多向度完美主義對國中生使用正、負向學習策略之預測效應
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(2) 100. Journal of Education & Psychology March, 2010, Vol. 33 No. 1, pp. 99-118. The Predicting Effects of Multidimensional Perfectionism on Junior High Students’ Use of Positive vs. Negative Learning Strategies Shu-Shen Shih*. Abstract. By conceptualizing perfectionism as a multidimensional construct, the present study attempted to explore the relations of the interpersonal (parental expectation and parental criticism) as well as intrapersonal (personal standards, order and organization, doubting the quality of one’s performance, and concern over making mistakes) dimensions of perfectionism to 481 eighth-grade students’ use of cognitive strategies and help-avoidance tendencies. Results from the present study indicated that: (1) parental expectation positively predicted both adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism. Parental criticism negatively predicted adaptive perfectionism, whereas the very predictor was positively associated with maladaptive perfectionism. (2) Variables including personal standards and an emphasis on order and organization positively predicted students’ use of cognitive strategies, whereas parental criticism negatively predicted this outcome variable. Both personal standards and an emphasis on order and organization negatively predicted help avoidance, whereas parental criticism and doubting the quality of one’s performance positively predicted students’ reluctance to seek academic help. Implications for counseling practices and future research are discussed.. *. Shu-Shen Shih: Professor, The Institute of Teacher Education, National Chengchi University E-mail: shusshen@nccu.edu.tw. Manuscript received: 2009.03.23; Revised: 2009.06.22; Accepted: 2009.09.24.
(3) 101. Keywords: adaptive vs. maladaptive perfectionism, cognitive strategy use, avoidance of help seeking.
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