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高雄醫學大學 102 學年度 研究所碩士班 招生考試

系所:護理學系碩士班-進階婦幼護理組

科目:產兒科護理學

請務必於試卷紙上作答,違者該科不於計分。 1. 請定義分娩過程中的四個產程,並說明在這四個產程中護理人員的角色與職責?(20%) 2. 身為產後病房的護理人員,每天除了必須偵測產婦的生命徵象之外,還應該進行哪些評估?(16%) 3. 在臨床上,哪些病患或家庭應該接受遺傳諮詢?(16%) 4. 新生兒的成熟度評估項目包括哪些?而這些評估項目在足月兒與早產兒有哪些差異?(28%) 5. 下列一篇護理研究論文:「氣喘態度、社會影響與自我效能對氣喘青少年自我管理意向之影響」的摘要,請閱讀 之後予以評論。(20 分) 為了探討氣喘青少年的自我管理意向,以及其相關預測因子,本研究採用氣喘態度、社會影響和自我效能模式作 為研究架構。以高雄 34 所市立國民中學之氣喘學生為母群體,以隨機集束抽樣選取七所國中的學生為研究樣本進 行施測,完成有效問卷共 204 份。研究結果發現青少年的氣喘態度、社會影響和自我效能分別與疾病自我管理意 向具顯著正相關;過去一年曾住院者與疾病自我管理意向具統計負相關,而青少年氣喘疾病自我管理意向的重要 預測因子為氣喘態度、社會影響、自我效能、以及過去一年有住院者,可解釋之總變異量為 39.7%。本研究結果 可以提供臨床醫護人員與學校護理人員在促進氣喘青少年對於疾病自我管理的參考,以及未來介入性研究的基礎 及方向。

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高雄醫學大學 102 學年度 研究所碩士班 招生考試

系所:護理研究所

科目: 內外科護理學

請務必於試卷紙上作答,違者該科不於計分。 一、 張先生, 53 歲,目前獨居,患有糖尿病 15 年,近一年來 HBA1C 都在 9-11%之間,血壓都在 160-180/100-120mmHg 之間;日前被醫師診斷為慢性腎臟病(CKD)第三期。請說明糖尿病腎病變 (diabetic nephropathy)的疾病機轉(15%)及其照護措施(15%)。 二、 請從生命倫理的觀點,提出你個人對重症末期病患撤除(withdraw)或 不施予(withhold)維生治療(例如:透析治療、呼吸器治療‧‧‧等)之看法。(15%) 三、 請從你的專科領域(例如:腎臟、心臟、骨科,癌症‧‧‧等)之臨床照護經驗,舉出一個(急)待解決的問題。 (A)請明確陳述問題,並提出為什麼你認為此問題(急)待解決,其支持性資料為何? (15%) (B)請就上述你個人所列舉的問題,應用實證照護(evidence-based practice)的概念, 提供此問題的照護措施。 (10%) 四、陳女士,42 歲,與先生及二位就讀國中的小孩同住,夫妻倆工作皆不穩定,家庭經濟狀況只能溫飽。 入院被診斷為第 IIIa 期乳癌,三日前剛進行改良式根除性乳房切除術。病理與血液相關檢驗報告為:

腺癌,estrogen receptor (-), HER 2 過度表現(IHC3+),腋下淋巴結未受到侵犯。醫師告知除了接受化學、 放射線治療外,也可考慮加上自費 Trastuzumab(Herceptin)治療;陳女士對自費治療感到猶豫,

您是主負責之護理師,請就上述背景資料,回答下列問題: (A)如何與陳女士討論出院計畫?(10%)

(B) 請就陳女士的問題,說明您要如何檢索實證性資料將之應用於照護?(10%) (C)請提出陳女士出院後之持續性照護計畫? (10%)

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高雄醫學大學 102 學年度 研究所碩士班 招生考試

系所:護理學系碩士班-進階社區護理組

科目:

社區衛生護理學

請務必於試卷紙上作答,違者該科不於計分。

一、 在急性醫療照護體系中,有長期照護需求的老年病患,出院前應透過什麼機制?可

以在回到社區的家中,仍能獲得持續性的照護,並闡述這兩個單位主要的服務重

點。(20%)

二、 國民健康局推動「癌症篩檢」的意義為何?目前篩檢的癌症有哪些?社區衛生護理人

員應如何在初段預防和次段預防的部份,進行防治措施?(30%)

三、 請闡述理想的長期照護體系應具備哪些特色?(20%)

四、 「社區健康營造」與「健康城市」的目標有何不同?其內涵又有何相同(即推動成

功的關鍵為何)?國內有哪幾類的單位在推動「社區健康營造」? WHO 所認證的健

康城市,涵蓋哪幾大類指標?(30%)

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高雄醫學大學 102 學年度 研究所碩士班 招生考試

系所:護理學系碩士班

科目: 護理行政與管理

請務必於試卷紙上作答,違者該科不於計分。

考生注意事項:

1. 下列申論題,第一題為必答題佔 60%;另請於第二及第三題中選答一題佔 40%。

2. 考試時間 90 分鐘,請儘量發揮。

一、 近年來媒體大肆報導血汗醫院、五大皆空、醫療崩壞等議題,請說說您對這些議題的看法,並

就管理五大功能論述具體可行的因應策略。

二、 病人安全已成為醫療機構最重要的品質管理指標,無效溝通是臨床上最常見造成病人安全異常

事件的導因,請舉例說明並論述醫療實務上促進有效溝通的具體策略。

三、 試論述「文化」對護理行政與管理的影響與因應之道。

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高雄醫學大學 102 學年度 研究所碩士班 招生考試

系所:護理學系碩士班-進階精神衛生護理組

科目: 精神科及心理衛生護理學

請務必於試卷紙上作答,違者該科不於計分。

1. 請寫出五個關於自殺問題的迷思和真相。(15%)

2. 請寫出五個心理防衛機轉並舉例說明。(15%)

3. 請說明生理回饋的學理基礎,應用方式和預期效果。(10%)

4. 個案男性 34 歲,因在居家社區攻擊家人及路人後,被警察送到急診室,經醫師診斷後強制入院。

請簡述您如何為個案進行暴力危險程度的評估。(20%)

5. 「護理人員本身即為治療性工具」,請您應用理論闡述這句話在精神科護理實務中的意義和應

用。(20%)

6. 請您閱讀附件文章(黃、馬、陳,2003)後,參酌該文章的前言與文獻查證,及研究結果與討

論,提出您認為精神科護理人員對病人執行約束醫囑時,應有哪些倫理考量?您所依據的倫理理

論是什麼?(20%)

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高雄醫學大學 102 學年度 研究所碩士班 招生考試 科目: 英文 請務必於試卷紙上作答,違者該科不於計分。

I. Vocabulary: Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. (20%)

1. Having beautiful hair is such a sign of health and attractiveness, particularly for white women, because their hair tends to be very ___________, and it needs extra care.

a. cybernetic b. wasted c. fragile d. sober

2. Three Americans are among those killed in a deadly ____________ last week in Algeria to rescue hostages taken when Islamic militants overtook a gas facility.

a. raid b. inaugural c. coverage d. hug

3. Nehemiah Griego, who is 15, said he had _____________and suicidal thoughts before he grabbed a rifle from his parents’ closet and shot his mother in her head.

a. responsible b. surgical c. homewards d. homicidal

4. Priests ___________of abuse were sent away for treatment, but often only after long delays, and many cases slipped under the radar.

a. suspected b. limited c. struck d. permitted

5. The number of kids _________with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rose 24 percent between 2001 and 2010. a. riddled b. diagnosed c. forced d. regarded

6. ____________by the Kaiser Permanente Southern California Institute, the study differs from previous ones in that it offered a comprehensive look at medical records.

a. Caused b. Remained c. tolerated d. Conducted

7. "If there are people trying to do bad stuff to our guys, then we'll take them out of the game, I suppose," he said in one of several interviews __________to the media.

a. petitioned b. emphasized c. released d. initiated

8. Two additional attackers, armed with automatic rifles, stormed the area and fought with security forces for nearly eight hours. The _________killed three police officers and all five attackers.

a. election b. assault c. regulation d. display

9. British designer Mary Katrantzou is known for her ___________prints. Now an artist has reimagined them into vivid photographs.

a. reasonable b. merciful c. brutal d. extravagant

10. While many people appeared __________ last week by the news that the Los Angeles Lakers star and his wife had dropped their divorce action, those close to the couple say this was always the inevitable end for the two.

a. stunned b. charged c. instant d. gained

II. Sentence Completion: Choose the word that best completes the sentence (10%)

11. Hard work can make ___________for a lack of intelligence. a. down b. in c. up d. out 12. A number of questions came _______________at the meeting. a. of b. X c. for d. up

13. The drowning man called __________vain for help. a. in b. X c. at d. for

14. In __________of his youth, the police have decided not to continue with the case against him. a. find b. view c. note d. think

15. Guess who I bumped ________ today? It was Michael! a. on b.into c. at d. for

III. Cloze Test: Choose the best answer for each missing word or phrase in the following passages (20%)

The Holkham Hebrew Bible, in a show of Jewish books and documents from the Bodleian Library in Oxford, now on view at the Jewish Museum in New York. The book was printed in Naples in 1491/2, by one Joshua Solomon Soncino. Not only is it___16_____, but it’s poignant as well. The hand-colored decoration shows how fully its maker______17______, and

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this same time, Jews _____18________ in vast numbers from Spain and were confined to ghettos in Italy. The _____19_____ and segregation made no cultural sense, but that didn’t stop it _____20_____.

16. a. gorilline b. gorger c. gorgeously d. gorgeous

17. a. was immersing b.immersing c. was immersed in d. immerse 18. a. were being expelled b. expel c. was expelled d. was expelling 19. a. persecute to b. persecution c. persecute d. persecuting

20. a. from happening b. happen c. happened d. on happening

The foursome ____21______ a fishing expedition over the holidays and were headed back to Italy to start the new year. Missoni was expected to attend men’s fashion week in Milan this week, but his plane disappeared from radar shortly

______22_______from the island. At first glance, the _____23_____seems like a standard air-to-sea accident, but the Missoni family is not yet ready to give up hope. “A plane ____24______ in this way, on a short route, without leaving any trace,” Missoni’s 28-year-old son Ottavio told an Italian newspaper last week. “I _____25 _____ that the least plausible reason is that they crashed into the water.”

21. a. have b. had been on c. had been d. have been on

22. a. of taking b. after taking c. after take off d. after taking off 23. a. disappeared b. disappears c. disappearance d. disappear

24. a. cannot vanish b. is to vanish c. should vanish d. could be vanished 25. a. remain convinced b. convinced c. cannot convince d. am convince

IV. Written Expression: Identify the underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct (14%).

26. a)The Los Angeles City Council voted b) unanimous last fall to c) build a new football stadium d) in the heart of downtown. 27. Experts say a) sports teams rarely b) regulate cities the economic growth c) that is initially d) expected.

28. 2012 has been a)an ‘awful’ year b)for c)major Wall Street companies, so what should we d)impact in 2013? 29. a)Bonus and salaries b)have been cut at c)all of the big Wall Street d)firms.

30. a)Instead just b)searching for content that already has its own page c)on Facebook—think fan pages, groups, or events— Graph Search will d)allow users to make much more specific searches.

31. Google’s a)big shift in search has been to move away from b)display links and letting users c)go on their way and answer more questions d)directly through information in the Google universe.

32. a)It was an b)audaciously political speech, a statement of personal and c)partisan principle, d)rather the expected broad bipartisan outreach.

V. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answers to the following questions (36%)

The word euthanasia is of Greek origin and literally means “a good death.” The American Heritage Dictionary defines it as “the act of killing a person painlessly for reasons of mercy.” Such killing can be done through active means, such as

administering a lethal injection, or by passive means, such as withholding medical care or food and water.

In recent years in the United States, there have been numerous cases of active euthanasia in the news. They usually involve the deliberate killing of ill or incapacitated persons by relatives or friends who plead that they can no longer bear to see their loved ones suffer. Although such killings are a crime, the perpetrators are often dealt with leniently by our legal system, and the media usually portrays them as compassionate heroes who take personal risks to save another from unbearable suffering.

The seeming acceptance of active forms of euthanasia is alarming, but we face a bigger, more insidious threat from passive forms of euthanasia. Every year, in hospitals and nursing homes around the country, there are growing numbers of documented deaths caused by caregivers withholding life-sustaining care, including food and water, from vulnerable patients who cannot speak for themselves.

While it is illegal to kill someone directly, for example with a gun or knife, in many cases the law has put its stamp of approval on causing death by omitting needed care. Further, many states have “living will” laws designed to protect those who withhold treatment, and there have been numerous court rulings which have approved of patients being denied care and even starved and dehydrated to death.

Because such deaths occur quietly within the confines of hospitals and nursing homes, they can be kept hidden from the public. Most euthanasia victims are old or very ill, so their deaths might be attributed to a cause other than the denial of care that really killed them. Further, it is often relatives of the patient who request that care be withheld. In one court case, the court held that decisions to withhold life-sustaining care may be made not only by close family members but also by a number of

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third parties, and that such decisions need not be reviewed by the judicial system if there is no disagreement between decision makers and medical staff. The court rules that a nursing home may not refuse to participate in the fatal withdrawal of food and water from an incompetent patient.

33. As used in paragraph 1, which is the best definition of “lethal”?

a. proceeding in a gradual, subtle way b. referring to the effect or influence of one person, thing, or action c. sufficient to cause death d. referring to promptness or speed in doing something

34.As mentioned in paragraph 2, “the perpetrators are often dealt with leniently by our legal system” because

a. the perpetrators are committing a crime b. the perpetrators are willing to stop their loved ones’ pain and bear the risk of being charged with killing c. the perpetrators are heroes who are filled with compassion and portrayed by the media d. the perpetrators involve the deliberate killing of ill or incapacitated persons

35. In paragraph 3, one faces “a bigger, more insidious threat from passive forms of euthanasia” since

a. caregivers use active forms of euthanasia b. that caregivers withholding life-sustaining care is easier than using active forms of euthanasia c. food and water can involve in the deliberate killing of ill d. vulnerable patients accepts passive forms of euthanasia

36. In paragraph 4, “put its stamp of approval on” can be rewritten as

a. have or express an unfavorable opinion about something b. have the same characteristics or qualities as c. be grateful for something d. officially agree to or accept as satisfactory

37. The author maintains that death by withholding care is A. largely confined to hospitals

B. difficult to prove if prosecuted C. often requested by family members D. approved by living wills

38. The attitude of the author can best be described as

a. objective b. partial c. passionate d. macaber 39. To conclude, euthanasia is a kind of

a. Greek death b. dehydrated death c. merciful death d. unbearable suffering

In his thought-provoking work, Philosophical Investigations, Ludwig Wittgenstein uses an easily conceptualized scenario in an attempt to clarify some of the problems involved in thinking about the mind as something over and above the behaviors that it produces. Imagine, he says, that everyone has a small box in which they keep a beetle. No one is allowed to look in anyone else’s box, only in their own. Over time, people talk about what is in their boxes and the word “beetle” comes to stand for what is in everyone’s box.

Through this curious example, Wittgenstein attempts to point out that the beetle is very much like an individual’s mind; no one can know exactly what it is like to be another person or experience things from another’s perspective—look in someone else’s “box”—but it is generally assumed that the mental workings of other people’s minds are very similar to that of our own (everyone has a “beetle” which is more or less similar to everyone else’s). However, it does not really matter—he argues— what is in the box or whether everyone indeed has a beetle, since there is no way of checking or comparing. In a sense, the word “beetle”—if it is to have any sense or meaning—simply means “what is in the box”. From this point of view, the mind is simply “what is in the box”, or rather “what is in your head”.

Wittgenstein argues that although we cannot know what it is like to be someone else, to say that there must be a special mental entity called a mind that makes our experiences private, is wrong. His rationale is that he considers language to have meaning because of public usage. In other words, when we talk of having a mind—or a beetle—we are using a term that we have learned through conversation and public discourse (rooted in natural language). The word might be perceived differently in each of our minds, but we all agree that it signifies something; this allows us to develop language for talking about

conceptualizations like color, mood, size and shape. Therefore, the word “mind” cannot be used to refer specifically to some entity outside of our individualized conception, since we cannot see into other people’s boxes.

40. According to the last paragraph, “the word “mind” cannot be used to refer specifically to some entity outside of our individualized conception” because

a. there is no way of checking or comparing what is going on in another person’s mind b. Wittgenstein’s rationale is that a mind makes our experiences private

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d. the word “mind” is an easily conceptualized scenario

41. Wittgenstein would most likely disagree with which of the following statements? A. It is impossible to know another person’s thoughts.

B. The mind is a special mental substance.

C. The color green may actually look different to everybody.

D. Words do not always accurately represent the things they symbolize.

42. As used in paragraph 3, which is the best definition or synonym for discourse? A. information given via the senses of sight or hearing

B. engagement C. announcement

D. written or spoken communication

43. In paragraph 3, since a “word might be perceived differently in each of our minds” a. it is impossible for us to communicate

b. one develops conceptualizations of various objects c. one has to study philosophy

d. imagination is important in regard to thinking 44. In the first paragraph, “thought-provoking” means

a. inspiring b. frustrating c. puzzling d. applicable 45. “Beetle” refers to

a. things that are put in boxes

b. everyone indeed has an insect in his head c. the mind that is comparable to a box d. Wittgenstein’s attempt to communication

SOME sage once quipped that writing about music is about as edifying—and evocative—as dancing about architecture. Certainly most music criticism has a lifeless quality, packed with adjectives yet tuneless on the page. Yet Alex Ross, a music critic for the New Yorker, manages to stand out. His gifts as a writer are all the more impressive given that his subject tends to be the most difficult music composed in the last century, from Gustav Mahler to Steve Reich.

"The Rest is Noise", his best-selling 2007 book on the history of the 20th century through its music, is now being re-worked as a year-long music festival at the Southbank centre in London. Although Mr Ross was not involved in organising the festival, he will be giving four lectures on the history of 20th-century music.

Mr Ross spoke to The Economist about why he wrote this book in the first place, and why it is particularly hard to get contemporary audiences excited about modern music.

“It took you ten years to write “The Rest is Noise”. What was your motivation?”

“It emerged really from an obsession that I had with 20th-century music going back to my teenage years. At university I immersed myself in it very heavily with a radio show that I had. I was also studying literature and history—especially late-19th century and early-20th century period—so it all coalesced.”

“I grew up listening to classical music in the traditional sense, from Bach to Brahms. That was the world I was completely absorbed in. I really didn’t listen to any other kind of music aside from this repertory. So it was something of a shock to slowly realise that there was more to the story, and I was shocked and fascinated when my piano teacher in high school played works by Schoenberg, Berg and Bartok. I started making my way through them at the piano, and after an initial struggle, I really fell in love with the music. I was fascinated by the music itself, by the surrounding cultural and historical context, and wanted to figure out how it all fit together. So it seemed inevitable that this would be the subject.”

46. In the last paragraph, “coalesced” means

a. merge b. distribute c.confuse d. discriminate 47. Most people think that music criticism is

a. contributive b. useless c. harmful d. vivid 48. Alex Ross

a. stands out playing music in a year-long music festival b. organize music festival related to Mahler and Reich

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d. studies literature and becomes a writer of novels 49. The best synonym for “immersed” is

a. fascinated b. persuaded c. extended d. absorbed 50. According to Ross, music

a. is an independent subject that does not involve its context b. usually has a great story

c. always brings one struggle when one tries to play the piano d. is deeply related to culture and history

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