談話性節目、叩應與民主政治

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(1)4 e:. ~. ~. 1m. ~~. -!liot,.,, 111. " rerry callS KeVlew 'Overdue'," The Japan Times, April 16, 1996, pp. 3-4.. :WH=l §" Ibid. , p. 3. :W K:lK:l .. "Making the Security Alliance Work," op. cit., p.20.. • :. Etsujiro, "Okinawa's 20th Reversion Anniver sary," op. cit., p. 152.. :W -I<O" Coss a, op. cit., p. 6. :W-I< I .. James R. Lilley and Chuck Downs, "How To. :it. •. ~. ilK. •. III:. " ~. Ilt1. ~. 00. l!!V1. 00. •. + "III:. 1. ¥i<. ~ ~. ... :II. "" tIE. ),!;:. .... "". !$II. oN. W. •. I(. II!! :W. Support the Japan-U.S. Alliance," The Asian Wall Street Journal, April 16, 1996, p. 8.. lIBiHlf;lQ ' ~ 1tl~1I1:!'~-:d ~ • ~~£!Sr$:.* ~S ~~ . ~~~~~ ~ ~~. •• ~ ~~ · ~~~~.~S~~~~~ + ~. S .~o. ·. ~4_.*~ S.~ ·~ ~. ~~ ~~S ~.~ ~~_ ~ ~~~.*C $. C1. •••. ~. *'~ ( 1mH ;.::t ~ ~!!-K .~ II![~~~). China Post , April 16, 1996, p. 2; Cos sa, op.. :ttHR -I( .. "Washington Scales Back Bases in Japan," The. iI~. i(~. It\<. Alia. ~. ~.~.~~*~*. ~~~S~M_ ~ ~~ ·~ .~ S S. "*·'I>< ~~~~*.S~~«-~~:v.t~~1iiI.

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(18) 1II. I. '". t&t~~~~~l!!!l'-fm. ~ -~E~~~oW~$~£~( . )&~- ~. presentation on television talk shows," Public. ers, experts, or public servants? Politicans'self. 0. I+. 0 .. A. Calabrese &. elec tronic democracy in the United States: re. thinking communication and soci al policy,". Media Culture & Society, Vol. 18, No.2 (1996),. pp. 249-268.. 2 (November 1993), pp. 328-336.. American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 37, No.. friendly. The lessons of 1992 and beyond,". :I;I;l ! I I .. D. A. Graber, "Making campaign news user. :I;I;l] 1 .. Herbst, op. cit., p. 268.. :l;jj ). :l;jj~ .. Ibid.. ~NI I +<~It:~~~fiI. 0. Communication , Vol. 12 (1995), pp. 211-221.. I ~i1>~~~ ~£{ji:r2~ J. ~ ~ )·t:H!t- gr ~ I. Mark Borchert, "Prospects for. ~N+~~ 1~~llEf.:!t:~~ ~ 1;l:1J '-aRfm~ N + ~I~. *' I. :l;I;i II I .. ~~W:~~~~~41it~J@;~£$:;:g £~i:!:l ~Im~. -K ~ ~ - ~!it !iHll1I Ici' ~\ o. gr' ~ m~~~. '.~~~.~~~~~£~. a-. 0. ~. - ftm;. $ I. - [!Ji~ < + I 1ZIt). :(,tjgr .. tE ~~m~1iI[ - 1 ~~~Zltgr~ I l+grm :(,tjJ.8 .. jU~W - 1 ~il& ffil(~~ . ~ N ~nnM1ffil(IiffHEJ - ~ 0. *~ji~~ ~!;~ tIJ!r; __$. fil~. (~o~ .. ~:7;i. ••. J.8 111. :l;I;i,l( •• ~;U III - • ••. ~O.ijt~4[J• • •~.~*WH-It(. (~o~ .. ~o ~. expertise and scheme use: Evidence from po. :l;jj 1 111 .. S. T. Fiske & D.R. Kinder, "Involvement, :l;jj-tJ .. Edward Horowitz, "Talk show politics: The. litical cognition," in N. Cantor & J.F.. 0. match that rekindles American democracy?". Kihstrom, eds., Personality. CORnitioll and. :7;i~~~ ~ ~-[!Ji~<+grZlt). paper presented to Association for Education in. Social inte rac tion (Lawrence Erlba um, 19811;. :I;I;l 1. •. ~. it. ~. 1+1. ~. at(. ..a:. en. lIIi. :. -. 1. i. 00. + lftR " III:. lli. 00. '". at(. II!. III:. iF. ". <.. D. Smillie, " Insiders' Guide to Campaign Cov. iii I<. 1995 ; Horowitz, op. cit.. the Intemational Communication Association,. Communication & Technology Division of. litical Campaigns," paper presented to the. An Agend a (or 'New Media' Research in Po. :l;tl. I -tJ .. Erik. Page Bucy. "Where Inte ractivily R es ides:. D . A. Graher. Proce .u/lIl: TIll' New.\': Ho w Pea. gr .. David Domke & Dhavan Shah, "Conceptions. (Longman, Inc, 1988).. pie Tame the Information Tide. 2rd edition. Journal and Mass Communication, 1993 .. 1. <.. ~!!jg;~+l 1[: 1,\)ill[I~nr--!IllA s trid Schilz, "Entertain :l;jj. ~. of salience: their roles in voters' information process of issue milieus," presented to The Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, 77th Convention,. erage, in the Media and Campaign '92--A Se-.

(19) 0. ,*,, _ _. ).g 111. .:o:;(1IIo! U. ''1 TT --. ~*. ~. l.t[;lli!I!" -r-I I ~}. ~. tIill.. (40*f " 40.. :WK .. Ij!§'~ 111 ~ • • •*~ii~~;q!!~!IJ!~~~ 1~ 0. ~0.ijf~4[l• • •!ll.~*w fte(. :j!;i.~{~.~ ~ ~llIi-<+~Htt-). mI. I I " D. A. Graber, "Making campaign news user. friendly. The lessons of 1992 and beyond,". American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 37, No.. :l!!. ++1. T. Fiske & D.R. Kinder, "Involvement,. 2 (November 1993), pp. 328-336.. :W 1 Ii 1 .. S.. expertise and scheme use: Evidence from po. •. an. ~. lBi(. Ill:'(. litical cognition," in N. Cantor & J.F.. ~. match that rekindles American democracy?". Kihstrom, eds., Personality, CORnition and. f!. l!i. lti. •. II!. D. A. Graber. Processin!? the News: How Peo. Erik Page Buey, "Where Interactivity Resides:. ~ ~. I. "". .J. An Agenda for 'New Media' Research in Po. + ~ 'at:"'. litjcal Cam paigns," paper presented to the . Communication & Technology Division of . l!r. Dhavan Shah, "Conceptions. of salience: their roles in voters' information. the International Communication Association, . I gr .. David Domke &. (Longman, Inc, 1988).. pte Tame the Information Tide, 2rd edition. -< .. ~m :a;! -t1 ~ -N jIlIT $IIllJ"">.ffiIAstrid Sehiiz, "Entertain. paper presented to Association for Education in. 1 ~ --. Social interaction (Lawrence Erlbaum, 1981);. :/;i;l.. Journal and Mass Communication, 1993.. :W -tJ .. Edward Horowitz, "Talk show politics : The. :!Jj. ~W. process of issue milieus," presented to The. 1995; Horowitz, op. cit. . :W 1-< .. D. Smillie, "Insiders' Guide to Campaign Cov. '~"'. Ill:'(. 00. •'". 00. Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, 77th Convention,. :ttl I ~ .. Smillie, op. cit . :W 110 .. D. D. Mayers, "New Technology and th e 1992. •. ~. •. 11K. at: iii. ries of Special Election Reports: The Finish. erage, in the Media and Campaign '92--A Se. :W 1 ).g .. D. J. Lanoue, "One that made a difference. Line: Covering the Campaign's Final Days,". 1994.. Cognitive consistency, political knowledge. NY:. in the 1988 presidential election: did the de. Clinton presidential campaign," American. The Freedom Forum Media Studies. and the 1980 Presidential debate," Public. Center, 1993, p. 16.. bates and the media matter," Journalism. Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 37, No.2 (Novem. " D. Drew & David Weaver, "Voter Learning. Opinion Quarterly, 56 (1992) ,pp. 168-1 84.. :W 1 1(. Quarterly, 68 (1991), pp. 27-37; Lori Melton. ber 1993), pp. 181-187.. :(.;ij'1 1 ·'Ibid.. McKinnon, John C. Tedesco & Lynda Lee Kaid, "The Effect of Presidential Debates:. :ttl' I' 1.. Bob Dole, American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 37, No.2 (1993).. Channel and Commentary Comparisons," pa per presented at AEJMC, 1993..

(20) 40. ~. ~ II:. Inside the Beltway: Perspectives on Campaign. 1(1996), pp. 127-132; Robert Lichter, "From. with Marvin Kalb," Press/Politics, Vol. 1, No.. Campaign: President Bill Chton interview. 1.Ij 111 I1.. Marvin Kalb, "The Press and Presidential. bates matter," Journalis m Quarterly , 72. tion: Did the ' Nontraditional' media and de. "Voter Learning in the 1992 Presidential Elec. AEJMC, 1995; D. Weaver, & Daw Drew,. dential Campaign," paper presented at. ....; ~ ~~ .. r :!:l~~o tr~~ Iili~~~ .mK~~tIil~~HE. toI:~ ~~ .p(fii. 1< .. Horowitz, op. cit .. (1995), pp. 7 -17.. :/;l;l l. '96," Press/Politics, Vol. 1, No.1 (1996), pp.. 3-6.. 1.Ij I I gr .. Herbst, op. cit .; Diane Rehm, "A Tower of Babel: Talk Shows and Politics," Press/Poli tics, Vol. 1, No.1 (1996),138-142.. • i. §R ([j£ ~<+gr Zt!-) • ~1<. ~ ~:W~t:~~ ~'-~[j£~<+ II PtH[JJ!~!J¢( ~.\!l&'. i. :/;l;l ll H=l .. Armstrong & Rabin , 1989.?. II ~. ~J. 0. N~ $(+~ . r~.~~ , ~[j£~~ffiK $5 ~-< .\lt~ J. ~.H~ ~ -H-'~. . ~. I$~ .. :/;l;l li-l( .. J.E. Newhagen, "Self-Efficacy and Call-in Po litical Television Show Use," Communication Research, Vol. 21, No.3 (1994), pp. 366-379 .. 0. ' ~%t!ll\.~ J. .. ~~ ~ .~~ . ~~.- ~~ ~~~ • • ~$.[j£ ~. 0. ( ~a *?·· P.:1 -H- • [j£ !m< + I IZt!- ) . f!Il(. 1 f§-~ -R. <+ H=l.t!t-. \m(lli-i f1t11 1]- +. ~~~.ilamK ~.. M~~~ ~· r ~ !l1lSi%<· ~~ GR. Re's earch Convention, 1993; Laura Waluszko,. (~~ffa~mll@~+3DI). iK 11 ~ ~ -11j. a. Their Impact on the Public in the 1992 Pres i. "Radio and Television Call-in Shows and. the Midwest Association for Public Opinion. Presidential Campaign," paper presented to. :I;l;l l i-tJ .. Meiling Jow., "Talk Show Politics on the 1992. ~. .~IKOI.ilgJitiltDl. •. ~. :j; ~. II!:(. +Ii. !BK. a. t::L. •. Ie. l:li. iii :iii. ~ &. ~. 1. .. 00. + " m:. l!t. '". Ill{. ill. 00. '-... ex:. ~. ..

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