• 沒有找到結果。

蘇軾《東坡志林》文學研究

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "蘇軾《東坡志林》文學研究"

Copied!
212
0
0

加載中.... (立即查看全文)

全文

(1)୯ҥύᑫεᏢύ୯ЎᏢ‫!س‬ ᅺγᏢՏፕЎ!. ᝵ၪȠܿ‫݅דڵ‬ȡЎᏢࣴ‫!ز‬ Literary Research on Dongpozhilin by Su Shi ! ! ! ! !. ! ࡰᏤ௲௤Ǻ‫ࡌ׵‬ᅽ Chien-Fu Lee! ! ! ࣴ ‫ ز‬ғǺଭ๭ࣔ Ching-Chen Ma ! ! ύ๮҇୯ 101 ԃ 12 Д.

(2) !.

(3) ፾᝔᢯ʳ ၞԵխᘋՕᖂխ֮ߓԿ‫תڣ‬ऱழ٠Δ‫ח‬Գᣄ‫ݱ‬Ζଥ฾խ֮ࡉ‫֮؀‬ઔߒ ࢬֲ࡙ၲ๻ऱᓰ࿓Δᚌሏ‫ࠢײڇ‬Ε෼‫ז‬հխΔ‫ޓ‬ਢܑ‫ڶ‬ԫ྾ྗ࠺Ζൕᠿவ ত‫ק‬ཛπ֮֨ᙡᚊρ‫֮ࠢײ‬ᖂ෻ᓵ֮ࠩᓵΕᇣऄऱ൶ߒΔ່৵ᆵኔ࣍πࣟ ࡕ‫ࣥݳ‬ρऱઔߒΖ ԫሁᖂ฾ΔԼ։ტ᝔‫ޕ‬৬壂‫۔‬ஃΔଗղ೶‫ە‬஼ᤄࡉર֨ඒᖄΔᓵ֮թ ౨ൕྤࠩ‫ڶ‬Ζ᝔᝔ຫཱུ࢘‫۔‬ஃ࿯ղ࿨ዌऱຑ຃ࡉ‫׾‬ᓵ᜔ေऱᇖ‫ך‬৬ᤜΖ᝔ ᝔‫ܦ‬壂‫۔ܗ‬ஃ࿯ղऱਐ‫إ‬Εཚ๺֗ംᠲრᢝऱ৸‫ڤֱە‬Ζ ᐊᓵ່֮৵‫ڣת‬Δሖࠩለ‫ڍ‬ऱ᧢ਚΖհছΕ᝔᝔ࣔሐխᖂ‫ٵ‬რ‫֚ػ‬ଥ ᓰΖ‫ޓ‬ტ᝔ଶࠩխཽ೏խΔᖂீ࿯ղऱᄵᄊᣂᡖ֗‫୲ץ‬ΖխཽՕሐ௧ଅ‫ܬ‬ ࢲΔխᘋՕᆺᨛոՀऱ࣪ቕΔནᨠլ‫ٵ‬Δਢᖂ฾ΕՈਢૹᄅऱᐉီፖ‫ހ‬ᖗ ‫᧢ޏ‬Ζ ᝔ ᝔ ୮ ԳΔ٣ ‫ س‬ዊ ࡲ ᚥ ‫ڦ‬Δ՛ ৘ ན ‫ ף ڳ‬ईΔࠟ ‫ ױ ۯ‬ფ ऱ ഏ ֮ ‫ ܗ‬ඒ ߭ ॑ Ε ቯᑽऱ࠰‫ܗ‬Ζ᝔᝔ԫሁຩ۴ऱᘣԳΕ‫۔‬ஃΕ‫ࠃٵ‬Εᖂ‫س‬Δ᝔᝔Օ୮Ζ. ဍ ੴ ᠃ ፾ ࣍ խ ཽ ೏ խ 2012.12.18.

(4) ኴ૞ʳ πࣟࡕ‫ࣥݳ‬ρ଺ࡨ૿ᎎ੡ԼԿᒧ‫׾‬ᓵΔ‫ז‬।ᤕሊ۞‫ط‬৸უΕឩՕᕢ୮ ሐอऱᇞᤩΔຘመ‫׾‬ᓵຏ‫ײ‬վհ᧢Δ඿‫ګ‬ԫ୮հߢΖ‫ڇ‬ত‫ݚ‬փ୲ԫ᧢Δ‫ګ‬ ੡ᙟ࿝ᠧಖհ‫܂‬Δ੷۟ᐙ᥼ඡࣔ՛঴۟෡Ζᤕሊ‫ࢡݳ‬՛ᎅ‫ߠױ‬ሐඒ֮֏塄 ։Ζ ᤕሊऱ֮ᢌ෻ᓵΔኔᔌ࣍πࣟࡕ‫ࣥݳ‬ρն࠴‫ء‬Δ੡ᓵ֮ઔߒૹ֨Ζ‫א‬ ψቔ֚Հհ೯ृ‫׏ژ‬᢯ωऱ֮७ᕖԺΔ൶ߒᤕሊ֮७ऱᗑ௽հ๠Δ੡֮ࠡ ᖂઔߒΖ‫ء‬ᓵ֮ࠉᅃπࣟࡕ‫ࣥݳ‬ρ֮᧯Δ։੡ԿՕ‫׌‬ၗΚ ԫΕඡ‫ڣ‬௧؆‫׾‬ᓵΔီ੡‫଀ޏ‬එ‫׈‬ऱ՗஼հ‫܂‬Δ඿‫ګ‬ԫ୮հߢΖ‫א‬᜕ ᖩ୮հߢᔮຫΕഔᦤ֫ऄ೪ဪ‫׾‬றΔ៶‫ط‬ᖵ‫׾‬૩ᇾរ‫נ‬լՅऱ‫׾‬ᢝᓵរΖ ‫ ᤞ ش ܓ‬࿜ ࠋ ‫؁‬Δᄗ ਔ ֮ ີ ‫ ׌‬ᠲΔᏺ ‫ີ ֮ ۥ‬Ζ೗ ๻ ‫ ׾‬ኔΔᓿ ፖ ᖵ ‫ ׾‬Գ ढ ᄅ ᎎ Δ ೏၌ᎅ෻౨Ժ֧࿇ᦰृࣲᓾऱᔊ࠺Ζ ԲΕ࿝ ಖ ១ ࿍ ᒧ ༏Δ‫ א‬១ પ ऱ ඖ ࠃ ࡉ ᐊ ན ᐊ რ ࿝ ऄΔሒ ၳ ᔞ რ ᔊ հ ֨ Ζ ᐉભტ࠹၌။టኔऱནွΔ࿇ཀ‫ृ܂‬ऱუቝԺΔຘ‫נ‬ભტऱಳ༈Ζᐊ‫ై܂‬ ‫ޗ‬ᣂࣹ‫ࡩۍ‬Δ‫ߠױ‬ፖൊ‫ڇٵا‬ऱߧ՗հ֨Ζ९ழၴᐊ‫܂‬ᖵ࿓Δࢭ᦭π‫׈‬ᎅ ᄅ፿ρᑗན᦮༟ֱ‫ڤ‬ᐊ‫س‬ᠦ‫ܑڽ‬Δലլ‫ٵ‬ழ़ᚘᜍ࣍ԫΖࠌ‫ܶش‬፝ᤖ៶հ ༅ߢ᧯Δല࿝ಖધᙕటኔ‫س‬੒ፖ༅ߢᘰᘱઌᘜ‫ٽ‬Ζ‫א‬৩ᚈ፿ߢᓳࠑ۞աΕ ܑԳΔ֧࿇ᘫ⽢ΕຐᔊΔ࢏ᥛլؓঞᏓऱႚอΔऴਐषᄎլ‫ٽ‬෻෼ွΖʳ ԿΕᤕ ሊ ‫ ࢡ ݳ‬՛ ᎅ ᖺ দ ऱ ሐ ඒ ‫ ۥ‬൑Ζሐ ඒ 塄 ‫ س‬ፖ ௡ ደ ‫ ۥ‬൑ ऱ ‫ ט‬Գ ‫ ੺ ט‬Ε ‫چ‬ጂሕუΕ壀ढ໴஑Δዌᗰሐඒ֮֏ᨠΖ ូ࿨πࣟࡕ‫ࣥݳ‬ρ‫׾‬ᓵΕ࿝ಖኙ‫ݚ‬Εࣔᤜᓵ֮֗ඡࣔ՛঴ऱᐙ᥼Ζ. ᣂ ᝶ ဲ Κ ᤕ ሊ Επ ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρΕ ௧ ؆ ‫ ׾‬ᓵ Ε ࿝ ಖ Ε ᙟ ࿝ ᠧ ಖ Ε ‫ ࢡ ݳ‬՛ ᎅ. i.

(5) Abstract The original form of Dongpozhilin was thirteen historical essays that represent the free thought of Su Shi, expanding the orthodoxy interpretations of Confucianism, using history to discuss changes in the past and present forming consistent discourse of a school of thought. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the content transformed into miscellaneous records, further deeply influencing late Ming short essays. In Su Shi’s strange novels there were also signs of cultural elements from Daoism. The literary theories of Su Shi are put into practice in the five volumes of Dongpozhilin, which is the focus of this study. This literary study explores the uniqueness of the literary talent of Su Shi by investigating the literary charm of “Those who agitate the world render their influence through writing.” This study is divided into three parts according to the writing style of Dongpozhilin: 1. Later overseas historical discourse, seen as a work that seeks to reform and save the world through the formation of discourse in a school. It began with the words from the School of Diplomacy, with a layered method to utilize historical materials, using historical trajectory to point out extraordinary historical views. He used warning statements to summarize essay topics and to enhance the essays. He hypothesized historical fact, gave new descriptions to historical figures, and used an excellent discourse ability to elicit reader interest in appreciation. 2. With the shortness of jottings, simple narration, and realistic writing style, he expressed a heart of ease and interest. The aesthetic senses exceed true scenery, expressing the author’s imagination as well as a pursuit of aesthetics. The writing topics are concerned with the people, which show his heart of a child coexisting with the commoners. His long period of writing followed the ShishuoXinyu method of writing about life and death separation. ii.

(6) by using happy scenes to accentuate sorrow, compressing different times and spaces into one. He used a reserved fable style, combining jottings with real life and fable connotation. He used humorous language to make fun of himself and others, eliciting banter, fun, continuing the tradition of response to unfairness, directly pointing to unreasonable phenomena in society. 3. Explore the potent Daoist characteristics in Su Shi’s strange novels. It also explored the world of immortals in Daoist health cultivation and romantic colors, imagination of hell, repayment by divine objects, and construction of a Daoist cultural view. Ultimately, this study discusses the effect of Dongpozhilin historical views and jottings on the argumentative essays in the Song and Ming Dynasties, as well as the short essays during the late Ming Dynasty.. Keywords: Su Shi, Dongpozhilin, overseas historical discourse, jottings, miscellaneous records, strange novels. !. iii.

(7) Ҟԛ!!!!!! รԫີ. ፃ ᓵ ............................................................................................. 1. ร ԫ ᆏ  ઔ ߒ ೯ ᖲ .............................................................................. 1 รԲᆏ. ઔ ߒ ෼ ण ऱ ‫ ࡉ ᥽ ڃ‬ᛀ ಘ ........................................................ 3. รԿᆏ. ઔ ߒ ‫ ؾ‬ऱ ፖ ֱ ऄ ................................................................... 5. ร؄ᆏ. ‫ ׾‬ᓵ ᄗ ࢚ ऱ ੺ ࡳ ................................................................... 7. รնᆏ. ࿝ ಖ ᄗ ࢚ ऱ ੺ ࡳ ................................................................... 9. ԫ Ε ᙟ ࿝ ᠧ ಖ ψ ᠧ Ε ࿍ Ε ၵ Ε ࣐ ω ऱ ௽ ‫ ۥ‬................................ 10 Բ Ε ᖦ ኔ ۞ ྥ Ε ᒧ ༏ ࿍ ՛ Ε ֮ ֏ ‫ ە‬ኘ ....................................... 13 Կ Ε ߏ ୮ ထ ૪ Ε ࠠ ࡴ ֱ ᇖ ‫ ׾‬ऱ ໌ ‫ ܂‬რ ቹ ................................... 15 รքᆏ รԲີ. ࿝ ಖ ՛ ᎅ ᄗ ࢚ ऱ ੺ ࡳ .......................................................... 17. π ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρ ‫ ګ‬஼ ऱ ठ ‫ ء‬ᖵ ࿓ ፖ փ ୲ ։ ᣊ ................................ 21. รԫᆏ. π ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρ ठ ‫ ء‬............................................................. 21. ԫ Ε ԫ ࠴ ‫ ء‬π ࣟ ࡕ ٣ ‫ ࣥ ݳ س‬ႃ ρ .............................................. 21 Բ Ε Կ ࠴ ‫ ء‬π ࣟ ࡕ ֫ ᖻ ρ .......................................................... 23 Կ Ε ն ࠴ ‫ ء‬π ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρ .......................................................... 26 ؄ Ε Լ Բ ࠴ ‫ ء‬π ࣟ ࡕ ٣ ‫ ࣥ ݳ س‬ρ .............................................. 29 รԲᆏ รԿີ. π ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρ փ ୲ ։ ᣊ ...................................................... 30. ௧ ؆ ‫ ׾‬ᓵ ऱ ࡛ ᢝ ೛ ᓵ ............................................................... 34. รԫᆏ. ௧ ؆ ‫ ׾‬ᓵ հ ։ ᓵ ................................................................. 35. ԫ Ετ ࣳ ‫ ॺ ׆‬ᆣ Գ υ ေ ࣫ ........................................................... 39 Բ Ετ ࡌ ࣟ ᔢ ؈ ૠ υ ေ ࣫ ........................................................... 45 Կ Ετ ఻ ࢿ ࠷ ᄑ υ ေ ࣫ ............................................................... 52 ؄ Ετ ఻ ᐒ ৞ ৬ υ ေ ࣫ ............................................................... 57 ն Ετ ᓵ ՗ વ ጟ ᥢ υ ေ ࣫ ........................................................... 60 ք Ετ ᓵ ᕙ Կ ௄ υ ေ ࣫ ............................................................... 62 Ԯ Ετ ‫ ್ ׹‬ᔢ Բ Օ ᆞ υ ေ ࣫ ........................................................ 65 Զ Ετ ᓵ ૃ ᏺ υ ေ ࣫ ................................................................... 70 ԰ Ετ ሏ Փ ؈ ៭ հ ጞ υ ေ ࣫ ........................................................ 75 Լ Ετ ᎓ ೏ ‫ ޕ‬ཎ υ ေ ࣫ ............................................................... 81. iv.

(8) Լ ԫ Ετ ᥊ ‫ ׌‬υ ေ ࣫ ................................................................... 87 Լ Բ Ετ ឆ ֆ լ ࢉ υ ေ ࣫ ........................................................... 90 Լ Կ Ετ Ԯ ᐚ Զ ‫ ݹ‬υ ေ ࣫ ........................................................... 94 รԲᆏ. ௧ ؆ ‫ ׾‬ᓵ ऱ փ ୲ ։ ᣊ .......................................................... 96. ԫ Ε ൶ ߒ ਙ ए ࠫ ৫ ..................................................................... 97 Բ Ε ൶ ߒ Գ ढ ............................................................................ 99 รԿᆏ. ௧ ؆ ‫ ׾‬ᓵ ऱ ৸ უ ௽ ᢝ ......................................................... 100. ԫ Ε ۞ ‫ ط‬৸ უ ऱ ‫ ء‬ᔆ Δ ឩ Օ ᕢ ୮ ሐ อ ऱ ᇞ ᤩ ........................... 100 Բ Ε ૪ ሐ ߢ ए Δ ௅ ᄭ ն ᆖ Δ ‫ ଀ ޏ‬එ ‫ ׈‬ऱ ՗ ஼ հ ‫ ܂‬.................... 104 Կ Ε ຏ ‫ ײ‬վ հ ᧢ Δ ඿ ‫ ګ‬ԫ ୮ հ ߢ ............................................. 105 ร؄ᆏ. ௧ ؆ ‫ ׾‬ᓵ ऱ ໌ ‫ ֫ ܂‬ऄ ......................................................... 109. ԫ Ε ៬ ᄅ ‫ ࡛ נ‬Δ ᜕ ᖩ ֫ ऄ ......................................................... 109 Բ Ε ៬ ூ ছ Գ ᨠ រ Δ ٣ ధ ٦ ‫ م‬Δ ᓵ រ ᡹ ࡐ ............................... 114 Կ Ε ᤞ ࿜ ࠋ ‫ ؁‬Δ ᏺ ‫ ີ ֮ ۥ‬......................................................... 118 ؄ Ε ๻ ᓵ ֫ ऄ Δ ‫ ྤ א‬੡ ‫ ڶ‬Δ ᓿ ‫ ײ‬ᄅ ᎎ ...................................... 119 ร؄ີ. ᙟ ࿝ ᠧ ಖ ऱ ၳ ᔞ რ ᔊ ................................................................ 121. รԫᆏ. ᐉ ભ հ რ ᔊ ....................................................................... 122. ԫ Ε ‫ م‬რ ፖ ࠷ ‫ ޗ‬....................................................................... 124 Բ Ε ᤛ ೯ ൣ ტ Ε ట ൣ ੌ ᥻ ......................................................... 125 Կ Ε ࿇ ཀ ೏ ৫ ऱ უ ቝ Ժ ............................................................ 127 รԲᆏ. ᐉ ભ հ ֫ ऄ ....................................................................... 131. ԫ Ε ඖ ࠃ ១ પ ࡉ ᐊ ན ᐊ რ ......................................................... 134 Բ Ε ᠏ ‫ ᠆ މ‬༄ Δ ኹ ᦤ լ ‫ ٵ‬ழ ़ ................................................. 138 Կ Ε ܶ ፝ ᤖ ៶ ऱ ༅ ߢ ᧯ ............................................................ 141 รԿᆏ. ᐉ ભ հ ᠲ ‫ ޗ‬....................................................................... 145. ԫ Ε ൊ ‫ ا‬ኔ ᙕ ऱ ༴ ᐊ ................................................................ 145 Բ Ε ᘫ ⽢ ߡ ৫ ֊ Ե ‫ س‬੒ ............................................................ 149 รնີ. ‫ ࢡ ݳ‬՛ ᎅ ऱ ሐ ඒ ֮ ֏ ᡖ უ ......................................................... 157. รԫᆏ. ‫ ਁ ة‬९ ‫ س‬ऱ ಳ ༈ ................................................................ 160. รԲᆏ. ۞ ྥ Գ ੺ ࡉ ฆ ഑ ʻ‫ ੺ ט‬Ε ଭ ੺ ʼٌ ᦤ .................................... 163. รԿᆏ. ‫ چ‬ጂ ‫ ੺ ׈‬ऱ ሕ უ ................................................................ 166. ร؄ᆏ. ೯ ढ 壀 Ժ ֏ ....................................................................... 168. v.

(9) รքີ. ࿨ ᓵ .......................................................................................... 171. รԫᆏ. π ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρ ‫ ׾‬ᓵ ኙ ‫ ז ࠟ ࣔ ݚ‬ᤜ ᓵ ֮ ऱ ᐙ ᥼ .................... 172. รԲᆏ. π ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρ ࿝ ಖ ऱ ᤉ ࢭ ፖ ၲ ࢷ ...................................... 176. ԫ Ε ᙟ ࿝ ᠧ ಖ ຝ ։ Δ ᤉ ࢭ π ‫ ׈‬ᎅ ᄅ ፿ ρ ‫ ݳ‬Գ ऱ ១ પ ‫ ֫ ෉ ޱ‬ऄ . 176 Բ Ε ᤉ ࢭ π ๗ ՗ ρ ֗ ሐ ඒ ဠ ֤ უ ቝ Ε ᇫ ฆ ‫ ᧢ ڍ‬ऱ ௡ ደ ൣ ᓳ ..... 177 รԿᆏ. π ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρ ᙟ ࿝ ᠧ ಖ ኙ ඡ ࣔ ՛ ঴ ֮ ऱ ᐙ ᥼ .................... 179. ೶ ‫ ە‬஼ ‫ ؾ‬.......................................................................................... 182 ϔ ॵ ᙕ ԫ ϕ Κπ ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρ ࠴ ԫ ѧ ࠴ ؄ փ ୲ ։ ᣊ ............................. 190. vi.

(10) ߄Ҟԛ! ! ϔ । ԫ ϕ π ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρ փ ୲ ։ ᣊ ……………………………………………..31 ϔ । Բ ϕ ‫ ٺ‬୮ ‫ گ‬ᙕ Լ Կ ᒧ ‫ ׾‬ᓵ ऱ ᒧ ‫ ֗ ؾ‬ႉ ‫……………………………… ݧ‬.37. vii. !.

(11) รԫີ  ፃᓵ. รԫᆏʳ  ઔߒ೯ᖲ. ᤕሊ‫ڂ‬௻ፕᇣூΔ၈᠅۟႓‫ڠ‬Δၲࡨπࣟࡕ‫ࣥݳ‬ρऱᐊ‫܂‬ΔՂ۞ց᠆ (1097)ࠩ ց ฤ Կ ‫( ڣ‬1100)ሖ ຈ փ ൔΔᖵ ழ Բ Լ 塒 ‫ڣ‬Δᤕ ሊ ᆖ ᖵ ࡉ ‫ ڼ‬஼ բ യ լ ‫ ױ‬։Δ‫ ڼ‬஼ ୶ ෼ ᤕ ሊ ၈ ᠅ ‫ ֱ چ‬ऱ ᆖ ᖵΖ π ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρੌ ႚ ࠩ ত ‫ݚ‬Εࣔ ཛΔठ ‫ڶء‬ԫ࠴‫گء‬ᙕᤕሊඡ‫ࢬڣ‬ᐊ‫׾‬ᓵΔԿ࠴‫گء‬ᙕ࿝ಖΔն࠴‫گء‬ᙕ࿝ಖΕ ‫׾‬ᓵࠟृΔԼԲ࠴‫گ‬ᙕ່‫ڍ‬ऱ࿝ಖΖࢬ‫א‬Ε‫׾‬ᓵࡉ࿝ಖਢ‫ء‬ᓵ֮ઔߒπࣟ ࡕ‫ࣥݳ‬ρऱૹ֨Δ‫֮ء‬඿‫א‬ᤕሊ֮ᢌᨠΔ൶ߒᤕሊऱ‫׾‬ᓵࡉ࿝ಖᐊ‫܂‬Ζ ‫ݚק‬ਢ‫ړ‬ᤜᓵऱழ‫ז‬Δᤕሊπࣟࡕ‫ࣥݳ‬ρ‫׾‬ᓵԼԿᒧΔਢᤕሊඡ‫׾ڣ‬ ᓵཋ֮ऱ‫ګ‬ᑵ‫ז‬।‫܂‬Ζ‫׾‬ᓵ࢓࢓Ոਢଗ‫ײ‬ᘰվऱਙᓵΔਢԫ୶ࣄ૤Ε‫ܓڶ‬ ‫سا‬ऱ‫ڶ‬੡հ‫܂‬Ζ ᤕ ሊ ඡ ‫ ڣ‬၈ ᠅ ௧ ত Δ ‫ ׾‬ᓵ ‫ ڶ‬ψ ᡛ ሒ ཾ ֱ հ ؆ ω 1 ऱ ֮ ଅ ᧢ ֏ Δπ ࣟ ࡕ ‫ݳ‬ ࣥ ρ࠴ ն ‫ ׾‬ᓵ ཋ ֮ Լ Կ ᒧ ‫ إ‬ਢ ‫ ڼ‬ழ ऱ ‫ ז‬। ‫ ܂‬঴Δ࠹ ࠩ ࣔ ཛ ା ‫ ݚ‬੔ ૄ ࡗ ् ࡳΔ ඡ‫܂ڣ‬঴լቝ‫ڣڰ‬ऱਙᓵΔ‫ח‬Գ‫ڶ‬෻լ໏᢯հᖌΔۖ᠏᝟‫ګ‬ᑵΔլ‫א‬ዊಫ ੡ ໛ ᐡ Ζπ ‫ ׾ ݚ‬Θ ᤕ ሊ ‫ ء‬ႚ ρ ጠ ‫ ڼ‬ழ ᤕ ሊ ‫ א‬ψ ထ ஼ ੡ ᑗ ω 2 Ζ ඡ ‫ ࡺ ڣ‬௧ ত ထ ‫ڶ‬πࣟࡕ৵ႃρ࿛஼Δ‫ڼ‬஼‫گ‬ᙕ‫׾‬ᓵཋ֮ԼԿᒧΔٍߩߠඡ‫ڣ‬ऱ‫׾‬ᓵհ‫܂‬ ࠹ ࠩ ᤕ ሊ ‫ ء‬Գ ऱ ૹ ီ Ζ 3ਊ π ‫ ڣ‬ᢜ ρ Լ Կ ᒧ ᒔ ੡ ՗ ៓ ᠅ ௧ ত ৵ ࢬ ‫ ܂‬Ζ 4π ᆖ 1. ೏ ௧ ֛ ‫ ׌‬ᒳΔ π ା ‫ ݚ‬Զ Օ ୮ ֮ ၧ ீ ࣹ ႃ ေ ρ(۫ ‫ؑ ڜ‬ΚԿ ఻ ‫ נ‬ठ षΔ1998 ‫ ڣ‬9 ִ )Δ଄ 4561Ζ ‫گ‬ᙕπା‫ݚ‬ԶՕ୮֮ၧΘࣟࡕ֮ၧ֧ρ༼ࠩૄࡗ֧‫ڹش‬ᗋኙᤕሊऱ઎ऄΚቫఐ֮ࠡլ ๅ᜕ᖩ௛฾Δ֗᠅௧ত‫א‬৵Δ੃‫ײ‬հᡛሒཾֱհ؆ृբྥΖ 2 ് ‫ ݳ‬٨ Ε ್ ᐚ ༄ Ε ࡌ ᇛ ㅥ ‫ ׌‬ᒳ Δπ ᤕ ሊ ٤ ႃ ீ ࣹ ρ ॵ ᙕ ऱ π ‫ ء ׾ ݚ‬ႚ ρ (ࣾ ‫ ק‬Κ ࣾ ‫ ק‬Գ ‫ נ ا‬ठ ष Δ 2010 ‫ ڣ‬6 ִ )Δ ଄ 8934Ζ 3 ਊ ࿝ ृ ኙπ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρԫ ஼ ऱ ࡎ ‫ ټ‬Δ ‫ ڶ‬඿ ‫ ګ‬੡ψ ࣥ ωઌ ԫ ౳ ऱ ‫ ׾‬ᓵ ሰ ထ Δ ਚ ᤕ ሊ ‫א‬ψ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ω ࡎ‫ټ‬հΖۖπ‫ࣥݳ‬ρ‫ټ‬ጠΔছཛឈྥ‫ڰ‬բ‫ڶ‬հΔவᇄ໛ထπ‫ࣥݳ‬NJԫ஼٥ϝक㆛Δ‫܀‬ ‫ ء‬஼ ‫ ټ‬௛ լ Օ Δ ࠩ ᤕ ሊ π ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρΔ թ ᐖ ऑ ੌ ႚ Δ ߩ ߠ ᕖ Ժ Ζ 4 ೏ ௧ ֛ ‫ ׌‬ᒳΔ π ା ‫ ݚ‬Զ Օ ୮ ֮ ၧ ீ ࣹ ႃ ေ ρ(۫ ‫ؑ ڜ‬ΚԿ ఻ ‫ נ‬ठ षΔ1998 ‫ ڣ‬9 ִ )Δ଄ 5067Ζ ‫ گ‬ᙕπ ା ‫ ݚ‬Զ Օ ୮ ֮ ၧΘࣟ ࡕ ֮ ၧ ֧ ρΔૄ ࡗ ‫ڇ‬τ ᓵ ࣳ ‫ ׆‬υ༼ ࠩπ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρԼ Կ ᒧ ऱ ໌ ‫܂‬ ‫ ז ڣ‬Δ ௅ ᖕ π ‫ ڣ‬ᢜ ρΔ ᎁ ੡ Κψ ՗ ៓ ‫ ط‬ত ௧ ৵ ‫ ܂‬ωΖ. 1.

(12) ၞ ࣟ ࡕ ֮ ႃ ࠃ ฃ ρጠ ‫ ڼ‬Լ Կ ᒧ ‫ ׾‬ᓵ ੡π ௧ ؆ ᓵ ρ 5Ζࢬ ‫ א‬ଗ ‫ ش‬ி ᖢ ऱ ᎅ ऄ Δ ‫ף‬Ղ‫׾‬ᓵ֮᧯Δਚጠհ௧؆‫׾‬ᓵΖ௧؆‫׾‬ᓵຝ։ΔᖵࠐઔߒຟࠓԵᤕሊऱ ‫׾‬ᓵ֮Δࠀ‫آ‬ಾኙ௧؆‫׾‬ᓵ‫܂‬ᗑ‫ګ۞ۖم‬ԫ᧯ऱ։࣫Εូ౏Ζ࿝ृ඿ൕ໢ ᒧ։ᓵΕ‫ٽ‬ᓵֱ‫ڤ‬झ௉ᤕሊ၈᠅⭟ۘΕ௧؆‫׾‬ᓵऱ௽௘૿ᎎΔՈਢ࿝ृ່ ტᘋᔊऱຝ։Ζʳ πࣟࡕ‫ࣥݳ‬ρն࠴‫࠴ء‬ԫࠩ࠴؄੡࿝ಖ‫ڤݮ‬Δຍጟ‫ش‬ཋ֮ᐷᐊ‫ګ‬ሿਣ ጅᅷऱᙟ࿝ᠧಖΔ‫ڰڤݮ‬բ‫ڶ‬հΔ‫܀‬ਢऴࠩ‫זݚ‬թ‫ګ‬੡ԫጟᗑ‫᧯֮م‬Ζ‫ݚ‬ ‫ז‬࿝ಖᏺ‫ृ܂ף‬ᜢଃΔല࿝ಖ᠏᧢‫ګ‬।૪ଡԳᏆ഑ऱ֮᧯Δ‫ګݮ‬ᗑ௽ᐊ‫܂‬ ‫ڤݮ‬Ζࢬ‫א‬ᎅπࣟࡕ‫ࣥݳ‬ρᙟ࿝ᠧಖឈਢׂߢೋ፿Δথ‫ီױ‬੡ᤕሊխ‫אڣ‬ ৵່టኔऱႚಖΔ֘ᚨ‫ݚ‬Գ‫س‬੒૿ᎎΔଫࠠ‫׾‬றᏝଖΔਢ֮ᖂΕ‫׾‬ᖂ‫ૹڍ‬ Ꮭଖऱᙟ࿝ࠋ‫܂‬Ζࡌ‫܂‬Գ‫ڇ‬τᓫ࿝ಖυԫ֮༼ࠩ‫ړ‬ऱ࿝ಖࠠໂऱයٙΚ ाӧЎຒёᢀϐѦӆуࡘགྷቨεǴ‫ـ‬᛽ܴၲǵ፪‫ښ‬స໡ǴᔉளΓ௃ ‫ނ‬౛Ǵჹ‫ܭ‬ΓғᆶԾฅૈ႐ಒ೿ፋǴᙝങϐ༾λǴᖳ߫ϐᅥ৕Ǵᆶ ғ ԝ ε ٣ ӕ ኬ ‫ࡑ ࣮ ޑ‬Ǵࠅ Ξ ྽ բ ৎ த ၉ ‫ ޑ‬ᇥ ๏ ε ৎ ᠋Ǵப Я ‫ ځ‬ё ‫ خ‬Ƕ 7. !. ࿝ಖऱᠧཋ‫ڤݮ‬Εႁঋߠፊ٥‫ژ‬Εො።փ୲ઝᖂ֮֏Δྤࢬլ‫ץ‬Δ۩֮լ ‫ڍ‬ଥ堸Δ֮‫ڗ‬෡Ե෍‫נ‬Δ‫إ‬ਢ‫ױ‬၆հ๠Ζᤕሊ๠‫ڇ‬࿝ಖ֮᧯़ছ᜗ฐऱ‫ק‬ ‫ݚ‬ழ‫ז‬Δᙇᖗ‫א‬ψ࿝ಖωᙟრΕ۞‫܂ڤֱط‬੡஼ᐊ᧯ဪΔಖᙕ‫س‬੒૿ᎎࡉ ၳᔞრᔊΔ࿝ृ඿൶ߒᤕሊ‫ڇ‬ᙟ࿝ᠧಖၲ࿇ऱრᔊΕ֫ऄΕᠲ‫ޗ‬Ζ πࣟࡕ‫ࣥݳ‬ρਢᤕሊ࿝ಖΕඡ‫ڣ‬௧؆‫׾‬ᓵऱૹ૞‫܂‬঴ႃΔࢬ‫ءא‬ઔߒ ‫א‬πࣟࡕ‫ࣥݳ‬ρն࠴‫ء‬੡‫׌‬Δլᙇᖗ‫׾ڶ׽‬ᓵཋ֮ऱԫ࠴‫ء‬Εࢨਢ‫ڶ׽‬ᙟ ࿝ ᠧ ಖ ऱ Լ Բ ࠴ ‫ء‬Ζ π ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρն ࠴ ‫ٻ ૿ ڍ ء‬Δਝ ‫ ׾ ڶ‬ᓵΔٍ ‫ گ‬ᙟ ࿝ ᠧ ಖΔ ່ ౨ ‫ ז‬। ᤕ ሊ ‫ ܂‬঴ ऱ ᠆ ༄ ૿ ᎎΔࠀ ‫ ່ ׊‬౨ ֘ ᚨ ‫ ࣔ ݚ‬ᖂ ृ ኙ ᤕ ሊ ‫ ܂‬঴ ऱ ಘ ᓵΖ ࢬ ‫א‬Δૹ ီπ ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρऱ ෻ ‫ ڶ ط‬ԿΔร ԫΕ π ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρऱ ‫ ګ‬஼ ᖵ ࿓ Δ ‫ݚߠױ‬ԳֆᏆ഑ऱ‫׾‬ᓵཋ֮ΖรԲΕ‫זݚ‬ਢ࿝ಖ࿇୶ऱ೏୽Δൕ࿝ಖऱߡ ৫։࣫πࣟࡕ‫ࣥݳ‬ρऱ‫܂‬঴փ୲Δᙟ࿝ᠧಖ֘ਠᤕሊ஼ᐊ࿍ᒧඖࠃ‫އ‬ൣऱ 5. (‫) ݚ‬ᤕ ሊ ᐷ Δ ૴ ᖢ ࣹ Δ ཆ ୮ ᙻ ‫ ׌‬ᒳπ ᆖ ၞ ࣟ ࡕ ֮ ႃ ࠃ ฃ ρ(‫ ק ؀‬Κ ‫ ੺ ׈‬஼ ‫ ݝ‬Δ 1960 ‫ ڣ‬11 ִ )Δ ଄ 163Ζ 6 ࡌ ‫ ܂‬Գ ထ Δπ ऺ ᛠ ᓫ ρ ʻፕ ‫ ק‬Κ ߺ ո ஼ ‫ ݝ‬Δ 1982 ‫ ڣ‬10 ִ *Δ ଄ 183Ζ !. 2.

(13) ஼ ᐊ ᑓ ‫ڤ‬Ζร ԿΕ࿝ ಖ ࿇ ୶ መ ࿓Δ࿝ ಖ ՛ ᎅ ٍ ਢ ᜰ ߩ ᎘ ૹΕլ ‫౒ ࢨ ױ‬Δ πࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρ‫ ߠ ױ‬ᤕ ሊ ‫ ࢡ ݳ‬஼ ᐊΖጵ ‫ ٽ‬Կ ଡ ૿ ‫ٻ‬Δီ ੡ ԫ ᧯Δ π ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρԫ ஼ Δ ‫ܶץ‬Κ࿝ಖᖞ᧯ψၵΕ࿍ΕᠧΕ࣐ωଅ௑Ε‫ݚ‬Գ‫ړ‬࿇ᤜᓵऱ९ᒧ‫׾‬ᓵΕ‫ݳ‬ ࢡ՛ᎅ஼ᐊԿृΔթ౨ࡌ٤‫ז‬।ᤕሊ‫܂‬঴ऱ᠆༄૿ᎎΔຍਢࡉ‫א‬ሏಖΕ༅ ߢΕ‫׾‬ᓵ໢ԫऱ֮ᣊᓫᤕሊऱլ‫ٵ‬հ๠Ζ. รԲᆏ  ઔߒ෼णऱ‫ࡉ᥽ڃ‬ᛀಘ. ‫ؾ‬ছπࣟࡕ‫ࣥݳ‬ρऱઔߒΔᖂ‫ۯ‬ᓵ֮٥ૠԿᒧΔ‫؀ڶ‬᨜ᎮႚՕᖂᚨ‫ش‬ խ ഏ ֮ ᖂ ߓ ‫ ྰ ִ ޕ‬ऱ π ᤕ ሊ π ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρ ઔ ߒ ρ ጚ Փ ᖂ ‫ ۯ‬ᓵ ֮ ʻ2005 ‫ ڣ‬5 ִ ʼΔૹ ‫ ڇ‬ൎ ᓳπ ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρ੡ ᙕ ኔ ಖ ట ऱ ௽ ‫ۥ‬Δᎁ ੡π ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρਢ ࠠ ‫ڶ‬ Ꮭଖऱ֮᣸‫׾‬றΖՕຬ༚‫؟‬Օᖂխഏ፿ߢ֮ᖂߓ‫ڜ‬ᴐ៌࿇।π‫ݚ‬Գ࿝ಖઔ ߒ ѧ ѧ ‫ א‬ᙟ ࿝ ᠧ ಖ ੡ խ ֨ ρ ໑ Փ ᖂ ‫ ۯ‬ᓵ ֮ (2005 ‫ ڣ‬4 ִ )Δ ೡ ૹ ‫ ݚ ڇ‬Գ ࿝ ಖ ऱ ᜔ ᧯ ։ ࣫ ‫ ֗ א‬ᙇ ᖗ π ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρΕπ ᝩ པ ᙕ ᇩ ρΕπ ં ߬ ᠧ ᢝ ρ Կ ‫ ء‬࿝ ಖ ၞ ۩‫ە‬ኘΖփ፞‫ײ‬Օᖂ֮ᖂፖᄅፊႚᐾᖂೃᏥկ࿇।πࣟࡕ‫ࣥݳ‬ઔߒρጚՓ ᖂ ‫ ۯ‬ᓵ ֮ (2008 ‫ ڣ‬6 ִ )Δ ঞ ೡ ૹ ‫ ڇ‬ᤕ ሊ ऱ ࿝ ಖ ‫ ܂‬঴ ୶ ෼ ᤕ ሊ ‫ ܂‬୮ ऱ ৸ უ ൣ ტᐋ૿Ζ ࠡ‫ה‬റထࢨृ‫א‬։ᣊֱ‫ڤ‬Δ໢ߒᤕሊऱ‫׾‬ᓵ֮‫܂‬ઔߒΔ‫ڶ‬೏ႂஃᒤՕ ᖂ ഏ ֮ ᖂ ߓ ᝔ ඕ ੳ ࿇ । π ᤕ ሊ ‫ ׾‬ᓵ ཋ ֮ ઔ ߒ ρ ጚ Փ ᓵ ֮ (1999 ‫ ڣ‬7 ִ )Δ բ ‫ ڇ‬2000 ‫ ڣ‬5 ִ ‫ נ‬ठ ‫ ګ‬റ ஼Δ։ ࣫ ᤕ ሊ ‫ ׾‬ᓵ ෘ ᄭΕ‫ ܂‬ऄ ֗ ௽ ‫ۥ‬Δᤛ ֗π ࣟ ࡕ ‫ࣥݳ‬ρຝ։‫׾‬ᓵ֮Δ‫آ‬౨᜔ਔᤕሊඡ‫܂ڣ‬঴π‫ࣥݳ‬ρԫ࠴‫ء‬ऱ௽‫ۥ‬Ζতࠇ Օ ᖂ խ ֮ ߓ ୪ ‫ م‬໯ ࿇ ।π ‫ ׾ ז ݚ‬ᓵ ઔ ߒ ρ໑ Փ ᓵ ֮ (2001 ‫ ڣ‬6 ִ )Δ࣍ 2009 ‫ ڣ‬4 ִଥ‫ޏ‬Εឩ‫ך‬৵‫נ‬ठ੡റ஼Δᨠኘ‫׾ݚק‬ᓵ֮ᖂ֏ऱ᝟‫ٻ‬Δত‫׾ݚ‬ᓵ ෻ᖂ֏ऱ࿇୶Δਢൕཛ‫ז‬Օ૿‫ٻ‬ၞ۩‫׾‬ᓵ։࣫Ζ ࢨृ໢ߒ༅ߢ֮᧯ઔߒΔ‫؀ڶ‬᨜Օᖂխഏ֮ᖂߓ‫ܦ‬৬‫ګ‬࿇।πᤕሊ༅ ߢ ઔ ߒ ρ ጚ Փ ᓵ ֮ (2008 ‫ ڣ‬7 ִ )Δ ൕ π ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρ ࠷ ‫ נ‬ຝ ։ ༅ ߢ ֫ ऄ ऱ ࿝ ಖ ‫ ܂‬঴Ζ‫ ׼‬໢ ߒ ሏ ಖ ‫ ܂‬঴ ‫ ܂‬ઔ ߒΔ‫ ڶ‬堚 ဎ Օ ᖂ խ ഏ ֮ ᖂ ߓ ᄘ ֱ ໻ ࢬ ࿇ ।π ᤕ ሊ ֮ ᖂ ‫ ܂‬঴ ऱψ ሏ ωρጚ Փ ᓵ ֮ (2007 ‫ ڣ‬7 ִ )Δல ᤛπ ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρऱ ՛ ঴ ሏ ಖ‫܂‬঴Ζ. 3.

(14) ࿝ृঞᎁ੡ᙟ࿝ᠧಖ੡࿝ಖऱ௽‫ۥ‬Δ۞‫ګ‬࿍՛ᒧ༏ۖᐖ౏‫ٺ‬ጟᐊ‫܂‬ᑓ ‫ڤ‬Ε۞‫ط‬ᙟრऱ஼ᐊֱ‫ڤ‬Δլࡵ໢ߒਬጟᐊ‫܂‬࿜ฃΔ࢙ီ࿝ಖ‫܂‬੡஼ᐊऱ ௽‫ۥ‬Ζԫ࠴‫ء‬π‫ࣥݳ‬ρ‫׾‬ᓵ੡ඡ‫ڣ‬৫௧⭟ۘհ‫܂‬Δຘመᙟ࿝ᠧಖհᙕటಖ ኔΔ‫ױإ‬ԫᗭ‫׾‬ᓵ֮ऱ໌‫܂‬೯ᖲ֗რቹΖ ᤕ ሊ ऱ ֮ ᢌ ෻ ᓵ ൶ ಘΔঞ ‫ ڶ‬མ འ ๗ ٣ ‫ڇ س‬π Կ ᤕ ֮ ᢌ ৸ უ ρ 7 (1995 ‫) ڣ‬ ᢅ٨ԿᤕऱᢌᓵΔ։ܑ‫گ‬ᙕ֮ᓵΕᇣᓵΕ྽ᓵΕ஼ᓵΕᑗᓵ‫ڶ‬ᣂ֮ᢌ෻ᓵ ऱ ໢ ᒧ ֮ ີ ࡉ ᇣ ᇩ Ζ ֵ ស ‫ ڇ‬π ᤕ ࣟ ࡕ ઔ ߒ ρ 9 (1998 ‫) ڣ‬௽ ܑ ઎ ૹ ψ ມ ࢤ ωΔ ီ੡ᤕሊ‫س‬੒ኪ৫ࡉԳ‫س‬ᨠΖ്༡‫്ࡉا‬ၞࡉထπՓ௛֮֨ѧᤕሊ֮֏Գ ௑ ፖ ֮ ᢌ ৸ უ ρ9 (2003 ‫ࠩ ༼) ڣ‬ψ ೏ ଅ ࿪ ቺ ऱ ᐉ ભ ෻ უ ωΕψ ֮ ᢌ ໌ ທ ऱ ۞ ‫ط‬ 21 ቼ੺ω Ζ‫ ׆‬ඔ ᣛπ ᤕ ሊ ֮ ᢌ ભ ᓵ ρ (2007 ‫ ڣ‬12 ִ )ሎ ‫ ش‬ભ ᖂ ৸ უ ઔ ߒ ᤕ ሊ ऱ. ֮ ᢌ ໌ ‫ ܂‬෻ ᓵ Ζ ೶ ‫ ޕ ە‬৬ 壂 π ྉ ၢ ੔ ֮ ᓵ ઔ ߒ ρ 11 (2005 ‫ ڣ‬6 ִ )ኙ ᤕ ሊ ֮ ᖂଅ௑ូ౏‫נ‬ᇦᇫհᔊऱ௽‫ۥ‬Ζ ‫֮ڇ‬᣸‫܂‬঴ᖞ෻ֱ૿Δࣾ‫ק‬Գ‫נا‬ठष‫נ‬ठ‫ݳ്ط‬٨Ε್ᐚ༄Εࡌᇛ 23 ㅥ ‫ ׌‬ᒳ ऱπ ᤕ ሊ ٤ ႃ ீ ࣹ ρ (2010 ‫ ڣ‬6 ִ )Δኙ ᤕ ሊ ‫ ܂‬঴ ၞ ۩ ீ ೮Εࣹ ᤩ Ε. ᒳ‫ڣ‬ΕႃေΕᙃೕ࿛ᖞ෻ՠ‫܂‬Δֺհխဎ஼‫נݝ‬ठ֞Յ៖٣‫س‬រீհπᤕ ሊ ֮ ႃ ρ 13 (1986 ‫ ڣ‬3 ִ)Δ ‫ ޓ‬੡ Ꮨ ٤ Ζ ‫ ߠ ױ‬ᖂ ๬ ੺ ਍ ᥛ ኙ ᤕ ሊ ‫ ܂‬঴ ‫ ދ‬Ե ᖞ ෻֨ԺΔᣂࣹᔆፖၦᖞ᧯૿ઌΖ ছ۩ઔߒृᙇᖗઔߒᤕሊ໌‫܂‬ኔᔌࢨਢઔߒᤕሊ֮ᢌᨠᓵΔࡸ‫آ‬࿨‫ٽ‬ ԲृΖۖ࿝ृቫᇢ‫א‬πࣟࡕ‫ࣥݳ‬ρ໌‫ࡉٻ૿ڍ܂‬ᤕሊ֮ᢌᨠ࿨‫ٽ‬Δ‫܂‬੡‫ء‬ ᓵ ֮ ၲ ࿇ ऱ ᄅ ֱ ‫ٻ‬Ζᤕ ሊ ‫ ് ׌‬ऱ ֮ ᓵ ѧ ѧψ რ ωᓵ อ ᥊Ε ψ ‫ ڶ‬ᤛ ࣍ խ ωట ൣ ᨠΕ ψ ᢯ ሒ ωհ ‫ ݮ‬ွ ᄗ ਔ ౨ ԺΔኔ ᔌ ࣍ ‫ ׾‬ᓵ հ ࡛ ᢝ ೛ ᓵΔᙟ ࿝ ᠧ ಖ ऱ ඖ ࠃ ១ પΕᐊནᐊრΕ૪ᡖ‫އ‬ტΕၳᔞრᔊΔ‫ࢡݳ‬՛ᎅዌᗰሐඒ௡ደൣᡖΕ᠆༄ უቝΖ 7. མ འ ๗ ထ Δπ Կ ᤕ ֮ ᢌ ৸ უ ρ (‫ ק ؀‬Κ ᖂ ௧ ‫ נ‬ठ ष Δ 1995 ‫ ڣ‬8 ִ )Δ ଄ 1Ζ ֵ ស ထ Δπ ᤕ ࣟ ࡕ ઔ ߒ ρ (ᐖ ۫ Κ ᐖ ۫ ஃ ᒤ Օ ᖂ ‫ נ‬ठ ष Δ 1998 ‫ ڣ‬8 ִ )Δ ଄ 39Ζ 9 ് ༡ ‫ا‬Ε് ၞ ࡉ ထΔπ Փ ௛ ֮ ֨ ѧ ᤕ ሊ ֮ ֏ Գ ௑ ፖ ֮ ᢌ ৸ უ ρ(‫ࠇ ק‬ΚԳ ‫ ֮ ا‬ᖂ ‫ נ‬ठ ष Δ 2003 ‫ ڣ‬5 ִ )Δ ଄ 303Ζ 10 ‫ ׆‬ඔ ᣛ ထ Δπ ᤕ ሊ ֮ ᢌ ભ ᓵ ρ (ᐖ ‫ ؑ ڠ‬Κ խ ՞ Օ ᖂ ‫ נ‬ठ ष Δ 2007 ‫ ڣ‬12 ִ )Δ ଄ 155Ζ 11 ‫ ޕ‬৬ 壂 ‫ ۔‬ஃ Δπ ྉ ၢ ੔ ֮ ᓵ ઔ ߒ ρ(‫ ק ؀‬Κ ஃ ᒤ Օ ᖂ ഏ ֮ ઔ ߒ ࢬ ໑ Փ ᖂ ‫ ۯ‬ᓵ ֮ Δ 2005 ‫ڣ‬ 6 ִΖ 12 ് ‫ ݳ‬٨ Ε ್ ᐚ ༄ Ε ࡌ ᇛ ㅥ ‫ ׌‬ᒳ Δπ ᤕ ሊ ٤ ႃ ீ ࣹ ρ (ࣾ ‫ ק‬Κ ࣾ ‫ ק‬Գ ‫ נ ا‬ठ ष Δ 2010 ‫ ڣ‬6 ִ )Δ ଄ 1Ζ 13 (‫) ݚ‬ᤕ ሊ ᐷ Δ ֞ Յ ៖ រ ீ Δπ ᤕ ሊ ֮ ႃ ρ (‫ ࠇ ק‬Κ խ ဎ ஼ ‫ ݝ‬Δ 1986 ‫ ڣ‬3 ִ )Δ ଄ 1Ζ 8. 4.

(15) รԿᆏ   ઔߒ‫ؾ‬ऱፖֱऄ . π֮֨ᙡᚊΘ଺ሐρ༼ࠩΚ Ј ғ Զ ‫ ق‬ҥ Ǵ ‫ ق‬ҥ Զ Ў ܴ Ǵ Ծ ฅ ϐ ၰ Ƕ 25 ! Ꮵ Ꮸ ‫ ڇ‬஼ խ ၲ ࡲ ࣔ ᆠ ༼ ࠩ Δ ‫ ط‬Գ । ෼ ऱ ψ ֮ ७ ωΔ ֚ ऱ ψ ি ᣝ ֚ հ ွ ω 15 Ε 27. ‫چ‬ऱψᔮ෻‫چ‬հ‫ݮ‬ω Δࠀ٨‫חګ‬Գტ೯ऱભΖ ࠡխᏥᏨπ֮֨ᙡᚊΘ଺ሐρ٦ၞԫ‫ޡ‬ᎅΚ ᓪስаᝯᛤԋྷǴ߁ଃаࣂጩᏉ࠮ǹ໦ᗪᓁՅǴԖၻฝπϐ֮ǹ૛ Еຣ๮ǴคࡑᒸӐϐ‫ڻ‬ǹϻଁѦႬǴᇂԾฅԸǶԿ‫่᠉݅ܭ‬ៜǴፓ 28. ‫ܭ‬ःྶǹࢨҡᐟᜩǴ‫ک‬ऩౚ⿍Ƕ ! ᏥᏨല۞ྥհભ࿯Գऱტ೯Δࠡ।෼֫ऄᦖਔᢄ྽ΕଃᑗΔᝫ‫ڶ‬ຘመψ֨ հ ᕴ ω ۖ ‫ س‬ऱ ψ ֮ ωΖ ൕ ᆖ ᖂ ۖ ֮ ᖂ Δ Ꮵ Ꮸ ࠷ ֮ ᖂ ‫ ޓ‬Օ ऱ ௽ ᐛ Δπ ֮ ֨ ᙡ ᚊ Θ ଺ ሐ ρΚ Ⴔ Ϻ Π ϐ ୏ ‫ ޣ‬Ӹ Я ᜏ Ƕ 29! ֮ᖂऱᒤᡱΔൕψ‫ؚ‬೯Գ֨ωऱ௽ᐛΔ‫ګ‬੡ᗑ‫م‬ԫ॰ᖂઝΔࠀ‫֮ࠡא‬७੡ ࠡᕖԺΔ‫ߠױ‬؆᧩ऱ֮७‫ࠡڶ‬෡ߒհ๠Ζ ‫א‬π ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρ੡ ։ ࣫ ኙ ွΔπ ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρਢ ‫ ֮ ז ݚ‬Գ ֆ 塒 հ ؆ ᐊ ‫ ګ‬ऱ ࿝ಖ᧯Δਢᨠኘ‫سݚק‬੒૿ᎎऱૹ૞‫׾‬றΖࠀ‫׊‬๠࣍ᄅ៱᤻հञऱਙएଅ ᑊΔᤕ ሊ ‫ ߪ ۞ ࠡ א‬ऱ ᔡ ሖΔ஼ ᐊ ऱπ ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρΔࠡψ ቔ ೯ Գ ֨ ωऱ ֮ ᖂ ᕖ 14. (ඩ )Ꮵ Ꮸ ထ Δ ‫ ᤟ ࣹ س ޓ ׆‬Δπ ֮ ֨ ᙡ ᚊ ᦰ ‫ ء‬ρ Ղ (‫ ק ؀‬Κ ֮ ‫ נ ୃ ׾‬ठ ष Δ 1985 ‫ ڣ‬3 ִ )Δ ଄ 2Ζ 15 ‫ٵ‬ছုΖ 16 ‫ٵ‬ছုΖ 17 ‫ ٵ‬ছ ု Δ ଄ 2-3Ζ 18 ‫ ٵ‬ছ ု Δ ଄ 4Ζ. 5.

(16) ԺΔ‫ޓ‬ਢԫՕᕖԺΖ πࣟࡕ‫ࣥݳ‬ρ९ᒧ‫׾‬ᓵΕ࿍ᒧᙟ࿝ᠧಖࡉ‫ࢡݳ‬՛ᎅऱ‫ܧ‬෼ֱ‫ڤ‬Δຘመ ‫ء‬ᒧᓵ֮ଳ࣫Δ‫ࠩߠױ‬ᤕሊ១᜗ኙ‫م‬ऱ஼ᐊֱ‫ڤ‬ऱ৸ፂΔ‫֗א‬હ৵ࢬ‫ܧ‬෼ ऱ৸უፖრᆠΖ‫ڇ‬ᤕሊ‫ڽ‬৵ΔՈ‫ڂ‬੡ত‫ࣔࡉݚ‬ཛᒳᤊृૹီ‫׾‬ᓵࡉᙟ࿝ᠧ ಖ ऱ լ ‫ ٵ‬Δπ ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρ ੌ ႚ ९ ᒧ ‫ ׾‬ᓵ ፖ ࿍ ᒧ ᙟ ࿝ ᠧ ಖ ऱ ठ ‫ ء‬Ζ ร ԫΕԲ ີ ร ԫ ຝ ։ ٣ ൕ ‫ ׾‬ᓵ ऱ ࡳ ᆠΔ٦ ೴ ։ ፖ ‫ ׾‬ᖂ ୮ ᢥ ေ լ ‫ ٵ‬հ ๠ Ζ ։࣫‫׾‬ᓵཋ֮ऱ௽‫ۥ‬Δ‫֗א‬ᤕሊ‫׾‬ᓵཋ֮‫֮ٻߨ؏ݾ‬ᖂ֏Δ৬‫م‬՗஼৸უ ऱ‫ؾ‬ऱΔߒ‫ײ‬վհ᧢Δၞۖ‫ګ‬ԫ୮հߢΖรԲຝ։٣ൕᙟ࿝ᠧಖཋ֮ൕ࿝ ಖ ՛ ᎅΕᇖ ‫ ׾‬ऱ ᒤ ໮Δᗑ ‫נ ۖ م‬Δ‫ ז‬। ‫ ݚ‬Փ Օ ֛ ‫ ڶ‬რ ᢝ ऱ ‫ ܧ‬෼ ߏ Ꮖ ഑ ૿ ᎎ Ζ ร Կ ຝ ։Δ࿝ ಖ ՛ ᎅ ऱ ੺ ࡳΖ‫ א‬Ꮵ ᆺ ટ ։ ࣫ ᠿ வ ା ‫ ݚ‬࿝ ಖ փ ୲ ᖵ ‫ ׾‬ጅ ፊ ᣊΕ ‫ ە‬ᖕ ᙃ ᢞ ᣊΕ‫ ࢡ ݳ‬՛ ᎅ Կ Օ ᣊ ऱ ഗ ៕Δຫ ֮ ᄅ ٣ ‫ އ س‬ൣ ՛ ঴ ᣊΔ٦ ‫ ף‬Ղπ ؄ ஄٤஼᜔‫༼ؾ‬૞ρൕ՗ຝᠧ୮ᣊࢬ։‫נ‬ऱᠧᎅᣊΖࡸ‫ڶ‬π‫ࣥݳ‬ρ଺‫૿ء‬ᎎ ऱ௧؆९ᒧ‫׾‬ᓵΔូ౏‫ٺ‬୮հ९Δ᎖‫א‬ႚอቹ஼։ᣊΔലπࣟࡕ‫ࣥݳ‬ρփ ୲ ։ ੡ ք Օ ᣊ (। ԫ )Ζ ೈ ‫ ׾‬ᓵ ؆ Δ ࿝ ಖ ֮ ᧯ ऱ ௽ ‫ ۥ‬Δ ‫ ࣍ ڇ‬஼ ᐊ ऱ փ ୲ ऱ Ꮝ ᠧΔ֘ᚨ‫ڇ‬πࣟࡕ‫ࣥݳ‬ρᙟ࿝ᠧಖՂΖ٦ᓵ‫ࠩݚק‬ত‫ګݚ‬஼ऱመ࿓Δੌႚ ۟ ࣔ ৵ ข ‫ س‬ठ ‫ ء‬լ ‫ ٵ‬ऱ ᧢ ֏Δ઎ ৱπ ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρᐙ ᥼ Ժ ऱ ௣ ९Δ‫ ڶ‬ԫ ࠴ ‫ ء‬Ε Կ࠴‫ء‬Εն࠴‫ء‬ΕԼԲ࠴‫ء‬࿛ठ‫ء‬ऱข‫س‬Ζ รԿີ‫א‬ᤕሊπ‫ࣥݳ‬ρԫ࠴‫׾ء‬ᓵཋ֮੡‫᧯׌‬Δ٣։ᓵԼԿᒧ‫׾‬ᓵཋ ֮ Δ ٦ ༼ ‫ ٽ נ‬ᓵ Δ ։ ੡ ࠟ Օ ᐋ ‫ ڻ‬Ζ ‫ א‬Ꮵ Ꮸ π ֮ ֨ ᙡ ᚊ ρτ 壆 ՗ υτ ᓵ ᎅ υ ੡ ‫׾‬ᓵհጼਮΔጵ‫ٽ‬ত‫ݚ‬ΕࣔΕ堚Δ‫֮ײ‬ᖂ੔ኙԼԿᒧ‫׾‬ᓵऱေរΔ‫אף‬෼ ‫ז‬᢯ີ෻ᓵ։࣫Δ‫౏ូא‬ΕዝᢂհऄΔवԳᓵࠃΕ‫א‬რಭ‫ݳ‬ΕංᄭᄩੌΔ ូ࿨‫נ‬ᤕሊඡ‫ڣ‬௧؆‫׾‬ᓵཋ֮ᗑ௽ᕖԺΖ ร؄ີ‫א‬࿝ಖհᙟ࿝ᠧಖ੡‫᧯׌‬Δ‫א‬ൈᐚऱψ‫ܒ‬ឰԺ‫ܒޅ‬ω։࣫ᤕሊ ၳᔞრᔊհ֨Κࠡխ‫א‬ᤉࢭ‫׈‬ᎅᄅ፿ऱψ‫خ‬䃟ω௽‫ۥ‬ᓫᤕሊ១પᐊრऱᐉ ભଅ௑Ι‫ܶא‬፝ऱ༅ߢ᧯ᘜ‫ٽ‬ᙟ࿝ᠧಖ‫ګ‬ᘰࠨ՛঴Ι‫א‬ኹᦤழ़Δข‫אس‬ ᑗན᦮༟ൣᓫᤕሊటൣੌ᥻ऱಖᖋ‫ڃ‬უΙ‫࣐ؓא‬ൊ‫ا‬ኔᙕΕᘫ⽢ߡ৫੐ߠ ཕ ᐝ ᓫ ᤕ ሊ հ ᠲ ‫ ޗ‬ၲ ࿇Ζ᎖ ‫ א‬ᤕ ሊ ‫ ് ׌‬ऱ ֮ ᓵ ѧ ѧψ რ ωᓵ อ ᥊Ε ψ‫ڶ‬ᤛ࣍ խ ωట ൣ ᨠΕ ψ ᢯ ሒ ωհ ‫ ݮ‬ွ ᄗ ਔ ౨ ԺΔኔ ᔌ ࣍ ᤕ ሊ ᙟ ࿝ ᠧ ಖΔۖ ‫ ܂‬঴ ‫ڶ‬ψ ၵΕ ࿍ΕᠧΕ࣐ωऱ௽‫ۥ‬Ζ. 6.

(17) รնີᤕሊ‫ࢡݳ‬՛ᎅထૹփ୲լ‫טڇ‬೒ൣფ༴ᐊΔۖ‫א‬ሐඒփ؆կଥ ᅂΕሐ ඒ 壀 ‫ ט‬ᢜ ߓψ ՝ ᇞ ω Ε π ࣄ ‫ ڸ‬՗Θᓵ ‫ ט‬ρ࿛ ሐ ඒ ॾ ٛ ֊ Ե ࠡ 壀 ࢡ ஼ ᐊ Ζ ࢬ‫א‬઎ૹᅂկ९‫س‬Εฆ഑ሕუΕ۵୮‫چ‬ጂ૿ᎎΕ೯ढ壀Ժ࿛௡ደუቝ‫ۥ‬൑ ऱ ᛜ ທΔ‫ڇ‬π ֮ ֨ ᙡ ᚊΘ‫ إ‬ᒮ ρ‫ ܛ‬រ ‫ נ‬壀 ࢡ հ ᎅΚψ ࠃ ᠆ ࡛ ೛Δ᢯ ༄ ፏ ဃ Δ ྤ 墿 ᆖ ࠢΔۖ ‫ ີ ֮ ܗ ڶ‬ω19Δᇫ ᓭ ༄ 壀 ᇩ ‫ ڤ‬ऱ ց ై ༄ ‫ ڶ‬௡ ደ უ ቝ ‫ ۥ‬൑ հ ߠ Δ ‫܂‬੡ᤕሊ‫ڇ‬၈᠅ழၴቦ‫׎‬෼ኔ‫س‬੒հ؆ΔᆖᛜऱᇞๅհሐΖ‫ࢡݳ‬՛ᎅ‫א‬ร ԿԳጠૻࠫᨠរ‫܂‬੡஼ᐊֱ‫ڤ‬Δ‫᧩ס‬ၞԵ壀ࢡ‫੺׈‬ऱᇫฆࣷ໮֗ࠃٙհথ ‫ࠃࠡڶ‬Ζ ร ք ີ ࿨ ᓵΔᓵπ ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρऱ ᤉ ࢭΔ‫ ׾‬ᓵΕᙟ ࿝ ᠧ ಖ ኙ ৵ ‫ ׈‬ऱ ᐙ ᥼ Ζ. ร؄ᆏ  ‫׾‬ᓵᄗ࢚ऱ੺ࡳ. π֮֨ᙡᚊΘᓵᎅρ༼ࠩψ‫׾‬ᓵωᄗ࢚ΔᎅΚ ၁ᢀፕᡏǴచࢬӭࠔǺഋࡹǴ߾ᆶȨ᝼ᇥȩӝࠨǹញ࿶Ǵ߾ᆶȨ໺ ‫ ݙ‬ȩୖ ᡏ ǹ ᒣ ў Ǵ ߾ ᆶȨ ᜅ ຑ ȩሸ Չ ǹ ሑ Ў Ǵ ߾ ᆶȨ ௶ Ї ȩӅ इ Ƕ 3 1 ! ᙃ ‫ ׾‬հ ֮ (‫ ׾‬ᓵ ཋ ֮ )ࡉ ‫ ׾‬ᖂ ऱ ᢥ ေ հ ᧯ Δ ឈ ྥ ‫ ټ‬ጠ լ ‫ ٵ‬Ε থ ‫ ڶ‬٥ ‫ ٵ‬հ ๠ Δ ᓵ ऱ ᄷ ঞ ਢ ψ ࡵ ߢ ωΔ । ‫ ق‬ല ψ ᨠ រ ຫ ૪ 堚 ᄑ ωΖ ‫ ׾‬ᖂ ଳ ࣫ ຜ உ Δ ‫ ࣍ ڇ‬ψ ཆ ⛄ ‫ ܓ‬ఐΕ᤭ ࣔ ᆠ ࠏ ωΔ‫ ش ܓ‬։ ࣫Εូ ౏ հ ऄΖࠟ ृ ઃ ႊ ۩ ֮ ය ෻ 堚 ཐΔᎅ ࣔ ᓵរ壄ᅝΖ֮ᖂխᓵ‫׾ࡉ׾‬ᖂխᓵ‫׾‬Δ։ࣴհ๠‫࣍ڇ‬৵ृ૞ψ೭ॾඵ࡛հ ૞ ωΕছ ृ ঞψ ၆ ౨ ధ ෻ ωΔլ ‫݋‬ψ ೗ ๻ ං ᓵΔ៬ ᄅ ‫ ࡛ נ‬ωΔࢬ ‫ ׾ א‬ᖂ ‫ ޣ‬ట Δ ‫ڶ‬ᢞᖕΔթ‫ױ‬ᢞࣔΖ֮ᖂ‫ޣ‬ભΔ‫ױ‬๻ᓵΔթ‫ڶ‬ᔼᖔԺΖ ്ઌπ‫ײ‬վ֮ጵρጠ‫׾‬ᖂऱᢥေհ᧯Δ੡‫׾‬ႚᓵΖጠᙃ‫׾‬հ֮Δ੡‫׾‬ ᓵΖԾᎅΚ ђ‫ޣ‬ўԽइၩǴΏԖўፕǶᑵᒧ੝኱ԜҞǴε҈ߍӷўਜǶࡕШЎ 19. (ඩ )Ꮵ Ꮸ ထ Δ ‫ ᤟ ࣹ س ޓ ׆‬Δπ ֮ ֨ ᙡ ᚊ ᦰ ‫ ء‬ρ Ղ (‫ ק ؀‬Κ ֮ ‫ נ ୃ ׾‬ठ ष Δ 1985 ‫ ڣ‬3 ִ )Δ ଄ 52Ζ 20 (ඩ )Ꮵ Ꮸ ထ Δ ‫ ᤟ ࣹ س ޓ ׆‬Δπ ֮ ֨ ᙡ ᚊ ᦰ ‫ ء‬ρ Ղ (‫ ק ؀‬Κ ֮ ‫ נ ୃ ׾‬ठ ष Δ 1985 ‫ ڣ‬3 ִ )Δ ଄ 334Ζ. 7.

(18) γǴ᠐ਜፕШǴ໔Ԗ೷ॊǴၱᆶў໺ձрǴࡏ‫܌ک‬ᒏᒣў߾ᆶᜅຑ ሸՉ‫ޣ‬ΨǶّЯΟ᝵ǴጩࣁεᢀǴ』』ЯԾԋ΋ᡏ‫خ‬Ƕวᚒ฼γǴ ٣ ᜢ ‫ࣽ ڋ‬Ǵֺ ܴ а ᗋǴ‫ ځ‬բ ᔆ უǴў ፕ ϐ ӜǴၱ ԋ ஑ ឦǴຎ ᑵȠ ᒧ ȡ ϐ‫܌‬኱ǴаᇮӕԶЈ౦ǶᇂЎകᒿЯШᡂǴԜҭਔжࣁϐΨǶ૟а ߻ ‫ ࣁ ޣ‬ў ໺ ፕ Ǵ ࡕ ‫ ࣁ ޣ‬ў ፕ Ǵ ᙖ ܴ ୔ ձ ϓ ᅟ Ƕ 32! ࢬ‫א‬Δ‫׾‬ᓵऱᘋฐΔ࠹ࠩઝᜰࠫ৫ऱංं‫ܗ‬ᣴΔ‫׾‬ᓵๅᠦॵ൉࣍‫׾‬஼ᢥᓵ ۖᗑ‫ګم‬റ᥆֮᧯Δۖᣂ࣍ᓵ‫׾‬Δ‫ױڼڂ‬೴։੡ᢥေհ᧯ऱ‫׾‬ႚᓵࡉᙃ‫׾‬ հ֮ऱ‫׾‬ᓵΔຍਢழ‫ז‬᝟Ⴈᐙ᥼Հۖข‫س‬Ζ π؄஄٤஼᜔‫༼ؾ‬૞ρՈኙ‫׾‬ေऱࡳᆠΔൕ‫ݧ‬ᢥ᧯ឩՕհΚ Ƞ ࡾ ࣿ ȡ฽ ߺǴ᝼ Զ ό ᒣǶ‫ ࡕ ځ‬Ο ໺ ౦ ຒǶȠ ў ૶ ȡԾ ࣁ ‫ ׇ‬ᜅǴа ๱ ҁԑǶԶӃ໳ԴǴࡕϤ࿶ǴଏೀγǴ຾࠵໢Ǵ੤‫ڰ‬ൺ౦᝼ోǶԜў ፕ‫܌‬аᕷΨǶ‫ځ‬ύԵᒣўᡏǴӵቅ‫ޕ‬൳ǵইࡘፏਜǴߚറំᆒࡘǴ όૈԋ᪪Ǵࡺբ‫ޣ‬ৡีǶԿ‫ࠔܭ‬㏃ᙑᆪǴ‫ܛ‬ቸ۳ၞǴ߾ωᙉўౣǴ ջёԋЎǶԜࢂ۶ߚǴϕ෷ᘽႴǴࡺ‫ځ‬ਜ୏ԿԠФǶΞЎγҥ‫ق‬Ǵ ୍‫࣬؃‬യǶ‫܈‬Կᢜ‫ޜ‬ғကǴሻᙤό௃Ǵӵच஋Ƞ᠐ўᆅ‫ـ‬ȡᜁਕϡ ࡆ ό ൺ Ф ‫ ޣ ۉ‬Ǵ ‫ ׳‬۳ ۳ Զ Ԗ Ƕ ࡺ ྵ 㐦 ᘀ ғ Ǵ ҭ ோ Ԝ ΋ ᜪ ࣁ ࣗ Ƕ 33! ൕπ‫׾‬ಖρ‫ݧ‬ᢥຫ૪‫್׹‬ᔢᨠរΔۖఄࡐฆᤜΔঞ‫׾‬ᓵ᜗‫س‬ΖឩՕᒤ໮ࠩ ψ ঴ 㕣 ៱ ፊΔࢻ ᐘ ࢓ ᇾ ω Δࢨ ृ ਢψ ‫ ڼ‬ਢ ࢖ ॺΔյ ྗ ៝ ቔΔਚ ࠡ ஼ ೯ ۟ ‫ ׄ ۀ‬ω Δ ੷ ۟ ਢψ ᨼ ़ ‫ س‬ᆠΔᏛ ᠄ լ ൣ ωΔࢬ ‫ א‬؄ ஄ 塢 ‫ ۝‬Ո ࣹ რ ࠩ ‫ ܂‬୮ ‫א‬ψ ‫ ׾‬ωᓵ ૪ ᨠរऱዝ᧢‫ܓ‬ఐΖ ࢬ‫׾א‬ᓵཋ֮Δլ‫࣍ٵ‬ԫ౳‫׾‬஼ಖᙕᖵ‫׾‬Ζ‫׾‬஼ਢড়ᨠຫ૪‫׾‬ኔΔᝩ ‫܍‬ଡԳ‫׌‬ᨠ‫ړ‬༞ዶԵΖ‫׾‬ᓵঞ‫ױ‬ൕ֮ᖂ୮ऱߡ৫ࠐ઎Δ‫م‬ᓵհ࡛Ε֮‫ڗ‬հ 34 ‫ݎ‬Δլ൓լ‫ח‬Գᚰᆏۖቮऱ‫܂‬঴Δຟ‫֮אאױ‬ᖂ‫܂‬঴ऱߡ৫ࠐ઎ৱ Ζ֠. ࠡ ᤕ ሊ ऱ ֮ ີ ࠹π ๗ ՗ ρࡉπ ᖏ ഏ ࿜ ρऱ ᐙ ᥼Δπ ᖏ ഏ ࿜ ρ‫ ڍ‬᜕ ᖩ ୮ ߢΔՕ ຟंᣴ‫މڴ‬Δፖࠡലπᖏഏ࿜ρ‫܂‬੡ॾ‫ࠐ׾‬઎ৱΔլ‫ڕ‬ലࠡ‫܂‬੡֮ີࠐࣲ. 21. ് ઌ 㐃 ᙕ Δπ ‫ ײ‬վ ֮ ጵ ρ ร ԫ ‫ ק ؀( ם‬Κ ‫ ؀‬᨜ խ ဎ ஼ ‫ ݝ‬Δ 1962 ‫ ڣ‬7 ִ )Δ ଄ 19Ζ (堚 )‫ ⨅ ة‬࿛ ᐷ Δ ‫ ׆‬ႆ ն ‫ ׌‬ᒳ Δπ ؄ ஄ ٤ ஼ ᜔ ‫ ༼ ؾ‬૞ ρΔ ร 17 ‫ ם‬88 ࠴ ʻ‫ ק ؀‬Κ ೸ ೭ ஼ ‫ ݝ‬Δ 1968 ‫ ڣ‬3 ִ )Δ ଄ 1828Ζ 23 ୪ ‫ م‬໯ ထ Δπ ‫ ׾ ז ݚ‬ᓵ ઔ ߒ ρ ʻ‫ ࠇ ק‬Κ խ ဎ ஼ ‫ ݝ‬Δ 2009 ‫ ڣ‬4 ִ )Δ ଄ 18Ζ 22. 8.

(19) 35. ᓾΖ ຍࠄᨠរઃᎁ੡Κ‫׾‬ᓵီ੡֮ᖂࠐᔹᦰΔ‫֮ࠡڶؘ‬ᖂऱ塄։Δ‫ࠡڶ‬ ஼ᐊᢌ๬ऱ‫ڇژ‬Ζ 36. ‫ ׾‬ᓵ ֮ ᖂ ֏ ‫ ݚ ק ڇ‬ᓒ ড ࿇ ୶Δٍ ࡅ ᚨ ‫ ׾‬ᓵ ཋ ֮Δೣ ‫ ֮ ٻ‬ᖂ ऱ ࿇ ୶Δ‫א‬ ‫׌‬ᨠრߠ஌ᆥ࡞ቍ੡‫׌‬Δ‫׽‬૞౨۞ႽࠡᎅΔ਍հ‫ڶ‬෻Δ‫ࠌܛ‬լฤ‫ٽ‬ႚอᖵ ‫ ׾‬ऱ ᓵ រ Δ ٍ ྤ լ ‫ ױ‬Ζ ᝔ ඕ ੳ ‫ ڇ‬π ᤕ ሊ ‫ ׾‬ᓵ ཋ ֮ ઔ ߒ ρ ༼ ‫ נ‬Κψ ‫ ׾‬ᓵ ཋ ֮ ω ऱ ១ ࣔ ࡳ ᆠ Κ ‫ ׌‬ᨠ ေ ᓵ ‫ ײ‬Գ ‫ ࠃ ײ‬ऱ ᓵ ᧯ ཋ ֮ 37 Ζ ࠟ Գ ຟ ਢ រ ‫ ࠉ נ‬ေ ᓵ ृ ੐ ߠΔ೪ ဪ ‫ ׾‬றΖ‫ ׾‬ᓵ ཋ ֮ ೣ ૹ ऱ ਢ ֮ ᖂ ᎅ ෻ ᓵ ૪ ౨ ԺΖ࿝ ृ ٦ ‫ א‬Ꮵ ዺ ሉπ ᢌ ᄗρࢬᎅΚ ܿ‫ڵ‬Ўѝࢂ‫ݤٰܚ‬ǴԜҗ৴‫๊܄‬ΓǴࡺೀೀ᝻๱ԸǶԿ‫ځ‬౛Ԗၸ‫ܭ‬ ೯ԶᜤӺ‫ޣ‬Ǵ‫ڰ‬όϷഢፕǶ. 38!. ಾ ኙ ᤕ ሊ ‫ ڇ‬ᚨ ‫ ە‬հ ‫܂‬τ ٩ ᓾ ࢘ দ հ ۟ ᓵ υ Δဠ ዌψ ఙ ຯ ֳ ව հ Կ ω Ε ψ໯ֳঢ় հ Կ ωऱ ࠢ ਚ Δ ࠐ ࡅ ᚨ ۞ ա ऱ ۩ ֮ ᨠ រΖ ᅝ ම ᆣ ঒ ം ࠡ ࠢ ਚ ‫ נ‬๠ Ζ ࣟ ࡕ ஊ ֳΚψ უ ᅝ ྥ ۘ Μ ωۖψ უ ᅝ ྥ ۘ ω༉ ਢ ᣊ ‫ ۿ‬Ꮵ ዺ ሉ ࢬ ᘯ ࢺ ࠐ ऄΔՈ ༉ ਢ ௅ ᖕ֮ີऱൣቼΔலᐛ໑֧Δ੷۟ႉ֫ࢺࠐ۞ທऱࠃࠏࡅᚨ֮ີխᨠរΖൕ ‫ ױ ڼ‬वΔ‫ ׾‬ᓵ ‫ ܂ ໌ ڇ‬ՂΔᝑ ‫ م ޣ‬რΔ࿨ ዌΕଥ ᢯Δࠐ ᧩ ෼ ۞ ա ऱ ᤜ ᓵ ᨠ រ Ε ֮ᖂթ౨Ζ‫܂‬୮‫۞ڶ޲ڶ‬աऱᗑ௽ᨠរΔ‫੷ش‬Ꮦ֮ᖂ‫؏ݾ‬Δ‫ڕ‬۶೪ဪΔᔮ ຫऱመ࿓‫ྤڶ‬ᅕชΔ౨լ౨۞ႽࠡᎅΔ‫ޓ‬੡ૹ૞ΖՈ༉ਢࠠໂ֮ᖂᓵ૪‫ݾ‬ ؏Δᨃ‫ޓڶृ܂‬Օऱ࿇ཀ़ၴΔլ࠹‫׾‬றऱওૻΖᤕሊࢬ๠ऱழ‫ז‬Δઝᜰ ‫ە‬ᇢኙ࿜ᓵऱૹီΔ‫ݚק‬ऱ‫֮ײ‬ሎ೯ᐙ᥼ΔᐊՀ๺‫׾ڍ‬ᓵ‫ټ‬ᒧΖ‫֮ء‬รԿ ີ௽ܑಾኙπࣟࡕ‫ࣥݳ‬ρऱԼԿᒧ‫׾‬ᓵཋ֮Δᓵ૪ᤕሊ‫׾‬ᓵཋ֮֫ऄߨ‫ٻ‬ ֮ᖂ֏ऱ௽‫֗אۥ‬৬‫م‬՗஼৸უΔຏ‫ײ‬վհߢΕ‫ګ‬ԫ୮հߢऱ‫ؾ‬ऱΖ. รնᆏ  ࿝ಖᄗ࢚ऱ੺ࡳ. ࿝ಖ‫܂‬੡ᗑ‫᧯֮م‬ΔՈ‫ڂ‬੡փ୲ऱᡓᠧΕྤࢬլ‫ץ‬Δ‫ڤݮ‬ଫ࠷ཋ֮Ε. 24. ຫ ؓ ଺ ထ Δπ խ ഏ ཋ ֮ ՛ ᎅ ‫ ׾‬ρ ʻ‫ ק ؀‬Κ Բ ູ ֮ ֏ Δ 2005 ‫ ڣ‬7 ִ )Δ ଄ 31Ζ ୪ ‫ م‬໯ ထ Δπ ‫ ׾ ז ݚ‬ᓵ ઔ ߒ ρ ʻ‫ ࠇ ק‬Κ խ ဎ ஼ ‫ ݝ‬Δ 2009 ‫ ڣ‬4 ִ )Δ ଄ 126Ζ 26 ᝔ ඕ ੳ ထ Δπ ᤕ ሊ ‫ ׾‬ᓵ ཋ ֮ ઔ ߒ ρ ʻ‫ ק ؀‬Κ ᆄ ࠴ ᑔ Δ 2000 ‫ ڣ‬5 ִ )Δ ଄ 13Ζ 27 ʻ堚 ʼᏥ ዺ ሉ ᐷ Δ ಒ ੍ ླ ீ ࣹ Δπ ᢌ ᄗ ࣹ ᒚ ρ ʻ‫ ࠇ ק‬Κ խ ဎ ஼ ‫ ݝ‬Δ 2009 ‫ ڣ‬5 ִ )Δ ଄ 142Ζ 25. 9.

(20) ՛ᎅΕ‫׾‬ႚऱᚌរΖփ୲ऱᠧཋΔ‫ף‬Ղ‫܂‬୮ଅ௑ၳኪΔ‫س‬੒‫ݮ‬ኪऱ᠆༄Δ ࠌ ൓ խ ഏ ࿝ ಖ ‫ ڇ‬ᖵ ‫ ׾‬ऱ ੌ ᧢ խΔ૿ ᎎ ‫ ڍ‬ᑌΖᖵ ࠐ ࿝ ಖ ထ ૹ រ ‫ ֗ א‬ො ። ᒤ ໮Δ ല࿝ಖီ੡ᙟ࿝ᠧಖࡉ࿝ಖ՛ᎅࠟጟլ‫ٵ‬ᎅऄΖࠟጟᎅऄΔՈ‫ז‬।࿝ಖ‫ڇ‬ ཛ‫᧢ז‬ᔢխΔ‫౏گ‬լ‫ڤݮ܂໌ٵ‬Δ‫֗א‬Ꮝᠧऱփ୲Δጳ࣋‫נ‬լ‫ٵ‬ऱ٠൑Ζ ԫΕᙟ࿝ᠧಖψᠧΕ࿍ΕၵΕ࣐ωऱ௽‫ۥ‬ ࿝ಖԲ‫נڗ‬෼‫ڇ‬তཛඩழཚᏥᏨऱπ֮֨ᙡᚊΗթฃρᒧΚ ฑ◚а಄ᔟᏰᖂǹ৪༸а፟ፕ኱ऍǹቅཹ௃ଯа཮ߍǹᔈ◗Ꮲᓬа ளЎǹၡᆐǵླྀঅǴሥᚶ฽૶ϐπǹ΍ሺǵᮋ⮿Ǵҭ֖ፕॊϐऍǹ 39. Ԗ‫ى‬ᆉోǶ ! ᏥᏨࢬጠऱ࿝ಖ༉ਢઌኙ࣍ᇣᓿ࿛ᣉ֮ऱཋ֮֮᧯ΔᙋՀਙएႃቸᄘଥΕ ຬጰ֮Գ࣍ਙᕽՂࢬቍថऱᐷᐊဵ‫֮ם‬७౨ԺΔ‫ࢡݳڇߠױ‬ฐ۩ऱᠿவழ ཚΔ࿝ಖॺਐ՛ᎅΔۖਢਐཋ֮Δ‫אױ‬वհΖ ା‫ޕ‬ፌࢬᐷᐊπାഏ‫׾‬ᇖρ۞‫ࠩ༼ݧ‬Κ ϒ Ծ ໒ ϡ Կ ߏ ቼ ኗȠ ୯ ў ံ ȡǴቾ ў М ‫ ܈‬ᚅ ߾ ံ ϐ ཀǴុ ໺ ૶ Զ Ԗ ό ࣁǶ‫ ق‬ൔ ᔈǴ௶ ଲ ઓǴቻ ფ ΝǴ߈ ஧ ᆋǴ஼ ѐ ϐǹइ ٣ ჴǴ௖ ‫ ނ‬౛ Ǵ ᒣ ᅪ ൽ Ǵ Ң ᝀ ‫ י‬Ǵ ௦ ॥ ߫ Ǵ շ ፋ ઢ Ǵ ߾ ਜ ϐ Ƕ 3: ! ‫ޕ‬ፌࢬߢΔ।ࣔ࿝ಖऱᐊ‫ؾ܂‬ऱΔᇖ‫ּ׾‬հᠥዥհ؆ΔՈ઎‫נ‬ො።փ୲ᡓ ᠧΖ π ା ഏ ‫ ׾‬ᇖ ρ‫ ޢ‬ԫ ঞ ᙕ հ ១ ࿍Δ઎ ‫ ڤ ݮ נ‬ཋ ٨ ᙟ რΔԫ ය ය ઌ ኙ ᗑ ‫ م‬ऱ ‫ؤ‬ಖნᒳิ‫ګۖٽ‬ऱထ‫܂‬Δਢඖ૪‫׾‬ኔऱᠧ‫׾‬ᣊထ‫܂‬Ζ ‫ ݚ ݚ ק‬ઙπ ‫ ݚ‬ན ֮ ࿝ ಖ ρΔਢ ร ԫ ‫א ۯ‬ψ ࿝ ಖ ω‫ ܂‬੡ ֮ ᧯ ‫ ټ‬ጠΔࠡ ஼ ො ።ऱփ୲‫ᤩڶ‬ঋΕ‫ە‬ૡΕᠧᎅᒧີΔ٤஼Օຟਢ‫ە‬ૡ‫ټ‬ढଃಝΕေᓵ‫זײ‬ ߢ ۩Εᠧ ᙕ ‫ࠃ ׾‬Δ‫ ܂‬୮ ‫ ڶ‬რ ᢝ ‫ א‬࿝ ಖ ‫ ܂‬੡ ֮ ᧯Δ। ෼ ࠡ ᙟ რ ፖ Ꮝ ᠧ ऱ ௽ ࢤ Ζ ত‫ੋݚ‬ᝬऱπ୲សᙟ࿝ρհ࠴ଈ۞‫ݧ‬ᎅΚ 28. (ඩ )Ꮵ Ꮸ ᐷ Δ ‫ ᤟ ࣹ س ޓ ׆‬Δπ ֮ ֨ ᙡ ᚊ ᦰ ‫ ء‬ρ Հ (‫ ק ؀‬Κ ֮ ‫ נ ୃ ׾‬ठ ष Δ 1985 ‫ ڣ‬3 ִ )Δ ଄ 320Ζ 29 (ା )‫ ޕ‬ፌ ᐷ Δ ᄘ ୮ ᙻ ‫ ׌‬ᒳ Δπ ᄅ ீ ା ഏ ‫ ׾‬ᇖ ρπ ᏺ ᇖ ࿝ ಖ ՛ ᎅ ρ ʻ‫ ק ؀‬Κ ‫ ੺ ׈‬஼ ‫ ݝ‬Δ 1962 ‫ ڣ‬2 ִ )Δ ଄ 3Ζ. 10.

(21) ϒԴѐಞᚷǴ᠐ਜόӭǴཀϐ‫܌‬ϐǴᒿջइᒵǴӢ‫ࡕځ‬ӃǴคൺ၍ ԛ Ǵ ࡺ Ҟ ϐ Г Ƞ ᒿ ฽ ȡǶ ద ᅚ ۪ η Ǵ ᎆ ໚ ࢫ ᗌ ඳ ᐽ Ƕ 41 ! ত‫ੋݚ‬ᝬലᦰ஼ࢬ൓Δᙟ࿝ᐊՀۖᠧᙕհΔլ։٣৵Δլࣅ‫ڤݮ‬Δࠀ ጠհ੡ᙟ࿝Δ༉ਢ‫א‬ཋ࿝ֱ‫ܧڤ‬෼Ζ۟࣍࿝ಖऱփ୲Δ‫ױ‬ᎅਢᡓᠧۖྤࢬ լ‫ץ‬Ζ ‫ݚ‬π ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρΔ᎓ ‫ ش‬ᔃ ੡ ࠡ ‫ݧ ܂‬Δរ ‫נ‬π ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρ௫ ֗ ऱ փ ୲ΔԼ ։᠆༄ΔᎅΚ ‫ځ‬໔‫܈‬ӜԽᏌ཰Ǵ‫ݯ܈‬රࡹ௲Ǵ‫܈‬Ӧ౛БୱǴ‫܈‬ფЄࡉ‫܁‬Ǵ‫܈‬ઓ⒢ ᣭೌǴТᇟൂຒǴᒋⷂᕵੁǴคό౥‫ڀ‬ǶԶ‫ځ‬ғѳᎂᙥࢬᚆϐधǴ 42 ᜬӒ֚ϵϐ‫ރ‬ǴҭࡽౣഢǶ !. ‫ء‬஼ො።ಖሏΕᡖ‫ײ‬Εଥ塄ΕఏఐΕኄ༆ΕᖂംΕࡎ։ΕಬܑΕผसΕ܎ ฃΕழࠃΕࡴ៭Εી‫ד‬ΕឆၝΕ۵ඒΕሐᤩΕฆࠃΕ‫ݾ‬๬Ε؄‫ا‬ΕՖ࡟Ε ᇶ࿋Ε‫߅ڎ‬Ε‫ײ‬㳩Ε‫فد‬ΕմࣾΕԽࡺΕॼഘΕԳढΕᓵ‫ײ‬Δ٥։ԲԼ԰ ᣊΖ࿝ಖԫဲൕতཛૹီ֮ԳֆᏆ഑ཋ֮୶෼Δࠩା‫ݚ‬ឩ୶‫֮ګ‬ԳߏᏆ഑ ‫س‬੒ׂ੄ऱᙟ࿝Ζ Ꮵ ᆺ ટ ٣ ‫ س‬ঞ ᎁ ੡ ࿝ ಖΔ༉ ਢ ᙟ ࿝ ᠧ ಖ ۞ ‫ ط‬ऱ ‫ڤ ݮ‬Δࠡ խ Ծ ‫ ܶ ץ‬Կ ᣊ Ζ ಖᙕ‫ץ‬ᢅᆄွ‫׾إ‬հ؆ऱᖵ‫׾‬ጅፊᣊऱ࿝ಖΔࡨᠿவ߱ࣔ堚ಖມ‫׾‬Εᓫ༳ ਚΕᙀ֮᣸ऱᠧᙕΕហᓫΔ੡รԫᣊΖ‫ە‬ᖕᙃᢞᣊऱ࿝ಖΔ‫ࡨܶץ‬ᠿவ߱ ࣔ堚ᦰ஼ᙟ࿝Ε‫ؤ‬ಖΔ੡รԲᣊΖ࢓؆ឩ֗Δ٦‫ף‬ՂᠿவΕ߱ࣔ堚՛ᎅਚ 43 ࠃᣊऱ࿝ಖΔ‫׌‬૞ਐऱਢൣᆏ១໢Δᒧ༏࿍՛ऱ՛ᎅਚࠃΔ੡รԿᣊ Ζ. 30. (‫ ੋ) ݚ‬ᝬ ᐷ Δπ ୲ ស ᙟ ࿝ ρ ʻՂ ௧ Κ Ղ ௧ ‫ ײ‬ᤄ ‫ נ‬ठ ष Δ 1978 ‫ ڣ‬7 ִ )Δ ଄ 1Ζ ʻ‫ ݚ‬ʼᤕ ሊ ᐷ Δ ‫ ᤿ ࣪ ׆‬រ ீπ ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρΔ ‫ گ‬ᙕ ࣍π ᖵ ‫ ׾ ז‬ற ࿝ ಖ ហ ‫ ע‬ρऱπ ା ‫ ׾ ݚ‬ற ࿝ ಖ ρ ʻ‫ ࠇ ק‬Κ խ ဎ ஼ ‫ ݝ‬Δ 1981 ‫ ڣ‬9 ִ *Δ ଄ 1Ζ ‫ א‬Հ π ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρ ଺ ֮ ຟ ֧ ‫ ڼ ش‬ठ ‫ ء‬Δ ‫ڼ‬ठ‫ء‬ਢ‫ࣔא‬ᆄᖟ᎓ၲભ‫ءע‬ऱπࣟࡕ‫ࣥݳ‬ρն࠴‫ء‬੡ඈ‫ءٱ‬Δ٦‫ף‬Ղොख़ᑔ‫ܦ‬མᆁ ீ‫ٱ‬᎓‫ء‬Δ٦‫ۍא‬՟‫ء‬Ε೸ࠥ‫ء‬ΕࣟࡕԮႃ‫ء‬Ε֮ᣴᎹ஄‫ء‬Ε്ࠥ֗ᖂ੍ಘ଺‫ء‬Δ٦ ‫᤿࣪׆אף‬រீΖհ৵֧‫ش‬Δլ٦᠇૪Ζ‫᤿࣪׆א׽‬រீπࣟࡕ‫ࣥݳ‬ρ១ጠհΖ! 32 Ꮵ ᆺ ટ ထ Δπ ‫ ࠢ ײ‬՛ ᎅ ࿝ ಖ ᓵ ហ ρ ࠡ խ τ ฃ ᓫ ࿝ ಖ ፖ ୃ ᖂ υ ԫ ֮ Κ ࿝ ಖ ‫ ڶ‬ᐖ ௿ ੺ ᒵ Δ ௿ᆠऱ࿝ಖਢਐԫ֊ᙟ࿝ᠧಖΔᙟ࿝ᠧಖԾ‫ױ‬։੡ಖᖵ‫׾‬ጅፊ੡‫׌‬ऱΔԫጟਢ‫ەא‬ᖕ ᙃ ᢞ ੡ ‫ ׌‬ऱ Ζ ᐖ ᆠ ऱ ࿝ ಖ ਐ ऱ ਢ ᙟ ࿝ ᠧ ಖ Δ ٦ ‫ ף‬Ղ ࿍ ᒧ ਚ ࠃ ႃ Δ ‫ ڕ‬π ჼ 壀 ಖ ρΕπ ‫ ׈‬ᎅ ᄅ ፿ ρհ ᣊ ऱ ࿝ ಖ ՛ ᎅ ʻ֚ ੍Κত ၲ Օ ᖂ ‫ נ‬ठ षΔ1985 ‫ ڣ‬3 ִ *Δ଄ 165Ζ‫ ׼‬ԫ ထ ‫܂‬π ᖵ ‫ ז‬࿝ ಖ ᄗ ૪ ρ ‫ ڇ‬ፃ ᓵ ല Կ ᣊ ऱ ࿝ ಖ 堚 ᄑ ࡳ ᆠ Δ ʻፕ ‫ ק‬Κ ֵ ᥵ ‫ נ‬ठ ष Δ ‫ נ‬ठ ‫ ڣ‬լ ᇡ *Δ ଄ 31. 11.

(22) ‫ڼ‬ጟ։ᣊֱऄ઎ૹ‫א‬ཋ࿝ֱ‫܂ڤ‬੡஼ᐊՠࠠΔ‫א‬១໢堚ཐऱ‫ػ‬༴֫ ऄΔ፿ ߢ ᖦ ኔ ۞ ྥΕլ ࠃ ᙡ ྲΕᒧ ༏ ࿍ ՛Ε堚 ཐ ‫ ރ‬૞ । ሒ ‫ ܂‬୮ ᐖ ໑ ऱ ‫ س‬੒ Ε वᢝΕᖂ๬റᄐᏆ഑Ζ‫ݚק‬πኄᄻ࿝ᓫρԫ஼ൕႚอߡ৫ࠐ઎ਢ‫ݚ‬Գ‫ە‬ᖕ ᙃᢞ౨ԺΔ֚֮‫چ‬෻ྤࢬլ‫ץ‬Ζ‫֮ڇ‬Գႚอહནհ؆ΔՈߠࠩ‫ݚ‬Գಳ‫۞ޣ‬ ྥ ઝ ᖂ ᖂ ๬ Ꮖ ഑ ऱ ౨ ԺΖᏥ ᆺ ટ ٣ ‫ س‬Ծ ᎅΚ࿝ ಖ ԫ ᧯Δ‫א ࠐ ء‬ψ ᠧ ωߠ ጠ Δ ԫ ஼ հ խ Δ ࢓ ࢓ ଫ ‫ ٺ ڶ‬ᣊ 4 4 Δπ ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρ ԫ ஼ ઃ ‫ ߠ ױ‬ຍ Կ ᣊ ‫ ܂‬঴ Ζ ‫࠸ܨ‬ྉπ࿝ಖ֮ᙇᦰρ‫ߢݧ‬ᓫࠩ࿝ಖऱ‫᧯إ‬Κ ᒧ ᒵ ‫ ޑ‬ਔ ং ό ૈ ᅐ ค Ϻ ሞǴε ౣ ु Α ঁ ኱ ྗǴ‫ ܈‬ቪ Γ ௃Ǵ‫ ܈‬ቪ ‫ ނ‬౛ Ǵ ‫૶܈‬΋ਔϐᒋⷂǴ‫௶܈‬΋Ӧϐ॥βǴӭъ‫ک‬ჴሞΓғ‫ޔ‬ௗѺҬၰ‫ޑ‬ 45 Ў ӷǴ՟ Я Ψ Ԗ ൳ ϩ ಍ ΋ ‫܄‬Ƕᒿ ฽ ϐ Ў ՟ Я Ψ ҁ ٰ а Ԝ ᜪ ࣁ ҅ ᡏǶ !. ‫࠸ܨ‬ྉ٣‫س‬ൎᓳ࿝ಖփ୲ࡉ‫܂‬୮టኔԳ‫س‬Ε৸უઌյਠᅃΖ ‫ڍ׆‬ፊτ࿝ಖᠧᓫυঞኙ࿝ಖऱ᧯ࠏၞ۩੺ࡳΚ ൩‫ځ‬ЎᡏٰᇥǴόፕዽђॊϞ‫܈‬วࣁፋշǴ೿ᔈࢂǺಃ΋ǵᒿЋ฽ ᒵǴό ‫ ܥ‬΋ ਱ǹಃ Βǵ‫ ؂‬٣ Ծ ࣁ ଆ ّǴό ࣬ ೣ ᆚǹಃ Οǵό ፕ ૶ Γ ǵ ૶‫ނ‬ǵ૶٣Ǵࣣࣁ࠼ᢀϐ௶ቪǴॊᚶ‫ק‬གϐբόӭǹಃѤǵԖߏԖ 46. อǴߏอ֡ૈᅰཀǶ ! ‫ڍ׆‬ፊࣹრࠩ࿝ಖլࣅԫ௑Εլઌ຃ጺऱ‫ڤݮ‬௽‫ۥ‬ΖࠟԳ堚ᄑൕ᧯ࠏΕ֮ ᧯ၞ۩੺ࡳΔਢለ੡ᇡาऱᓵ૪Ζ࿝ृঞᎁ੡ড়ᨠհඖᐊΔ૪ᡖ‫އ‬ტհ‫܂‬ լ‫ڍ‬Δս‫ڶ‬ಘᓵ़ၴΖլጥਢ‫࠸ܨ‬ྉࢨਢ‫ڍ׆‬ፊ࿝ಖᓵ૪Δຟല࿝ಖࡳ‫ۯ‬ ੡࿍ᒧᙟ࿝ऱᠧಖΖ ຫ֮ᄅπխഏ࿝ಖ՛ᎅ‫׾‬ρ‫ݚڇ‬࿝ಖᏺ๻ԫᣊΔ‫ֳټ‬՛঴ᣊΔࣹრࠩ ሏಖၳᔞ՛঴֮ऱᐙ᥼ԺΔ‫م׼‬੡ԫᣊΖឈྥലπࣟࡕ‫ࣥݳ‬ρࡳ‫ۯ‬੡ၘࠃ ՛ ᎅ խ ऱψ ՛ ঴ ী ω Δ‫ ࣹ ה ߠ ױ‬რ ࠩ ຍ ԫ ᣊ ࿝ ಖ ‫ ڇ‬ಖ ࠃ խ ᖺ দ ऱ ‫ އ‬ൣ ‫ ګ‬։ Δ. 4Ζ Ꮵ ᆺ ટ ထ Δπ ᖵ ‫ ז‬࿝ ಖ ᄗ ૪ ρ ʻ‫ ק ؀‬Κ ֵ ᥵ ‫ נ‬ठ ष Δ ‫ נ‬ठ ‫ ڣ‬լ ᇡ ʼΔ ଄ 4Ζ 34 ‫ ࠸ ܨ‬ྉ ထ Δπ ࿝ ಖ ֮ ᙇ ᦰ ρ ʻ‫ ק ؀‬Κ ొ ట ‫ נ‬ठ ष Δ 1984 ‫ ڣ‬5 ִ *Δ ଄ 1Ζ 35 ‫ ڍ ׆‬ፊ ထ Δπ ࿝ ಖ ᠧ ᓫ ρ ʻᙉ ኑ ઊ Κ ቹ ஼ 塢 ᖂ ‫ ע‬Δ 1980 ‫ ڣ‬1 ཚ *Δ ଄ 39Ζ 33. 12.

(23) ࢬ‫א‬ጠհ੡՛঴֮ଅ௑ᣊীΔ࿝ृଗհ੡ᙟ࿝‫ڤ‬࿝ಖऱร؄ᣊΖ. 47!. ࢬ‫א‬Δ‫א‬ᙟ࿝‫֮ڤ‬ᖂࡳᆠ࿝ಖΔլ‫א‬ψ࿝ಖ՛ᎅω઎ৱΔਢ‫ڂ‬੡९Ն ‫ࠐא‬Δ࿝ಖࡉ࿝ಖ՛ᎅ٥‫س‬ऱणउΔۖ࿝ಖ՛ᎅ‫ڇ‬ႚอ࿇୶ॽณΔ࿝ಖ‫܂‬ ੡ᗑ‫م‬ऱ᧯ࠏΔ‫ؘ‬ႊࠉເ࿝ಖ՛ᎅΔࠌ൓ᖞ෻࿝ಖՠ‫ृ܂‬Δ୲࣐࢙ฃ࿝ಖ ۞ߪ௽រΔၞۖ‫گڇ‬ᙕ‫נ‬ठࢨઔߒழΔլല࿝ಖ֮᧯ᗑ‫נۖم‬Ζࢬ‫א‬ᙟ࿝ ᠧಖࡉ՛ᎅ։ၲ઎ৱΔ‫࣍ܓڶ‬࿝ಖઔߒΖ ԲΕᖦኔ۞ྥΕᒧ༏࿍՛Ε֮֏‫ە‬ኘ ᤕ॰؄ᖂՓհԫऱ႓அഒ‫ڇ‬τၐࣟࡕඖ૎઄ࠃࢅυམߠᢞᤕሊᙟ࿝ᠧ ಖ ֮ ‫ ڗ‬ऱ ໌ ‫܂‬ΔᎅΚ ψ ࢓ ቫ ࣍ ࣟ ࡕ ߠ ֫ ᖻ Բ ᦖΔ……֫ ᖻ ๳ ። Բ Լ 塒Δઃ ؓ ‫ ڗ ܂ س‬፿Δრ ᣊ ՛ Գ լ ඿ ፊ ृΔ᎗ ‫ ב‬壆 ૴ Ե ๳ խΔ‫ ۖ ڽ‬৵ ‫ ق נ ױ‬Գ ृ ՈΖω 48. ൕ႓அഒ‫ڇ‬லᨠኘᤕሊ֫ᖻऱ໌‫܂‬ᖵ࿓Δ‫ױ‬࿇෼ਢ‫܂‬୮ᙟ࿝ۖᐊऱ‫ٳ‬٠. ׂ壅ΖᖵழՂ۞ց᠆ΔՀ۟ցฤ‫ڕڶ‬ሿཋऱֲಖ᧯໌‫܂‬Δ၀२‫܂‬୮‫س‬੒Δ Ո༉່టኔ֘ᚨᤕሊऱ৸უΕԳ௑ΕࢤൣΕଥ塄Ζ֮ࠡ९࿍լࣅΔࢨՏߢ ࢨ ᑇ ፿ Δ ‫ א‬࿍ ՛ ੡ ‫ ڍ‬Ζ ॾ ࿝ ᐊ ࠐ Δ ཀ ᦠ ۞ ‫ ڕ‬Δ ᧯ ෼ Ա ‫ ۩ ृ ܂‬ႆ ੌ ֽ 49 Ε ௫ ࿝ ‫ ګ‬ᔊ ऱ ֮ ᖂ ଅ ௑ Ζ ᕙ ߰ ੷ ۟ ᎅ Κψ լ ‫ ؘ‬ឭ ‫ ࡴ ׾‬ऱ ਮ ՗ Δ ၀ २ ᅝ ‫ ז‬ଅ ᎎ Ζ ω 39. ࢬ‫א‬լ‫ף‬ଥ堸ऱᔆᖦଅ௑Δ֘ۖ‫ګ‬੡࿝ಖᚌរΖ ൕຍᇙ‫אױ‬઎‫נ‬Օ‫ڍ‬ᑇऱ࿝ಖආቤ։ය‫ؾ‬ऱ᧯ࠏΔՈ༉ਢԫයයઌኙ. ᗑ‫م‬ऱ‫ؤ‬ಖნᒳۖ‫ګ‬ऱထ‫܂‬Δ࿝ಖऱ᧩ထ௽រΖຍጟ᧯ࠏ௽ᐛᄭ۞࣍࿝ಖ ऱᒳᐊ࢓࢓ਢ९ཚีᗨऱመ࿓Ζࢬ‫א‬ᎅᙟ࿝ಖᙕऱᐊ‫ڤֱ܂‬Δॺߓอ‫ܧڤ‬ 51. ෼ Δ ‫ ࡯ ݚ‬ց ‫ ۔‬π ࣟ ࠇ ኄ ဎ ᙕ ρ‫ ݧ‬ճ Κψ ፿ ߢ Ꭴ ঐ Δ լ ‫ ֮ א‬堸 ृ Ζ ω ֮ ‫ ڗ‬ຏ ঋΕ១ ᑥΔඖ ૪ ය ዃ 堚 ᄑΖឈ ਢ ᙟ ࿝ հ ‫܂‬Δ֘ ۖ ۞ ‫ ګ‬ԫ ௑Ζੋ ᝬ 44 ֚ ಖ Հ π‫ڎ‬ഒ‫ݳ‬Θ֭ࢊρ٥Լ࠴ԫ‫ۍ‬ԿԼնࠃΔࢬಖ௯᜗Εփ୲᠆༄Δ‫ח‬Գቮ੡. 36. ຫ ֮ ᄅ ထ Δπ խ ഏ ࿝ ಖ ՛ ᎅ ‫ ׾‬ρ ʻᄅ ࢋ ؑ Κ ‫ ݳ‬ԫ ‫ נ‬ठ ष Δ 1995 ‫ ڣ‬3 ִ *Δ ଄ 400Ζ ʻ‫ ݚ‬ʼ႓ அ ഒ ᐷ Δπ ՞ ߣ ᠲ ၐ ρ ‫ گ‬ᙕ ࣍ π ‫ ۍ‬ຝ ហ ஼ ႃ ‫ ګ‬ρ ࠴ 5ʻ‫ ק ؀‬Κ ᢌ ֮ ‫ ٱ‬஼ 塢 Δ 1966 ‫) ڣ‬Δ ଄ 2Ζ 38 ʻ‫ ݚ‬ʼᤕ ሊ ᐷ Δ ֞ Յ ៖ រ ீ Δπ ᤕ ሊ ֮ ႃ ρ ʻ‫ ࠇ ק‬Κ խ ဎ ஼ ‫ ݝ‬Δ 1986 ‫ ڣ‬3 ִ )Δ ଄ 1418Ζ 37. 39. ᕙ ߰ ထ Δτ ࢙ ྥ უ ࠩ υπ ᕙ ߰ ᠧ ֮ ႃ ρ ʻ‫ ࠇ ק‬Κ ֮ ᢌ ‫ נ‬ठ ष Δ 1991 ‫ ڣ‬6 ִ ʼΔ ଄ 10Ζ ᎅ Κʳ. ᖵ‫׾‬ՂຟᐊထխഏऱᨋᏒΔਐ‫ق‬ထലࠐऱࡎሎΖ‫ڂ׽‬Ⴡ堸֜দΔᐒᇩ֜‫ڍ‬Δࢬ‫א‬ৰլ ୲࣐ኘ‫ࢍנ‬าࠐΖ‫ڕإ‬ຏመയᆺ‫ڇ୴ދ‬๘૑Ղऱၺ٠Δ‫׽‬઎ࠩរऱᅷᐙΖ‫ڕ܀‬઎ມ‫׾‬ ࡉᠧಖΔ‫ྥ۞ޓױ‬ԱྥԱΔ‫ڂ‬੡‫ה‬ଚߒຶլ‫ؘ‬ឭ‫ࡴ׾‬ऱਮ՗Ζ 40 ʻ‫ ݚ‬ʼ࡯ ց ‫ ۔‬ᐷ Δπ ࣟ ࠇ ኄ ဎ ᙕ ρ ʻ‫ ࠇ ק‬Κ խ ဎ ஼ ‫ ݝ‬Δ 1985 ‫ ִ ڣ‬լ ᇡ )Δ ଄ 3Ζ. 13.

(24) 52. ᨠ ַ Ζ ੋ ᝬ ٍ ۞ ጠ Κψ ឈ ղ ٍ ۞ ᙹ ࠡ ඕ Ո Ζ ω Ζπ ‫ ڎ‬ഒ ‫ ݳ‬Θ ֭ ં ρ ٥ Լ ࠴ ٥ ૠ ԫ ‫ ۍ‬Բ Լ ࠃ ‫ ش ׽‬30 ֲ ‫ ګ ݙ‬53Δ‫ ߠ ױ‬ᐊ ‫ ܂‬ऱ 壀 ຒΔፖ ‫ ृ ܂‬ආ ࠷ ‫ ڶ‬ፊ ‫ ؘ‬ᙕΕ ᔆᖦऱᢌ๬፿ߢΔ੡ੋᝬ༼ࠎਚࠃऱપ‫ڶ‬լ֟ᎅᇩᢌ๬ृΔਚࠃᏅ‫ؑڍ‬մ ᔊ ࠺ 43 Δ ਢ ‫ ૹ ז ݚ‬૞ ऱ ‫ ࢡ ݳ‬՛ ᎅ Δ ᐙ ᥼ Կ ߢ Բ ࣁ ऱ ໌ ‫ ޗ ై ܂‬Ζ ࿝ ಖ ٍ ‫ ܂ ױ‬੡ ௽ ࡳ ழ ़ ऱ ֮ ֏ ‫ ە‬ኘΔ π ࣟ ࡕ ‫ ࣥ ݳ‬ρ༼ ࠩ ਚ ၢ ᇋ ‫ װ چ‬௧ ੷ ᎛ Δ ‫ ࠷ ڶ‬ᨖ ௽ ௘ ऱ ֱ ‫ ڤ‬Κψ ᇋ ࡨ ໌ ό ࿟ մ ύΔ ‫ ش‬ό ⷫ Ս ύ ᨼ ‫ ڕ‬ᅹ Օ Δ ෡ ृ ᑇ Լ ՁΔ‫ װ ێ ؎ א‬ᆏΔ‫ ߃ ی‬ઌ Ꮂ ੡ մΔ‫ א‬ሶ ᖩ Ե ෉ ֽΔঞ ভ ੈ ۞ ՂΖωԾ ᎅ Κ ψ Ծ ‫ ێ א‬հ ஁ ՛ ृ ‫ נ‬Ե մ խ ੡ό ද ύ Δྤ ࢍ ۖ ៛ ࠡ ՂΔᣬ ᑵ ‫ ؼ‬ᑇ ՚Δ‫ נ‬Ե ֽ խΔ௛۞ࡅ‫ۖܮ‬ඔຨհΔԫ࿟ીֽᑇ֯ΖՅ࿟մઃ‫ش‬ᖲඳΔ‫ܓ‬հࢬ‫ڇ‬ΔԳ ྤ լ वΖωਢ ᤕ ሊ ۞ ᎌ ࣍ ᇋ ‫ چ‬௽ ‫ ڶ‬ऱ ࠷ ᨖ ‫ ݾ‬๬Δ੷ ۟ ቮψ ֜ ՗ ᔃ լ ᢝ ω ΔՕ ‫ڶ‬؆Գլᢝ‫ڼ‬ψֽ䗤ऄω࿛೏ઝ‫ݾ‬հᖌΖ ᤕሊցฤ‫ڣ‬ၴྀ௧᎛ࠩ‫ދ‬౶ᆄߺ⭟‫ڠ‬հ‫چ‬Δߠ࡛ፊฆࠃԳ‫ڽ‬༚‫س‬τ‫ޕ‬ ּ ՗ ٦ ‫ س‬ᎅ ଭ ၴ ࠃ υ (ฯ ᆣ ն ‫) ڠ ⭟ ࣍ ڣ‬հ ࠃ Ζ ‫ ڍ‬ፖ ቖ ሐ ࢓ ࠐ Δ ۩ ሐ ඒ ֱ Փ հ ሌ ᒜ ‫ ޣ א‬९ ‫ س‬τ ሌ ᒜ ᎅ υ (ց ฤ Բ ‫) ڣ‬Δ ߨ Ե ሐ ᤩ ֮ ֏ Δ ଇ ऱ ਢ ヲ ᜶ ፫ ‫܂‬ ࿦ ‫ א‬ഁ τ ബ 塄 ႓ խ υ (ց ฤ Կ ‫) ڣ‬Δ ᦰ ऱ ਢ ᄛ ᣤ ᆖ Κψ ۘ ‫ ॔ ڕ‬ᘔ Δ ֨ ‫ ڕ‬ᓊ क़ Δ ‫ ۍ‬ᆏ ง ຏ Δ ᆄ ៛ ੳ ᣹ Ζ ࠐ ழ ԫ Δ ‫ װ‬ழ Զ ᆄ ؄ Տ Ζ ωτ ᢤ ฯ ሐ Փ υ (ց ฤ Կ ‫ڣ‬ ԰ ִ )Δ ಖ ऱ ਢ ‫ ז ᧯ ॆ א‬ཙ ߢ ፿ ऱ ᛽ რ τ ࠱ ৈ ႉ ᛽ ᇩ υ (⭟ ‫) ڠ‬Δ ᐡ ֨ հ 塒 Δ ‫ ⪍ א‬౻ ጩ ‫ ٳ‬ֈ Δ ᆑ ऱ ਢ ࡌ ࣐ τ ಖ ᆑ ࠳ υ (ց ฤ ց ‫) ڣ‬Δ ሏ ऱ ਢ ֚ ᐜ ᨠ Δ ਈ ऱ ਢ ‫ ק‬ᄕ ట ᆣ Δ ൶ ൓ ᨋ ᡽ τ ॾ ሐ ཕ ऄ ᎅ υ (ց ฤ ց ‫) ڣ‬Δ ᦫ ፊ ऱ ਢ ૃ ᠜ ᜻ ‫ ڽ‬ᑇ ֲ Δ ᧃ ᕓ ઃ ᧢ ፧ Δ ૵ ྥ ‫ ڕ‬྽ τ ಖ ૃ ᇋ ֆ ᙊ ࠃ υ (ց ฤ ؄ ‫) ڣ‬Ζ ຍ ਢ ᤕ ሊ ඡ ‫ڣ‬ ᘣߪᆖᖵ‫ڠ⭟ڇ‬ऱ֮֏‫ڕ‬ਢᨠΔထณሐᤩΔ۞‫ګ‬ᙊ‫׈‬ᗑ‫࣍م‬௧؆Δᖑࣄ壅 ֏‫טګ‬հ௡ደൣᡖΖ ࢬ ‫ א‬ᙟ ࿝ ᠧ ಖ ऱ ௽ ‫ۥ‬Δԫ ‫ ࣍ ڇ‬ᠧΔࢬ ᘯ ᠧΔঞ ਢ ֮ ֏ ᐋ ૿ Ղ ‫ ץ‬ᢅ ᆄ ွ Ζ Բ‫࣍ڇ‬࿍Δ࿍ঞਢ࿝ऄ១ᑥΔᙟढᓿ‫ݮ‬Ε༳༽௽‫ۥ‬ΖԿ‫࣍ڇ‬ၵΔၵঞਢᐉ ભრᔊΕటൣੌ᥻Εࠠ‫ڶ‬੐ߠΖ؄‫࣐ؓ࣍ڇ‬Δ࣐ؓঞႁঋ٥ᓾΔଅ௑堚ᄅ. 41. ʻ‫ ݚ‬ʼੋ ᝬ ᐷ Δπ ‫ ڎ‬ഒ ‫ ݳ‬ρτ ‫ ڎ‬ഒ Θ ֭ ࢊ ‫ ݧ‬υ ‫ گ‬ᙕ ࣍ π ᥛ ଥ ؄ ஄ ٤ ஼ ρ ՗ ຝ Θ ՛ ᎅ ୮ ᣊ ʻՂ ௧ΚՂ ௧ ‫ ײ‬ᤄ ‫ נ‬ठ षΔ 1985 ‫ڣ‬Δִ լ ᇡ )Δ଄ 652Ζ‫ ڎ‬ഒ ‫ ં ۟ ظ ݳ‬Բ ‫࠴ ۍ‬Δ֭ ‫ં ֭ ۟ ظ‬ ԫ‫࠴ۍ‬ΔԿ‫۟ظ‬Կંԫ‫࠴ۍ‬Δ؄‫ظ‬؄Ԭ‫ٺ‬Լ࠴Δ᜔؄‫ۍ‬ԲԼ࠴Ζ 42 ʻ‫ ݚ‬ʼੋ ᝬ ᐷΔπ ‫ ڎ‬ഒ ‫ ݳ‬ρ τ ‫ ڎ‬ഒΘ֭ ࢊ ‫ ݧ‬υ‫ گ‬ᙕ ࣍π ᥛ ଥ ؄ ஄ ٤ ஼ ρ՗ ຝΘ՛ ᎅ ୮ ᣊ ʳ ʻՂ ௧ Κ Ղ ௧ ‫ ײ‬ᤄ ‫ נ‬ठ ष Δ 1985 ‫ ִ ڣ‬լ ᇡ )Δ ଄ 705Ζ 43 ຫ ֮ ᄅ ထΔ π ֮ ߢ ՛ ᎅ ᐉ ભ ࿇ ୶ ‫ ׾‬ρ(ࣳ ዧΚࣳ ዧ Օ ᖂ ‫ נ‬ठ षΔ2002 ‫ ڣ‬10 ִ )Δ଄ 392Ζ. 14.

(25) ࣔ‫ݶ‬Ζ ԿΕߏ୮ထ૪Εࠠࡴֱᇖ‫׾‬ऱ໌‫܂‬რቹ ࿝ಖԫ౳ਢߏԳထ‫܂‬Δۖॺࡴֱထ૪Δ‫׽‬ਢ೚੡ࡴֱΕᖂ๬‫إ‬อऱᇖ ‫ ך‬ী ኪ թ ๯ ᎁ ‫ ٵ‬ऱΔᏥ व ༓ ီ ࿝ ಖ ‫ ܂‬঴ ੡ ‫ ׾‬հ ᠧ ੌΖ‫ ׼‬؆ ࿝ ಖ ऱ ‫ ޗ‬ற ࠐ ᄭΔ ࡉ՗ຝऱ՛ᎅ୮ઌ‫ۿ‬Δࠐ۞࣍ሐᦫჁᎅΖ࿝ಖऱ‫ृ܂‬ਢߏԳᐷᐊΔᐊ‫ؾ܂‬ ऱྤᣂ‫ڱݛ‬Δା‫ޕ‬ፌࢬᐷᐊπାഏ‫׾‬ᇖρ۞‫۟੷ݧ‬ᎅΚ‫ܗ‬ᓫూΖൎᓳ࿝ಖ ᐊ‫܂‬ऱ‫ؾ‬ऱਢ໑‫ܩ‬ԫూऱୡᑗ‫ؾ‬ऱΖ ାૃ㈂πႆ᝘֖ᤜρ‫ݧ‬ᎅΚ ぢ‫ܯ‬ᙖ౲ӭǴӢ‫܌‬ᆪ૶Ǵᗨ҂߈‫ܭ‬ЫቛǴଁёࡿ‫ܭ‬໡ໆǹ‫܈‬аጇᑣ ቍ ⷂ Ǵ ౗ ᅟ ԋ Ў Ǵ ҭ ߚ ᅰ ‫ ڗ‬๮ ᜽ Ǵ Ӣ ٣ ᒵ ో Ǵ ࢂ Г Ƞ ໦ ᖸ ϶ ᝼ ȡǶ 55 ! ‫ݚ‬ᑛၺଥπូ‫ض‬ᙕρ۞‫ݧ‬ᎅΚ ȠᘜҖᒵȡ‫ޣ‬Ǵර‫׊‬ϐᒪ٣Ǵў‫۔‬ϐ‫܌‬ό૶ǴᆶϻγεϻઢፋϐᎩ 56. Զёᒵ‫ޣ‬Ǵᒵϐаഢ໕ۚϐំΨǶ ! ‫ާݚ‬ਔπኄᄻ࿝ᓫρ۞‫ݧ‬ᎅΚ ϒଏೀ݅ΠǴు๊ۚၸǴவࡘѳВᆶ࠼‫ޣق‬Ǵਔइ΋٣Ϊ฽Ǵ߾ऩ Ԗ ‫ ܌‬ం ‫ق‬Ƕᑵ ฅ ౽ ВǴ‫ ܌‬ᆶ ፋ ‫ޣ‬Ǵ୤ ฽ ะ Զ ςǴᒏ ϐȠ ฽ ፋ ȡǶဃ ᙢ ୯ࡹǴϷ٣߈৐࣪Ǵࣣόඪ‫د‬इǶԿ‫ܭ‬ᛠ྽Вγεϻ㍶៉‫ޣ‬Ǵᗨ๓ ҭόటਜǴߚЗό‫ق‬ΓൾԶςǶ‫܌‬ᒵ୤ξ໔ЕጬǴ౗ཀፋᏖǴόᛠ Γϐճ্‫ޣ‬ǹΠԿ᎘ࡅϐ‫ق‬Ǵᜧ‫܌‬όԖǴҭԖளΪ໺ᆪ‫ޣ‬Ǵ‫ځ‬໔ό 57. ૈคલᙤǶаϐࣁ‫ق‬Ǵ߾ࣗ‫ڒ‬ǴаϒࣁคཀΪ‫ق‬ёΨǶ ! ᐊ‫܂‬փ୲᠏᧢‫ګ‬षᄎ‫س‬੒ᐋ૿ᄅធࠃढΔ໑‫ܩ‬ԫూΕ‫ח‬Գณ੺ԫၲऱᐊ‫܂‬ ‫ޗ‬றΖൕା‫ݚ‬࿝ಖ‫܂‬୮‫ࠐݧ‬઎ΔୡաୡԳբ‫ګ‬੡ԫጟᐊ‫܂‬ଅ௛Ζᇷறࠐᄭ 44. ʻା ʼૃ ㈂ ᐷ Δπ ႆ ᝘ ֖ ᤜ ρ ʻ‫ ࠇ ק‬Κ խ ဎ ஼ ‫ ݝ‬Δ 1985 ‫ ִ ڣ‬լ ᇡ )Δ ଄ 1Ζ Ղ ௧ ‫ ײ‬ᤄ ‫ נ‬ठ ष ᒳΔ π‫ݚ‬ց࿝ಖ՛ᎅՕᨠρ τ ូ ‫ ض‬ᙕ ۞ ‫ ݧ‬υʻՂ ௧ΚՂ ௧ ‫ ײ‬ᤄ ‫ נ‬ठ षΔ2007 ‫ ڣ‬3 ִ )Δ ଄ 602Ζ 46 ʻ‫ ݚ‬ʼާ ਔ ᐷ Δ ‫ ׆‬ႆ ն ‫ ׌‬ᒳ Δπ ኄ ᄻ ࿝ ᓫ ρ ‫ گ‬ᙕ ࣍ π ᆄ ‫ ֮ ڶ‬஄ ㄅ ૞ ρ ʻ‫ ק ؀‬Κ ‫ ؀‬᨜ ೸ ೭ ஼ ‫ ݝ‬Δ 1065 ‫ ڣ‬2 ִ )Δ ଄ 3Ζ 45. 15.

(26) ੷۟ਢᔸ৥հߢΕႚፊઃ੡‫شױ‬ΔՈ‫ױ‬઎‫נ‬ᐊ‫܂‬փ୲᝟‫׈ٻ‬ঋ֏Ζ ࣔ‫ࢁ്ז‬πຯോኄᖋρ‫ࠩ༼ݧ‬Κ εԢаࠄǴΥ໳߷ǵቆ࠼ǵᆤՊǵզπǴ౥ᆫ‫ځ‬ᚴǶЪᎁਔϼѳǴ ੇϣਖӼǴԴΓৎᓪߑǴԖ༜ߜԣ‫ݡ‬ϐയǴЕѩǵẴ࿴ǴྃΕ⫳а ίीǴаࡺରᚊǵᖉᡳǵϤറǵᜌ⮩ǵቸถǵቄٜፏ‫מ‬ǴԴΓҭᜧ 58. όࣁǶ ! ‫ڇ‬ୡᑗհ؆Δ઎‫נ‬࿝ಖ࿇୶ࠩඡࣔΔֆ‫ڜ‬੔്ࢁኙ‫س‬੒៎‫ړ‬હ৵Δຘ᥻‫נ‬ լ‫ٵ‬ԫ౳Գऱ‫س‬੒঴࠺ፖᢌ๬ᦸᓾΔ࢏ᥛԱπࣟࡕ‫ࣥݳ‬ρሏಖၳᔞ՛঴ऱ ‫އ‬ൣൣᡖፖᢌ๬ᐉભᣂࣹΖ ‫׼‬؆ԫֱ૿ΔࠩԱ‫זݚ‬հ৵Δ࿝ಖ‫܂‬੡‫׾إ‬հ؆Δ‫׾‬றऱࠐᄭΔՈ‫ױ‬ ߠࠩ‫זݚ‬࿝ಖ‫ृ܂‬Δ‫ڶ‬რᢝല࿝ಖ‫܂‬੡ᇖ‫׾‬Δ‫ݚ‬ᤕ᠐‫ڇ‬ցฤԲ‫ࢬڣ‬೚πᚊ ՟ܑ‫ݳ‬ρ‫ݧ‬མ༼ࠩΚ ϒԃஒϖΜǴଆԾ౧ᇻǴ‫ـ܌‬ර‫׊‬ᒪԴኧΓԶςǴӵኻ໚Ϧ҉‫ژ‬ǵ ஭ϦӼၰࣣ΋Ш଻ΓǴ᝵η৒ǵቅଅРറᏢம᛽ǴҭёаӜШǴϒ ۩ᕇᆶϐ‫ڬ‬௽Ǵ᠋‫܌ځ‬ፎᇥǴࡕғԖόᆪ‫خޣ‬ǶଅР჋ᆶϒჹ‫๋ޔ‬ ᔇ ሙ ΠǴൃ ฅ ϼ ৲ ГǺȨ ϒ ΋ Β Γ ԝǴ߻ ‫ ق‬۳ Չ ∖ ྐ ό ၩ ‫خ‬Ƕ։ व ૈ ૶ ϐ Ǵ ۘ Ԗ ໺ Ψ Ƕ ȩ 59! ᤕ᠐Պඡ‫ڣ‬რലᅝཛᑛၺ‫࠸ة‬Ε്‫ڜ‬ሐΕᤕ՗୲ΕᏥಥ‫׀‬࿛Գऱ૿ᎎΕࠃ ᠌Δႚ ࿯ ৵ ԳΔ‫ ڶ‬რ ᢝ ऱ ᐷ ૪ ᅝ ‫ ז‬Գ ढ ଅ ᒤ ࣍ ࿝ ಖ հ խΔឈ լ ੡ ࡴ ֱ ‫ ࡴ ׾‬Δ Ո೚੡৵Գᎁᢝ‫ݚ‬Գऱᇖ‫׾׾‬றΖ ‫ૃݚ‬᠜πࣟសಖࠃρ۞‫ݧ‬Δ༼‫࢏נ‬ᥛା‫ז‬࿝ಖ‫܂‬੡ᇖ‫׾‬ऱ壄壀Κ ϒ჋ᆶঅȠঞўȡǴ‫ـ‬ঞϐγΓ๱ਜаॊ྽ਔϐ٣ǴࡕኧԭԃǴԖ ёԵ҅‫ࣗޣ‬ӭǶԶ߈жаٰᇂ‫خ׆‬ǴோླྀЎϦȠፋलȡǵኻ໚҉‫ژ‬ ȠᘜҖᒵȡǴฅӚ૶‫܌‬ᆪǴԶۘԖᅅౣ‫ޣ‬Ƕϒࡽᖴ٣ǴВ‫ۚ܌ܭ‬ϐ 47 48. ʻࣔ ʼ് ࢁ ᐷ Δπ ຯ ോ ኄ ᖋ ρ ʻ‫ ࠇ ק‬Κ խ ဎ ஼ ‫ ݝ‬Δ 1985 ‫ ִ ڣ‬լ ᇡ )Δ ଄ 1Ζ ʻ‫ ݚ‬ʼᤕ ᠐ ᐷ Δ ঒ ࡲ ᖆ រ ீ Δπ ᚊ ՟ ܑ ‫ ݳ‬ρΔ ‫ گ‬ᙕ ࣍ π ᖵ ‫ ׾ ז‬ற ࿝ ಖ ហ ‫ ע‬ρ ʻ‫ ࠇ ק‬Κ խ ဎ ஼ ‫ ݝ‬Δ 1982 ‫ ڣ‬4 ִ *Δ ଄ 67Ζ. 16.

(27) ܿᗿǴᐪ֤ӭཨǴଓᏫᓔሙύǴϷӧ٪வਔҬෞᇟ‫ق‬Ǵᆶϻٚ߫໺ ᇥǴӢ ᝪ ໣ ϐǴҞ ࣁȠ ܿ ᗿ ૶ ٣ ȡǶ‫ ځ‬ါ ϐ Γ γ ᆶ ‫ ځ‬॥ ‫ ࣁ ނ‬ന ၁ ‫ ޣ‬Ǵ ҭԸҞϐዕΨǶԿऩଲઓფΝǴ౗ԏᒵԶόᒪϐ‫ޣ‬Ǵᇂ‫ځڗ‬Ԗ‫ܭי‬ Γ Ը Ƕ 5:! ‫ڶ‬რயऄାԳထ஼ಖᅝழհࠃΔ৵ᑇ‫ृإەױڶڣۍ‬Ζٍਢ‫ڶृ܂‬რᢝല ࿝ಖᏝଖհԫΔ‫܂‬੡‫׾‬றࠐ઎ৱΖ ࢬ ‫ ڇ א‬π ؄ ஄ ٤ ஼ ᜔ ‫ ؾ‬Η ‫ ׾‬ຝ ᜔ ඖ ρΚ Ե‫د‬ৎ૶ၩǴோֺܴ‫ٿ‬жࣁӭǶᇂֺܴΓࣣӳ᝼ፕǴ᝼ፕ౦߾ߐЊ ϩǴߐЊϩ߾ܻលǴܻលҥ߾ৱ࡜่Ƕৱ࡜ࡽ่Ǵள‫߾ד‬௨ᔒ‫ܭ‬ර 61 ‫׊‬Ǵόள‫߾ד‬а฽Ꮐ࣬ൔൺǶ‫ځ‬ύࢂߚᜬॹǴሥҭᅞ᠋Ƕ !. ؄஄塢‫ࣹ۝‬რࠩ‫ݚ‬Գኙᅝ‫ז‬ਙए‫۞ڶ‬ᤚΕଡܑऱ࿇ᜢΔឈྥ᤻ञਢૹ૞ऱ ᖄ‫־‬ᒵࡉ໌‫܂‬೯ᖲΔ‫܀‬ਢᤕ᠐πᚊ՟ܑ‫ݳ‬ρՈਐ‫׾إֱࡴנ‬ᓵࡳհ؆ऱߏ ԳߠᇞΔ‫܂ױ‬੡ࠐ۞ॺࡴֱऱᇖ‫׾׾‬றΖ. รքᆏ  ࿝ಖ՛ᎅᄗ࢚ऱ੺ࡳ. ‫א‬࿝ಖ՛ᎅᨠរ੡խ֨‫ٻ‬؆ឩ୶Δรԫᐋ੡֮ߢ՛ᎅΔรԲᐋ٦ො። ᙟ࿝‫ڤݮ‬ऱ࿝ಖΖՂ௧‫ײ‬ᤄ‫נ‬ठषπ‫ݚ‬ց࿝ಖ՛ᎅՕᨠρऱ‫נ‬ठᎅࣔ‫ݧ‬Κ ฽ ૶ λ ᇥ ࢂ ‫ ࡰ ݱ‬΋ Ϫ Ҕ Ў ‫ ق‬ਜ ቪ ‫܁ ד ޑ‬ǵ໺ ‫ڻ‬ǵᚇ ᒵǵᅥ ᆪǵ໺ ૶ ǵ ᒿ฽ϐᜪ‫ޑ‬๱բǴϣ৒ቶ‫ݱ‬ርᚇǴᖐΥϺЎӦ౛ǵරക୯‫ڂ‬ǵ૛Е ᙝങǵ॥߫҇௃ǵᏢೌԵ᛾ǵଲ‫܁‬ઓиǵ๊௃໺‫ڻ‬ǵઢ၉‫ڻ‬ፋǵຸ 62 ٣ᅥᆪ฻฻ǴӹۖϐεǴ޺ηϐ༾ǴฑླᅈҞǴ੿ࢂхᛥ࿤ຝǶ !. ࠡ৸‫ە‬ᑓ‫۞ڶࠐࠡڤ‬Ζࣔ‫઺ז‬ᚨ᧵π֟৛՞ࢪ࿝ហΗ԰ੌፃᓵՀρല՛ᎅ 49. ʻ‫ ݚ‬ʼૃ ᠜ ᐷ Δπ ࣟ ស ಖ ࠃ ρ ʻ‫ ࠇ ק‬Κ խ ဎ ஼ ‫ ݝ‬Δ 1985 ‫ ִ ڣ‬լ ᇡ )Δ ଄ 1Ζ (堚 )‫ ⨅ ة‬࿛ ᐷ Δ ‫ ׆‬ႆ ն ‫ ׌‬ᒳ Δπ ؄ ஄ ٤ ஼ ᜔ ‫ ༼ ؾ‬૞ ρΔ ร 10 ‫ ם‬45 ࠴ ʻ‫ ק ؀‬Κ ೸ ೭ ஼ ‫ ݝ‬Δ 1968 ‫ ڣ‬3 ִ )Δ ଄ 972Ζ 51 Ղ ௧ ‫ ײ‬ᤄ ‫ נ‬ठ ष ᒳΔπ ‫ ݚ‬ց ࿝ ಖ ՛ ᎅ Օ ᨠ ρʻՂ ௧ΚՂ ௧ ‫ ײ‬ᤄ ‫ נ‬ठ षΔ2007 ‫ ڣ‬3 ִ )Δ଄ 273Ζ 50. 17.

(28) ։੡քᣊΚ ΋ Г ‫܁ ד‬Ǵ Ƞཛྷઓȡ ǵ Ƞॊ౦ȡ ǵ Ƞ࠹࠻ȡ ǵ Ƞ ٘ ໚ ȡϐ ᜪ ࢂ Ψǹ΋ Г ໺ ‫ ڻ‬Ǵ Ƞ ० ᐪ ȡǵȠ ϼ ੿ ȡǵȠ ஞ ៩ ȡǵȠ ᓅ ҏ ȡϐ ᜪ ࢂ Ψǹ΋ Г ᚇ ᒵǴȠ Ш ᇥ ȡǵ Ƞ ᇟ ݅ ȡǵȠ ᅥ ‫ ق‬ȡǵȠ Ӣ ၉ ȡϐ ᜪ ࢂ Ψǹ΋ Г ᘀ ፋǴȠ ৒ ᗿ ȡǵȠ ფ ྛ ȡǵ Ƞ ܿ ‫ ك‬ȡǵȠ ၰ ξ ȡϐ ᜪ ࢂ Ψǹ΋ Г ᒣ ुǴȠ Ⴕ ᐶ ȡǵȠ ᚊ Ի ȡǵȠ ၗ ཨ ȡǵ Ƞ ᒣ ᅪ ȡ ϐ ᜪ ࢂ Ψ ǹ ΋ Г ጅ ೕ ǴȠ ৎ ૽ ȡǵȠ Ш ጄ ȡǵȠ ᝀ ๓ ȡǵȠ ࣪ Ј ȡ ϐᜪࢂΨǶ. 63. Ոਢආ࠷‫ڼڕ‬৸ፂᑓ‫ڤ‬Δല՛ᎅီ੡ৰᐖऱᐋ૿Δਢ‫א‬ႚอ֮ߢ᧯ߓ ऱ՛ᎅΔ٦‫ٻ‬؆ឩ֗࢏‫ࠩۼ‬ᙟ࿝Ζᙟ࿝ॵ൉‫ڇ‬࿝ಖ՛ᎅࢨਢ՛ᎅऱᢰᒴΖ ٦‫ڕ‬ΔାԳᏥव༓π‫׾‬ຏΗᠧ૪ρᎁ੡Δ‫׾إڇ‬հ؆Δઃ‫ڶ‬ઌኙऱ؆ ႚ Δ ۖ Ꮵ व ༓ ᎁ ੡ ؆ ႚ ‫ ׾ إ ࡉ א ױ‬೶ ۩ Δ ࠀ ࡎ ‫ ټ‬੡ ೣ ಖ ՛ ᎅ 53 Δ ೣ ಖ ՛ ᎅ Ծ։੡ԼᣊΖൕԼᣊᎅࣔ‫ױ‬઎‫נ‬՛ᎅΕ࿝ಖٍီ੡‫׾‬հᠧੌΔࡉ‫ױ׾إ‬ᎅ യ֊ᣂᜤΔ‫܂‬੡‫׾إ‬ऱᇖ‫ך‬Κ ‫ࢬځ‬ԖΜోǺ΋ГୃइǴΒГλᒵǴΟГຽ٣ǴѤГᅥ‫ق‬ǴϖГଗ 65 ਜǴϤ Г ৎ ўǴΎ Г ձ ໺ǴΖ Г ᚇ ૶Ǵΐ Г Ӧ ౛ ਜǴΜ Г ೿ ٓ ᛛǶ !. ε ‫ ୃ ܢ‬इǵλ ᒵ ϐ ਜǴࣣ ૶ ջ В ྽ ਔ ϐ ٣Ǵ‫ ؃‬ፏ ୯ ўǴന ࣁ ჴ ᒵǶǾ Ǿ ຽ٣‫ޣ‬Ǵࣣ߻ў‫܌‬ᒪǴࡕΓ‫૶܌‬Ǵ‫؃‬ፏ౦ᇥǴࣁ੻ჴӭǶǾǾᅥ‫ق‬ ‫ޣ‬Ǵӭၩ྽ਔᒣჹǴࢬ߫ቍⷂǴঈϻኰᐒ‫ޣ‬ᙖࣁՁᆄǴፋ၉‫ޣ‬ஒࣁ αჴǶǾǾଗਜ‫ޣ‬Ǵࣲ‫ځ‬ໂ፣Ǵऍ‫ٖځ‬௼Ǵࡼ‫ܭ‬ҁ୯ǴሥளࢬՉǴ ࿼‫ܭ‬дБǴ‫ش‬ᆪང౦ǶǾǾৎў‫ޣ‬Ǵ٣ோΟ௼Ǵ‫ق‬З΋ߐǴ҅ёՉ ‫࠻ܭ‬ৎǴᜤаኞΪٖ୯ǶǾǾձ໺‫ޣ‬ǴόрૅᖆǴߚҗᐒ‫ݏ‬Ǵ২а റߍ߻ўǴᆫԶԋਜǶ‫ځ‬Ԗ‫ى‬аཥ‫ق‬Ǵуϐձᇥ‫ޣ‬ǴᇂόၸΜ΋Զ ςǶӵჲᆪ҃ᏢϐࢬǴ߾ు‫܌‬჏ۘǶᚇ૶‫ޣ‬ǴऩፕઓиϐၰǴ߾ܺ १ ᗗ ਻Ǵё а ੻ ტ ‫ ۯ‬ԃǹᇟ ៦ Ꮆ ϐ ೼Ǵ߾ ᅽ ๓ ᅾ ాǴё а ᚵ ൾ ᝀ ๓ Ǵ ථ߾ё‫خ‬ǶӦ౛ਜ‫ޣ‬Ǵऩԙᡧ‫܌‬௦Ǵ੒‫ܭ‬ΐԀǹ㎥⹀‫܌‬ਜǴⳅ‫ܭ‬Ѥ 52. ʻࣔ ʼ઺ ᚨ ᧵ ᐷ Δπ ֟ ৛ ՞ ࢪ ࿝ ហ ρπ ᖵ ‫ ז‬࿝ ಖ ហ ‫ ע‬ρ ʻՂ ௧ Κ Ղ ௧ ஼ ࢋ ‫ נ‬ठ ष Δ 2009 ‫ ڣ‬4 ִ )Δ ଄ 282Ζ 53 ʻା ʼᏥ व ༓ ᐷΔ௥ ದ ᚊ ᤩΔ π ‫ ׾‬ຏ ຏ ᤩ ρ༼ ࠩΚೣ ಖ ՛ ᎅΔ۞ ‫ ګ‬ԫ ୮Ζۖ ౨ ፖ ‫ ׾ إ‬೶ ۩ Δ ࠡ ࢬ ‫ ߎ ࡸ ࠐ ط‬Ζ ʻ‫ ק ؀‬Κ ߺ ո ஼ ‫ ݝ‬Δ 1980 ‫ ڣ‬9 ִ )Δ ଄ 273Ζ 54 ʻା ʼᏥ व ༓ ᐷ Δ ௥ ದ ᚊ ᤩ Δπ ‫ ׾‬ຏ ຏ ᤩ ρ ʻ‫ ק ؀‬Κ ߺ ո ஼ ‫ ݝ‬Δ 1980 ‫ ڣ‬9 ִ )Δ ଄ 273Ζ. 18.

參考文獻

相關文件

The research is about the game bulls and cows, mainly discussing the guess method as well as the minimax of needed time in this game’s each situation.. The minimax of needed

Wang, Solving pseudomonotone variational inequalities and pseudocon- vex optimization problems using the projection neural network, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 17

Define instead the imaginary.. potential, magnetic field, lattice…) Dirac-BdG Hamiltonian:. with small, and matrix

Monopolies in synchronous distributed systems (Peleg 1998; Peleg

Corollary 13.3. For, if C is simple and lies in D, the function f is analytic at each point interior to and on C; so we apply the Cauchy-Goursat theorem directly. On the other hand,

Corollary 13.3. For, if C is simple and lies in D, the function f is analytic at each point interior to and on C; so we apply the Cauchy-Goursat theorem directly. On the other hand,

Basing on the observation and assessment results, this study analyzes and discusses the effects and problems of learning the polynomial derivatives on different level students

Through the modernization of the Tang and Song dynasties, Buddhism in the Song dynasty was within a “systemic society.” In response to a legitimation crisis, Tiantai Buddhism in