成敗自我價值後效對大學生憂鬱傾向的效果
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(2) 66. Journal of Education & Psychology March, 2015, Vol. 38 No. 1, pp. 65-91. The Effects of the Success and Failure Contingencies of Self-Worth on College Students’ Depression Tendencies Cheng-Hong Liu*. Abstract. People differ in the contingencies of self-worth (CSW) which determined how much their views of self-worth would fluctuate in response to positive and negative events. Previous studies demonstrated that those with higher levels of CSW show more depressive symptoms. However, after dividing people’s CSW in achievement domain into two dimensions of success and failure CSW, the current study proposed that only those with higher levels of failure CSW would show more depressive symptoms, and those with higher levels of success CSW would show less depressive symptoms. The data of 436 undergraduates showed that after taking into account both the success and the failure CSW as predictors, two-dimensional CSW predictors had better predictive value for depression tendencies than one-dimensional CSW predictor.. Keywords: failure contingencies of self-worth, contingencies of self-worth, success contingencies of self-worth, depression tendencies *. Cheng-Hong Liu: Associate Professor, Center for Teacher Education, National Tsing Hua University E-mail: [email protected] Manuscript received: 2014.03.17; Revised: 2014.07.21; Accepted: 2014.09.14.
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(24) 88 教育與心理研究 38 卷 1 期. 敗後效對於憂鬱傾向的預測效果高於單. 或成敗事件的解釋，可能會因個體的不. 向度成敗後效，但由於本研究所探討的. 同背景、特質而存在差異（例如文化、. 自我價值後效領域，和過去文獻所探討. 性別、成就動機等），因此未來研究值. 的自我價值後效領域並不相同，所使用. 得在本研究基礎下，進一步探討個體的. 的測量工具也有所差異，因此本研究所. 不同背景或特質變項是否可能影響到個. 發現「雙向度後效相較於單向度後效，. 體成功或失敗後效的高低，甚至影響成. 可以提升對憂鬱傾向預測效果」的結. 功與失敗後效對於憂鬱傾向的預測效. 論，能否類推到過去研究所提及的其他. 果。最後，本研究以調查法方式進行探. 外在或內在自我價值後效領域，仍需要. 討，並無法提供支持自我價值後效與憂. 後續研究的釐清。另外，除了憂鬱傾向. 鬱傾向因果關係的直接證據，未來研究. 外，先前研究也發現自我價值後效和動. 值得以實驗法或其他研究方法，來對相. 機 與 自 我 調 整 行 為 （ Crocker et al,. 關現象進行更深入的探討。. 2006 ）、 問 題 行 為 （ Crocker, 2002; Luhtanen & Crocker, 2005 ）、 依 附 （Park et al., 2004）等許多變項有關， 但這些研究普遍採取單向度自我價值後 效的觀點進行預測，並發現求得的預測 力不高（β大多低於 .20）。未來研究似 乎值得進一步探討雙向度的觀點，能否 提升自我價值後效對這些變項的預測 力。接著，在研究結果與綜合討論處提 及失敗後效對憂鬱傾向的預測力高於成 功後效，顯示國內參與者對於負向事件 的重視程度可能高於正向事件，而這樣 的傾向是否和國內教育情境中，教師或 家長在進行教育工作或提供回饋時，較 聚焦與強調「負向結果的重要性」，而 較忽略「正向結果的存在與意義」有 關？相當值得教育相關人員思考與後續 研究的探討。此外，如先前討論處所 述，由於個體對於成就事件的重視程度. 參考文獻 余民寧、黃馨瑩、劉育如（2011）。「台灣 憂鬱症量表」心理計量特質分析報 告。測驗學刊，58，479-500。 【Yu, M. N., Huang, H. Y., & Liu, Y. J. (2011). The development and psychometric study of Taiwan Depression Scale. Psychological Testing, 58, 479-500.】. 余民寧、劉育如、李仁豪（2008）。台灣憂 鬱症量表的實用決斷分數編製報告。 教育研究與發展期刊，4，231-257。 【Yu, M. N., Liu, Y. J., & Li, R. H. (2008). The practical usage of cutoff score in the Taiwanese Depression Scale. Journal of Educational Research and Development, 4, 231-257.】. 李靜如、林邦傑、修慧蘭（2011）。成人依 附、社交自我效能、困擾的自我揭 露、寂寞與憂鬱之關係：以有戀愛經 驗的大學生為例。教育心理學報， 43，155-174。 【Li, C. J., Lin, P. C., & Hsiu, H. L. (2011). The relationships among adult attachment, social self-efficacy, distress self-disclosure, loneliness and depression of college.
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