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透明度與司法人員考選制度的興革

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౅ځޘᄃΦڱˠࣶ҂Ᏼטޘ̝Ꮈࢭ

ౘ೎ᛟ*

ώኢ͛૟ଣ੅ԧ઼Φڱˠࣶ҂ᏴטޘયᗟĂү۰ܜഇࡁտέ៉۞ڱጯିֈ֭д2001 ѐഇมĂତצ҂Ᏼొ؎੉ซҖĶΦڱءăޠर҂ྏྏᗟ࠹ᙯયᗟ̶ژ૞९ࡁտķĄдώ͛ ̚Ăү۰ဘྏ૟ᇇ઼2002ѐڱޠˠڱጯିֈᄃ઼छ҂ྏטޘ۞ԼࢭགྷរΐͽᄲځĂԓ୕ ਕૉѣӄٺԧ઼ᑢؠ઼छΦڱˠࣶ҂Ᏼטޘॡ̝ણ҂Ăү۰дώ͛̚၆ٺϫ݈ԧ઼Φڱ ҂ྏטޘ۞ᐂפதͽ̈́׻ᗟăዦᗟ͞ё೩΍ޙᛉԼࢭćԓ୕౅࿅Φڱ҂ྏ۞ڱט̼ă౅ ځ̼ឰԧ઼۞҂ᏴטޘѣٙԼซĄԓ୕઼छ౅࿅҂ᏴטޘΞͽᏴפዋ༊ˠ̖֭೩چ઼छ ۞ᚮۋ˧Ą˘࣎р۞Φڱ҂ᏴטޘᏴ΍р۞ڱޠˠ̖Ăឰ΁ࣇΞͽ᎕ໂણᄃ઼छڱڼ̼ ᄃˠᝋܲᅪ̍үĄ ᙯᔣфĈڱጯିֈăΦڱԼࢭă҂Ᏼטޘă̳ચˠࣶăΦڱءăޠर

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Transparency and Innovation of the Judicial

Examination & Selection System

Hwei-syin Chen

Abstract

This paper aims to explore the problems involved in the judicial examination & selection system in Taiwan. The author of this paper has conducted a long-term research on the law education of Taiwan. Moreover, during the year 2001, the author was commissioned by the Ministry of Examination to undertake ņA Special Case Study of Problem Analyses of Judiciary and Lawyer Examination Questions.Ň In this paper, through expounding the experiences of reforms in the law education for law people and the national examination system during 2002 in Germany, the author hopes to provide helpful references for the framing of the judicial examination & selection system in Taiwan. In addition, the author also advances suggestions on reforms in the rate of enrollment, examination question formulation, and examination paper review of the judicial examination system. Through legalization and transparency of the judicial examination, the judicial examination & selection system in Taiwan may be reformed for the purposes of selecting distinguished judicial members for the government and meanwhile raising the national competitiveness. The reforms may afford more possibilities for law people to actively participate in the tasks of national legalization and human rights guaranteeing.

Keywords: law education, judicial reformation, examination & selection system, public servants, the judiciary, lawyer

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ಥă݈֏

ώኢ͛૟ଣ੅ԧ઼Φڱˠࣶ҂Ᏼטޘ યᗟĂү۰ܜഇࡁտέ៉۞ڱጯିֈ֭д 2001ѐഇมତצ҂Ᏼొ؎੉ซҖĶΦڱ ءăޠर҂ྏྏᗟ࠹ᙯયᗟ̶ژ૞९ࡁ տķĄдώ͛̚Ă૟੫၆ԧ઼னҖΦڱˠ ࣶ҂ྏטޘ၆ٺڱጯିֈ۞ᇆᜩͽ̈́҂ྏ טޘώ֗࠹ᙯયᗟĂΐͽଣ੅ĄΩγĂώ ͛૟౅࿅ᄲځᇇ઼2002ѐڱޠˠڱጯିֈ ᄃ઼छ҂ྏטޘ۞ԼࢭགྷរĂ೩ֻԧ઼҂ ྏੰдᑢؠ઼छΦڱˠࣶ҂Ᏼטޘॡ̝ણ ҂Ą

෮ă઼छΦڱ҂ྏטޘ၆ٺέ

៉ڱጯିֈ۞ᇆᜩᄃӧဩ

έ៉۞ڱޠវטஎצለౙă઼࡚ă͟ ώڱט۞ᇆᜩĂέ៉Ч̂ጯڱޠրጯϠĂ дጯ௫ڱޠ۞૞ຽኝ඀۞࿅඀̚Ăޝԣ۞ ൴னĂ΁ࣇੵ˞ࢋᄮᙊέ៉۞ڱఢቑĂՀ ᅮࢋᄮᙊᇇ઼ă઼࡚ă͟ώٕ۰ࡻ઼۞ڱ ఢቑĄд̂ጯڱޠրି଱ڱޠ͹ࢋࡊϫ۞ ҁरĞּтϔڱăЖڱăጳڱٕЧ჌෦఩ ڱࡊϫğĂــҋᛇٕ̙ҋᛇгĂдᄲځ έ៉ڱޠវטॡĂܢ૲۞̬௜ᇇ઼ă઼࡚ ٕ͟ώ۞ڱޠវրĄ׎̚ͽᇇ઼ڱޠఢቑ វט۞ᇆᜩ౵ࠎព඾1Ą ̙࿅Ăᔵ൒έ៉۞ڱఢቑវրצזᇇ ઼ᇆᜩࠤஎĂҭߏĂͿ௟៍၅Ă׎၁έ៉ ᚶצᇇ઼ڱޠវט̙֭ၔغĄЯࠎᇆᜩ˘ ઼࣎छڱఢቑߏӎਕૉར၁۞׎΁ࢦࢋ੨ इନ߉ĂּтĂڱጯିֈטޘᄃڱޠˠ۞ ዳјטޘă҂ྏטޘĂౌѣٙᇆᜩĄ҃έ ៉ݒѣྫྷᇇ઼۞វטԆБ̙Т۞҂ྏטޘ ᄃڱޠˠዳјטޘĄдέ៉ѣᙯڱጯିֈ טޘᄃڱޠˠዳјטޘĂΒ߁ጯ७ିֈ۞ ኝ඀ă͞ёĂڱޠˠ઼छ҂ྏטޘ˜Ҍٺ ڱޠˠ઼छ҂ྏ۞ᐂפதĂࠤҌѣᙯڱޠ ˠዳј࿅඀̚۞၁௫טޘĂӮᄃᇇ઼ă࡚ ઼ѣޝ̂۞मள2Ą఺ֱमள၆ٺέ៉ᚶצ γ઼טޘ۞ड़ڍ༊൒யϠᇆᜩĄ тڍଂטޘኢ۞நኢĂԧࣇΞͽᒢྋ טޘߏˠᙷࠎםአكѩม̢જҖࠎ҃నࢍ ۞˘ֱࢨטĄטޘΒ߁ϒё۞ڱ΄ఢౢă ׏ౢטޘăݵࡗĂͽ̈́ܧϒё۞̼͛ă௫ ܸăᆊࣃ៍ᄃҖࠎఢቑඈ3ĄܕѐֽĂۤົ ጯăڱጯࡁտٙ൴ण΍۞Ķາטޘኢķந ኢĂૻአੵ˞ڱఢ۞ٲՁ˧γĂ֭੅ኢ௡ ᖐ၆טޘᒖဩ۞ዋᑕă௡ᖐ̰ొ۞טޘĂ ֭ ͷ ᔘ ڦ ࢦ ࣎ ˠ Җ જ ۞ Ķ ѣ ࢨ ந ّ ķ (bounded rationality)Ą༊ˠࣇ̙ਕᒔ଀ߙ ჌טޘ۞ԆፋྤੈॡĂــΞਕд̙ቁؠ ׶ኑᗔ۞ଐဩ̚ઇ΍ՙඉĂ҃఺࣎ՙඉ࿅ 1ણ҂ౘ೎ᛟĂ2005ѐ3͡ĂIJڱጯ૞ຽିֈԼࢭ۞நه-ͽέ៉ăᇇ઼ࠎּijќٺ2005ѐ4͡Į͡όڱጯᗔᄫį ĞNo.119ğĂ૞ᗟᓾळƝΦڱԼࢭᄃିֈրЕĄώኢ͛അགྷٺ2004ѐ9͡24͟൴ܑٺڱચొٙᓝᏱ̝ĶΦڱԼࢭૄᖂ̍ ඀-ڱጯିֈ̝ࢭາ઼ᅫڱጯࡁ੅ົķĄ 2ણ҂เϲĂIJ઼छ҂ྏטޘᄃڱጯିֈ̢̝જᙯܼijĂќٺĮڱጯିֈԼࢭጯఙࡁ੅ົኢ͛ะįĂௐ4ࢱĄέ៉̂ጯڱ ޠጯੰᄃέ̂ڱጯૄܛົϔ઼91ѐ3͡30͟͹Ᏹ̝ࡁ੅ົĄॲፂเϲି଱۞̶ژĂ઼࡚ڱጯੰՏѐොΊᓁˠᇴࡗࠎ13 ༱ˠĂՏѐௐ1ѐˢጯ۞ጯϠࡗ4༱ˠνΠĂҭՏѐ఼࿅ޠर҂ྏ̈́ॾ۰ࠎ5༱6˼ዶˠĂЯѩֶเϲି଱۞ࢍზĂд ઼࡚ޠर҂ྏ۞ৌϒᐂפதᑕྍࡗд96%νΠĄ 3ĶາטޘኢķߏܕѐֽдۤົࡊጯࠧᎸ੓۞˘჌நኢ៍ᕇĂ͹ࢋຐͽטޘЯ৵ֽྋᛖགྷᑻҖજ̈́གྷᑻ௡ᖐ۞ሀёĂ າטޘኢপҾࢦෛϒё̈́ܧϒёఢቑ۞ᇆᜩ˧Ă֭၆௫ܸă̼͛ăܫЇăᙯܼඈඈቑᘞѣ඾ྵ੼۞ୂຏޘĄώኢ͛ ဘྏϡιֽᄲځέ៉۞Φڱ҂ྏטޘтңᇆᜩ඾ڱጯିֈ̚۞ିጯͽ̈́ጯϠ۞ጯ௫ҖࠎĄᙯٺѩ͞ࢬ۞੅ኢኛણ҂ ᜪمරĂIJۤົྻજ۞Ķ፟ၹ̼ķĈࣘኢܧᒉӀ௡ᖐд̳ϔۤົ̚۞֎Ғij

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඀ޝटٽצזధкࢨט4Ąтڍϡາטޘኢ ۞நኢֽኘέ៉ϫ઼݈छΦڱˠࣶ҂ྏט ޘ၆ٺέ៉ڱጯିֈ۞ᇆᜩĂٕధΞͽឰ ˠᒢྋέ៉ϫ݈צڱጯିֈ۰۞ӧဩ֭ဘ ྏ౅࿅҂ྏטޘ۞నࢍΐͽԼតĄ

˘ă઼ छ Φ ڱ ˠ ࣶ ҂ ྏ ۞ ᐂ פ த

ҲĂֹ଀̂ጯڱޠጯրጯϠጯ

௫јಶຏҲ

ԧ઼னล߱д̂ጯତצڱޠିֈ۞ጯ Ϡ̚Ăѣܧ૱̂۞ּͧߏͽણΐ઼छ҂ྏ јࠎΦڱءăޠरٕᑭ၅ءࠎ΁ࣇጯ௫ڱ ޠ۞౵ޢϫᇾĄ൒҃Ă఺ֱጯϠдᏴፄಶ ᝝ڱޠրॡĂ̙֭ᒢྋϫ઼݈छΦڱ҂ྏ טޘ۞ېڶĄڱޠጯր۞ጯϠд̂ጯڱጯ ିֈ̚˵՟ѣ፟ົБ൒۞ᒢྋĂ΁ࣇдல ຽॡ૟ࢬ၆઼छΦڱ҂ྏטޘ۞Ҳᐂפத ଐԛĄ˘ό΁ࣇฟؕᄮۢז఺࣎ன၁ଐဩ ॡĂధкڱޠր۞ጯϠĂд̂ጯڱޠրጯ ௫ڱޠॡĂೀͼౌͽ઼छΦڱˠࣶ҂ྏࡊ ϫүࠎ΁ࣇڱޠጯ௫۞ࢦ͕Ą၆ٺ઼छΦ ڱˠࣶ҂ྏ̙҂Ᏼ۞ࡊϫĂ΁ࣇጯ௫Ꮈ኷ ــҲརĄ ү۰д2003ѐ2͡ז5͡มĂٺซҖି ֈొ؎੉Ă߆ڼ̂ጯྃӄ۞Ķڱޠˠڱຍ ᙊޙၹęέ៉ڱጯૄᖂିֈனڶ̝ᑭ੅ᄃ ݈ᖀķࡁտࢍ൪ॡĂᄃ11࣎̄ࢍ൪͹޺ ˠĂВТ੫၆༊ॡέ៉̏གྷѣ̂˘ז̂α ۞ڱޠրጯϠ۞12ٙ̂ጯڱޠրĂ੫၆ಶ ᝝3ă4ѐ৺۞ڱޠրጯϠĂซҖયסአ ߤĄ఺ֱ̂ጯ̶Ҿࠎࣧ̚ăᅛ็ă̼͛ă ڌӓăڌঔăέΔ̂ăέ̂ă̚ϒă͵ າă߆̂ăᅃ̥ăϛईඈ5Ąаќѣड़۞ય סᓁࢍ1,481ЊĄ׎̚շّጯϠొ̶744 ЊẴّጯϠొ̶737ЊĄĶڱޠˠڱຍ ᙊޙၹęέ៉ڱጯૄᖂିֈனڶ̝ᑭ੅ᄃ ݈ᖀķࡁտࢍ൪дયס۞ௐ˟ᗟ̚Ăય זĈĶҰᛇ଀Ұهڱޠ૟ֽ౵͹ࢋ۞ఢထ ߏ̦ᆃ(ಏᏴ)Ăଂаќ۞1,481Њયס̚Ă ൴னаඍĶͽણΐ઼छ҂ྏĂ༊ޠरΦڱ ءٕ̳ચࣶķ۰Вѣࡗ1,000ˠĂҫᓁаඍ ˠᇴࡗ68%νΠ6Ą఺Њયסඕڍពϯέ៉ ధкซڱޠր۞ጯϠĂߏͽણΐ઼छ҂ྏ үࠎಶ᝝ڱޠր۞͹ࢋఢထϫᇾĄ тڍ૟ڱޠրጯϠٙఢထ۞ϫᇾྫྷ። ѐֽԧ઼઼छΦڱ҂ྏ۞ᐂפଐԛΐͽ̶ ژĂົ൴ன̂ొ̶۞ڱޠրጯϠĂдலຽ ޢਕૉ྿ז׎ఢထϫᇾ۞ˠĂּͧܧ૱ ҲĄֶ҂Ᏼొ௚ࢍ1950ѐז1990ѐĞϔ઼ 39ѐז89ѐğมĂણΐĶ૞ܝᖚຽ̈́ԫఙ ˠ ࣶ ੼ ඈ ҂ ྏ ޠ र ҂ ྏ ̚ ķĂ ಡ ҂ ˠ ᇴ ĞѨğВ87,949ˠĂĞ఺̚มޝкˠՏѐࢦ ኑಡ҂ğĂז҂ˠᇴĞѨğࠎ67,778ˠĂᓁ Вᐂפ˞4,490ˠĂ˵ಶߏπӮ̈́ॾத่д 6.62%νΠ7Ą҃дΦڱء҂ྏొ̶ĂՏѐ Φڱء҂ྏ۞ᐂפˠᇴߏͽ઼̰Чг͞ڱ 4Т݈ොĄ 5έ៉ܕѐֽᆧΐ˞20-30к࣎ڱޠրٙĂϫ݈тڍ૟ੑགྷڱޠጯրăڱޠࡊᅫፋЪࡁտٙă͛ିڱޠࡁտٙඈ࠹ᙯڱ ޠրٙΐ੓ֽĂ̏གྷѣ38࣎࠹ᙯրٙĄҭд2002ѐү۰ٙ͹޺۞ࡁտࢍ൪ซҖયסॡĂ่10кٙ̂ጯѣ̂˘ז̂α ۞ڱޠրጯϠĄЯѩĂ༊ॡࡁտࢍ൪۞͹޺ˠВТ੅ኢĂՙؠયס่੫၆12кٙ̂ጯڱޠր3ă4ѐ৺ጯϠซҖĄ 6ણ҂ౘ೎ᛟĂ2005ѐ4͡ĂIJڱጯ૞ຽିֈԼࢭ۞நهijĂќٺĮ͡όڱጯį119ഇĂᄂΔξĈ̮໰΍ۍ̳ΦĂ155-157 ࢱĄ 7ѩ˘ᐂפதߏͽז҂ˠᇴᄃ༊ѐפ଀ޠरྤॾ۞ˠᇴ۞ּͧზ΍Ă҃ܧͽಡЩˠᇴּͧზ΍Ăӎ݋ᐂפத૟ՀҲĄ ׎̚дϔ઼59ѐă62ѐă67ѐͽ̈́71ѐ۞ᐂפத̶Ҿࠎ0.81%ă0.87%ă0.75%Ă 0.34%Ă่д1989ז1993ѐม̈́1999

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ੰٙᅮࢋ۞ڱءᄃᑭ၅ءˠᇴүࠎ༊ѐᐂ פˠᇴ۞ᇾ໤Ąଂϔ઼86ѐז90ѐ̝มΦ ڱءᐂפத̂ࡗд3~5%̝ม8Ąଂ˯ࢬྤ फ़ពϯĂдέ៉Տѐࡗѣ90%ણᄃ઼छΦ ڱˠࣶ҂ྏ۞҂ϠĂд҂ྏ̚εӀĄ఺჌ Ҳᐂפத۞ଐԛĂ၆ٺ̂ጯڱޠրጯϠ۞ ጯ௫јಶຏѣޝ̂۞ᇆᜩĄ ҃տౣ࿅Ν఺ֱͽௐ˘Ԡᙸ҂ซЧ̂ ጯڱޠր۞ጯϠĂ༊΁ࣇ൑ڱд઼छΦڱ ˠࣶ҂ྏ̚྿זϫᇾॡĂ΁ࣇ۞ᖚຽ൴ण тңĉ༊΁ࣇЯࠎ՟ѣ҂˯઼छΦڱءٕ ޠर҂ྏĂЯѩ൑ڱଂְڱءăޠरٕ۰ ᑭ၅ء̍үॡĂ΁ࣇдέ៉ۤົ̚տౣଂ ְֱࣹҖຽĉ΁ࣇ۞̍ү̰टߏӎྫྷڱޠ ѣᙯĂڱጯିֈ၆ٺ΁ࣇдଂְ׎΁ᖚຽ ۞ຍཌྷࠎңĉҌ̫՟ѣЇңࡁտٕྤफ़ព ன΍ֽĄ ϤٺĂдέ៉ޠर҂ྏ̈́ॾ۞ͧதт ѩ̝Ҳâ࣎ڱޠրጯϠд̂ጯٕࡁտٙ லຽޢĂтڍ՟ਕ఼࿅ޠर઼छ҂ྏ̈́ ॾĂ֤ᆃ΁д૞ຽ˯̙Ξਕͽ˘࣎ڱޠˠ ۞૞ຽ̶֗ેҖڱޠຽચĄЯѩĂ̂ొ̶ ڱޠրலຽ۞ጯϠĂдலຽޢ3ז5ѐ̰Ă ఼૱ົдЧ̂ጯ۞ဦ३ᐡٕछ̚᝝३Ăԓ ୕Ξͽ҂פޠरે໰Ăͽܮдפ଀ޠरٕ ڱء۞ྤॾޢĂ૟ٙጯдۤົ˯ዋϡĄҭ ߏĂՏѐ෹Ҳ۞઼छޠर҂ྏᐂפதĂឰ ΁ࣇ఺࣎ᙸ୕Ăೀͼ՟Ᏹڱ၁னĄϫ݈Ă έ៉ޠर҂ྏ۞ᐂפத۞ՙؠĂ͹ࢋֶፂ ϔ઼92ѐ12͡24͟҂ྏੰ࣒ϒ۞Ķ૞ܝᖚ ຽ̈́ԫఙˠࣶ੼ඈ҂ྏޠर҂ྏఢ݋ķௐ 19୧ఢؠĂᐂפதߏͽБ඀ז҂ˠᇴѺ̶ ̝ˣࠎ̈́ॾĂ֖ᗝᐂפ9ĄϏֽĂтڍΦڱ ء҂ྏᐂפத̪ᖞπӮ̂ࡗࠎ3Ʀ~5Ʀ۞ ଐԛâ࣎ಶ᝝˞4ѐڱޠጯր۞ጯϠĂ ࢋਕд઼छ҂ྏ̚פ଀̈́ॾ۞፟ົ׌۰ΐ ѐᐂפத੼྿10%Ă̶Ҿࠎ14.06%Ă10.35%ă11.14%ă10.59%ă15.22%ăͽ̈́13.88%Ăણ҂҂ᏴొĂϔ89Ĉ224Ă 228-230ğ 8ણ҂ϔ઼86ѐΦڱءᐂפதࠎ4.64%ĞВ3,732ˠБ඀ણᄃ҂ྏğĂϔ઼87ѐࠎ2.98%ĞВ4,185ˠБ඀ણᄃ҂ྏğćϔ ઼88ѐࠎ4.80%ĞВ3,991ˠБ඀ણᄃ҂ྏğĂϔ઼89ѐ҂׌ѨĂᐂפத̶Ҿࠎ3.80%ᄃ2.71%ĞЧ3,156ˠᄃ3,606ˠБ ඀ણᄃ҂ྏğćϔ઼90ѐᐂפதࠎ3.27%ĞВ3,793ˠБ඀ણᄃ҂ྏğĂྎ௟ྤफ़ኛણ҂Ă҂ᏴొበОĂૺॢ܆ି଱ٙ ᆷ۞IJ௚ࢍጯ˯۞̶ژijќٺĮΦڱءăޠर҂ྏྏᗟ࠹ᙯયᗟ̶ژ૞९ࡁտಡӘį҂ᏴొࡁտրЕĂࢍ൪͹޺ ˠĈౘ೎ᛟି଱Ăϔ઼91ѐ12͡ОĂ186ࢱĄ 9ώఢ݋ܼॲፂ૞ܝᖚຽ̈́ԫఙˠࣶ҂ྏڱௐ14୧ఢؠࢎؠ̝Ąௐ19୧ఢؠĈĶώ҂ྏ̈́ॾ͞ёĂͽБ඀ז҂ˠᇴѺ ̶̝ˣࠎ̈́ॾĂ֖ᗝᐂפĄБ඀ז҂ˠᇴѺ̶̝ˣࡶѣ̈ᇴâޠซҜפ׎ፋᇴĂ֭ͽБ඀ז҂ˠᇴѺ̶̝ˣ౵ޢ ˘Щ̝ᓁπӮјᒻࠎ׎̈́ॾᇾ໤Ă౵ޢ˘ЩѣᇴˠТ̶âޠᐂפĄ݈ีᑕྏࡊϫᓁπӮјᒻ̝ࢍზĂͽ೼఼ࡊϫ јᒻΐ૞ຽࡊϫјᒻЪ׀ࢍზ̝Ą׎̚೼఼ࡊϫјᒻͽЧࡊјᒻࢷͽѺ̶̝˩ޢ̝ᓁ׶ࢍზ̝ć૞ຽࡊϫјᒻͽЧ ࡊϫјᒻᓁ׶ੵͽࡊϫᇴГࢷͽٙΚ౺ዶѺ̶ͧࢍზ̝Ă൑೼఼ࡊϫ۰Ăͽ૞ຽࡊϫјᒻπӮࢍზ̝Ąώ҂ྏᑕྏ ࡊϫѣ˘ࡊϫјᒻࠎ࿬̶۰Ă̙̟̈́ॾĄ৿҂̝ࡊϫĂͽ࿬̶ࢍზĄώ҂ྏᓁјᒻ̝ࢍზĂ̙ዋϡ૞ܝᖚຽ̈́ԫఙ ˠࣶ҂ྏڱ߉Җ௟݋ௐ˩̣୧ௐ˟ี̈́૞ܝᖚຽ̈́ԫఙˠࣶᓁјᒻࢍზఢ݋ௐˬ୧ௐ˘ีѣᙯ҂ྏјᒻనࢨ̝ఢ ؠĄķ ˯ࢗ఺࣎ఢ݋۞ࢎؠ඀Ԕ͹ࢋߏд҂ྏੰ۞ੰົ̚Ϥ҂ྏ؎ࣶࣇՙᛉޢ఼࿅Ą఺ᇹԾᙯ҂Ϡᝋৈ۞ᐂפதߏӎΞͽ ่ͽ҂ྏੰ҂ྏ؎ࣶࣇ۞ՙᛉՙؠĂѣЪጳّ۞યᗟĄΞଓдέ៉Ăࠤ͌ڱޠጯ۰၆ٺѩ˘યᗟΐͽ੅ኢĄᓁᓂֹ ણΐ҂ྏ۞҂Ϡυื၆ٺጳڱֶ̚ڱҖ߆ăڱޠᐹҜăڱޠܲ঻ඈࣧ݋எˢᒢྋĂҭߏдࢬ၆஝ঘҋ̎҂ྏᝋৈ ॡĂ҂Ϡ่ਕռ˭၆ٺ఺ᇹ۞ఢؠٱީĂ҃൑ڱଳפЇңାᑻ඀Ԕ͹ૺҋ̎۞ᝋৈĄ఺჌ன෪ߏ˘࣎ࣃ଀ࡁտ۞ڱ ޠ̼͛ன෪Ą

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੓ֽ˵่ѣ10Ʀ~12Ʀ̝ม10Ă˵ಶߏ̪ᖞ ̂ࡗѣ88Ʀ~90Ʀણᄃ҂ྏ۞ڱޠրጯ ϠĂ൑ڱ఼࿅҂ྏܝᕣ11Ą ү۰дତצ҂Ᏼొ؎੉ซҖĶΦڱ ءăޠर҂ྏྏᗟ࠹ᙯયᗟ̶ژ૞९ࡁ տķॡĂࢍ൪͹ࢋӄநڒ΅ۿ̃̀Ăֶፂ ҂Ᏼొ૞ԫ҂ྏΦٙ೩ֻ۞ྤफ़Ă૟Ч̂ ጯڱޠրጯϠણΐޠर҂ྏጯϠ̈́ॾˠᇴ ̶ژт˭ဦĂдဦ̚ពϯĂЧ̂ጯጯϠд ޠर҂ྏ̝̈́ॾதЧѣ̙ТĄଂ˭ဦ̚Ă Ξͽ൴ன90ѐޠर҂ྏ̈́ॾ۞ጯϠ̚Ăͽ έ៉̂ጯă߆ڼ̂ጯͽ̈́έΔ̂ጯጯϠͧ ּࠎ౵੼Ă̶Ҿࠎ35.58%ă16.87%ᄃ 18.40%ć׎Ѩࠎڌӓ̂ጯᄃᅃ̥̂ጯ۞ጯ ϠĂ̶Ҿҫ8.28%ᄃ6.13%ĂГ׎Ѩࠎڌঔ ̂ጯă઼̼͛̂̚ጯᄃ̚ϒ̂ጯ۞ጯϠĂ ̶Ҿࠎ4.91%ă3.37%ă2.45%ć׎΁̂ጯ ڱޠրጯϠĂд90ѐޠर҂ྏ̈́ॾ۞ּͧ ݋Чҫ̙ז1%Ą ౄј఺჌ன෪۞ࣧЯĂᔵ൒ΞਕྫྷՏ ࣎ጯ७҂Ϡ۞ጯ௫ၗޘă૞ຽ඀ޘăጯ७ ۞ڱޠրጯϠˠᇴă҂ྏ۞็௚ᄃણᄃ҂ ྏጯϠˠᇴѣᙯĄҭߏтڍ̶ژ90ѐޘޠ र҂ྏ׏ྏ؎ࣶ۞ЩಏĂΞͽ൴ன׏ྏ؎ ࣶĂͽέ៉̂ጯĂ߆ڼ̂ጯᄃέΔ̂ጯି ଱ࠎкᇴĄ఺࣎Я৵ߏӎΞਕᇆᜩ˘࣎ጯ ७дޠर҂ྏ̚ጯϠ۞̈́ॾˠᇴĂѣυࢋ ซ˘Վᒢྋ12ĄΩγĂ઼छΦڱˠࣶ࠹ᙯ ҂ྏ۞׏ྏ؎ࣶтңயϠĂ׻ᗟ͞ёт ңĂౌΞਕᇆᜩጯϠણᄃ҂ྏ۞ඕڍĄᙯ 10 ੵ˞ޠर҂ྏγĂڱޠˠ౵ࢦෛ۞Ω˘ี҂ྏࠎΦڱء҂ྏĂϤٺྍ҂ྏߏͽՏѐЧг͞ڱੰڱء۞ᅮՐүࠎᐂפ Щᗝ۞ᇾ໤ĂΞͽᐂפ۞ˠᇴ׎၁˵̙кĂΩγĂ׌࣎҂ྏ۞҂Ϡࢦᝑதࠤ੼Ąѣ̙͌ˠдТ˘ѐΦڱء҂ྏ̈́ޠ र҂ྏӮ̈́ॾĂЯѩĂ၆ٺፋវጯϠ҃֏Ăޠर҂ྏᄃΦڱء҂ྏ۞ᓁᐂפதĞ̈́ॾதğְ၁˯Ξਕ͌ٺ10%Ą 11 дέ៉Ч̂ጯڱޠጯրጯϠΦڱءٕޠर҂ྏ̈́ॾ۞ͧதЧѣ̙ТĄ 12 ҂ᏴొበОĂౘ೎ᛟ͹޺ĂĮΦڱءăޠर҂ྏྏᗟ࠹ᙯયᗟ̶ژ૞९ࡁտಡӘįĂ҂ᏴొࡁտրЕĂϔ઼91ѐ12͡ ОĂ48-49ࢱĄ ဦ˘Ĉ90ѐޠर҂ྏ̈́ॾˠࣶலຽጯ७ּͧဦ

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ٺѩ˘ొ̶૟д˭ࢬ੅ኢĄ έ៉఺჌઼छΦڱˠࣶ҂ྏҲᐂפத ۞ଐԛĂ࿅Ν˵൴Ϡд͟ώĄҭߏĂ͟ώ ҋ2004ѐฟؕĂڱጯିֈ҂ྏѣ˞̂Լ ࢭĂϫ݈ॲፂ͟ώ۞ఢထĂϏֽଂ͟ώڱ ጯੰலຽ۞ࡁտϠ̖ѣྤॾણΐ઼छ҂ ྏĂ҃ͷ׎ᐂפதҌ͌ົ೩੼זࡗ50%ν Π13Ą҃ॲፂ઼ϲ߆ڼ̂ጯเϲି଱۞ࢍ ზ͞ёĂд઼࡚ޠर҂ྏ۞ᐂפதࡗд 96%νΠ14Ą҃дᇇ઼Ă׎ڱጯିֈ۞ௐ ˘Ѩ઼छ҂ྏ̝̈́ॾதĂ࿅ΝೀѐֽӮࡗ д70%νΠ15Ą ࢬ၆̙Т઼छΦڱˠࣶ҂ྏ۞ᐂפ தĂԧࣇ̙༰ࢋય۞ߏĂࠎңέ៉үࠎ˘ ࣎ᚶצለౙăࠤҌ઼࡚ڱޠវט۞઼छĂ ˘͞ࢬጯ௫΁઼۞ڱޠវטăڱޠఢቑĂ ҭݒд઼छΦڱˠࣶĞ͍׎ߏޠरğ҂ྏ ͞ࢬĂݒѣԆБ̙˘ᇹ۞טޘĄϫ݈έ៉ ڱޠ઼छ҂ྏטޘĂ͍׎дޠर҂ྏ͞ࢬ ۞ඉரĂߏӎѣΞਕЯѩᇆᜩ˞ԧࣇ઼छ ڱڼ̼۞ར၁Ăࣃ଀ซ˘Վ۞ࡁտĄ ΩγĂдέ៉ΐˢWTOޢĂ˵૟ົࢬ ᓜ઼छΦڱˠࣶ҂ྏᅮࢋΐͽតࢭ۞ᑅ ˧Ąֶፂϔ઼91ѐ1͡1࣒͟ϒ߉Җ۞ޠर ڱௐ47̝1୧ௐ1ีఢؠĈĶώڱჍγ઼ޠ रĂ޽д̚රϔ઼ͽγ઼छٕгડĂפ଀ ޠरྤॾ̝ޠरĄķĂֶ҃ޠरڱௐ47̝2 ୧ఢؠĂγ઼ޠरܧགྷڱચొధΞ̈́ΐˢ ׎ְચٙٙдг̝ޠर̳ົĂ̙଀ેҖᖚ ચĄॲፂ˯ࢗ׌୧ఢؠâ࣎̚රϔ઼ˠ ϔĂтڍд׎΁઼छĂּт઼࡚פ଀ޠर ྤॾ֭གྷ࿅ڱચొధΞ̝ޢĂΞͽдΐˢ έ៉۞ޠर̳ົޢĂдέ៉ેຽĄϤٺ઼࡚ ޠर҂ྏᐂפத࠹၆ٺέ៉Ă੼΍ޝкĄ ϏֽѣΞਕέ៉۞ڱޠրጯϠှΞ݈ـ࡚ ઼Ăд઼࡚ڱጯੰಶ᝝ڱޠኝ඀˘ѐޢĂ ણᄃ઼࡚ޠर҂ྏĂ֭д҂ྏ̈́ॾăפ଀ ޠरྤॾ̝ޢĂаέ៉ॲፂޠरڱ࠹ᙯఢ ؠдέ៉ેҖޠरຽચĄ఺ᇹ۞൴ण૟၆ ٺέ៉Ϗֽ۞ޠरξಞѣٙ኏ᑝĄέ៉տ ౣᑕྍтңЯᑕ఺ᇹ۞൴णĂٕధߏણᄃ నࢍ઼छΦڱ҂ྏטޘ۰ࢋΐͽ҂ณ۞Ą ༊έ៉۞ڱጯିֈĂࢬ၆඾૟ܕ90% ڱޠրጯϠ൑ڱ၁னซˢڱጯੰጯ௫ڱޠ 13 ͟ώϫ݈ϒдซҖڱጯିֈԼࢭ࿰ࢍд2004ѐࢋឰБ઼̂ొ̶ڱጯրјࠎᙷҬ઼࡚۞ጯ̀ޢڱጯੰĂॲፂ͟ώΦڱ טޘԼࢭᆶᛉົ۞ຍ֍३೩זĂϏֽԓ୕఺ѨڱጯିֈԼࢭޢĂڱࡊ̂ጯੰ۞லຽϠϏֽд઼छ҂ྏॡ۞ᐂפதΞ ͽд70~80%̝มĄ҃2005ѐ2͟͡ώĶڱચ࠷Φڱྏរ؎ࣶົķٙ೩۞͞੫Ă݋೩ז2006ѐΞͽણΐ઼छ҂ྏ۞ጯ Ϡ̂ࡗд1,600~1,800Щ̝มĂ׎̚ࡗѣ900~1,100ˠΞਕ̈́ॾĄЯѩଯؠ2006ѐ۞҂ྏ̈́ॾத̂ࡗд50~60%̝มĄ ၆ٺ఺Ѩ͟ώڱጯିֈᄃΦڱˠ઼ࣶछ҂ྏ۞ԼࢭߏӎਕૉјΑĂ͟ώጯ۰มព൒࠻ڱ̙͉˘࡭Ą̙࿅Ă೩੼ᐂפ தព൒̏གྷߏ͟ώΦڱˠ઼ࣶछ҂ྏ۞ߊؠ߆ඉĄ˯ࢬ࠹ᙯ੅ኢĂኛણ҂Ă࿚͢ኰି଱ĂIJ͟ώڱࡊ̂ጯੰטޘ̝ পᇈᄃયᗟᕇijĂ൴ܑٺڌӓ̂ጯᇉৡڱጯੰޙੰ90ฉѐᇉĶڱጯିֈጯఙࡁ੅ົķĂ2005ѐ3͡31͟Ą 14 ઼࡚ڱጯੰՏѐොΊᓁˠᇴࡗࠎ13༱ˠĂՏѐௐ1ѐˢጯ۞ጯϠࡗ4༱ˠνΠĂҭՏѐ఼࿅ޠर҂ྏ̈́ॾ۰ࠎ5༱6˼ ዶˠĂЯѩֶ߆̂ڱጯੰเϲି଱۞ࢍზĂд઼࡚ޠर҂ྏ۞ৌϒᐂפதᑕྍࡗд96%νΠĄણ҂เϲĂIJ઼छ҂ ྏטޘᄃڱጯିֈ̢̝જᙯܼijĂ݈೬͛Ă2002ѐĂௐ4ࢱĄ 15 ᇇ઼2002ѐௐ˘Ѩڱޠ઼छ҂ྏ۞̈́ॾதБ઼Ч֣πӮࠎ71.98%Ăௐ˟Ѩڱޠ઼छ҂ྏ̈́ॾதБ઼Ч֣πӮࠎ 85.2%Ăѣᙯᇇ઼۞௚ࢍྤफ़Ăኛણ҂Ăౘ೎ᛟĂ2005ѐ3͡ĂIJڱጯ૞ຽିֈԼࢭ۞நه-ͽέ៉ăᇇ઼ࠎּijܢᐂ ˘Ă൴ܑٺ2004ѐ9͡24͟൴ܑٺڱચొٙᓝᏱ̝ĶΦڱԼࢭૄᖂ̍඀-ڱጯିֈ̝ࢭາ઼ᅫڱጯࡁ੅ົķĂѩ˘ኢ͛ ᔵ൒2005ѐ4͡ќٺĮ͡όڱጯᗔᄫįĞNo.119ğĂ૞ᗟᓾळƝΦڱԼࢭᄃିֈրЕ̚ĄΞଓྍᗔᄫበᏭ૟ྍኢ͛ܢᐂ ˘ ᄃ ܢ ᐂ ˟ ొ ̶ Ӂ ੵ Ă ֭ Ϗ ќ ˢ ͛ ౢ Ą ၆ ٺ ᇇ ઼ ᓑ ֣ Φ ڱ ొ ି ֈ ௚ ࢍ ྤ फ़ ѣ Ꮈ ኷ ۰ Ξ ͽ ז ˭ ࢬ შ Ӭ Ĉ http://www.bmj.bund.de/enid/67.html Ą

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۞ϫᇾॡĂ઼छ۞ିֈ߆ඉٕ҂ྏטޘѣ υࢋᑭ੅઼छ૞ຽڱޠିֈ۞ϫᇾᄃ̰ உĄ၆ٺڱޠր۞ጯϠ҃֏Ă૞ຽڱޠ۞ ጯ௫ྫྷ΁ࣇ۞ᖚຽ̝ม۞ᙯాّѣυࢋΐ ૻĂӎ݋΁ࣇд఺ᇹҲᐂפத۞۞҂ྏט ޘ˭ĂϠ߿۞ఢထ૟צזࢦ̂ᇆᜩ16

˟ăڱޠ૞ຽ઼छ҂ྏ۞҂ྏࡊϫ

ᇆᜩ඾ڱጯ૞ຽିֈ۞̰உ

ԧ઼Φڱˠ઼ࣶछ҂ྏטޘ၆ٺڱጯ ିֈ۞ᇆᜩĂ่̙Яࠎޠर҂ྏᐂפத ҲĂౄјጯϠ۞ҲјಶຏĄ઼छ҂ྏ۞҂ ྏࡊϫᄃ҂ྏ͞ёĂ˵ᇆᜩ඾ڱጯିֈ۞ ̰உĄ࿅Νೀ˩ѐֽέ៉д߆ڼăۤົă ̼͛ᄃགྷᑻԣిតዏĂͽ̈́Б஧̼۞൴ण ᔌ๕Ă׌ثᙯܼ۞ԼតĂ็௚ڱޠր۞Ч ჌ኝ඀̏གྷ̙֖ͽᑕ;ۤົ۞តዏĄҭ ߏĂέ៉ڱޠˠ۞ዳјטޘĂд࿅Ν̣˩ ѐֽĂ̙გߏጯ७̚۞ڱጯିֈυ࣒ࡊ ϫăΦڱ҂ྏטޘ̚ѣᙯڱءăޠर۞҂ ྏࡊϫĂೀͼ՟ѣࢦ̂ԼតĄ Ϥٺ࿅ΝкѐֽĂέ៉Ч̂ጯڱޠր ۞υ࣒ࡊϫྫྷ઼छ҂ྏυ҂ࡊϫ˘ᇹĂೀ ͼ఍ٺԆБ̙ត۞ېڶĂ˵̙გ఺࣎ۤົ ၆ٺڱޠ۞ᅮՐтңĄЯѩĂѣጯ۰޽ ΍Ĉέ៉ϒఢڱጯିֈវט၆ٺۤົࢦࢋ តዏ۞аᑕ࠹༊ᏵนĂ҃ͷтڍѣͅᑕĂ ˵ѣᕇЩ၁̙௑۞ன෪ĄྍҜጯ۰޽΍Ă έ៉ۤົڱጯିֈᔵ൒ѣ˭ࢬᾳ࣎ᑕĈ ̳ڱኝ඀۞ૻ̼ăੑགྷڱ௡ٕր۞јϲă ጯ̀ޢڱጯିֈ۞΍னăࡊԫڱޠࡁտٙ ۞јϲĄҭ఺ֱаᑕ֭Ϗਕજອז࿅Νܕ ̣˩ѐֽέ៉ڱጯିֈυ࣒ኝ඀۞ඕၹ17Ą ٙᏜЧ̂ጯڱޠࡊր۞υ࣒ࡊϫĞٙ Ꮬ۞ർ८ඕၹğĂ׎၁ಶߏͽ઼छ҂ྏ۞ ˭Еࡊϫࠎ͹ĈּтͽΦڱء҂ྏࠎּĂ ॲፂ̳ચˠࣶপ჌҂ྏΦڱˠࣶ҂ྏఢ݋ ܢܑ˟Ķ̳ચˠࣶপ჌҂ྏΦڱˠࣶ҂ྏ ᑕྏࡊϫܑķĄΦڱء҂ྏߏᛳٺĶˬķ ඈǕĶᆶᑭķᖚ௡ǕĶᆶᑭķᖚրǕĶΦ ڱءķᙷࡊ۞҂ྏĂ׎҂ྏࡊϫĂ̶ࠎ೼ ఼ࡊϫᄃ૞ຽࡊϫ׌჌Ą׎̚೼఼ࡊϫΒ ߁Ĉ៻̚රϔ઼ጳڱă៼઼͛ć૞ຽࡊϫ ݋Β߁Ĉ៽ϔڱă៾Жڱă៿ϔְ෦఩ ڱă᠀Жְ෦఩ڱă᠁થְڱă᠂ૻטે Җڱ઼̈́ᅫռڱă᠃Җ߆ڱĄ дΦڱء҂ྏࡊϫВࢍѣ9࣎ࡊϫĂ ׎̚ጳڱ˘ࡊజЕࠎ೼఼ࡊϫĂ׎΁ˣ჌ ̙Т჌ᙷ۞ڱޠᅳા݋జЕࠎ૞ຽࡊϫĄ ጳڱࡊϫ۞̶ᇴࢍზྫྷ૞ຽࡊϫ̙ТĄ׎ јᒻ่ზ10ƦĂ˵ಶߏтڍ˘࣎ˠጳڱ҂ 90̶Ăдᓁ̶่̚ზ9̶Ąྍ҂ྏఢ݋Ă 16 ߆ڼ̂ጯڱጯੰเϲି଱ಶഅགྷ೩΍Ăέ៉Ķధк҂Ϡд̂ጯலຽٕੜЁޢĂдछल۞͚޺˭̙֭ಶຽĂѐೇ˘ѐ ۞૞͕໤౯҂ྏĂ૱૱к྿˛ăˣѐ̝˳Ăͽ˘࣎லຽॡ22໐۞ܦѐࡶ҂˞8ѐಶ̏གྷ30໐˞Ăཝ̄྆ੵ˞҂ྏ۞֤ ೀࡊڌҘγĂ۩൑˘ۏĂ˵՟ѣۤົགྷរĄเି଱̙༰યזĈĶ఺ᇹ۞ˠৌ۞ਕ༊˘࣎рڱءٕрޠर๜ĉķĄĶ఺ ᇹ۞טޘ၆҂Ϡ࣎ˠ҃֏ĂˠϠ౵ჟර۞໐͡ಶд३۩ׯׯ̚ޘ࿅Ă၆ٺۤົឰ˘࣎Ϡய˧౵ٻ஽۞ܦѐܜഇְ̙ ϠயĂౄј઼छᓁវྤ໚۞঎෱ĄķĄТො15Ăௐ6ࢱĄ 17 ણ҂ᗞ౿щି଱ĂIJڱጯିֈ̝ϫ۞ᄃኝ඀̰टijĂќٺĮڱጯିֈԼࢭጯఙࡁ੅ົኢ͛ะįĂྍ͛۞ௐ4-5ࢱćΩኛ ણ҂ྜ഑ڒĂIJέ៉ڱጯିֈܕڶᄃ൴णijĂ൴ܑٺڌӓ̂ጯڱጯੰ͹Ᏹ̝Ķᇉৡڌӓ̂ጯڱጯੰޙੰ˝˩ฉѐᇉĂ ڱጯିֈጯఙࡁ੅ົ-።Ϋ็ٚᄃ݈ᖀ൴णķĂ2005ѐ3͡30͟Ăдώ͛̚Ăྜ഑ڒି଱Е΍Ч̂ጯາјϲ۞̂ጯੑགྷ ڱޠրٕ۰າјϲ۞ࡊԫڱޠࡁտٕٙࡊԫፋЪڱޠࡁտٙĞΒ߁Ϲ఼̂ጯă୻ර̂ጯࡊԫڱޠࡁտٙă߆ڼ̂ጯ ڱޠࡁտٙğ۞υ࣒ኝ඀Ą఺ֱυ࣒ኝ඀ೀͼౌྫྷΦڱءٕޠर઼छ҂ྏࡊϫ˘ᇹĄҌٺ࿅Νјϲ۞Ч̂ጯڱޠր ۞υ࣒ኝ඀˵ѣ࠹ᙷҬ۞ଐԛĄ

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͹ࢋߏֶፂĶ̳ચˠࣶ҂ྏڱķௐ3୧ఢ ؠ҃ࢎؠ۞18Ą дޠर҂ྏ͞ࢬĂֶፂĶ૞ܝᖚຽ̈́ ԫఙˠࣶ੼ඈ҂ྏޠर҂ྏఢ݋ķௐ12୧ ఢؠĈĶώ҂ྏᑕྏࡊϫ̶೼఼ࡊϫ̈́૞ ຽࡊϫĈ1ă೼఼ࡊϫĈ៻઼͛Ğኢ͛ᄃ ዦ᝝ീរğă៼̚රϔ઼ጳڱć2ă૞ຽࡊ ϫĈ៽ϔڱă៾ϔְ෦఩ڱă៿Жڱă᠀ Жְ෦఩ڱă᠁Җ߆ڱᄃૻטેҖڱă᠂ થְڱᄃ઼ᅫռڱĄķĂϤѩఢؠĂΞۢ ޠर҂ྏࡊϫВࢍ8࣎ࡊϫĂВΒӣ˞9჌ ڱޠ̰உĂ׎̚ጳڱ1ࡊᔘߏజЕࠎ೼఼ ࡊϫĂ׎̶ᇴ۞ࢍზྫྷ૞ຽࡊϫ̙ТĂ׎ ࢍზ͞ڱྫྷΦڱء҂ྏ̚۞ጳڱࡊϫ˘ᇹ 19Ą ૟˯ࢗΦڱءăޠर҂ྏྫྷϫ݈έ៉ Ч̂ጯڱޠጯրυ࣒ࡊϫ࠹ͧྵĂΞͽ൴ னЧ̂ጯڱޠր۞υ࣒ࡊϫྫྷ઼छ҂ྏࡊ ϫೀͼߏ࠹Т20Ą఺ֱѐֽĂᔵ൒ԧࣇۤ ົ̚ѣᙯംᇊੑயᝋڱޠăᒖဩ᜕ܲڱ ޠăۤົщБڱޠă౻̍ڱޠͽ̈́ྫྷّҾ ѣᙯ۞ڱޠѣޝ̂۞࣒ࢎٕᆧࢎĂҭߏ઼ छ҂ྏࡊϫೀͼԆБ̙аᑕۤົ˯តજĂ ڱޠրጯϠд࣒௫ڱޠኝ඀ॡĂೀͼ่ѣ ޝ͌۞፟ົᄮᙊາᎸ۞ڱޠᅳા21Ąϫ݈ ѣֱ̂ጯڱޠրฟؕࢦາޥ҂΁ࣇ۞ኝ඀ ඕၹĂҭૄώ˯Ăޝ͌ѣጯ७۞ڱጯੰٕ ڱޠጯրԼត఺ֱྫྷ઼छΦڱ҂ྏࡊϫѣ ᙯ۞υ࣒ኝ඀ඕၹ22Ą ΄ˠᇎ͕۞ߏĈ఺ֱԾᙯՏѐ҂Ϡ҂ ྏᝋৈְี۞Φڱءăޠर҂ྏࡊϫߏͽ ˘࣎҂ྏੰ۞ົᛉ఼࿅ĂಶΞͽ࣒Լ۞҂ ྏఢ݋ΐͽఢቑĂ҃ͷд఺ֱఢ݋̚ĂЧ ࣎ڱޠ૞ຽࡊϫᄃጳڱࡊϫ҂ྏ۞ቑಛт ңĉтң̶Ҷĉ˵ଂϏ၆҂Ϡ̳ӘĄ༊ன ѣߙֱ҂ྏࡊϫ۞׻ᗟ෹΍̳Ә۞Φڱء ҂ྏᑕྏࡊϫܑॡĂּтд҂ϔڱ˘ࡊ۞ ᗟϫ˯Ăд၁ᅫϠ߿۞ᇾ໤ඍ९ĂΞਕᑕ ྍߏঐ෱۰᜕ܲڱ۞࠹ᙯఢؠॡĂણᄃ҂ ྏ۞ጯϠտౣᑕྍಶϔڱ۞ఢؠΐͽа ඍĂᔘߏಶঐ෱۰᜕ܲڱ۞ఢؠΐͽа ඍĄϫ݈Φڱءăޠर҂ྏ۞఺჌ซҖ͞ ё၆ٺ҂Ϡᝋৈ۞ܲᅪ၁д̙֖Ăࣃ଀Հ ซ˘Վ۞ͅ࠷ᄃᑭ੅23Ą 18 ѩ˘ఢ݋̈́׎ܢܑኛ֍҂Ᏼొშ৭Ăѣᙯ̳ચˠࣶ҂Ᏼ࠹ᙯڱఢĂშӬࠎĈhttp://w4.moex.gov.tw/law/law601.html̈́ http://w4.moex.gov.tw/law/law007.htmlĂ2005ѐ4͡25͟˯შĄ 19 ણ҂҂ᏴొበОĂĮΦڱءăޠर҂ྏྏᗟ࠹ᙯયᗟ̶ژ૞९ࡁտಡӘį҂ᏴొࡁտրЕĂώࢍ൪͹޺ˠࠎү۰ώ ˠౘ೎ᛟି଱Ăϔ઼91ѐ12͡ОĂ26-27Ą 20 ѣᙯЧ̂ጯ۞υ࣒ࡊϫᄃጯ̶̶੨Ăኛણ҂ᗞ౿щĂIJڱጯିֈ̝ϫ۞ᄃኝ඀̰टijĂ݈೬͛Ăௐ4-5ࢱĄд͛ౢ̚ ᗞି଱Ⴭ఺ֱኝ඀ඕၹࠎർ८ඕၹன෪Ą 21 ఺׎̚ംᇊੑயᝋ۞ኝ඀ͧྵᛳٺڱޠࡊր̚۞ሤܝᏴ࣒ኝ඀Ą 22 Тො17Ą̙࿅Ăܕѐֽѣֱռϲጯ७۞ڱጯੰдኝ඀నࢍ˯Ă҂ณጯϠ׎΁ᖚຽ۞൴णΞਕĂү̙Т۞నࢍĄҭߏ ૄώ˯ĂЧ࣎ڱጯੰڱޠጯր۞υ࣒ࡊϫ̪ᖞͽ઼छ҂ྏࡊϫࠎ͹Ąྎ௟ଐԛኛણ҂Ăౘ೎ᛟି଱ٙેҖ۞Ķڱޠ ˠڱຍᙊࡁտࢍ൪ķ90ѐᔛኛЧ̂ጯڱጯੰੰܜٕր͹Ї۞ळኘົࡔᐂĄኛણ҂ࢍ൪შ৭Ĉhttp://www.lawplan.nccu. edu.tw/html/index.html 23 ણ҂҂ᏴొበОĂౘ೎ᛟ͹޺ĮΦڱءăޠर҂ྏྏᗟ࠹ᙯયᗟ̶ژ૞९ࡁտಡӘį҂ᏴొࡁտրЕĂௐ84-85ࢱĄ

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ˬă઼छΦڱˠࣶ҂ྏ̚ĂՏ࣎ࡊ

ϫ۞҂ᗟĂၚּ˯ߏͽαᗟ۞

ඕၹሀёซҖĂ׎၆ٺ҂Ϡ۞

ڱጯࡁտਕ˧۞ෞณड़ڍࣃ଀

҂ณ

дέ៉னҖ۞Φڱءăޠर҂ྏࡊϫ ̚Ăೀͼౌߏͽ4࣎Ϧኢᗟ۞͞ёдซҖ 24Ă఺჌αᗟ۞΍ᗟඕၹĂ̙֭ߏֶፂϲ ڱੰ఼ٙ࿅۞ڱޠ҃నࢍĄ҃ߏϤ҂ྏੰ ٙ൴ο̝׻ᗟఢ݋ௐ5୧ௐ1ีٙఢؠĈ ĶЧࡊੵ઼͛γĂϦኢёྏᗟͽᑢؠαҌ ˩ᗟࠎࣧ݋Ă֭ᑕڦຍ׎உᄏࢬĄķᔵ൒ ྍఢ݋ຽ̏ٺ92ѐ࣒ϒ൴οĂ׎̚ѣᙯϦ ኢёྏᗟᗟᇴఢؠϺѣ࣒ٙϒĄҭԧࣇ࠻ זԾᙯ҂Ϡણΐ઼छ҂ྏ҂Ϡ҂ྏඕڍ۞ ΍ᗟ͞ёĂݒ่Ϥ˘࣎҂ྏੰٙؠ۞ఢ݋ ֽቁؠĄտౣΦڱءٕޠरЧ࣎҂ྏࡊϫ ۞ቑಛтңĂՏ࣎ࡊϫтң̶੨αᗟ۞΍ ᗟቑಛĂԆБ՟ѣڱޠҜล۞ఢؠ˵՟ѣ ̳ฟ੅ኢቁؠĄ׎၁ଂڱఢቑड़˧۞֎ޘ ࠻Ă˯ࢗ҂ྏੰٙ൴ο۞҂ྏ׻ᗟఢ݋Ă ૄώ˯֭՟ѣٲՁ׻ᗟ׏ྏ؎ࣶࣇ۞ड़ ˧ĄҭߏĂкѐֽĂέ៉ણᄃΦڱءăޠ र҂ྏ۞׻ᗟΡะˠă׏ྏ؎ࣶٕ׻ᗟ؎ ࣶĂҬͼ֭Ϗ၆ٺ఺ᇹ۞Ϧኢᗟαᗟඕၹ ۞҂ྏሀё೩΍̙Т۞ຐڱĄ ώ͛д2002ѐมତצ҂Ᏼొ؎੉ซҖ ĶΦڱءăޠर҂ྏྏᗟ࠹ᙯયᗟ̶ژ૞ ९ࡁտķ࿅඀̚Ă౅࿅ྫྷഅజᔛኛ΍ᗟ۞ Чڱޠࡊϫྤஎି଱ळኘĂ̖ᒢྋ઼छΦ ڱ҂ྏ۞ࡊϫĂαᗟ۞΍ᗟ͞ڱᄃቑಛĂ ͹ࢋॲፂЧࡊ׻ᗟΡะˠՙؠĄ҃Чࡊϫ ׻ᗟΡะˠ۞ˠᏴĂ͹ࢋߏϤ࢑యЧྍ҂ ྏ҂ྏ؎ࣶ۞઻ᏴĄ҂ྏ؎ࣶົ઻Ᏼң ˠĂፉЇң˘ࡊϫ׻ᗟΡะˠĂԆБᛳٺ ҂ྏ؎ࣶ࣎ˠ۞෗ณቑಛĂ՟ѣЇңځ͛ ڱޠֶፂĄ҂ྏ۞׻ᗟ͞ёᄃቑಛଂ՟ѣ д઼छ҂ྏ۞҂ྏᖎౢ̳̚ӘĄέ៉̂ొ ̶ણΐΦڱˠࣶ҂ྏ۞҂ϠĂࠤҌд̂ጯ ڱޠրЇି۞ି଱ĂــΪਕ౅࿅ռˠგ ྽ĂடീՏѐ҂ྏ̚Տࡊ҂ྏ׻ᗟ۞ቑಛ ᄃ׻ᗟ͞ёĄ၆ٺֱ֤ᔘ՟ѣ፟ົણᄃ΍ ᗟ۞ҁरĂ઼छ՟ѣ೩ֻϒёგ྽Ăפ଀ ྤੈĂ఺ᇹ҂ྏ۞౅ځޘᙱҺዎזኳႷĄ ͽ઼छΦڱءăޠर҂ྏυ҂۞Ķϔ ְ෦఩ڱķࠎּĄՏѐ҂ྏᗟϫĂ͹ࢋߏ ֶ ϔ ְ ෦ ఩ ڱ ۞ ᓁ ୧ ͛ ᇴ π ̶ ј4 ࣎ ඈ ̶Ăд4࣎ඈ̶̚Чҋ׻1࣎ᗟϫĂ˵ಶߏ ૟ϔְ෦఩ڱ640୧୧͛̂ࡗੵͽ4Ă˵ಶ ߏᄲௐ1ᗟߏ҂ϔְ෦఩ڱௐ1୧זௐ243 ୧ Ă ఺ ߏ ̂ ጯ ڱ ޠ ր 1 ࣎ ጯ ഇ ˯ ኝ ۞ ̰ टĂௐ2ᗟ݋ߏ̂ጯڱޠրд˯ϔְ෦఩ ڱ۞˭ጯഇ۞ኝ඀̰टĂ˵Ξͽᄲϔְ෦ ఩ڱௐ3ᗟăௐ4ᗟ۞҂ྏቑಛ఼૱ߏڱޠ րдጯ७̙ି۞ొ̶Ąķ25Ą ׎΁҂ྏࡊϫೀͼౌߏ౅࿅࿅Ν΍ᗟ ҁ र ۞ གྷ រ Ă ૟ ߙ ˘ ࡊ ϫ ۞ ቑ ಛ ̶ ј4 ᗟĄּтϔڱ̶ࠎ4ᗟĂᓁ݋ăๅበăۏ ᝋበЧ1ᗟĂᏐᛳᚶٚზ1ᗟĄՏ1ᗟҫ 24 ώ఍ٙ޽ϦኢᗟĂ޽࠹၆ٺീរᗟăߏܧᗟ̝ϦኢᗟĂϫ݈̂ొ̶ڱޠࡊϫ۞ᗟϫ͹ࢋߏͽ၁ּᗟԛёӔன۞Ϧኢ ᗟࠎ͹Ą 25 ણ҂҂ᏴొበОĂౘ೎ᛟି଱͹޺ĮΦڱءăޠर҂ྏྏᗟ࠹ᙯયᗟ̶ژ૞९ࡁտಡӘį҂ᏴొࡁտրЕĂϔ઼91 ѐ12͡ОĂ110ࢱĄ

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25%ćЖڱ݋ᓁ݋2ᗟĂ̶݋2ᗟćથְ ڱĂ݋ࣧ݋˯̳Φڱăঔથڱăைፂڱă ܲᐍڱЧ1ᗟĂдޠर҂ྏ̚ĂϤٺથְ ڱᄃ઼ᅫռڱЪࠎ1ࡊĂЯѩĂૄώ˯઼ ᅫռڱ΍1ᗟĂ׎΁3ᗟĄտౣଂથְڱᅳ ા̚Ăࣹ3࣎ڱᅳા΍ᗟĂԆБߏϤ༊ѐ Φڱءٕޠर҂ྏ۞׏ྏ؎ࣶٕΡะˠՙ ؠĂ఺჌ଐԛ၆ٺ҂ϠֽᄲĂ၁дߏ˘჌ ̙ቁؠّ26Ą ΩγĂॲፂү۰ซҖ҂Ᏼొ؎੉۞ ĶΦڱءăޠर҂ྏྏᗟ࠹ᙯયᗟ̶ژ૞ ९ࡁտķࢍ൪ॡĂᔛኛ࢑యдЧ̂ጯି଱ ҂ྏТ˘ࡊϫĂҭд̙Тጯ७ି଱ྍࡊϫ ۞ҁरळኘĂ੫၆ࡊϫ̚۞҂ྏᗟϫΐͽ ̶ژॡ൴னĂ̙Т۞ҁर၆ٺྍࡊϫ̚Ч ࣎ᗟϫ۞ણ҂ඍ९ѣܧ૱̙Т۞ඕኢᄃෞ ᆊĂּтд2001ѐΦڱءϔڱࡊϫѣᙯௐ 2ᗟ۞ඍ९੅ኢॡĂѣҜᄃົ۞ྤஎି଱ ೩זĈĶώᗟޝᙱĂҭߏޝ၁ᅫ۞યᗟĂ ˘ਠጯϠऻُᙱநྋ྆ࢬ۞યᗟĂΞͽኘ ז۞યᗟᕇޝкĂԧගҋ̎۞ጯϠ੅ኢĂ 3Ѩ۞ඍ९ౌ̙˘ᇹĂͧ͞ᄲࣣ̖ᄮࠎ΁ ߏݵࡗĂԧ࠻xxྃ௫঱ᄮࠎଂᐝזԍ˘ᕇ ڱޠᙯܼౌ՟ѣĂ՟ѣ̦ᆃా૲Ăԧ۞ጯ Ϡ˘ฟؕ˵ᄮࠎߏְ၁ᙯܼĂ҃ͷ˵՟ѣ ߇ຍ࿅εĂܬᝋҖࠎ˵՟ѣĄԧдட׻ᗟ ҁर˵̙೷΍ᇾ໤ඍ९ӐĊķĞ0729Bጯ ۰ğĂ҃Ωγ˘Ҝጯ۰݋ᄮࠎĈĶѣۋᛉ ۞ᕇܧ૱ᇃھĂϥăʹҁरౌѣԯ࠹ᙯႷ ཌྷ೩΍ֽĂ׎၁ࣣฟؕಶѣ˘࣎ޝ̂۞Ⴗ ཌྷߏዋϡௐ606୧ă607୧ಶѣۋᛉĂۋᛉ ొ̶ߏܧ૱۞кĂࡶዦס۰࠻ڱ̙˘ᇹĂ ఺ᇹ۞ᗟϫ၆҂Ϡֽᓾߏܧ૱̝ᙱ۞Ą҃ ͷયᗟкϡĶా૲ķĂΞਕົ͔ጱጯϠᄱ ົͽా૲͞ШүඍĄĞ0729Dጯ۰ğ27Ą ଂ˯ࢬΞͽ࠻΍Ă઼छΦڱˠࣶ҂ྏ ۞ᗟϫ̰टᆸѨमள࿅̂Ă׎̰टΞͽߏ ࡦᄪ୧͛۞ᗟϫĂ˵Ξਕߏѣᙯڱጯࡊϫ ۋᛉ۞ڱጯநኢ੅ኢĄЯѩѣጯ۰޽΍Ă Տࡊ4ᗟ҂ྏ۞ඕၹ၆ٺጯϠਕ˧۞ᙊҾ ˧ઐҲĂౄј҂ྏјڍᄃ໤౯јώ̝มѣ ੼ޘ̙ቁؠ۞ԸྤᙯܼĂ֭ܧߏ˘̶ਆਅ ˘̶ќᘥ28ĄϤٺՏ࣎ࡊϫαᗟĂՏࡊ҂ ྏॡมд120̶ᛗνΠĂЯѩ҂ϠπӮд Տ࣎ᗟϫ۞үඍॡม̂ࡗ่ѣ30̶ᛗॡ มĄ఺ᆃൺ۞ॡมࢋՐጯϠ੫၆ྍᗟϫ۞ நኢٕ၁ּᗟΐͽྋඍĂᄲځڱޠఢؠᄃ நኢૄᖂĂ၁дѣٙӧᙱĄՀңڶĂ̂ొ ̶ࡊϫ̙ࣞጯϠᛸ૲ڱ׏ĂౄјጯϠд໤ ౯҂ྏॡĂυืࡦᄪڱޠ୧͛Ă၆ٺநኢ ۞நྋ̙͉҃ͅࢦෛĄ఺ᇹ۞҂ྏ͞ёྫྷ ᇇ઼۞҂ྏ͞ёѣޝ̂۞̙ТĂᇇ઼઼छ ҂ྏ̚ĂՏࡊϫ่΍˘ᗟĂග҂Ϡ5̈ॡ ۞үඍॡมĂ֭ͷ҂ϠΞͽҋ̎ᛸ૲ᇇ઼ Ч֣Φڱ҂ྏԊ̳ٙοೀ࣎३Ԋ΍ۍ۞̱ ڱБ३Ą ү۰д2002ѐĶ2001ѐΦڱءăޠर ҂ྏྏᗟ࠹ᙯયᗟ̶ژ૞९ࡁտķ̚ઇ΍ ĶЧࡊᓁ̶̝Ѻ̶ҜЕܑķĂྍᓁ̶̝Ѻ̶ ҜЕܑĂߏଂ҂Ᏼొ೩ֻ90ѐޘણᄃΦڱ ءăޠर҂ྏ۞ጯϠјᒻྤफ़ઇ΍Ąଂ௚ ࢍܑ࠻΍Ă90ѐޘΦڱء҂ྏ̚Ă݈20% 26 Т݈ොĂ149ࢱ 27 ણ҂҂ᏴొበОĂౘ೎ᛟ͹޺ĮΦڱءăޠर҂ྏྏᗟ࠹ᙯયᗟ̶ژ૞९ࡁտಡӘį҂ᏴొࡁտրЕĂௐ84-85ࢱĄ 28 ણ҂ᗞ౿щĂIJڱጯିֈ̝ϫ۞ᄃኝ඀̰टijĂ݈೬͛Ă15ࢱĄ

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۞҂Ϡ̚ĂϔڱࡊϫπӮ̶ᇴࠎ50̶Ăϔ ְ෦఩ڱࡊϫࠎ52̶Ăጳڱࡊϫ36̶ĂЖ ڱࡊϫ53̶ĂЖְ෦఩ڱࡊϫ47̶ĂҖ߆ ڱࡊϫ47̶ĂૻטેҖڱᄃ઼ᅫռڱࠎ46 ̶Ă઼͛67̶Ăથְڱ48̶Ą҃90ѐޘޠ र੼҂҂ྏ̚Ă݈20%۞҂Ϡ̚Ăϔڱࡊ ϫπӮ̶ᇴࠎ49̶Ăϔְ෦఩ڱࡊϫࠎ42 ̶Ăጳڱࡊϫ34̶ĂЖڱࡊϫ51̶ĂЖְ ෦఩ڱࡊϫ48̶ĂҖ߆ڱᄃૻטેҖڱࡊ ϫࠎ39̶Ăથְڱᄃ઼ᅫռڱࠎ58̶Ą 40%νΠ۞ጯϠЧࡊπӮ̶ᇴࠎ40̶ࠤҌ ࠎ28̶ĞጳڱğνΠĄ఺ֱᇴፂពன΍ҁ रග̶࠹၆ઐҲĂαᗟඕၹ۞҂ྏ͞ёߏ ӎЪநĂਕӎീរ΍҂Ϡ۞ڱጯۢᙊਕ ˧Ă၁дࣃ଀ᘃႷ29Ą

ણăᇇ઼ڱጯିֈᄃ઼छڱޠ

҂ྏטޘ۞Լࢭ̰ट

ᇇ઼д2002ѐ7͡1͟౅࿅࣒ԼĶڱء ڱķ۞ࡶ̒ఢؠĂฟୁ˞΁ࣇڱጯିֈᄃ ઼छڱޠ҂ྏ۞ԼࢭĄᇇ઼۞઼छڱޠ҂ ྏטޘ׍ѣ˭ࢬೀ࣎পҒࣃ଀έ៉ણ҂Ą

˘ă׌ล߱۞ڱޠˠዳјିֈ

ٙᏜ׌ล߱ڱޠˠዳјିֈĂಶߏ૟ ڱޠˠ۞ዳјିֈ̶ࠎ׌࣎ล߱Ĉௐ˘࣎ ล߱ߏͽڱጯ۞੊ቚࠎ͹ćௐ˟࣎ล߱݋ ߏͽ၁ચ۞੊ቚă၁௫ࠎ͹Ąᇇ઼2002ѐ ڱጯିֈԼࢭĂ͹ࢋԓ୕Бᇇ઼ٙѣ۞ڱ ޠˠĂࢋצזТᇹ˘჌ڱጯିֈĂ˵ಶߏ ٙᏜ۞EinheitsjuristenĞ௚˘۞ڱޠˠğĄ ఺Ѩᇇ઼ڱጯିֈԼࢭϫᇾĂ͹ࢋԓ୕צ זڱጯିֈ۞ᇇ઼ጯϠĂϏֽд̍ү˯۞ ൴णͽ̈́၆ٺᇇ઼ۤົࢬ၆ለ༖ፋЪ۞൴ ण࿅඀ĂՀ׍ѣਕ˧ར၁઼̰ڱĂ֭ͷਕ ૉдለ༖̚׍ѣՀૻ۞ᚮۋਕ˧Ą

˟ăڱጯିֈ۞ϫᇾ่่̙д੊ቚ

΍р۞ڱءٕ̳ચˠࣶ

ᇇ઼఺˘Ѩڱጯିֈ۞ԼࢭĂ࣒Լ˞ ᇇ઼၁߉૟ܕ˘Ѻѐ۞ڱጯିֈ۞ૄώ̰ உĄ૟ڱጯିֈ۞ϫᇾĂଂ˘࣎ͽ੊ቚр ۞ڱءٕ੼ඈ̳ચࣶ۞ϫᇾĂు႙ᖼШࠎ ࢋିֈ΍˘࣎р۞ޠरٕڱޠᏙྙăڱޠ ԛј۞ڱޠˠĄд˘ă˟Ѻѐ݈۞ᇇ઼Ă ͍׎ߏ೼ጆ̀ॡഇĂٙؠڱጯିֈ۞ϫ ᇾĂߏԓ୕ឰڱޠˠѣਕ˧јࠎ˘࣎р۞ ڱءĞᇇ͛ĈBefaehigung zum RichtamtğĄ ѣᙯڱጯିֈ۞ڱޠఢቑߏдᇇ઼۞ڱء ڱΐͽఢؠĞRichtergesetzğĄᇇ઼дࢬᓜ 20͵ࡔϐĂۤົགྷᑻϠ߿۞ԼតĂ൴னᇇ ઼۞ڱޠˠ̚Ăࡗ่ѣ10%~15%۞ˠΞͽ ѣ፟ົซˢٙᏜ۞̳ಏҜ̍үĞΒ߁ڱ ءăЧ჌̳ચវր̚۞̳ચࣶğĂ׎΁۞ ڱޠˠ݋͹ࢋซˢռགྷᑻᅳાĂፉЇޠर ࠹ᙯຽચĄޠरຽચд21͵ࡔΞͽᄲ̏གྷ јࠎன΃ڇચຽ۞˘჌Ăߊ൒ڱޠˠ۞͹ ࢋ̍үಞા่̙֭ߏдڱलனಞ۞̍үĂ ఺Ѩڱጯିֈ۞ԼࢭϫᇾĂಶ͹ࢋ҂ᇋт ңឰкᇴڱޠˠΞͽѣк̮۞൴णΞਕĄ ڱጯିֈԼࢭ۞ϫᇾдٺГࢦາᑭ੅тң ឰڱޠˠΞͽפ଀ߙֱ͹ࢋ̍үಞા۞̍ үਕ˧Ăּтдޠरຽચٕ۰׎΁ڱޠય ᗟᏙྙ̍үă੓ਨڱޠ͛І̍үඈ͞ࢬਕ 29 ᙯٺѩܑ̰टĂኛણ҂҂ᏴొበОĂౘ೎ᛟ͹޺ĮΦڱءăޠर҂ྏྏᗟ࠹ᙯયᗟ̶ژ૞९ࡁտಡӘį҂Ᏼొࡁտ րЕĂϔ઼91ѐ12͡Ă౵ޢ˘ࢱܢᐂొ̶Ą

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Հѣਕ˧Ą

ˬăࢋՐڱޠˠᑕྍ׍౯ڱޠͽγ

۞׎΁ਕ˧

࿅Νᇇ઼۞ڱጯିֈࢋՐڱޠˠٙᅮ ࢋ۞ۢᙊĂ่̙ߏዋϡڱ୧۞ਕ˧Ă౵ࢦ ࢋ۞΁ࣇࢋਕ׍౯ڱޠ۞ૄώۢᙊĂּт ڱࣰጯăڱטΫăڱۤົጯඈۢᙊĄҭ ߏĂܕѐֽϤٺڱޠˠ۞̍үĂ̏གྷࢋࢬ ၆ன΃ۤົតዏ̈́གྷᑻ൴ण۞߄ጼĄధк ڱޠˠు႙ฟؕซˢ઼ᅫّ۞ޠरְચٙ ٕ۰Ћຽ̚Ăͽڱޠۢᙊ࢑యЋຽมЪ үăםથ۞̍үĂࠤҌ࢑య઼ᅫЋຽ̚۞ ߙ઼ֱᅫݵࡗ۞ᑢؠĄЯѩĂڱޠˠ̍ү ႙႙˵̙Г่ࢨٺ็௚ϔથڱᅳાĄధк ڱޠˠ۞̍үቑಛ̏གྷᕖणҌѣᙯඁڱă ౻̍ڱ̈́གྷᑻڱăۤົڱĂࠤҌܧᒉӀ௡ ᖐ۞ڱఢ̚Ăڱޠˠጴ඾ڱጯۢᙊĂдણ ᄃଯજۤົ۞តࢭ͞ࢬצזధкࢦෛĄ˵ ЯѩĂᇇ઼ѩѨڱጯିֈԼࢭ̚Ăฟؕࢦ ෛ൴णڱޠˠࡊᅫፋЪ۞ਕ˧ăүՙඉ۞ ਕ˧ăྫྷ΁ˠ໛఼םአ۞ԫμăᄬ֏ᅳጱ ਕ˧ă᜜ኢࠤҌአྋ۞ਕ˧ඈĄ˵Яѩд ఺ѨڱጯିֈԼࢭ̚ĂࢋՐЧ̂ጯڱጯੰ ᆧΐ˯ࢗ఺ֱኝ඀۞̰உĄΩγĂ఺˘گ ᇇ઼ڱጯିֈԼࢭĂ˵পҾڦຍזለ༖௚ ˘۞൴णĂЯѩдڱጯିֈ۞̰ट̚Ăপ ҾࢋՐጯϠᑕ׍ѣγ઼ᄬ֏ਕ˧30Ą

αă̂ጯ̚۞ڱጯିֈᄃ઼छڱޠ

҂ྏѣ૜̷۞ඕЪᙯܼ

࿅ΝೀѐֽĂధкᇇ઼ڱጯੰ۞ጯϠ ࠎ˞ᑕ;ڱޠ઼छ҂ྏĂــࢋ˯Ч჌ྃ ௫঱Ă̙͉҃ͅࢦෛጯ७۞ڱጯିֈĄ఺ Ѩᇇ઼ڱጯିֈԼࢭĂဘྏЯᑕ఺࣎ې ڶĂдڱጯିֈԼࢭ̚â͞ࢬనࢍௐ˘ Ѩڱޠˠ҂ྏ۞ෞ̶Ă̶ҾϤЧ̂ጯڱጯ ੰᄃЧ֣ΦڱԊВТෞ̶Ă˵ಶߏ૟҂Ϡ д̂ጯڱޠࡊϫ۞̶ᇴზˢௐ˘Ѩڱޠˠ ҂ྏᓁ̶̚Ăҫ30%ć҃Ч֣ΦڱԊٙᓝ Җ۞઼छΦڱ҂ྏјᒻ݋ҫڱޠˠ҂ྏᓁ ̶۞70%Ą̂ጯڱޠࡊϫ۞̶ᇴĂ͹ࢋͽ ҂ϠٙᏴፄણᄃЧ̂ጯ൴ण΍ֽࢦᕇᅳા ۞҂ྏ̶ᇴࠎ͹Ą౅࿅఺࣎טޘ۞ԼតĂ ᇇ઼ԓ୕Ч̂ጯڱጯੰΞͽ൴ण΍ҋ̎۞ ࢦᕇࡁտᅳાᄃିጯᅳાĄΩγĂдڱጯ ੰ۞ኝ඀నࢍ˯ĂপҾᆧΐᑒӄڱጯੰጯ Ϡ໤౯ௐ˘Ѩڱޠ҂ྏ۞ኑ௫ኝ඀Ą ϫ݈ᇇ઼2002ѐ࣒Լ۞ڱጯିֈט ޘĂ૟၆ٺ2003ѐ۞΋؞঱ซˢ̂ጯ࣒௫ ڱޠኝ඀۞ጯϠͽ̈́૟д2007ѐણᄃௐ˘ Ѩڱޠ઼छ҂ྏ۞ڱޠˠฟؕዋϡ31Ăᇇ ઼Ч֣д2003ѐᄃ2004ѐ̝ม̏གྷు႙࣒ ԼЧ̂ጯڱጯିֈ࠹ᙯఢؠĂΐͽ੨ЪĄ

དྷăᇇ઼ڱጯିֈᄃ઼छڱޠ

҂ྏԼࢭ࿅඀ࣃ଀ણ҂̝

ᇇ઼ፋ࣎ڱጯିֈᄃ઼छ҂ྏԼࢭĂ ѣ˭ࢬೀ࣎ࣃ଀έ៉дซҖΦڱ҂ྏטޘ Լࢭॡ۞ણ҂Ąּт૟ڱጯିֈ۞̰टᄃ

30 ͽ˯ણ҂ᇇ઼઼ົѣᙯڱጯିֈԼࢭڱࢎؠॡ۞੅ኢĂJurAusbildung ReformsG Protokoll der BunedstagssitzungĄ 31 ៍၅ᇇ઼ܕѐдซҖЧีטޘԼࢭॡĂܧ૱ڦຍ࿅ഭॡഇ۞ఢቑᖼೱયᗟĂּтд఺Ѩ࣒Լڱጯିֈטޘ࿅඀̚Ă

পҾఢؠĂֱ֤૟ٺ2006ѐણΐௐ˘Ѩڱޠ઼छ҂ྏ۞ˠĂтڍ՟ѣ̈́ॾĂΞͽז2008ѐ̝݈ĂҋϤᏴፄዋϡາ۞ ٕᖞ۞ௐ˘Ѩڱޠ઼छ҂ྏטޘĂ఺дߙ඀ޘܲᅪ˞࿅ഭॡഇ҂Ϡ۞ᝋӀĄ

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ڱޠ઼छ҂ྏ۞ቑಛ͞ёڱט̼ă઼छ҂ ྏטޘᑕྍႽณ౅ځ̼Ăͽ̈́ڱጯିֈт ңྫྷ઼छΦڱ҂ྏ࠹ඕЪඈĄ

˘ă౅࿅ڱט̼ซҖڱጯିֈᄃڱ

ޠ઼छ҂ྏԼࢭ

ଂᇇ઼Ч̂ጯڱޠጯੰ۞შྮྤफ़ ̚Ă࠻זڱጯିֈᄃ઼छ҂ྏ۞۞ԼࢭĂ ஝જ඾ᇇ઼ᓑ֣ڱءڱăЧ֣ڱጯିֈڱ ͽ̈́Ч̂ጯڱጯੰڱޠࡊϫౢ඀۞࣒ԼĄ ᓑ֣۞ڱޠૄώ˯੫၆Б઼ᑕྍ௚˘۞ڱ ጯିֈ࠹ᙯְีΐͽఢቑĂЧ֣Гॲፂ֣ ۞።Ϋᄃгડ̼͛পҒఢቑ΍֣۞ڱጯି ֈ࠹ᙯڱఢĂ҃Ч̂ጯڱޠጯੰ݋ॲፂ֣ ۞࠹ᙯڱఢࢎؠጯ७ڱጯିֈᄃ҂ྏ۞࠹ ᙯఢ඀Ąధкጯ७ࠤҌՀྎ௟۞ఢထ΍Ч ७ڱጯੰጯϠ۞ጯ௫ࢍ൪ણ҂ܑĄᇇ઼ڱ ጯିֈᄃڱޠ઼छ҂ྏԼࢭ͹ࢋ౅࿅ڱט ̼࿅඀Ăአፋ઼छ۞ڱޠିֈ۞Լࢭ͞ ШĂ֭౅࿅ѩ˘͞ڱߊ௚˘ͷ˫ڦຍזᇇ ઼Ч֣гડ۞πᏊ൴णĄ˭ࢬ૟̶Ҿଂᓑ ֣ă֣ͽ̈́ೀ࣎̂ጯ۞Ķڱޠጯ௫ᄃ҂ྏ ౢ඀ķఢቑĂΐͽ੅ኢĄ ᇇ઼2002ѐ۞ڱጯିֈᄃڱޠ઼छ҂ ྏ Լ ࢭ Ă ͹ ࢋ А ౅ ࿅ ᓑ ֣ ڱ ء ڱ ĞDeutsche Richtergesetzğ۞࣒ԼĂୁજڱ ጯିֈ۞Լࢭ̍үĄ˵ಶߏᇇ઼઼ົАٺ 2 0 0 2 ѐ 7 ͡ 1 ͟ ఼ ࿅ ڱ ጯ ି ֈ Լ ࢭ ڱ ĞGesetz zur Reform der Juristenausbil-dungğĂ࣒Լ˞ᇇ઼ڱءڱ۞̰உĂ֭ఢ ؠڱጯିֈԼࢭڱٺ2003ѐ7͡1͟ฟؕϠ ड़Ą дᓑ֣ڱጯିֈԼࢭڱϠड़ޢĂᇇ઼ Ч֣ăͽ̈́Ч̂ጯॲፂ఺࣎ڱޠĂ࣒Լ֣ ᄃ̂ጯ۞ѣᙯڱጯିֈᄃ҂ྏ۞Ч჌ࢦࢋ ఢؠĄּтᇇ઼οֽ୥֣ٺ2003ѐ5͡20 ͟ ࢎ ؠ Ķ ڱ ጯ ି ֈ ᄃ ௐ ˘ Ѩ ڱ ޠ ҂ ྏ ڱķć͐ЂӀֲ֣(Bayern)ٺ2003ѐ10͡ 1 3 ͟ ࢎ ؠ ˞ Ķ ڱ ޠ ˠ ۞ ି ֈ ᄃ ҂ ྏ ఢ ݋ķĄ˯ࢗЧ֣ٙؠ۞҂ྏ࠹ᙯڱఢౌྫྷ ᓑ఼֣ٙ࿅۞࠹ᙯڱఢ࠹ፋЪĄ ͽ͐ЂӀֲ֣(Bayern)۞Ķڱޠˠ۞ ିֈᄃ҂ྏఢ݋ķĞᖎჍࠎJAPOğࠎּĂ ׎̰टВΒӣѣ75࣎୧͛ĂВ̶ࠎ̱ొ ̶Ă׎̰ट̶Ҿఢؠڱޠିֈ۞˘࡭ّͽ ̈́҂ྏ۞̰टă҂ྏ۞̶ᇴăࢍზ҂ྏ۞ ԛёă࢑య҂ྏ۞ಏҜă҂Ϡ҂ྏ۞ણ ᄃĂΒ߁ੜ΍ă৿҂ăЯࠎপؠЯ৵൑ڱ ણᄃ۞࠹ᙯఢؠĄ ҃д֣۞࠹ᙯڱޠିֈᄃ҂ྏఢ݋఼ ࿅ޢĂЧ֣ٙᛳ۞̂ጯڱޠጯੰฟؕॲፂ Чྍֶ֣ፂᓑ֣Ķڱءڱķٙؠ΍۞ڱޠ ˠ ି ֈ ࠹ ᙯ ڱ ఢ Ğ ఼ ૱ ᖎ Ⴭ ࠎ J A P ٕ JAPOğĂГЧҋֶፂЧ̂ጯ۞रྤᄃࢋ൴ ण۞ኝ඀ࢦᕇĂᑢؠ˘࣎ྍ७ගڱޠրጯ Ϡ۞ጯ௫ᄃ҂ྏఢౢĄ ּтд͐ЂӀֲ֣۞Passaûጯࢎؠ ĶPassaûጯڱጯੰڱጯିֈጯ௫ᄃ҂ྏఢ ౢķĞStudien-und Pruefungsordnung der Universitaet Passau fuer den Studiengang RechtswissenschaftğĂٕ۰Wuerzburg ̂ጯ ٺ2003ѐ12͡18͟ࢎ˘࣎Ķ͐ЂӀֲ֣ Wuerzburĝጯڱጯିֈጯ௫ᄃௐ˘Ѩڱ ޠˠ҂ྏ۞ጯ௫ᄃ҂ྏఢౢķĄତ඾ĂЧ ̂ጯڱጯੰ۞૞ຽ؎ࣶົ(Fachbereic-hsrat)ĂГॲፂ̂ጯٙؠጯ௫ᄃ҂ྏఢౢĂ ࢎ˘࣎Ķጯ௫ࢍ൪ķֻጯϠણ҂Ăҭ఺࣎

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ጯ௫ࢍ൪၆ٺጯϠ่ѣણ҂ăᏙྙ۞ຍஉ 32Ą

˟ă҂ྏࡊϫ۞̳Әă҂ྏ͞ڱͽ

̈́҂סෞณ̍ү

ᇇ઼ѣᙯௐ˘Ѩڱޠ҂ྏ̍үĂ͹ࢋ ϤЧ֣Φڱ҂ྏԊ࢑యĄЧ֣۞҂ྏቑ ಛĂૄώ˯ົఢؠдڱޠˠିֈᄃ҂ྏఢ ݋̚ఢؠĄͽ͐ЂӀֲ֣ĞBayernğࠎ ּĂдྍ֣Ķڱޠˠ۞ିֈᄃ҂ྏఢ݋ķ ௐ18୧ௐ1ี̚Ăఢؠ҂ྏ۞ቑಛĈĶڱ ޠ۞઼छ҂ྏΒ߁υ҂ࡊϫ̈́΁ࣇ۞።Ϋ ۞ăۤົ۞ăགྷᑻ۞ă߆ڼ۞ăڱࣰጯ۞ ̈́ለ߷ૄᖂĄ׎΁۞ڱޠᅳાдྫྷυ҂ࡊ ϫѣ࠹ᙯాॡĂΞͽјࠎ҂ྏ۞၆෪Ăҭ ่ਕ੫၆дቁؠ҂Ϡѣᙯநྋᄃ̍ү͞ڱ ۞ቁؠ͞ࢬĂ̙҃ߏࢋ҂҂Ϡ۞௟຋ۢ ᙊĄٙᏜ˘࣎ڱᅳા۞ૄᖂܼ޽ྍڱޠ۞ ր௚ă͹ࢋ۞ఢቑ̈́ڱޠטޘĂͽ̈́ι۞ ఢ݋̰உĂڱޠ۞ຍཌྷăϫ۞ᄃඕၹ̈́ຍ உม۞ᙯܼĄķĄΩγĂЧ֣Φڱ҂ྏԊ ົ૟ௐ˘Ѩڱޠ҂ྏυ҂ࡊϫ۞ቑಛШ׻ ᗟ۞҂ྏ؎ࣶᄃ҂Ϡ̳οĄ఺ֱ҂ྏቑಛ ͹ࢋߏϤ֣۞Φڱ҂ྏԊᔛኛ֣̰̂ጯڱ ޠጯੰ۞ି଱˘੓੫၆Чࡊ҂ྏ۞ቑಛΐ ͽ੅ኢޢࢎ΍ֽ۞Ą33 ͽ͐ЂӀֲ֣ĞBayernğࠎּĂາ۞ Ķڱޠˠ۞ିֈᄃ҂ྏఢ݋ķௐ28୧ఢ ؠĂ҂ྏВ̶ࠎ6࣎҂ྏࡊϫซҖĂ˘В ࢋ҂6͇ćՏ͇҂1ࡊĂՏࡊ҂1࣎ᗟϫ ĞAufgabeğĂՏࡊ1࣎ᗟϫ۞҂ྏॡมࠎ5 ࣎̈ॡĄ׎̚ϔڱࢋ҂3ࡊăЖڱ҂1ࡊĂ ̳ڱ҂2ࡊĂҌٺ෦఩ڱ̙֭ಏ፾јࠎ҂ ྏࡊϫĂ҃ߏ૟෦఩ڱ۞યᗟ̶Ҿৼˢϔ ڱăЖڱᄃ̳ڱ۞҂ྏᗟϫ̚34Ą ΩγĂ҂ྏॡĂ҂ྏ؎ࣶົΞͽቁؠ ҂ϠΞͽણ҂ֱࣹ΍ۍۤ۞ڱ׏Ą҂Ϡࢋ ҋҖᛸ૲఺ֱజ̯ధણ҂۞ڱ׏Ăдඊྏ ఼࿅ޢĂЧ఼֣૱ᔘົఢؠ҂Ϡࢋ఼࿅˾ ྏĂд͐ЂӀֲ֣(Bayern)Ă˾ྏјᒻҫ ᓁјᒻ۞4̶̝1Ą ఼૱Ч֣၆ٺυ҂ࡊϫ۞ቑಛౌົү ߙ჌඀ޘ۞ࢨᒺĂᔖҺ҂Ϡࢋࢬ၆͉к۞ ҂ྏቑಛͽ࡭ٺ൑ଂ໤౯ĄЯѩдĶڱޠ ˠ۞ିֈᄃ҂ྏఢ݋ķௐ18୧ఢؠ̂ጯ۞ υ࣒ኝ඀ቑಛĄ˭ࢬ่੫၆ϔڱᄃЖڱఢ 32 ͽ˯ྤफ़ኛણ҂ౘ೎ᛟĂ2005ѐ3͡30͟ĂIJᇇ઼ڱጯିֈܕڶᄃ൴णijĂ൴ܑٺĶᇉৡڌӓ̂ጯڱጯੰޙੰ˝˩ฉ ѐᇉķٙᓝᏱ̝Ķڱጯିֈጯఙࡁ੅ົ-።Ϋ็ٚᄃ݈ᖀ൴णķ˘͛Ă3-4ࢱĄ 33 ү۰˯შԱזSachsen-Anhaltn ֣۞Φڱ҂ྏԊд2002ѐ6͡ගѣᙯௐ˘Ѩڱޠˠ҂ྏ۞҂ྏ̰ट۞ޙᛉྤफ़Ă׎д ޙᛉ३̚೩זĂፋ࣎҂ྏ̰ट۞ޙᛉ३ߏϤᑒΦڱ҂ྏԊᄃ੺˚ྮᇇ̂ጯڱጯੰ۞૞ຽົᛉ੅ኢ΍ֽ۞Ăдޙᛉ३ ̚ ࢋ Ր ҂ ᗟ ᑕ ྍ ଂ ޙ ᛉ ३ ̚ ۞ ቑ ಛ ΍ Ą ѣ Ꮈ ኷ ۰ Ξ ͽ ણ ҂ Ĉ h t t p : / / w w w. j u s t i z m i n i s t e r i u m . s a c h s e n -anhalt.de/ljpa/files/prueferempfehlungen.pdf ү۰˯შॡมࠎ2005ѐ2͡7͟Ą 34 ѣᙯ͐ЂӀֲ֣Ķڱޠˠ۞ିֈᄃ҂ྏఢ݋ķኛણ҂Ĉhttp://www.justiz.bayern.de/ljpa/japo/JAPO_2003_Bayern.pdfĂ ˯შ͟ഇĈ2005.3.13Ą ֶ໰ᖞ۞Ķڱޠ۞ିֈᄃ҂ྏఢ݋ķĂௐ˘Ѩڱޠ઼छ҂ྏВࢋ҂8࣎ࡊϫĂ׎̚ѣ˘ࡊߏٙᏜ۞Ᏼ҂ࡊϫĂϫ݈̏ གྷజٙᏜ۞ጯ७ࢦᕇᅳાࡊϫפ΃Ăኛણ҂ᇍκโ̂ጯගጯϠ۞ጯ௫ᄲځĄ׎΁7ࡊ̶Ҿࠎϔڱ3ࡊĞ̶Ҿࠎϔڱă થڱᄃ̳Φڱă౻̍ڱğăЖڱ1ࡊă̳ڱ1ࡊăለ߷ڱ1ࡊă෦఩ڱ1 ࡊĄྎ௟ଐԛኛણ҂ᇍκโ̂ጯڱጯੰ۞შ ৭Ĉhttp://www.jura.uni-muenchen.de/einrichtungen/dekanat/aktuelles/merk4.pdfĂ˯შ͟ഇĈ2005.3.13Ą

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ؠᄲځт˭35Ĉ Ğ˘ğϔڱొ̶Ă̶ࠎˬొ̶Ĉ 1. ᓁ݋Ăҭᙯٺڱˠొ̶่ኘ௡ᖐయ Їొ̶ࢋ҂ćๅڱĞЕ΍ߙֱଵੵ̙҂۞ ቑಛğĂ֭ૻአ͹ࢋ҂ПᐍయЇķĞGefaeh-rdungshaftungğ۞ૄᖂĂ֭ૻአПᐍ͹ࢋ ޽۞ߏϔڱă྽ྮϹ఼ڱఢ̈́થݡᄦౄయ Ї۞ڱఢ̰टćۏᝋڱĞଵੵߙֱۏᝋఢ ؠğĄ 2. छलڱ่Β߁ඕ૓۞˘ਠड़˧ă͈ ؍ੑயᙯܼăᗓ૓۞ࣧЯ̈́ᗓ૓ޢ͈؍ม ۞ԬዳᙯܼăѣᙯᏐᛳ۞˘ਠఢؠă̄ ̃ăͭϓ̄̃۞ᏐᝋᙯܼᄃᏐᛳมԬዳᙯ ܼĄ 3. ᚶٚڱ่Β߁ڱؠᚶٚึԔăᚶٚ ˠڱޠ˯۞гҜăຍؠᚶٚึԔăপ঻Њ ඈఢؠĄ Ğ˟ğЖڱొ̶ĈΒӣЖڱᓁ݋Ăҭ̙Β ߁੠෦ᝋඈĄЖڱ̶݋ߙֱౢ༼Ă ҭ̙Β߁1-5ă8ă11ă12Ă24-26̈́ 29ౢĄ тڍ̶ژЧ֣̂ጯ۞ኝ඀̰टΞͽ࠻ זĂЧ֣̂ጯ۞υ࣒ኝ඀Ăૄώ˯ߏણ҂ Ч֣ѣᙯĶڱޠିֈᄃ҂ྏķఢ݋҃నࢍ ۞Ąּтଂ͐ЂӀֲ֣̂ጯ۞ጯϠጯ௫ࢍ ൪ኝ඀Ξͽ൴னኝ඀۞ఢထߏֶ໰඾Ķڱ ޠˠ۞ିֈᄃ҂ྏఢ݋ķௐ18୧ఢؠΐͽ నࢍĄ˘ਠ҃֏ĂጯϠ۞ᓁጯ̶ᇴ̂ࡗд 160-170ጯ̶̝มĄ

Ёăέ៉Φڱ҂ྏטޘԼࢭ۞

Ξਕ͞Ш

˘ă೩੼ޠर҂ྏ۞ᐂפதĂ֭૟

̈́ॾ۞јᒻ̶јೀ࣎ඈ৺

έ៉ϏֽдΦڱ҂ྏטޘ˯̙Ӹણ҂ ᇇ઼઼ٕ࡚۞טޘĂ೩੼ޠर۞̈́ॾதĄ ͽᇇ઼ࠎּĂௐ˘Ѩڱޠ઼छ҂ྏ۞̈́ॾ தд70%ͽ˯Ăௐ˟Ѩڱޠ઼छ҂ྏ۞̈́ ॾதд85%νΠĄ̙࿅дڱޠ҂ྏ۞ෞ̶ ̚Ăᇇ઼ព൒֭ܧᖎಏ۞૟ણᄃڱޠ઼छ ҂ྏ۰۞јᒻ̶ࠎ̈́ॾᄃ̙̈́ॾ׌࣎ඈ ৺Ąдણᄃ҂ྏ۞̈́ॾ۰̚Ă׎јᒻГડ ̶ࠎ̣჌̙Т۞඀ޘĞޝрăрăԆБ̈́ ॾă̈́ॾă֖ૉ۞ğĄΪࢋણᄃڱޠ઼छ ҂ྏ̈́ॾ۰Ăࣧ݋˯ಶѣྤॾଂְڱءٕ ۰ޠर̍үĄҭߏĂ၁ᅫ˯â࣎פ଀ڱ ޠ઼छ҂ྏ҂ྏ̈́ॾ۰Ăࢋਕдְຽ˯ਕ ૉѣٙ൴णĂᔘࢋ࠻сƝ΁׎΁۞ਕ˧Ą ΩγĂᇇ઼۞ڱጯିֈ̚Ă่̯ధڱޠጯ ੰ۞ጯϠણΐ׌Ѩڱޠ઼छ҂ྏĞдপঅ ۞ଐڶ˭ĂΞͽѣˬѨ۞፟ົğĂ఺ᇹ۞ ҂ྏ፟ט͹ࢋԓ୕ឰߙֱ̙ዋЪڱޠ̍ү ۞ጯϠΞͽѝ͟௲ᗓ઼छ҂ྏӧဩĄ̙࿅ ఺ᇹ۞טޘ̝ٙͽΞͽдᇇ઼జତצĂΞ ਕྫྷι۞ᐂפதࡗд7јѣᙯĄέ៉ϫ݈ ధкڱޠրலຽ۞ጯϠĂــࢋ܅ధкѐ ۞ॡมણᄃڱޠ઼छ҂ྏĂ҃Ϥٺ҂ྏ۞ ᐂפத၁д͉Ҳ˞Ğޠर҂ྏ8%۞ᐂפ தćڱءྤॾ҂ྏࡗ3%~5%۞̈́ॾதğĂ тڍϏֽᇇ઼఺჌ࢨט҂ྏѨᇴ۞טޘࢋ дέ៉۞ڱጯିֈ͔̚ซĂ݋ѣυࢋА૟ ઼छޠर҂ྏ۞ᐂפத೩੼Ăӎ݋ࢨט҂ ྏѨᇴ۞טޘĂऻُᙱͽдέ៉జତצĄ 35 ͽ˯ྤफ़۞ፋநߏү۰ॲፂ͐ЂӀֲ֣Ķڱޠˠ۞ିֈᄃ҂ྏఢ݋ķௐ18୧۞ఢؠ̂ரፋநĂ֭ܧుфᖙᛌĂֻ่ ᝝۰ણ҂Ą

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˟ăΦڱ҂ྏ۞Լࢭᑕྫྷጯ७ڱጯ

ିֈ࠹੨Ъ

ଂᇇ઼ܕѐڱጯିֈᄃ઼छڱޠ҂ྏ Լࢭ࿅඀̚Ă࠻ז࠹ᙯטޘ۞Լࢭົ૟Ч ̂ጯڱጯੰି଱ࣇ۞ຍ֍ৼˢĄдԼࢭ࿅ ඀̚͹ࢋ҂ณڱጯିֈ۞ϫᇾͽ઼̈́छᅮ ࢋ̦ᆃᇹ۞ڱޠˠ̖ĄΩγĂԧࣇ˵࠻ז ᇇ઼ڱጯିֈᄃڱޠ઼छ҂ྏ̝ม۞૜̷ ᙯܼĄጯ७ڱጯିֈ۞јڍ͹ࢋ౅࿅௚˘ ۞ڱޠ઼छ҂ྏ۞፟טֽቁؠĂ఺Ѩ۞࣒ ڱĂࠤҌឰጯ७ڱጯੰ࢑యௐ˘Ѩڱޠ҂ ྏјᒻ̚۞30%ෞ̶Ą ϫ݈έ៉Φڱءăޠर҂ྏטޘ۞న ࢍĂ֭Ϗ૟҂ϠдЧ̂ጯڱޠրጯ௫ڱޠ ࣒௫ڱޠ࠹ᙯኝ඀۞јᒻৼˢ҂ณĂЯѩ ౄј઼̰Ч̂ጯڱޠրጯϠ၆ٺ̂ጯ̚ڱ ޠኝ඀۞ጯ௫ຍᙸҲརĂଂࡁտ൴னĂܕ ѐֽĂ̙͌Ч̂ጯڱޠր۞ጯϠĂှᙸ଺ ୢ̂ጯڱޠր۞ڱޠ࠹ᙯኝ඀Ă݈҃ـྃ ௫঱ጯ௫ڱޠ۞้ШĄώಡӘ֭ܧӎᄮྃ ௫঱םӄ҂Ϡࢬ၆҂ྏᑅ˧۞ΑਕĂҭߏ ̂ጯ̚ڱޠր۞Ч჌ڱޠ࠹ᙯኝ඀ѣ̙͌ ߏྫྷڱޠˠˠॾ۞ૈዳăڱޠޥჯ۞੊ቚ ѣᙯĄЯѩ҂ྏੰଂܜഇఢထ۞៍ᕇ࠻Ă ѣυࢋ૟҂Ϡд̂ጯڱޠր࣒ٙ௫۞ڱޠ ኝ඀јᒻĂЕࠎ҂ณ҂ϠΦڱء҂ྏజᐂ פٕޠर҂ྏפ଀ޠरྤॾ۞јᒻ҂ณĄ

ˬă҂ྏ۞ቑಛᄃ҂ྏᗟϫ۞ણ҂

ඍ९ᑕྍ̳ο

ԧ઼ѣᙯΦڱءăޠर҂ྏ۞યᗟĂ ͹ࢋдٺ৿ͻ˘࣎׻ᗟᄃዦס۞މ៍۞ᇾ ໤ĄϤٺдፋ࣎ڱޠ҂ྏטޘ༊̚Ăᇆᜩ ҂ྏඕڍ౵ۡତ҃ͷᅮࢋԼච۞׌̂ࢦ ᕇĂಶߏ׻ᗟ׶ዦסĄϏֽ҂ྏੰѣᙯΦ ڱ҂ྏ۞ԼࢭᑕྍАޙϲ˘࣎Φڱءăޠ र҂ྏ׻ᗟᄃዦס۞މ៍ᇾ໤Ă઱ѣт ѩĂ̖Ξͽගᄃٙѣ҂Ϡ˘̳࣎π҂ྏ۞ ޞ࿃Ă઼ֹ̰֭ڱጯࠧѣՀϒࢬ۞൴णĄ ү۰д2001ѐତצ҂Ᏼొ؎੉ซҖ ĶΦڱءăޠर҂ྏྏᗟ࠹ᙯયᗟ̶ژ૞ ९ࡁտķॡĂഅགྷ೩΍ѣᙯԼซΦڱءޠ र҂ྏྏᗟ׻ᗟ۞Ξਕ͞ШĄ36 ༊ॡ೩ז۞ޙᛉт˭Ĉ Ğ˘ğ׻ᗟ۰ᑕڦຍΦڱءăޠर҂ྏ۞ ᐂפᇾ໤ ॲፂԧ઼2002ѐ࣒ϒ̳ο۞Ķ̳ચˠ ࣶপ჌҂ྏΦڱˠࣶ҂ྏఢ݋ķௐ8୧ఢ ؠĂΦڱء҂ྏ̚ඊྏјᒻߏϤ೼఼ࡊϫ јᒻΐ૞ຽࡊϫјᒻЪ׀ࢍზ̝Ą҃೼఼ ࡊϫјᒻͽՏࡊјᒻࢷͽ10%ޢ̝ᓁ׶ࢍ ზ̝Ą૞ຽࡊϫјᒻͽЧࡊϫјᒻᓁ׶ੵ ͽࡊϫᇴГࢷͽٙΚ౺ዶѺ̶ͧࢍზ̝Ą ׎̚ௐ˘ྏඊྏјᒻ̚тڍѣ˘ࡊࠎ࿬̶ ٕᓁјᒻϏ႕50̶ٕ૞ຽࡊϫπӮјᒻϏ ႕̣˩̶۰ĂӮ̙̟ᐂפĄ৿҂̝ࡊϫĂ ͽ࿬̶ࢍზĄధк΍҂ᗟ۞ҁर၆ٺ఺࣎ ఢؠ̙֭˞ྋĂͽ࡭ٺــдග̶˯˩̶ ᚑࡳĂౄјѣֱॡ࣏Ă҂ϠЯࠎߙֱԼᗟ ۰ගҲ̶۞ېڶĂ൑ڱజᐂפĄҌٺдޠ 36 ҂ᏴొበОĂౘ೎ᛟ͹޺ĂĮΦڱءăޠर҂ྏྏᗟ࠹ᙯયᗟ̶ژ૞९ࡁտಡӘįĂ҂ᏴొࡁտրЕĂϔ઼91ѐ12͡ ОĂ48-49ࢱĄ

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र҂ྏొ̶Ăϫ݈າ࣒ϒ۞Ķ૞ܝᖚຽ̈́ ԫఙˠࣶ੼ඈ҂ྏޠर҂ྏఢ݋ķௐ19୧ ఢؠĈĶώ҂ྏ̈́ॾ͞ёĂͽБ඀ז҂ˠ ᇴѺ̶̝ˣࠎ̈́ॾĂ֖ᗝᐂפĄБ඀ז҂ ˠᇴѺ̶̝ˣࡶѣ̈ᇴâޠซҜפ׎ፋ ᇴĂ֭ͽБ඀ז҂ˠᇴѺ̶̝ˣ౵ޢ˘Щ ̝ᓁπӮјᒻࠎ׎̈́ॾᇾ໤Ă౵ޢ˘Щѣ ᇴˠТ̶âޠᐂפĄķ̙Гѣ࿅Νᖞఢ ؠࢋՐĶ૞ຽࡊϫπӮјᒻϏ႕̣˩̶ ۰ĂӮ̙̟̈́ॾĄķ۞ఢؠĂયᗟྵ͌Ą Ğ˟ğ׻ᗟ۰ᑕྍ၆ٺ҂Ϡ۞҂ྏ࿅඀ѣ ٙᒢྋ ॲፂү۰ࡁտĂΦڱ҂ྏ̚׻ᗟ۰၆ ٺણΐ઼छΦڱ҂ྏॡĂ҂Ϡ۞҂ྏ࿅඀ ᒢྋѣࢨĂЯѩд׻ᗟॡĂົழن҂Ϡυ ืдˬ͇̝̰Ăੵ˞҂೼఼ࡊϫ׌ࡊĞ઼ ͛ᄃ̚රϔ઼ጳڱğγĂΩࢋ҂૞ຽࡊϫ ˛༼ٕ̱༼ĞВΒ߁˝჌ڱޠࡊϫğĄ׻ ᗟ۰ــ՟ѣڦຍϫ઼݈छΦڱ҂ྏдα ᗟඕၹ۞҂ᗟ˭ĂϤٺՏ༼Ѩ่ࠎ120̶ ᛗĂ҂Ϡࢬ၆Տ˘ᗟ่ѣ25ז30̶ᛗ۞ඍ ᗟॡมĂ఺ֱౌᑕྍд׻ᗟॡజ҂ณ۞Ą ĞˬğՏࡊྏᗟ̚ᑕ҂ณͽྍࡊૄώۢᙊ ࠎ׻ᗟ۞၆෪ĂᔖҺҽᆈ۞ጯఙّ ᗟϫĂՀࢋڦຍ׻ᗟֹϡ͛фჟቁ ّ ࠎ˞ֹ҂ྏᗟϫ׍ѣᝥҾ˧Ă׻ᗟ۰ ᑕྍ҂ณᗟϫߏᛳٺڱጯૄώۢᙊĂᔘߏ எ๸۞ጯఙᗟϫĄҭߏϤٺдέ៉ϫ݈Ч ̂ጯڱޠրି଱Φڱءޠर҂ྏ૞ຽࡊϫ ኝ඀۞ି଱ࣇ၆ٺྍࡊϫૄώۢᙊ۞Вᙊ ̙֭хдĂЯѩĂд҂ྏ࿅඀̚Ăтңࢋ Ր׻ᗟ؎ࣶĂд׻ᗟॡᑕͽૄώۢᙊࠎ׻ ᗟᇾ໤Ăᑕྍΐͽ҂ณĄΩγĂ׻ᗟ۰ᑕ ྍۢ྽ણᄃ઼छΦڱ҂ྏ۞҂Ϡ֭ܧҋ̎ д̂ጯ଱ኝ۞ጯϠĂЯѩд҂ᗟ۞ϡᄬ ˯Ăᑕྍڦຍࢋֹϡឰ҂ϠΞͽநྋ۞͛ фĂᔖҺֹϡઐᆈٕ۰࣎ˠጯఙ˯፾প۞ ጯఙϡᄬĂͽҺ҂Ϡᄮࠎ׻ᗟ۰ֹϡĶ፾ ܝຳጡķĂ҃၆҂ྏ۞̳πّѣٙኳႷĄ ׻ᗟ۰Тॡᑕ҂ᇋдՏ˘࣎҂ᗟ̚ĂҌ͌ ѣೀ࣎׻ᗟࢦᕇĂ֭ᑕᔖҺણ҂ඍ९ߏͽ ࡦᄪߙ˘୧͛ࠎᇾ໤ĄдዦסॡĂੵ˞҂ ณѣࣹೀ࣎ࢦᕇߏ҂Ϡдඍᗟॡᑕڦຍז ۞ְีγĂ֭ᑕᖎரᄲځᅮࢋ҂Ϡࢋኢந ֱ֤ڱጯநኢ37Ą Ğαğ׻ᗟ۰ᑕڦຍᔖҺд̙ڦຍ۞ଐဩ ˭Ăࠈ႒׎׻ᗟ̶֗̈́׻ᗟ۞͞Ш дซҖ҂Ᏼొ؎੉ĶΦڱءăޠर҂ ྏྏᗟ࠹ᙯયᗟ̶ژ૞९ࡁտķ࿅඀̚Ă ൴னѣֱ׻ᗟ؎ࣶĂົдણΐ҂Ᏼొ۞׻ ᗟົᛉޢĂдኝૅ˯ٕ׎΁ಞ̙ٙགྷຍᄲ ΍Ķ̫͇ԧז҂ᏴొฟົĂ༥זߙֱߙֱ ҁरķඈᄬ֏Ă఺ֱܫिග̟γˠ଀ͽட ീྍѐ׻ᗟ؎ࣶ۞ΞਕĄтңᔖҺ఺჌ଐ ڶ۞൴ϠĂ၆ٺ҂ྏ۞̳πّߏޝࢦࢋ ۞Ą 37 дү۰ซҖ҂Ᏼొ؎੉ĶΦڱءăޠर҂ྏྏᗟ࠹ᙯયᗟ̶ژ૞९ࡁտķĂ൴னѣֱ׻ᗟ۰ֹϡĶγᄬķĄٕ۰ּт Жڱ҂Οᗟ̚അ΍னĶర఼ϚķϡᄬĄдү۰ซҖ˯ࢗࢍ൪ॡĂણᄃ׻ᗟົᛉ۞૞छጯ۰ܑϯĂ΁ࣇүࠎ˘࣎Жڱ ጯ۰Ă၆ٺర఼Ϛ˘ෟ۞நྋ˵̙ߏޝ୻຾Ąϫֶ݈ፂϔ઼92ѐ12͡24࣒͟ϒ۞Ķ૞ܝᖚຽ̈́ԫఙˠࣶ੼ඈ҂ྏޠ र҂ྏఢ݋ķௐ12୧ௐ2ีఢؠĈĶ݈ีᑕྏ૞ຽࡊϫ (α) ϔְ෦఩ڱă (̱) Жְ෦఩ڱ̈́ (˛) ૻטેҖڱĂྏચ ፟ᙯ૟ܢ൴ྍࡊБొڱޠ୧ֻ͛ᑕ҂ˠણ҂ĄķтѩྵਕᔖҺ׻ᗟͽࡦᄪ୧͛ࠎ̰टĄ

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Ğ̣ğ׻ᗟ۰ᑕᔖҺͽ҂ྏ݈Լۍ३ᚱ۞ ̰टүࠎ҂ྏᗟϫ дĶ˼༱Ҿֽળڱޠķ˘३ௐ117ࢱ ̚Ăྍ३ү۰໅ം౰೩זĶፂᄲѣҜ̂ڱ ءߏ઼छ҂ྏ۞༊൒΍ᗟҁरĂՏѐυؠ ΍ᗟĂ҃ٙ΍۞ᗟϫĂౌ΍ҋ΁ᖞۍିࡊ ३՟ѣăາۍΐซֽ۞ొ̶Ăٕߏາᖞۍ ώ֍ྋ̙Т۞ొ̶ķĄ၆ٺ఺ֱ็֏Ă҂ ᏴొᑕྍΐͽአߤĂሏ୻˘ਠˠ۞ႷᇋĂ Հࢦࢋ۞ᑕྍ೩ᏹ׻ᗟ؎ࣶᑕጐณᔖҺౄ ј఺჌О෪38Ą ΩγĂ઼छΦڱ҂ྏ۞׻ᗟ۰Ăᑕྍ ͽྍጯఙࠧᄃ၁ચࠧ̏གྷѣྵк੅ኢ۞ᛉ ᗟүࠎ׻ᗟ၆෪ĂᔖҺͽ࣎ˠ፾প۞ࡁտ јڍࠎ׻ᗟ၆෪ĄϤٺΦڱءăޠर҂ྏ ߏ˘჌੫၆઼̰ٙѣڱޠրጯϠٕ࣒௫˘ ؠᇴณڱޠࡊϫ۰ٙᓝҖ۞̳ฟ҂ྏĂ҂ ྏ̰टᑕͽ̂ొ̶઼̰ጯ۰̏གྷ੅ኢ۞ᛉ ᗟࠎ၆෪Ă၆ٺ׻ᗟ۰࣎ˠࡁտ۞າ൴ன ̈́࣎ˠপҾڦຍז۞ᛉᗟĂᑕጐณᔖҺĄ ּтдϔ઼90ѐޘޠर҂ྏϔ෦˘ࡊௐ˟ ᗟѣᙯϔְᝥؠݵࡗ۞ᗟϫĂ่߆ڼ̂ጯ Ք݄ҳି଱അགྷᇤ͛૞ܝ੅ኢĂҭྍᗟ֭ ܧՔି଱ٙ΍ĂՔି଱ݒЯѩజ҂Ϡᄱྋ ֭యَĂ΄ˠ᏷ጹ۞ߏĂྍҜ׻ᗟ۰д91 ѐޘ۞҂ྏ̚ᚶᜈ׻ᗟĄ Ğ̱ğдαᗟ׻ᗟඕၹϏԼͽ݈Ă׻ᗟ۰ ᑕڦຍᗟϫ͛ф̙ࢋ̴ܜă͛фࢋ Ϩྖ д90ѐޘ۞ᗟϫ̚Ăѣֱ׻ᗟ۞фᇴ к྿ܕ400фĂ҂Ϡ̚ѣˠͅᑕѩౄјඍ ᗟޝ̂۞࢑ፉĂޙᛉ҂ᗟ۞фᇴጐณд 250фͽ̰Ăҭ̙Β߁ٙܢڱ୧۞фᇴĄ Ğ˛ğ׻ᗟ۰ᑕྍጐณдዦס݈АྫྷТ˘ ࡊϫ۞ࡁտ۰੫၆ણ҂ඍ९ซҖ੅ ኢ̳֭Ә ү۰дซҖ҂Ᏼొ؎੉۞҂Ᏼొ؎੉ ĶΦڱءăޠर҂ྏྏᗟ࠹ᙯયᗟ̶ژ૞ ९ࡁտķॡĂॲፂ҂Ᏼొ೩ֻ۞ྤफ़Ă൴ னѣ̙͌۞׻ᗟ۰Ăдዦסॡ̙֭೩ֻણ ҂ඍ९Ąּт90ѐΦڱء҂ྏڱޠࡊϫ̚ Տࡊࡗѣ1-2Ҝ׻ᗟ۰̙೩ֻણ҂ඍ९Ą д90ѐޠर҂ྏЧ૞ຽڱޠࡊϫ̚Ăѣ׌ ࣎ࡊϫ۞׻ᗟ۰ౌϏ೩ֻણ҂ඍ९Ă׎΁ 4࣎ࡊϫ݋่ѣ1Ҝ׻ᗟ۰೩ֻඍ९Ăጳڱ ˘ࡊѣ׌Ҝ׻ᗟ۰೩ֻඍ९39Ąд՟ѣણ ҂ඍ९۞ଐڶ˭Ă׻ᗟ۰ٕዦס۰۞ዦס ᇾ໤тң΄ˠᘃႷĄΩγĂᔵ൒҂Ϡࣇ̙ ᕝࢋՐĂҭߏΦڱ҂ྏҌ̫ଂϏ̳ο҂ᗟ ۞ણ҂ඍ९Ă఺่̙ឰ҂Ϡ၆ٺҋ̎҂ྏ ଐԛ൑ڱநྋĂ˵࿁ͅ҂ྏ۞౅ځّĂѣ υࢋΐͽԼតĄ

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ώ͛͹ࢋଣ੅ԧ઼னҖΦڱˠࣶ҂ྏ טޘĂ၆ٺڱጯିֈ۞ᇆᜩĂү۰ဘྏ૟ ᇇ઼2002ѐڱޠˠڱጯିֈᄃ઼छ҂ྏט ޘ۞ԼࢭགྷរΐͽᄲځĂԓ୕ਕૉѣӄٺ ԧ઼ᑢؠ઼छΦڱˠࣶ҂Ᏼטޘॡ̝ણ ҂Ăϫ݈ԧ઼Φڱ҂ྏטޘ۞ᐂפதͽ̈́ ׻ᗟăዦᗟ͞ёѣυࢋΐͽԼࢭĄ҂ྏੰ ܕѐֽࡎ൒೩΍ˬЪ˘҂ྏĞፋЪޠरă 38 ҂ᏴొበОĂౘ೎ᛟ͹޺ĂĮΦڱءăޠर҂ྏྏᗟ࠹ᙯયᗟ̶ژ૞९ࡁտಡӘįĂ҂ᏴొࡁտրЕĂϔ઼91ѐ12͡ ОĂ180ࢱĄ 39 Т݈ොĂ46-48ࢱ

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Φڱءăᑭ၅ء҂ྏࠎ˘࣎҂ྏğ۞͞ ९Ą൒҃ĂΞଓѩ˘͞९ϫ݈إϏԆјϲ ڱ඀ԔĄΩγĂ҂ྏੰ˵ဘྏ೩΍૞ຽ̶ ௡Ᏼ҂۞טޘĂҭߏĂזϫ݈ࠎͤĂ՟ѣ జ·̶੅ኢĂЯѩጯࠧᄃጯϠӮૻ˧ͅ ၆Ąώ͛၆ٺԧ઼Φڱ҂ྏтңڱט̼ă ౅ځ̼೩΍੅ኢĂԓ୕၆ٺԧ઼۞҂Ᏼט ޘĂтңᏴ҂ዋ༊۞ڱޠˠ̖Ă೩چ઼छ ۞ᚮۋ˧ĂѣٙޙፘĄՀԓ୕д౅ځ̼ă ڱט̼۞҂ྏטޘޙϲޢĂՀкତצڱጯ ିֈ۞ڱޠˠĂΞͽ᎕ໂણᄃ઼छڱڼ̼ ᄃˠᝋܲᅪ̍үĄ

(21)

ણ҂३ϫ

˘ă͛̚ొ̶

Ķڱޠˠڱຍᙊࡁտࢍ൪ķĞ2000ğĈ90ѐᔛኛЧ̂ጯڱጯੰੰܜٕր͹Ї۞ळኘົࡔ ᐂĄኛણ҂ࢍ൪შ৭Ĉhttp://www.lawplan.nccu.edu.tw/html/index.htmlĄ ҂Ᏼొშ৭Ăѣᙯ̳ચˠࣶ҂Ᏼ࠹ᙯڱఢĂშӬࠎĈhttp://w4.moex.gov.tw/law/law601. html̈́http://w4.moex.gov.tw/law/law007.htmlĂ˯შ͟ഇĈ2005ѐ4͡25͟Ą เϲĞ2002ğĈ઼छ҂ྏטޘᄃڱጯିֈ̢̝જᙯܼĄќٺĮڱጯିֈԼࢭጯఙࡁ੅ົ ኢ͛ะįĄ ૺॢ܆Ğ2002ğĈ௚ࢍጯ˯۞̶ژĄќٺΦڱءăޠर҂ྏྏᗟ࠹ᙯયᗟ̶ژ૞९ࡁտ ಡӘĄ҂ᏴొࡁտրЕĂࢱ186Ąࢍ൪͹޺ˠĈౘ೎ᛟି଱Ą ࿚͢ኰĞ2005ğĈ͟ώڱࡊ̂ጯੰטޘ̝পᇈᄃયᗟᕇĄ൴ܑٺڌӓ̂ጯᇉৡڱጯੰޙ ੰ90ฉѐᇉĶڱጯିֈጯఙࡁ੅ົķĂ2005ѐ3͡31͟Ą ౘ೎ᛟĞ2003ğĈΦڱءăޠर҂ྏྏᗟ࠹ᙯયᗟ̶ژ૞९ࡁտࢍ൪Ą҂Ᏼొࡁտࢍ൪ ಡӘĄ ౘ೎ᛟĞ2005ğĈڱጯ૞ຽିֈԼࢭ۞நه ęę ͽέ៉ăᇇ઼ࠎּĂ͡όڱጯĂௐ119 ഇĄᄂΔξĈ̮໰΍ۍ̳ΦĂࢱ155-157Ą2004ѐ9͡24͟൴ܑٺڱચొ͹Ᏹ̝ĶΦڱ Լࢭૄᖂ̍඀-ڱጯିֈ̝ࢭາķ઼ᅫڱጯࡁ੅ົĄ ౘ೎ᛟĞ2005ğĈڱጯ૞ຽିֈԼࢭ۞நهĄ͡όڱጯĂ119ഇĄᄂΔξĈ̮໰΍ۍ̳ ΦĂࢱ155-157Ą ౘ೎ᛟĞ2005ğĈᇇ઼ڱጯିֈܕڶᄃ൴णĄ൴ܑٺĶᇉৡڌӓ̂ጯڱጯੰޙੰ˝˩ฉ ѐᇉķٙᓝᏱ̝Įڱጯିֈጯఙࡁ੅ົ-።Ϋ็ٚᄃ݈ᖀ൴णįĂ2005ѐ3͡30͟Ăࢱ 3-4Ą ྜ഑ڒĞ2005ğĈέ៉ڱጯିֈܕڶᄃ൴णĄ൴ܑٺڌӓ̂ጯڱጯੰ͹Ᏹ̝Ķᇉৡڌӓ ̂ጯڱጯੰޙੰ˝˩ฉѐᇉĂڱጯିֈጯఙࡁ੅ົę።Ϋ็ٚᄃ݈ᖀ൴णķĂ2005ѐ 3͡30͟Ą ᗞ౿щĞ2002ğĈڱጯିֈ̝ϫ۞ᄃኝ඀̰टĄќٺĮڱጯିֈԼࢭጯఙࡁ੅ົኢ͛ ะįĄ ᜪمරĞ2003ğĈۤົྻજ۞Ķ፟ၹ̼ķĈࣘኢܧᒉӀ௡ᖐд̳ϔۤົ̚۞֎ҒĄќᐂ ٺૺࡷॳ/ዑϖѐ͹በĈ׌ثۤົྻજ̶ژĄέΔĂາҋ൒͹ཌྷĂࢱ1-28Ą

˟ăγ͛ొ̶

ᇇ઼Sachsen-Anhaltn ֣۞Φڱ҂ྏԊд2002ѐ6͡ගѣᙯௐ˘Ѩڱޠˠ҂ྏ۞҂ྏ̰ट۞ ޙᛉ३Ăኛણ҂შӬĈhttp://www.justizministerium.sachsen-anhalt.de/ljpa/files/ prueferempfehlungen.pdfĄ˯შ͟ഇĈ2005ѐ2͡7͟Ą ᇇ઼͐ЂӀֲ֣Ķڱޠˠ۞ିֈᄃ҂ྏఢ݋ķĂኛણ҂შӬĈhttp://www.justiz.bayern.de/

(22)

ljpa/japo/JAPO_2003_Bayern.pdfĂ˯შ͟ഇĈ2005ѐ3͡13͟Ą

ᇇ઼ᇍκโڱጯੰĈhttp://www.jura.uni-muenchen.de/einrichtungen/dekanat/aktuelles/ merk4.pdfĂ˯შ͟ഇĈ2005ѐ3͡13͟Ą

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