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建構媒體知識管理架構之研究―以平面媒體為例

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國立政治大學經營管理碩士學程

資訊管理組論文

指導教授:周宣光博士

建構媒體知識管理架構之研究

-以平面媒體為例

研究生:李雪雯

中華民國九十三年六月

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論文摘要

企管大師Michael Porter 一再強調「差異化」是企業之所以能勝 出的主要關鍵,Peter Drucker 更宣稱:「知識」將是未來企業唯一, 且能夠生產社會與經濟利益的最重要資財。 知識管理可以將知識儲存在組織之內,降低企業的成本,並增加 獲利,進而提高企業的競爭力優勢。媒體也是企業的一種經營形態, 因此,如何透過知識管理將平面媒體內、外的智慧資本彙整並儲存在 組織中,以利組織成員分享與運用,繼而產生獨特的差異性與競爭優 勢,已經是媒體越來越關心的重要課題。 但是,知識管理的架構會隨著產業特性與企業需求而有差異。因 此,想要幫助平面媒體利用知識管理,來面對未來更激烈的競爭環 境,就必須有不同於產業或知識特質的架構與建議。 民國77 年的報禁解除,使得國內平面媒體面臨高度競爭的壓 力;而科技的日新月益、閱聽人的閱讀習慣與需求的改變,也迫使媒 體朝向提供更多元及多樣化的新聞內容服務。 因此,本研究希望透過綜合的分析與探討,找出平面媒體所面臨 的問題與困境,試著利用資訊科技的幫助,提出適合平面媒體參考的 知識管理整合性系統架構、步驟、作法與建議,以便提升其企業競爭 力。 綜合有關知識管理的理論架構,再配合平面媒體產業的特性,本 研究試著為傳統平面媒體,規劃出兩種未來可能獲利的經營模式― 「新聞來源供應商」與「綜合新聞供應商」,同時為其擬出可行的知 識管理架構,以及分 4 個階段―「認知覺醒與發展策略」、「經營模式 與知識確認」、「設計、規劃與導入」,以及「評估與調整」階段,與 3 大層面―「策略」、「知識」與「科技」的建議。 關鍵字:媒體、知識、知識管理、媒體經營、媒體趨勢、知識管理系 統架構

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Abstract

Michael Porter, Professor at Harvard Business School and one of the top 50 business intellectuals of our time, claims that “differentiation” is the key to stand out in a highly competitive environment. Peter Drucker, professor of management and the founder of California-based Leader to Leader Foundation, suggests that “knowledge” is the only asset the future businesses could depend on in generating social and economic benefits.

Knowledge management is the one way to preserve the knowledge generated in the process of management for an enterprise. It decreases management cost and generates revenue at the same time. Therefore, knowledge management is also a way to enhance competitive edge. Mass media, like other management entities, could also apply principles of knowledge management to enhance their competitive edge. How to integrate the intellectual capital through mechanisms of knowledge management, how to share the knowledge stored in the mechanism in more efficient ways, and, how could the media differentiate themselves from their competitators to enhance competitive edge, have become critical issue not only for management, but also for survival.

However, the mechanism or infrastructure of knowledge management is varied for different industries due to the nature of

different management requirements. What can be applied in a software company may not be suitable at all for mass media.

Two significant changes accelerate and reinforce the innovation of the Press: the law that limits the numbers of content providers and the law that limits the amount of contents were both banned. In the mean time, the overall reading habit change enabled by the innovation of digital technology also facilitates the renovation of Press. News providers are now facing challenges in providing diversified contents for readers of different habits and tastes.

This research aims at proposing appropriate knowledge management infrastructures by synthesizing the dilemma as well as opportunities media confront in a digital era. Classical literature regarding knowledge management infrastructure and media studies, especially the properties of the Press, help me frame and identify two profitable knowledge

management infrastructures: News Supplier and News Content Provider. More than providing the possible infrastructures, I also concluded four phases to implement the infrastructure and three perspectives as lenses to

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examine the infrastructures. The four phrases are (1) awareness and strategic development; (2) management model and knowledge assurance; (3) design, plan and implementation and (4) evaluation and adjustment. The three perspectives are (1) strategy, (2) knowledge and (3) technology.

Key words: media, knowledge, KM, Knowledge Management, Media Management, KM framework

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目錄

第一章 序論………..1 第一節 研究背景與動機………..1 第二節 研究目的………..6 第三節 研究步驟………..7 第四節 研究架構………..8 第五節 研究限制………..9 第二章 文獻探討………11 第一節 知識………11

壹、資料(Data)、資訊(Information)、知識(Knowledge)與 智慧(Wisdom)………11 貳、資料、資訊、知識與智慧間的關係………14 參、知識的分類………15 第二節 知識管理………18 壹、知識管理的定義………18 貳、為什麼需要知識管理………19 參、知識管理的重要性………20 第三節 知識管理的理論架構………22 壹、程序面(導入流程)………22 貳、架構面(關鍵要素)………29 第三章 台灣平面媒體產業現況………38 第一節 平面媒體產業介紹………38 壹、平面媒體的定義………38 貳、國內平面媒體的歷史、發展與現況………38

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參、報紙與雜誌的作業流程與經營特性………41 肆、我國平面媒體產業的競爭狀況分析………48 第二節 新科技對平面媒體的影響與因應………54 壹、科技與新聞傳播間的關係………54 貳、新科技對傳統平面媒體的影響………55 參、傳統(平面)媒體對新科技的因應……….58 肆、網路的特性以及與傳統媒體的比較………59 伍、知識管理對平面媒體的影響………61 第三節未來平面媒體的趨勢與發展………..62 壹、傳統媒體間的界線模糊―平面媒體不會消失,而同一媒體所 呈現的方式可以很多元,包括使用不同的載體與不同的出刊 期………..62 貳、由大眾與單一媒體走向小眾與互動媒體………64 參、媒體參與者工作型態轉變………64 肆、獲利來源多元化………67 伍、經營模式的轉變………69 第四章 平面媒體應用知識管理的分析………71 第一節 國內平面媒體的知識管理………71 壹、國內有關平面媒體知識管理的研究………71 貳、媒體知識管理的現況分析………74 參、媒體與記者擁有的知識………78 第二節 媒體有關知識管理與蓄積的架構………82 第三節 平面媒體導入知識管理的架構………85 壹、知識管理的三大構面與建議………86 貳、知識管理的建議架構圖………87 第四節 平面媒體實現知識管理的規劃步驟與模式………88

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壹、認知覺醒與發展策略階段………89 貳、經營模式知識確認的階段………91 參、設計、規劃及導入階段……….99 肆、評估與調整階段………..103 第五章 結論與建議………..104 第一節 結論………..104 第二節 研究建議………..105 第六章 參考文獻………-…106

參考文獻

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