CHAPTER IV: RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.12 Tsunami Mitigation Strategies
Formulation of the area general concept based on the general conclusion of the analysis of physical and environmental elements of the study area. The general concept will provide an overview of study area arrangement based on mitigation, and may also be the basis of a more detailed formulation of concepts for each element of physical and environmental study area.
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Table 4.13 Elaboration Concept
Review Aspects of Open Space - Protection Functions
Arrangement Condition Reference Discussion
From the result of the Identification of all open spaces in the study area that had been planned as a function of protection, two of the three fields have problems thickness due to lack of land, that is mangrove area at the northern part and the green museum.
Green museum has an additional problem: the lack of thickness, where the thickness is currently only able to withstand the tsunami + 20%.
The identification results of a pool or inundation that possible to be used as open space protection function, this land is very good if used as planting vegetation protection area.
This land qualifies as mangrove planting area, has enough land area and most importantly, the position that located at the front lands of another cultivation area.
Area Characteristic Emphasis on ecological aspects of the arrangement, which prioritize the natural environment.
Natural protection efforts will be combined with structural protection effort (sea-wall)
Arrangement of green open space protection function is only intended as re-planting vegetation on the land that has been provided, there was no attempt to optimize the
quantity of the land. Therefore, protection efforts will be combined with the use of structural protection (sea wall).
(RDTRK Meuraxa, 2007).
Allocation of land for natural open space prioritized, in addition to limit the
development of the building construction.
In coastal areas should
presence the allocation of land for green space that serves as protection for the beach.
(PerMen PU No.05,2008) The area that is included in the protected area is the coastal border area, mangrove forest, and prone to disasters. That is mean, if a coastal region has one of the typology of the three criteria should be designated as protected areas.
(Guidelines for utilization of coastal urban areas, the Director General of Public Works).
Coastal green belt could be barrier separates between two different characters, that is the growth of the city and the conservation of natural elements.
Natural elements of the beach provide many benefits in addition as protection against the coastal threat (McHarg, 2007).
No matter small coastal natural ecosystems that are available, should be maintained
(Vermaat, Thampanya, 2006).
Problems on mangrove area that has lack of area will be overcome by combining the functions of protection to structural elements.
According to the guidelines the location that include mangroves area, coastal border, and prone to disasters should be designated as protected area. Therefore, if possible the diversion of land that should belong to
mangrove also should be done. Because it also considered a threat to the building in the region, and the lack of protection for the area behind it.
Efforts to get back mangrove land in Ulee Lheue area has a complex problem, where people do not want to move from the previous location.
Combines the use of natural and structural elements should be the right choice for now.
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To get the reduction of the tsunami close to 100 %, mangrove land at the north side and the green museum should be expanded to reach a thickness of 200 meters. If viewed at the possible land, then the expansion of the land will look as follows:
Conclusion
From the discussion between the conditions of Ulee Lheu open space arrangement as protection to multiple sources of concepts, it was concluded that the concept is appropriate to address this problem are optimizing the utilization of natural and
structural elements for protection
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Review Aspect of Open Space – Rescue Function
Arrangement Condition Reference Discussion
The whole land (field area, pool, recreation area) have problems with altitude, or height of all the land is below the reach of the tsunami. The lowest land has shortage as high as 5 meters, and the highest high as 1 meter.
The entire open space has sufficient land area to accommodate more than 100 people to evacuate. In fact there is land can accommodate more than 60 000 people.
Area of land required to make a hill as high as 6 meters and can
accommodate 100 persons (100 m2) is 800 m2. The smallest area from the whole area of 834 meter2 field area 3).
Therefore, all of open space area that already identified has sufficient land if it used to make the rescue hill. From the whole area, only one field (field area 4) which not yet accessible by the
evacuation route.
The design of a rescue hill more ecological and natural to the environment than build a escape building. (Saunders, 2008) Coastal area that is not hilly cannot provide protection from the threat of sea. (McHarg, 2007) Creation / addition of a hill in an area can provide a good topographical variations in the design of the city. (Saunders, 2008).
Of the entire land area that identified having enough land to make the hill, and if it viewed from the architectural side, making the hill could be the valuable attraction for the tourist area, and also suitable with the concept of the arrangement of tourist recreation area that has the mitigation concept.
Then making the hill on these areas as rescue space more appropriate than used to construct the building (escape building)
According to City Spatial Detail Planning, Ulee Lheue area has been directed to give priority to the concept of green (natural
environment), where the application leads to maintain open space as much as possible. The main purpose of maintaining open space is to restrict development and restore the natural mangrove land as a natural barrier.
From the two alternative land uses for the existing evacuation function, which uses a building or hill, the hill is more appropriate to the basic concept of the arrangement area.
The addition of the level of land to be able to comply with the rescue of the hill, still supported by the available land area.
The addition required maximum height of 5 meters.
Table 4.14 Review Aspect of Open Space Rescue Function
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Table 4.15 Review Aspect of Circulation Review Aspect of Sirculation
Arrangement Condition Reference Discussion
The entire streets in the area Ulee Lheue, all have been used to reach the safe zone.
Easy access in the context of tsunami vulnerability is defined over the short travel time required to reach the safe area compared to the tsunami arrival time.Saunders, 2008).
The best way to simplify the pattern to achieve the secure area from prone area is to have a direction away from the prone area. If the beach is the area closest to the prone area the pattern of the best path is perpendicular to the direction of the shoreline (FEMA, 2005).
At the seaside boulevard street, road cuts should be added trending perpendicular from the shoreline. (Regulation of the Minister of Public Works No.
06/PRT/M/2009).
According to Spatial Detail Plan Meuraxa City (2007), efforts to improve the quality of evakusi path is to increase the size of the width of the street to meet the emergency capacity. The main
consideration is the prone area to an area with high activity, such as coastal and harbor.
The addition of a new road that cuts boulevard (road A) will meet with the B road that stands behind it.
The road must be the bridge, because in between both sides is there an estuary.
The addition of an
additional road on the way A can shorten the distance from the harbor to the safe area.
On the road B there is a plan of evacuation collector road, which cut
perpendicular to the road. If the path is passed to the north will cut the A roads as well.
The position of these additional roads are more appropriate than in other locations. Because if the road could serve the users of the port, it will reduce the intensity of the A road that serves the users at attractions area as well.
In addition, the road will be constantly away from the beach because it is directly connected with the
collector evacuation route.
71 Concept
The concept of emergency circulation patterns arrangements in high-threat zones
Conclusion
From the above discussion, it was concluded that the effort to reorganize the pattern of circulation, of the mileage aspect, corresponding to Ulee Lheue problems are optimization of
connectedness of evacuation routes with the use of the environment road.
Concept:
1. Both the main road in the direction of the shoreline (A and B roads) are made the road cut away from the coast at the most appropriate point.
2. At prone areas will be optimized the environment roads as evacuation routes, especially the perpendicular from the beach and can be connected to the main evacuation routes easily.
Table 4.16 Planning of Optimization of Evacuation Route
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Figure 4.11 Ulee Lheue map
Figure 4.12 the Location of Open Space for Protection and Recreation Area
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Figure 4.13 Detail A. Green Museum Areas
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Figure 4.14 Detail B. Recreation Area
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Figure 4.15 Detail C. Mangrove Area
Figure 4.16 Detail D. Tourism Area
From the analysis process of the problem identification stage to formulate the concept of structuring the most appropriate arrangement for space utilization of the
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Ulee Lheue waterfront area as a tourism area based on tsunami mitigation to support the concept of waterfront city, it can be concluded that:
1. In general, the activities undertaken in the area consists of the routine activities, performances and visitor activities. Routine activity could describe as daily activities that people do in the area. Event activity, an activity that deliberately or held regularly in the area as one form of entertainment that was given to visitors. These activities can give 'doubling effect' that can benefit the development sector of Ulee Lheue waterfront recreation area. Visitor activity, defined as the activity of local people or tourists with the intention of shopping, recreation and vacation.
2. Service facilities are generally available include restaurants, trade and services as well as infrastructure in the waterfront area. However, the development of service facilities with a higher standard such as souvenir center development and art galleries should be considered to complete and provide many options for the visitors.
3. Problems faced in the space utilization is the lack of environmental hygiene conditions maintained, the problem of parking areas and street vendors as well as management is not yet integrated.
4. From the Identification result of the arrangement problem, the Ulee Lheue beach is a tsunami-prone area and the typology of the flat region.
5. Vulnerability arrangement at issue is based on the zoning of land use that has been set not based on identification of susceptibility zones.
6. Using a green open space protection as main protection is in accordance with the concept of tsunami mitigation in tourism area, but there are great dangers which require additional structural protection such as sea-wall. For the concept and function of the Ulee Lheue waterfront as tourism area, the use of sea-wall also has a height limitation to not interfere with beach view.
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
This study addresses two general issues. First, analyzes and discusses the space utilization of Ulee Lheue waterfront area as a tourism area and the second analyzes and discusses the quality and the concept of tsunami mitigation in Ulee Lheue waterfront tourism area that function as a protection and rescue. Each analysis is a stage to achieve the research objectives. Analysis of the first phase is to formulate the arrangement concept of waterfront recreation areas that resulted from observation, synthesis, and several sources, such as theory, and regulation. Further analysis is to identify the arrangement problem by reviewing the vulnerability of physical elements and environmental. This analysis produces the facts regarding the arrangement condition of the waterfront recreation area in the aspects of tsunami mitigation. Result from this final analysis is a structuring concept of Ulee Lheue waterfront recreation area-based on tsunami mitigation. This chapter is the final part of the study, which consists of conclusions and recommendations from the analysis results and the concept formulation of space utilization of the Ulee Lhee waterfront tourism area based on tsunami mitigation to support waterfront city development in Banda Aceh.
According to discussion in chapter four, based on the SWOT methods that have been used to identify the optimization of waterfront as tourism area, it is known the internal factors of waterfront tourism area development based on the potential and the problems of the area. Ulee Lheue waterfront area has many potential that can be develop into tourist area, beautiful panorama of the waterfront area, tsunami relics that owned by the Ulee Lheue waterfront, religion and cultural attraction for visitor, and the easy access to the area become a supporting factor the development of waterfront recreation area, especially the completeness of water and land transportation. Intensity and the routine use of area as a place to hold the locally events and internationally events could support the development of recreational area.
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Common problems of Ulee Lheue waterfront area is potential threat of a huge tsunami because the position is very close to the source of the disaster, the shape of a flat area, and has no protection (both natural and structural) to protect the land. The best way is using the green open spaces and natural element as protection especially in areas that have the development concept based of ecology development environments such as Ulee Lheue beach. Structural protection still used but as an additional function, considering the potential threat of enormous tsunamis in the region. Based on the adjustment method that used to analyze the quality of open space as protection, rescue, and circulation, the existing condition of open space as protection is sufficient enough to protect the land from tsunami but it still require the expansion of planting mangrove area using the land inundation area to optimize the protection. The open space as rescue area has to optimize the hilly area to make the population can reach the safe place faster.
The existing condition of open space as rescue function is sufficient to accommodate the people and easy in access, but the height of land still not meet the save altitude. The arrangement pattern of evacuation route will be optimized to take advantage of the additional neighborhood streets that have not been determined as a function of the rescue, especially roads that connect between the main evacuation routes and it also necessary to perform the completeness of evacuation routes and special marker evacuation.
5.2 Recommendation
Looking at the increasing activities of the people of Banda Aceh, the need for a place to release the saturation (recreation area) is required, and one object that is appropriate to be developed into a recreation area is the coastal area, especially due to the enthusiasm of people who really like a vacation to coastal areas and supported by the beauty of the coastal Aceh that is very potential to develop as natural tourism area.
Nowadays, phenomenon developing in the waterfront area is a tourism support activities that are less well managed and ordered, not yet formed a unified management of both the government of Banda Aceh as well as area manager. If the area is laid out and developed to suit its intended purpose then it will have a positive impact on the growth and development of the construction sector in the city of Banda Aceh.
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According to findings and result of study in chapter four, several recommendations are as follows:
1. The study recommended a specific master plan of zoning arrangement and application strategies on structuring the recreational waterfront area based on tsunami mitigation.
2. For further study, the effectiveness of mangrove and another coastal vegetation types to minimize tsunami needed to investigate more deeply.
3. It also needed the advanced research that addresses the problem of recreational coastal areas based on local cultural heritage aspects of the waterfront area.
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