one billionth of a meter. It is associated with the wavelength of light of LED.
ODM Original Design Manufacturer
A company which designs and manufactures certain product which is based on the commitment of (or owned by) its client.
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
A company which manufactures certain product which is based on the commitment of (or owned by) its client.
PDA Personal Digital Assistant
It's an eletronic device, the newer DPA could be used as mobile phones, notepad, web browsers, or media players.
SSL Solid State Lighting
The technology uses semi-conducting materials to convert electricity into light. It refers to lighting that uses semiconductor light-emitting diodes (LEDs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) as sources of illumination rather than electrical
filaments, plasma (used in arc lamps such as fluorescent lamps), or gas.
VMS Variable Message Sign
An electronic traffic sign which provides drivers of information about various events, such as: Speed limit, roadwork zone, accident, and often be used in highway.
YAG Yttrium Aluminum
Garnet It is a synthetic crystalline material of the garnet group.
Term Definition Remarks
III-V semiconductors ---- Aluminium antimonide (AlSb), Aluminium arsenide (AlAs), Aluminium nitride (AlN), Aluminium phosphide (AlP), Boron nitride (BN), Boron phosphide (BP), Boron arsenide (BAs), Gallium
antimonide (GaSb), Gallium arsenide (GaAs), Gallium nitride (GaN), Gallium phosphide (GaP), Indium
antimonide (InSb), Indium arsenide (InAs), Indium nitride (InN), Indium phosphide (InP)
III-V ternary semiconductor alloys ---- Aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs), Indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs), Indium gallium phosphide (InGaP), Aluminium indium arsenide (AlInAs), Aluminium indium
antimonide (AlInSb), Gallium arsenide nitride (GaAsN), Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP), Aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN), Aluminium gallium phosphide (AlGaP), Indium gallium nitride (InGaN), Indium arsenide
antimonide (InAsSb), Indium gallium antimonide (InGaSb)
III-V quaternary semiconductor alloys ----Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP),
Aluminium gallium arsenide phosphide (AlGaAsP).
Indium gallium arsenide phosphide (InGaAsP), Aluminium indium arsenide phosphide (AlInAsP), Aluminium gallium arsenide nitride (AlGaAsN), Indium gallium arsenide nitride (InGaAsN), Indium aluminium arsenide nitride (InAlAsN), Gallium arsenide antimonide nitride (GaAsSbN)
(Source from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroluminescence)
Term Definition
II-VI semiconductors --- Cadmium selenide (CdSe), Cadmium sulfide (CdS), Cadmium telluride (CdTe), Zinc oxide (ZnO), Zinc selenide (ZnSe), Zinc sulfide (ZnS), Zinc telluride (ZnTe)
II-VI ternary alloy semiconductors --- Cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe, CZT), Mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe), Mercury zinc telluride (HgZnTe), Mercury zinc selenide (HgZnSe)
( Source from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroluminescence )
Appendix B. Questionnaire (English) Questionnaire
Dear Respondents,
This questionnaire is to investigate the influential factors of LED component
purchasing decision, as well as the quality requirement. Please do kindly spend a few minutes to complete the questionnaire. No personal information will be made public and please be assured that your answer will be kept in strict confidentiality. Your help is crucial for our research. We appreciate very much your valuable opinion and precious time. Thank you!
Yours faithfully,
Monisha Liao
(monishaliao@hotmail.com)
Research student, MBA Program National Chiao Tung University
Instruction: Please give your answer in the ,or select () the one presents
your opinion。
First part: Respondents’ profession category & company business type.
1. Have you ever used, or purchased, or sold LED components? □ Yes □ No If no, please go to the question 3.
2. How many times you have used / purchased / sold LED components？
□ Once □ 2~5 times □ More than 5 times
3. Your job function in the company: □ R&D □ Purchasing □ Sales
□ Others. ______________________ (Please specify)
4. The business type of your company: □ Manufacturer □ Trading company
□ Distributor □ Others. ______________________ (Please specify)
5. Is your company distributor or agent of any LED component manufacturers?
□ Yes □ No
Second part: The influential factors of LED component purchasing decision.
6. In general, what are the main concerns (influential factors) when you purchase LED components: (multiple answer)
□ Quality □ Price □ Delivery □ Service
□ Others: _____________ (Please specify)
7. Please mark the importance of the influential factors:
Quality ---Very important □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 Less important Price ---Very important □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 Less important Delivery ---Very important □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 Less important Service ---Very important □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 Less important Others: ______ ---Very important □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 Less important
8. If you must make above influential factors in SEQUENCE by the importance, what would it be? (A: presents the most important factor, B: the second important factor, then C, then D, …., and so on.)
A: ________________
B: ________________
C: ________________
D: ________________
E: _________________
Third part: The quality requirement of LED components.
9. Regarding the LED quality, is the “ Recessive Factors” (Reliability issue) your most concern? □ Yes □ No
If no, please specify the reason: _______________
10. Among the “ Recessive Factors”, in general, what are the main concerns regarding the quality requirement of LED components? (multiple answer)
□ Life time □ Light decay □ thermal shock resistance □ heat In this research, the quality criteria of LED component is classified (1) “ Dominant Factors” ‐‐‐ Brightness, Wavelength, Forward Voltage, Viewing Angle, Beam Pattern ….etc., (2) “ Recessive Factors” (Reliability issue) ‐‐‐ Life Time, Light Decay, Thermal Shock Resistance, Heat Dissipation …etc.
□ dissipation □ Others. ___________ (Please specify)
11. Please mark the importance of above mentioned influential factors:
Life time ---Very important □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 Less important Light decay---Very important □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 Less important Thermal shock resistance --- □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 Less important Heat dissipation--- □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 Less important Others: _____ --Very important □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 Less important
12. If you must make above influential factors in SEQUENCE by the importance, what would it be? (A: presents the most important factor, B: the second important factor, then C, then D, …., and so on.)
A: ________________
B: ________________
C: ________________
D: ________________
E: _________________
13. Will above important sequence changed, if the LEDs are used in different application ? □ Yes □ No
14. Among the “ Dominant Factors”, in general, what are the main concerns regarding the quality requirement of LED components? (multiple answer)
□ Brightness □ Wavelength □ Voltage □ Viewing angle
□ Beam pattern □ Others. ________________ (Please specify).
15. Please mark the importance of above mentioned influential factors:
Brightness ---Very important □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 Less important Wavelength---Very important □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 Less important Voltage ---Very important □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 Less important Viewing Angle----Very important □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 Less important Beam pattern---Very important □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 Less important Others: ______ ---Very important □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 Less important
16. If you must make above influential factors in SEQUENCE by the importance, what would it be? (A: presents the most important factor, B: the second important factor, then C, then D, …., and so on.)
A: ________________
B: ________________
C: ________________
D: ________________
E: _________________
17. Will above important sequence changed, if the LEDs are used in different application ? □ Yes □ No
Fourth part: LED package type and LED application
18. Have your company used LED components to make products?
□ Yes □ No ( If no, please go to the question 21. )
19. What kind of Application the LED components used?
□ Display □ VMS / Traffic sign □ Street Lamp / lighting □ back-light
□ Others. ___________ (Please specify)
20. What kind of LED type used for your application?
□ Though hole □ Super Flux □ SMD □ Top LED □ Power Top LED
□ High power LED □ Others. ___________ (Please specify)
21. Do you agree the selection of LED type is mainly depended on the LED application?
□ Yes □ No
If no, please specify the reason: _______________
22. Do you agree the quality requirement of LED component for outdoor application, is more crucial than for the indoor usage?
□ Yes □ No
If no, please specify the reason: _______________
Fifth part: Personal information (this data is for analysis purpose only, please do rest assure to fill out the information.)
23. Sex: □ Male □ Female
24. Nationality: __________
***** Please kindly complete this questionnaire, and send it back to the survey student via E-mail: monishaliao@hotmail.com
Thank you for your kind help, and may you have a nice day.
Appendix C. Questionnaire (Chinese) 問卷調查
親愛的各位先進,
這份問卷是為了調查影響LED (發光二極體)元件採購決定的因素, 及其對品質
的要求, 非常感謝您撥空幫忙填寫。本問卷採用匿名方式, 所有個人資料都不會 被公開， 而所填寫的問卷也都會被機密地保存，僅供學術研究之用途，您的幫 忙對我們的研究極為重要， 非常感謝您寶貴的時間及意見，謝謝。
學生： 廖美蘭
(monishaliao@hotmail.com)
管理科學研究所 / 交通大學 請將您的回答填入 ___________ , 或在合適的答案空格內打勾 ()
第一部分: 填寫問卷者之職業別及公司生意型態
1. 您是否曾經使用，或採購， 或銷售 LED 元件？ □ 是 □ 否 如果“否”， 請跳到第 3 題.
2. 您曾經使用，或採購， 或銷售 LED 元件的次數？
□ 一次 □ 二~五次 □ 五次以上
3. 您在公司的工作職務為何？ □ 研發 □ 採購 □ 銷售
□ 其他：______________________ (請註明)
4. 貴公司的生意型態為： □ 工廠 □ 貿易商 □ 經銷商
□ 其他：______________________ (請註明)
5. 貴公司是否為任何一家 LED 元件廠之經銷商或代理？ □ 是 □ 否 第二部分: 影響 LED 元件採購決定的因素
6. 一般而言，您認為採購 LED 元件時最主要的考量點(影響因素)為何？(可複選)
□ 品質 □ 價格 □ 交期 □ 服務
□ 其他：________________ (請註明)
7. 請將以上影響因素之重要性列出於下：
品質 ---非常重要 □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 較不重要 價格 ---非常重要 □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 較不重要 交期 ---非常重要 □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 較不重要 服務 ---非常重要 □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 較不重要 其他：______----非常重要 □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 較不重要
8. 若一定要將以上影響因素依重要性之順序列出, 您的選擇為何? (A 代表最重要之 影響因素, B, C, D, …., 依此類推.)
A: _________
B: _________
C: _________
D: _________
E: _________
第三部分: 對 LED 元件的品質要求
9. 關於 LED 的品質，”隱性因素“(可靠度問題）是否為您最主要的考量？
□ 是 □ 否
如果“否”， 請告知原因： _______________
10. 在所有“ 隱性因素“中，一般而言，哪些是您對 LED 元件品質要求的主要考 量？（可複選）
□ 壽命 □ 光衰 □ 耐熱衝擊 □ 散熱
□ 其他：______________________ (請註明)
11. 請將以上影響因素之重要性列出於下：
壽命 ---非常重要 □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 較不重要 光衰 ---非常重要 □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 較不重要 耐熱衝擊 ---非常重要 □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 較不重要 散熱 ---非常重要 □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 較不重要 其他：_______---非常重要 □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 較不重要
12. 若一定要將以上影響因素依重要性之順序列出, 您的選擇為何? (A 代表最重要 本問卷中將 LED 的品質參數區分為 (1) “ 顯性因素“ ‐‐‐‐ 亮度， 波長， 電壓， 角 度， 光型…等。（2）”隱性因素“（可靠度問題）‐‐‐‐ 壽命，光衰， 耐熱衝擊，
散熱…等。
之影響因素, B, C, D, …., 依此類推.) A: _________
B: _________
C: _________
D: _________
E: _________
13. 以上影響因素之重要性順序是否會因為 LED 用在不同種類的應用而改變？
□ 是 □ 否
14. 在所有“ 顯性因素“中，一般而言，哪些是您對 LED 元件品質要求的主要考量？
（可複選）
□ 亮度 □ 波長 □ 電壓 □ 角度 □ 光型
□ 其他：______________________ (請註明)
15.. 請將以上影響因素之重要性列出於下：
亮度 ---非常重要 □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 較不重要 波長 ---非常重要 □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 較不重要 電壓 ---非常重要 □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 較不重要 角度 ---非常重要 □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 較不重要 光型 ---非常重要 □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 較不重要 其他：______----非常重要 □ 5 □ 4 □ 3 □ 2 □ 1 較不重要
16. 若一定要將以上影響因素依重要性之順序列出, 您的選擇為何? (A 代表最重
16. 若一定要將以上影響因素依重要性之順序列出, 您的選擇為何? (A 代表最重