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國立臺中教育大學 104 學年度研究所博士班招生考試
教育學試題
適用學系：教育學系 一、我國政府於民國 103 年 11 月陸續公布實驗教育三法，請分別略述其類型與 立法精神，指出其在我國基礎教育史上的意義；並請就「公立國民小學及 國民中學委託私人辦理條例」的內涵，參酌比較美國特許學校(charter school) 與英國自由學校(free school)的特性及其辦理經驗，說明我國將來公辦民營 學校經營的可能發展以及可能遭遇的問題。(30%) 二、教育部長於民國 103 年 11 月 25 日在「第八屆全國大專校院研發主管會議」 上指出，國內每年畢業博士生約 3,500 人，但大學只需 800 個博士，加諸 民國 105 年高等教育機構得面臨少子女化問題，高學歷高失業問題無疑更 形艱困。請就本質教育、人力資源、社會政治學與教育財政學向度構造高 教政策。(30%) 准考證號碼：共 3 頁，第 2 頁 三、英文閱讀理解與摘要(40%)
I. 閱讀下列短文，回答兩題選擇題(單選)後，寫出中文大要。
In another place (Lortie 1968) I have compared how classroom teachers and professors are induced into work; the analysis was organized around the functions of shared ordeals in work socialization. (Some of the ideas were referred to in chapter 3.) Basing the comparison on research done by Hall and others, I pointed out that graduate students in arts and science typically share ordeals which forge their identities as members of the occupation. Doctoral examinations are a case in point. Hall(1967) found that graduate students who worked together to prepare for such experiences underwent greater identity change than those who worked alone; in that sense, collective strategies for dealing with a common problem were rewarded. Such ordeals differentiate members of the field from nonmembers; they also strengthen the self-esteem of those who persist and, in the aggregate, the self-esteem of members of the occupation. The neophyte’s readiness to experience demanding trials demonstrates his commitment; older members of the field are reassured that newcomers “care” about their work. Examination procedures require that senior colleagues attest to the fitness of those who are accepted; in moments of self-doubt, those who have passed through the system can reassure themselves that they were tested and found acceptable. The same processes take place where protracted apprenticeships govern training and entry; the “graduate” knows that his capacities have been examined and certified.
1. 以上短文是摘錄自何人的作品？(2.5%)
(1)Lortie (2) Hall (3) Hall and others (4)Newcomer 2. 以上摘錄的內容主要是討論那類人員的社會化歷程？(2.5%) (1)研究生 (2)教師 (3)教授 (4)博士
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II. 閱讀下列短文，回答兩題選擇題(單選)後，寫出中文大要。
While both functionalists and Marxists might see the need to understand how a certain group views its worked, neither would accept the idea that this is the primary function of social research. In contrast to the view that we should avoid attributions of incompetence to social actors, both functionalists and Marxists, for different reasons, would find such an attribution important. Functionalists need the category of incompetence to explain and justify the different social positions that students will come to occupy after they leave school. Marxists need the same category to identity and explain false consciousness. Whereas both might agree with the interpretivist that there is a need to understand the particular interpretation developed by social actors, they would insist upon the need to apply a more refined set of procedures in order to judge its adequacy. Functionalists, for example, would judge inadequate any interpretation they thought was based upon a commitment to particularistic norms, while Marxists would view with suspicion any interpretation developed in the context of class domination. 1. 以上摘錄短文中未提到的是哪一個理論派別的名稱？(2.5%) (1)結構功能論 (2)衝突論 (3)解釋論 (4)馬克斯理論 2. 以上摘錄短文中的哪一個派別，比較不會為一個人的失敗去找原因？(2.5%) (1)結構功能論 (2)衝突論 (3)解釋論 (4)馬克斯理論 3. 請以中文寫出 200 字左右之內容大要。(15%)
