互動玩具系統開發與互動行為探討 - 政大學術集成

全文

(1)National Chengchi University Master’s Program in Digital Content & Technologies Master’s Thesis. 立. 政治大. ‧ 國. 學. System Development of Interactive Toy and Study on Behavior. ‧. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. Dr. Sheng-Chih Chen iv. n U engchi. Dr. Tsai-Yen Li Shian-Chi Meng. January 2017.

(2) National Chengchi University Master’s Program in Digital Content & Technologies Master’s Thesis. 立. 政治大. System Development of Interactive Toy and Study on Behavior. n. al. er. io. sit. y. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. Nat. Advisor: Dr. Sheng-Chih Chen. Ch. v. Dr. Tsai-Yenn iLi. engchi U. Author: Shian-Chi Meng. January 2017.

(3) 7. er. io. sit. Skinner. n. al. Ch. 3.. 4.. y. ‧. Nat. 2.. 立). 8. 學. 1.. 1. ‧ 國. (. 政治大. engchi. UCD Arduino. I. i n U. v. 3~5.

(4) ABSTRACT This study designed an English learning toy that combined the game and a new interactive experience. This aim is to integrate English learning into the context of preschoolers playing in water and use the interaction with the toy to promote the English learning process. In this study, the digital interactive toy we made that can make different combinations of action by using its hands and tail, project out the lighting patterns to express various emotions by its eyes, and play out the words and sentences of the story by the voice player. According to the above functions, the toy forms different ways of feedback. It is effective that children can develop an interest in the toy by the ways of touching and saying in the process of game playing.. 政治大. At present, this study explored the analysis of user experience, if we want to analysis the children's. 立. formal learning process, we must first understand the child's motivation and feedback after use, so that. ‧ 國. 學. it can be a foundation of the learning process in the future. Thus, the study is based on the theory of cognitive psychologists that discussed the course of early childhood learning. In order to know how to. ‧. design a suitable toy for preschoolers, this study built the prototype of the interactive toy through presenting the design principles and user experience and usability. The subjects were 8 preschoolers. y. Nat. (3-5 years of age) enrolled in the study (7 subjects in the first stage and 1 subject in the third stage).. sit. Researcher recorded the experimental procedure by the way of observing, inquired the research. n. al. Summary, the results of this research are in the following:. Ch. engchi. er. io. subjects to get their feedback by opened questions, and then digested and analyzed to the conclusion.. i n U. v. (1) Interactive learning experience: The combination of technology and the general water-playing toys. The digital interactive toy let preschoolers get a new interactive learning experience through the way of touching and speaking to emerge action, light patterns, sound and other feedback. (2) Learning motivation and exploration: Based on Skinner's operational control concept, the research has found that the toy stimulates a variety of feedback through touching and speaking of the interaction, including the story content and cards. The preschoolers in the course of the game can explore the content by themselves and learning during the process. (3) User experience and usability analysis: According to the use of five indicators to analyze the course of emotional change and user experience, the research has found that the toys easily to be operated by children and made them keep memory of the contents the toy provided. The overall use is high, II.

(5) however, compared to the interactive way of touching, the way of speaking is lower in the children’s operation. (4) Interactive toy design: The toy is based on UCD design thinking to construct interactive toy exterior design, human-computer interaction and content design. The main carrier is Arduino to build out the modular design. Keywords. Interactive toy, Preschoolers, Game, Human-Computer Interaction(HCI), Digital content,. English learning. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. III. i n U. v.

(6) 》. 》. –. –. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. す. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat 428 DCT6. The Whale. Ch. i n U. engchi. v. !. 2017. IV. 2.

(7) .................................................................................................................................................I ............................................................................................................................................... II ......................................................................................................................................................IV .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. ..................................................................................................................................... 1. 1.2. ...................................................................................................................................... 2. 1.3. 政治大 ...................................................................................................................................... 3 立 ...................................................................................................................................... 4. 1.5. ...................................................................................................................................... 4. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. 1.4. .................................................................................................................................. 6. y. Nat. io. sit. ............................................................................................................. 7. al. er. 2.1. .............................................................................................................................. 9. 2.1.2. ............................................................................................................................ 14. 2.1.3. ........................................................................................................ 20. 2.2. n. 2.1.1. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. ........................................................................................................................... 23. 2.2.1. ............................................................................................................ 24. 2.2.2. .................................................................................................................... 26. 2.3 2.3.1 2.4. ............................................................................................................................... 29 ................................................................................................................ 30 ................................................................................................................... 32 V.

(8) 2.4.1. .................................................................................................................... 32. 2.4.2. ............................................................................................................ 33. 2.5. ............................................................................................................... 36. 2.5.1. .................................................................................................... 37. 2.5.2. .................................................................................... 39. 2.5.3. ................................................................................................ 42. 2.6. ........................................................................................................................................... 48. 政治大. ............................................................................................................ 50. ............................................................................................................................ 57. y. sit. n. al. er. ............................................................................................................... 59. io. 3.2. .................................................................................................................... 51. Nat. 3.1.3. .................................................................................................................... 51. ‧. 3.1.2. 學. 3.1.1. 立. ............................................................................................................... 51. ‧ 國. 3.1. 3.3. Ch. i n U. v. ................................................................................................................................... 62. engchi. 3.3.1. ............................................................................................................................ 62. 3.3.2. ............................................................................................................................ 68. 3.3.3. ............................................................................................................................ 78. 3.4. ....................................................................................................................... 82. 3.4.1. ............................................................................................................................ 82. 3.4.2. ................................................................................................................ 90. 3.5. ................................................................................................................................... 91 VI.

(9) 3.5.1. .................................................................................................................................... 92. 3.5.2. .................................................................................................................................... 93. 3.5.3. .................................................................................................................................... 94. 3.5.4. .................................................................................................................................... 96. 3.5.5. .................................................................................................................................... 98. 3.5.6. .................................................................................................................................. 103. 3.6. ............................................................................................................. 104. 政治大. 3.6.1. .................................................................................................................. 104. 3.6.2. .................................................................................................................. 106. .............................................................................................. 116. ‧ 國. y. sit. n. al. er. .............................................................................................................. 119. io. 3.6.6. ................................................................................................................. 112. Nat. 3.6.5. ......................................................................................................... 108. ‧. 3.6.4 3D. 學. 3.6.3 3D. 立. Ch. i n U. v. ...................................................................................................... 120. engchi. 4.1. ................................................................................................................................. 121. 4.2. ..................................................................................................................... 123. 4.3. ................................................................................................................................. 129. 4.3.1. .............................................................................................................. 129. 4.3.2. .................................................................................................................. 132. 4.3.3. .................................................................................................. 135. 4.4. ............................................................................................................................. 139 VII.

(10) 4.4.1. .......................................................................................................................... 139. 4.4.2. ...................................................................................................... 145. 4.4.3. .......................................................................................... 146 .................................................................................................................. 150. 5.1. ......................................................................................................................................... 150. 5.2. ................................................................................................................................. 153. 5.3. ................................................................................................................................. 154. 5.4. ................................................................................................................................. 156. 5.5. ................................................................................................................................. 156. 立. 政治大. ‧ 國. 學. ............................................................................................................................................ 158. ‧. A................................................................................................................................................ 165. sit. y. Nat. B ................................................................................................................................................ 169. n. al. er. io. C ................................................................................................................................................ 170. Ch. i n U. v. .................................................................................................................................... 172. engchi. .................................................................................................................................... 177. VIII.

(11) 1:. ............................................................................................................. 7. 】. 3: 4: HCI. ) .............................................................................. 8. (. (. 5: UCD(2015). ) .................................................................................................. 15 ..................................................................................................................... 18. 6:. ................................................................................................... 22. 7:. ....................................................................................................................... 37 ..................................................................................................................... 38. io. sit. ..................................................................................................................... 38. al. ............................................................................................................ 38. n. 12: MINTA 13: JUST FOR FUN. 15: ATTI. y. Nat. 11:. 14:. ‧. 10:. ‧ 國. 9:. .................................................................... 31. 學. 8: HUTT. 立. 政治大 ............................................................................................... 29. er. 2:. ......................................................................................................................... 5. Ch. i n U. v. e n g c...................................................................... 40 hi. SCOUT ......................................................................................... 40 ............................................................................................................................ 41. 16:. ..................................................................................................................... 50. 17:. ......................................................................................................... 52. 18:. ......................................................................................................... 52. 19:. ..................................................................................... 53. 20:. ......................................................................................................... 53 IX.

(12) 21:. ............................................................................................................................. 54. 22:. ..................................................................................................................... 55. 23:. ......................................................................................................................... 56. 24:. ................................................................................................................. 56. 25:. ..................................................................................................................... 59. 26:. ............................................................................................................. 62. 27:. ............................................................................................................................. 63. 28:. ..................................................................................................................... 63. 29:. ..................................................................................................................... 64. ‧ 國. ..................................................................................................................... 65. ............................................................................................................................. 66. ‧. 31:. 學. 30:. 立. 政治大. sit. y. Nat. 32: ARDUINO NANO ................................................................................................................. 68. n. al. er. io. 33: ARDUINO MINI .................................................................................................................... 68. Ch. i n U. v. 34:. ................................................................................................................................. 69. 35:. ..................................................................................................................................... 69. 36. ....................................................................................................................... 70. 37:. ................................................................................................................................. 71. engchi. 38: OLED ........................................................................................................................................ 71 39: DFPLAYER .............................................................................................................................. 72 40: BLUETOOTH - 06 ................................................................................................................... 72 41: TOUCH SENSOR .................................................................................................................... 72 X.

(13) 42: TOUCH SENSOR. ....................................................................................................... 73. 43: SPEAKER................................................................................................................................. 73 44: POWERBANK ......................................................................................................................... 74 45:. ......................................................................................................................... 75. 46:. ..................................................................................................................... 76. 47:. ............................................................................................................. 77. 48: ARDUINO. ....................................................................................................... 78. 政治大. 49:. ............................................................................................................................. 79. 50:. ..................................................................................................................... 81. 立. ‧ 國. 學. 51:. ..................................................................................................................... 82. ......................................................................................................................... 83 ............................................................................................................... 83. sit. y. Nat. 53: ARDUINO. ‧. 52:. 55: OLED. ............................................................................................................................... 84. n. al. er. ....................................................................................................................... 84. io. 54: OLED. 56: OLED 57:. OLED. 0. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 1 ........................................................................................................ 85. ..................................................................................................................... 85. 58:. ......................................................................................................................... 86. 59:. ................................................................................................................. 87. 60:. ................................................................................................................. 88. 61:. ......................................................................................................................... 88. 62:. ......................................................................................................................... 89 XI.

(14) 63: 64:. ................................................................................................................. 89 I/O. ................................................................................................................. 90. 65:. ..................................................................................................................... 91. 66:. ......................................................................................................................... 92. 67:. ............................................................................................................. 92. 68:. ............................................................................................................................. 93. 69:. ......................................................................................................................... 93. 70:. ......................................................................................................................... 94. 71:. ............................................................................................................................. 94. 學. 72:. ‧ 國. 立. 政治大. ............................................................................................................. 95. (. ) ........................................................................................................... 95. 74:. ......................................................................................................................... 95. 75:. ..................................................................................................................... 96. ‧. 73:. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. 76: 77: 78:. (. Ch. i n U. v. ) ................................................................................................................. 103. CREATIVE BABY. engchi. ................................................................ 104. 2. ................................................................ 105. 79: AMOS & BORIS .................................................................................................................. 105 80: BABY BELUGA .................................................................................................................. 106 81:. ............................................................................................................................... 106. 82:. ........................................................................................................... 107. 83:. ................................................................................................................................... 107 XII.

(15) 84:. ........................................................................................................... 107. 85: RHINO3 LOGO .................................................................................................................... 109 86:. ........................................................................................................................... 109. 87:. ........................................................................................................................... 110. 88:. ........................................................................................................................... 110. 89:. ................................................................................................................... 111. 90:. (. ) ......................................................................................................................... 111. 91:. (. ) ......................................................................................................................... 112. 立. 政治大. ........................................................................................................................... 112. 93: 3D. ........................................................................................................................... 113. 94: 3D. ............................................................................................................................... 113. 95: 3D. ....................................................................................................................... 113. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. 92:. sit. y. Nat. 97:. ....................................................................................................................... 114. 98:. ................................................................................................................... 115. 99:. ............................................................................................................... 115. n. al. er. ............................................................................................................................... 114. io. 96:. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 100:. ......................................................................................................... 116. 101:. OLED ............................................................................................................ 117. 102:. ............................................................................................. 117. 103:. ................................................................................................. 117. 104:. ............................................................................................................................. 118 XIII.

(16) 105:. ............................................................................................................. 119. 106:. ..................................................................................................... 119. 107:. ......................................................................................................................... 123. 108:. (. 2004) ....................................................................... 126. 109:. ............................................................................................. 127. 110:. ................................................................................................................. 128. 111:. ................................................................................................................. 128. 政治大. 112:. A(. ). ............................................................................................ 141. 113:. B(. ). 114:. C(. ). 115:. D(. ). ............................................................................................ 142. 116:. E(. ). ............................................................................................ 142. 117:. F(. ). 118:. G(. ). 立. ............................................................................................ 141. ‧ 國. 學. ............................................................................................ 142. ‧. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. ............................................................................................. 142. 119:. Ch. i n U. v. ............................................................................................ 143. engchi. ................................................................................. 143. 120:. ................................................................................. 143. 121:. ......................................................................... 144. 122:. ................................................................................................. 144. 123:. ......................................................................................... 144. 124:. ......................................................................................................... 146. 125:. ............................................................................................................. 147 XIV.

(17) 1: PIAGET. (. 2: 3: 4:. (. 2004)............................... 25. ) ............................................................................................. 26. (. 2005) ................................................................................................. 27 (. ) ......................................................................................... 37. 5:. ....................................................................................... 42. 6:. ........................................................................................................................... 45. ....................................................................................................................... 48. 學. ‧. io. sit. y. Nat. n. al. er. 8:. ‧ 國. 7:. 政治大 ................................................................................................................... 48 立. Ch. engchi. XV. i n U. v.

(18) 1.1 》. –. 政治大. 立. –. ‧ 國. 學. 》. ‧. 3~5 》. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. –. (. 1. 1996).

(19) 1.2. 》. す –. 3~5. 立. (2012). 政治大. 》. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 2. i n U. v.

(20) 1.3. 3~5. l. l. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. io. sit. y. Nat. n. al. er. l. 立. 政治大. Ch. engchi. 3. i n U. v.

(21) 1.4. l. l. 1.5. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 4. i n U. v.

(22) 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 1. 5. i n U. v.

(23) 2.1 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 2.5. す. (motivation to learn). 立. –. ‧ 國. 學. 3~5. (1994) 政治大. J. J. Rousseau. –. Emile. ‧. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. (. 》. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 2012). 2. 】. (curious) (toys). (explore) (game) (motivation) 6. (learning).

(24) (Theory of learning) 】 (Game-based learning). (game). (learning). (motivation) (Interation Design) 3~5. 政治大. 立. sit. y. al. er. (interaction). n. (form). ‧. ‧ 國. 學. io. 3. 】. Nat. 2.1. 2.. Ch. (interaction design). e (design) ngchi. i n U. v. (principle). (good design) (views). (user-centered design, UCD) UCD. (principle) (human-computer interacion) 》. (user experience). (usability) (goals). 7.

(25) ). 立. 政治大. n. er. io. sit. y. (. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. Nat. al. engchi. v. 3.. Ch. i n U. 8.

(26) UCD 2. Designing for Interaction: Creating Innovative Applications and Devices. Saffer, Dan. Saffer, Dan. 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. io. sit. y. Nat. n. al. er. 2.1.1. 政治大. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. Norman(1988) “. 9. ”(Norman door). 》.

(27) Norman (discoverbility). (understanding). (interface) Norman(1988). The Design of Everyday. Things 1.. (discoverability). 2.. (affordances). 政治大. 立. ‧ 國. (constraints). sit. n. al. er. io. (mapping). y. Nat. 5.. ‧. 4.. (signifiers). 學. 3.. 6.. 7.. (feedback). Ch. engchi. (conceptual model). 10. i n U. v.

(28) Schwiern & Misanchuk(1993) (reactive). (proactive). (mutual). (2006). 1.. 2.. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. io. sit. y. Nat. n. al. er. 3.. 立. 政治大. Ch. engchi. 11. i n U. v.

(29) Designing for Interaction: Creating Innovative Applications and Devices. 1.. (Technology-Centered view) (useful). 2.. (Behaviorist view). 立. (usable). 政治大. (functionality ). 》. (feedback). ‧ 國. (Saffer 2010). 》. ‧. (Social Interaction Design view). n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. 3.. 學. amd Reimann(1999). Jodi Forlizzi, Robert,. Ch. engchi. 12. i n U. v.

(30) Saffer(2010) Designing for interaction 1.. (trustworthy). 3.. (smart). 立. ‧. ‧ 國. (appropriate). 學. 2.. 政治大. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. USB. 4.. Ch. engchi. (responsive). Line. 13. i n U. v.

(31) 5.. (clever). 6.. (ludic). App. 》 7.. (pleasurable). 立. 政治大. App. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. 2.1.2. App. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. (Human-Computer Interaction, HCI). (Human-Computer Interaction, HCI). 14. (2006).

(32) ( HCI. (Human). (Computer). 政治大. 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. io. n. al. Ch. (Human-Computer Interaction, HCI) (Situation). 1.. ). sit. (. er. Nat. 4. HCI. y. 4). e(Human) ngchi. i n U. v. (Computer). (User-Centered Design, UCD) (users know. best) UCD. 15.

(33) 2.. (Activity-Centered Design, ACD) (action). (decision) ACD. 3.. (System Design, SD). 政治大. 學. 4.. ‧ 國. 立. (Genius Design, GD). ‧. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat Centered Design). UCD(User-. UCD. Ch. (. engchi. 》. 16. i n U. v. UCD. ).

(34) UCD UCD (IxD). (A. Pratt& J. Nunes, 2012). UCD. Chisnell Usability. 立. ‧ 國. 學. Norman. The Design of Everyday Things. ‧. (. Dana. 政治大. ). sit. y. Nat. n. al. er. io. (Human-Centered Design, HCD). HCD (User). Ch. HCD. engchi U. v ni. Norman. UCD UCD. HCD. 》 5 2015. (ISO 9241-210:2010: Human-centred design for interactive systems) UCD. 17.

(35) 5. UCD(2015). 1.. 立. 政治大. sit. n. al. er. io. 3.. y. Nat. (Ensure). ‧. ‧ 國. 學. 2.. Ch. engchi. (prototype) 4.. UCD. (User). 18. i n U. v.

(36) UCD UCD. Donald A. Norman. (Norman, 2007). 1.. 2.. 3.. ‧ 國. ‧. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. 5.. 學. 4.. 立. 政治大. 6.. Ch. engchi. 7.. 19. i n U. v.

(37) Norman. 2.1.3. 政治大. (User Experience, UX). 立. (User Experience). ISO 9241-210. す. ‧ 國. 學. Nielsen& Norman(2012). ‧. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. (Preece, Rogers, & Sharp, 2009) :. 》. 20.

(38) (satisfying). § §. (enjoyable). §. (fun) (entertaining). §. (helpful). §. (motivating). §. (aesthetically pleasing). §. 政治大. (supportive of creativity). §. 立. (rewarding). §. 學. ‧ 國. §. (emotionally fulfilling). ‧. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat (Usability) /. Ch. (Usabolity). engchi. i n U. v. (International Standards Organization) 92411-11 (effectiveness). (efficiency). (Satisfaction). Nielsen(1993). 1.. (learnability). 21. ISO DIS.

(39) (satisfaction). 政治大. 立. 學 ‧. Nat. (User experience). (Usability). y. 5.. (error). io. sit. 4.. (memorability). n. al. er. 3.. (efficiency). ‧ 國. 2.. Ch. engchi. 6.. 22. i n U. v. Heraghty(2011).

(40) 1.. (Pleasurable). 》 2.. (Usability). 3.. (Utility). 6. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. 2.2. Ch. i n U. e n g c h i–. 23. v.

(41) 2.2.1 3~5. 3~5. (Investor's Business Daily). 政治大. 學. ‧ 國. 立 Piaget(1962). ‧. (. 1). sit er. io. al. n. 1 Piaget. y. Nat. Piaget. (2004). (0~2 (2~7. Ch. engchi. ) ). (7~11. ). (11~15. ). す. 1 2. 24. i n U. v. (. 2004). 》.

(42) 2. (. ). 1. 2.. ( &. 2010). 3.. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學す. n. al. er. io 3. sit. y. Nat. す. (. Ch. engchi. (2005). 25. 》. i n U. v. す. 2004).

(43) 3. (. 2005). :. :. す. 立. ). 學 ‧. ‧ 國. (. 政治大. n. (2005). er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. v i (symbolic play materials) n Ch engchi U. Piaget(1962). 2.2.2 (Sehumpeter, 1934) (Innovation is something different) Innovation. (1) (3). 26. (2).

(44) (1) (2). 治政 (Norman, 2014: 大 306). 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. al. (Rogers, 1995) Rogers. er. io. sit. y. Nat. Innovations Theory). Ch. •. (Innovation). •. (Communication). • • •. engchi. (Time) (Social System) (Adoption) (Time). 27. i n U. v. (Diffusion of. –.

(45) Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5. (social system) –. 立. 政治大. ‧ 國. 學. 1.. (innovators). ‧. (venturesomeness) (Communication). Nat. io. sit. y. (cosmopolite). (early adopters). n. al. er. 2.. (innovators). 3.. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. (early majority). (later majority). 4.. ). (early adopters). (later majority). 28.

(46) 5.. (laggard). 」. 》. 立. ‧ 國. ‧. Nat. y. 2.3. io. n. al. sit. (curious). 》. er. 7. Rojers(1995). 學. 2.3. 政治大. (innovators). Ch. engchi. 7.. 29. i n U. v. 》.

(47) (1992). (Wood, 1988). 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學 Vygotsky(1998). n. al. er. io. sit. Nat. –. (1) (. y. 2.3.1. 2006). Ch. (2). e n g c h》i. i n U. v. 3~5. (Eisner, 1982). Hutt Weisler. McCall (Johnson, 1990) 30. Hutt.

(48) (Hutt, 1971). 立. 政治大. ‧ 國. 學. 8. Hutt. Hutt. ‧. 8. 》. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz(1646) –. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. – –. (Mayer, 1966) (experimentation) (Klugman & Smilansky, 1990) Engagement (NSSE, 1929: 701). 31. National Survey of Student.

(49) 2.4. Skinner 2.4.1. Skinner(1957). 2.4.2. 2.4.1 Skinner B. F.. 1957. (Behaviourist Theory). 》. 立. Verbal behavior. 政治大. ‧ 國. 學. Skinner. ‧. (Classical conditioning). Skinner. (Reinforcement). n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. Skinner. Skinner. Ch. 1.. (positive reinforcement). 2.. (negative reinforcement). i n U. v. (Operant conditioning). engchi. ─ skinner. 32.

(50) 2.4.2 2.4.1. Skinner. Piaget(1962). (. ). n. al. er. io. sit. Nat. 4. 1.. 0~2. Ch. engchi. 2.. ( 1983). 3. 1.. 2~7. y. ‧. (1983). 學. (1996). Piaget. ‧ 國. 立. 政治 (Cognitive-Development Theory) 大. 2. 3.. 33. i n U. v. 》. –.

(51) 1. (. 7~11. 1983) 2. 3. 1. 2.. 11 3.. 政治》大. Piaget. 立. 4):. 學. (preoperational period). n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. (1). 3~5. ‧. ‧ 國. (Piaget & Inhelder, 1962)(. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. (2). 2+3=5 5-3=2. 34.

(52) (3). (2~7. 立. ). Piaget(1962). 政治大. Vygotsky(1978). (Culture Theory). ‧. ‧ 國. 學. Vygostsky. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Vygotsky. Ch. engchi. i n U. (Scaffolding Theory). (. 1994) Vygotsky. 35. v.

(53) Noam Chomsky(1956). (Nativism Theory). Skinner. Skinner (Chomsky, 1959:27. Chomsky. Lenneberg, 1967:125-126) Chomsky. Chomsky(1965). 》 ( Language Acquisition Device (LAD)). Chomsky(1965). ( Language Acquisition). 學. ‧ 國. 立. 政治 LAD 大. Chomsky. ‧. Skinner. Chomsky. n. al. 2.5. Ch. engchi U. 2.5.1. er. io. ( Language Acquisition Device (LAD). sit. Chomsky. Nat. (Behaviourist Theory). v ni. 2.5.2. 2.5.3. 36. y. Skinner. LAD.

(54) 2.5.1. (. – 2002. 《. 2000). (. 2001) –. 立. 9. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. io. sit. y. Nat. n. al. er. –. 政治大. 26. C 9.h. engchi. i n U. v. http://www.keyenglish.cn/newsview.aspx?id=35. 10. 37.

(55) 10. http://store.shopping.yahoo.co.jp/izumi/uc28.html. http://store.shopping.yahoo.co.jp/izumi/uc28.html. ‧ y. Nat. MinTa. io. sit. –. n. al. er. 12. 11.. 學. MinTa. ‧ 國. 立. 政治大. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 12. MinTa http://24h.pchome.com.tw/prod/DEASB4-A77405942. 3~5 38.

(56) 5 MinTa O. O. O. O. O. O. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. 政 X治大. X 5. 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. 2.5.2. Ch. i n U. engchi. – –. X. v. – –. –. –. 39. –.

(57) Just for fun Just for fun. 學. ‧ 國. 立. 政治大. 13. Just for fun. http://shop.babyhome.com.tw/product/19324. ‧. SCOUT. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 14.. i n U. v. SCOUT. http://www.mamaky.com/collections/which-leapfrog-penreader.html. 40.

(58) Atti. Cheer. Atti. –. 政治大. 立. ‧ 國. 學. 15. Atti. ‧. http://www.kje.com.tw/tpe-toy_finfo_id6.html. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. す. engchi. 41. i n U. v.

(59) 2.5.3 (. (. ). ). 6. 立. Rub a Dub. Bath Toy. ‧. Nat NOAH'S. http://www.growingtreetoys.com). sit er. al. n. ALONG 123. io. MY TAKE. (. y. Spray Whale. 學. Sort 'n. 政治大. ‧ 國. (. ). Ch. engchi. i n U. v. ARK ( http://www.growingtreetoys.com/). PUTTERS IN THE TUB BATH GOLF!. ( http://www.wickeduncle.co.uk/). 42.

(60) PIRATES. 》. OF THE TUB ( http://www.wickeduncle.co.uk/). Water skiing crocodile. 立. 政治大. ‧ 國. 學. (. ‧ y. sit. io. n. al. er. ). Nat. (. http://www.wickeduncle.co.uk/). Ch. engchi. 43. i n U. v. (. http://www.momoshop.com.tw/). (. http://www.momoshop.com.tw/).

(61) -. (. 立. http://www.momoshop.com.tw/). 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學 (. http://www.momoshop.com.tw/). n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. i n U. (. 44. v. http://www.momoshop.com.tw/).

(62) ) 3~7. 7. KU.KU. 政治大 (. 立. Fijit. n. al. Bandai. APP. 3~6. Ch. https://www.amazon.com/ref=nav_logo). er. io. Bandai Smartpet Robot Dog. y. ‧. Nat. (. sit. Friends. 學. FIJIT. http://www.momoshop.com.tw/). ‧ 國. (. engchi. i n U. v. Smartpet Robot Dog. ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T4pGz71maIM). 45.

(63) Zoomer Zoomer. –. interactive puppy (. https://www.amazon.com/ref=nav_logo). 2D. Joujou Cube Touch. (. http://cuteandkids.com/enjoy/toot-app-. federico-lameri-interactive-toy/). 學. ‧ 國. 立. 政治大. Sphero SPRK+ rolling robot –. Android. sit. IOS. y. ‧. Lighting App. io. rolling. n. al. er. SPRK+. Nat. Sphero. robot. TOOT. Ch. engchi. i n U (. v. http://www.damngeeky.com/). 3~6. TOOT APP. APP. (. http://cuteandkids.com/enjoy/toot-appfederico-lameri-interactive-toy/). 46.

(64) –. CogniToys. ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nOwgHhPGlGM). Pechat. ‧ 國. ‧. app. y. sit. io. n. al. er. speaker. app. Nat. button. 學. Pechat. 立. 政治大. Anki. Ch. engchi. i n U (. v. http://www.japantrends.com/). CEO. Anki launches AI-powered robot Cozmo (. 47. http://www.damngeeky.com/).

(65) 2.6. UCD(User-Computer Design) HCI(Human-Computer Interaction). 立. 學 ‧. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat 3~5. (UCD). Neilson. ‧ 國. Norman. 政治大. Ch. engchi. 48. i n U. v.

(66) Skinner (1) Skinner. (Operant conditioning). Development Theory). (2) Piaget. (Cognitive-. (3) Vygotsky(1978). (4) Chomsky(1956). (Culture Theory). (Nativism Theory). Skinner Piaget. 立. 政治大. ‧ 國. 學. Vygotsky. sit. n. al. er. io. Acquisition Device (LAD). y. ‧ Chomsky. Nat. Noam Chomsky(1956). Ch. engchi. 16. 49. i n U. v. ( Language.

(67) 政治大. 16.. 立. ‧ 國. 學. 3~5. ‧. n. Ch. 3.4. e3.1n g c h i. 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6. 50. 3.1. er. io. 3.2. sit. y. Nat. a3.3 l. す. i n U. v. 3.5. 3.6.

(68) 3.1. 3.1.1. 3~5. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. 3.1.2. Ch. engchi. (Servo Motor) (. 17). 51. i n U. v.

(69) 17.. DC. 治政大 18. (Servo Motor). 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 18.. 52. i n U. v.

(70) (. 政治大. 學. 19.. ‧. io. sit. y. Nat. n. al. er. 21. ‧ 國. 立. 20. 19). Ch. engchi. 20.. 53. i n U. v.

(71) 21.. 立. l. (. ). 學. ‧ 國. l. 政治大 (. ). ‧. Nat. n. al. er. io. sit. y. 1. Arduino MEGA 2560. 2. RGB LED MATRIX. Ch. engchi. RGB LED LED 3.. (9V). 54. i n U. v.

(72) 4.. (Servo Motor). 5. DC DC. 6. L298N L298N. DC I/O pin. 立. 7. BlueTooth HC-06. (9V). 政治大. ‧ 國. 學. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. 22. L298N. ‧. Arduino. Ch. engchi. 22.. 55. i n U. v.

(73) 23. 23.. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch 24.. engchi. 》. 56. i n U. v.

(74) 3.1.3. 1.. 2.. 3.. 立. y. sit. n. al. er. io. 7.. Nat. 6.. ‧. 5.. ‧ 國. 》. 學. 4.. 政治大. 8.. Ch. engchi. 9.. 1. 2. 57. i n U. v.

(75) 3. 4. 5.. 6.. 7.. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 58. i n U. v.

(76) 3.2. 25. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. Ch. engchi. 59. i n U. v. 25.. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al.

(77) す 1. す. 2. す. 立. (1). ‧. ‧ 國. 學. (2). 政治大. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. (3). Ch. engchi. (4). (5). 60. i n U. v.

(78) す. 3. 》. 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. 4.. 政治大. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. 5.. (Input). Ch. engchi. す 6.. 61. i n U. v.

(79) 3.3. 3.3.1. 26. 政治大. 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 26.. 62. i n U. v.

(80) 27. 》. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. 27.. 1.. Ch. engchi. 28. 28. 63. i n U. v.

(81) 2. 29. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 29.. 64. i n U. v.

(82) 3. 30. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 30.. 65. i n U. v.

(83) Interface. 31. 1.. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. 2.. (1). Ch. engchi. (2). 66. i n U. v.

(84) System. 1.. 2.. 立. 3.. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. 4.. 政治大. Ch. engchi. 1.. 2.. 67. i n U. v.

(85) 3.. 4.. 3.3.2. 政治大. 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. 32. Arduino Nano Arduino Nano(. 32). engchi. Arduino Mini(. arduino. Arduino (Multi-tasking) (. i n U. 34). 68. v. 33. Arduino Mini 33).

(86) 34.. Arduino Arduino nano Arduino mini. 35. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi 35.. Arduino. 69. i n U. v.

(87) 政治大. 立. ‧ 國. 學. l. Arduino mini. l. DFplayer. l. Bluetooth HC - 06. l l l l. er. al. n. l. sit. Arduino nano. io. l. 36). y. Nat. (. ‧. 36.. Ch. engchi. (Servo Motor) OLED (Touch Sensor) (Speaker) (PowerBank). す. 70. i n U. v.

(88) 1.. (Servo Motor). PWM. 37. 立. ‧ 國. 學 ‧. 37.. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. 2. OLED. 政治大. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 38. OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diodes). OLED. I2C. 71. OLED.

(89) 3. DFplayer. 39. DFplayer mp3. UART sd. 立. 4. Bluetooth HC - 06. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n Bluetooth HC - 06. 5.. 40. Bluetooth - 06. Ch. e n g capp hi. (Touch Sensor). 41. Touch Sensor 72. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. i n U. v. Arduino. UART.

(90) (. 政治大. 立 42. Touch Sensor. ‧ 國. ‧ y. sit. io. n. al. er. (Speaker). Nat. 6.. 學. 39. Ch. engchi 43. Speaker. DF-Player. 73. i n U. v. 42).

(91) 7.. (PowerBank). 44. PowerBank. 立. 政治大. ‧ 國. 學 ‧. io. y. sit. DFplayer. er. Arduino mini. Arduino nano. Nat. 06). Arduino. Arduino mini. OLED. n. al. Ch. n U engchi. 74. iv. (Bluetooth HC-. DFplayer (Speaker) OLED.

(92) 立. ‧ 國. 學 ‧. 45.. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. 45. 政治大. n. す. Ch. engchi. 75. i n U. v.

(93) 46. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. Ch. engchi. 76. i n U. v. 46.. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al.

(94) 政治大. 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 47. 47. Arduino nano. Arduino mini Bluetooth HC-06 DFplayer Touch Sensor. 77.

(95) 3.3.3. 48. Arduino Arduino Nano. 立. Arduino Mini. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 48. Arduino. 78. i n U. v.

(96) 政治大. 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 49. 49. Arduino Nano. Arduino Nano UART. UART. (Default Receiver). Arduino UART UART. Arduino. UART TX(Transmitter). UART. UART. RX(Receiver). UART 79.

(97) UART. UART. UART. UART. Arduino mini. DFplayer. Arduino mini. (Servo Motor). DFplayer UART. mini. OLED. UART. TX. 立. TX. Arduino DFplayer. UART. 治政 DFplayer 大. TX. Arduino mini. 學. ‧ 國. UART. Servo Motor. Nat. UART. io. n. al. y. I²C(Inter-Integrated Circuit). sit. OLED. er. Arduino mini. ‧. PWM. Ch. engchi. 80. i n U. v.

(98) 50. :. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 50.. 81. i n U. v.

(99) 3.4 3.3. 3.4.1. 立. 51. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 51. す. 82. 52.

(100) 立. ‧ 國. 學. 52.. ‧ sit. al. n. PWM. Ch. UART. e n g c hすi U Arduino. 》. 53. Arduino 83. er. io Arduino. y. Nat. Arduino. 政治大. v ni. UART. I²C.

(101) OLED 1111OLED. Arduino mini. す. OLED. I²C. OLED. OLED. Arduino mini. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. 54. OLED. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. OLED. Ch. engchi. 55. OLED 84. i n U. v.

(102) 56. OLED OLED. 立. OLED. I²C. ‧ 國. 學. OLED. ‧. 16. y (. io. n. al. 57). sit. 56). 政治大 OLED. Nat. (. 1. er. 55. 0. Ch. 57.. engchi. OLED. 85. i n U. v. 2.

(103) (TouchSensor) 6. (. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. 58.. engchi. 59. Arduino mini Arduino mini. 86. i n U. v. 58).

(104) 59. Bluetooth HC-06. 政治大. 立. ‧ 國. Arduino nano (Baud). Nat. y. ‧. io. n. al. 16. (Servo Motor). sit. TX(Transmitter). Arduino nano. er. UART. 學. Bluetooth HC-06. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 58. Arduino mini. 5V 2A. 87. 0~1023.

(105) 0 180. 》 61. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch 60.. engchi. 61. 88. i n U. v.

(106) (. 政治大. 學. ‧ 國. 立. 62). 62.. ‧. (PowerBank). n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat 5v 2A. Ch. engchi. 63. 89. i n U. v.

(107) 63. 3.4.2. 立. 政治大(. 64). ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 64. I/O. 90. i n U. v.

(108) 3.5. す. 立. ‧ 國. 學 ‧. 65.. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. 65. 政治大. Ch. engchi. 91. i n U. v.

(109) 3.5.1 OLED. 66 OLED OLED. 政治大. 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. Nat. sit. n. er. io. al. y. 66.. 67. Ch. engchi. 67.. 92. i n U. v. OLED.

(110) 3.5.2. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. 68.. Ch. engchi. 69.. 93. i n U. v.

(111) 70.. 立. 70. 71). n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. (. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. 3.5.3. 政治大. Ch. engchi. 71.. 94. i n U. v.

(112) 72.. 73.. 立. (. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 74. (. 74). 95. i n U. v. ).

(113) 3.5.4. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. 75.. Ch. engchi. 3~5. 8. 96. i n U. v.

(114) 8. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 97. i n U. v.

(115) 3.5.5 3~5. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. Nat. n. al. er. io. sit. y. —. Ch. engchi. 》 98. i n U. v.

(116) 》. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat 》. Ch. engchi. 99. v i》 n U.

(117) 》. 學. ‧ 國. 立. 政治大》. ‧. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 》. 100. i n U. v.

(118) 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 101. i n U. v.


(120) 3.5.6. 立. 政治大. (. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. 76.. engchi. (. 103. i n U. ). v. 76).

(121) 3.6. 3.6.1 3~5. 立. ‧ 國. ‧. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat 77. (. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. Creative Baby. http://24h.pchome.com.tw/prod/DEAI37-A9006XF7I). 2016. (Bailey)(. 3~5. 學. 77. 政治大. 78) 104. 2.

(122) 3~7 Amos & Boris (. 1997. 79). 2009. Baby Beluga. 立. (. 80). 政治大. ‧ 國. 學. 78.. 2. ‧. (. y. Nat. n. al. er. io. sit. http://jiangsu.china.com.cn/uploadfile/2016/0401/1459468987296655.jpg). Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 79. Amos & Boris (. https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/61md%2BvN7zL.jpg). 105.

(123) 80. Baby Beluga (. http://www.sunshine-. book.com.tw/images/upfile/2011/2011041319551883220.jpg) 3.6.2. 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. io. sit. y. Nat. n. al. er. 84. 政治大. Ch. engchi. 81.. 106. i n U. v. 81.

(124) 82.. 政治大. 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. Ch. 83.. engchi. 84.. 107. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. i n U. v.

(125) す. l l. ? OLED. ?. l. ?. l. 政治大 3D. ‧ sit 3D. n. al. er. io. 3.6.2. y. Nat. 3.6.3 3D. 學. 3D. ‧ 國. 立. C3Dh. engchi U. 3D. Rhinoceros 3D. Robert McNeel & Associates(McNeel) Rhino3D Rhino3D 3D. 108. 3D. v ni. Rhino3D( 1992. 85) 3D.

(126) 85. Rhino3 logo :http://3dprint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Logo_Rhinoceros.png) 3D. ‧ 國. Rhino3D 89. 3D. す. ‧ y. Nat. io. sit. 86. Rhino3D. 學. 3.6.2. 立. 政治大. n. al. er. (. Ch. engchi. 86. 109. i n U. v.

(127) 立. 政治大 87.. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 88.. 110. i n U. v.

(128) 89.. 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. io. sit. y. Nat. n. al. er. 1/5. 政治大. Ch. engchi. 90.. ( 111. i n U. ). v.

(129) 91.. 立. (. ). 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. 92.. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 3.6.4 3D 3. PLA 93. 3D. 112.

(130) 93. 3D. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. Ch. engchi. 95. 3D. 113. er. io. al. sit. y. Nat. 94. 3D. i n U. v.

(131) 95. 3D. 3D. 3D. (. 97) (. 3D. 99). 1.. 立. 政治大. y. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. Nat. sit. n. al. er. io. 2.. 96.. Ch. engchi. 97. 114. i n U. v.

(132) 3.. 98. 4.. 立. ‧. 6. y. Nat. io. sit. (. ─. n. al. er. 3D. ‧ 國. 6.. 學. 5.. 政治大. Ch. engchi. 99.. 115. i n U. v. 100).

(133) 100.. 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. 3.6.5. 政治大. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. OLED. ( (. 102). 101). OLED (. 103). 116.

(134) 101.. OLED. 政治大. 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. a102. l. Ch. engchi. 103.. 117. i n U. v.

(135) OLED. 104. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 104. 105. 118. i n U. v.

(136) 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. 3.6.6. 政治大 105.. 106. y. Nat. io. n. al. sit. (saying). er. (touching). (input). Ch. engchi. 106. 119. i n U. v.

(137) 1.. (touching). 2.. (saying). 立. 政治大. y. sit. n. al. er. io. 1.. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. Nat. 3~5. Ch. engchi. 2.. 120. i n U. v.

(138) 4.1 Skinner. 2.3. 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. 1.. 政治大. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. (1). (Thinking). (2). (Words). (3). Ch. engchi. 3~5. (Behaviors). 121. i n U. v.

(139) (4). (Moods). 2.. (Touching) (Saying). 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. 1.. 政治大. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 2.. 3.. 122. i n U. v.

(140) 3~5. 4.2. す. •1. 未給任何指令及提示 •2. 自由操作、自己探索 •3. 此階段以摸(Touching)的方式探索玩具主體階段 •4. 觀察專注於主體的反應. 立. 政治大. 放置水中階段. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. •1. 此階段小朋友已受過簡單的操作提示教學 •2. 觀察小朋友對此階段的玩具主體與上階段情境有何不同. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. •1. 卡牌及故事內容的說明 •2. 和小朋友說明語音對話的方法卡牌輔助語音 •3. 觀察小朋友對卡牌及故事內容之反應 •4. 觀察小朋友對語音互動方式之使用經驗互動階段. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 107. 107 す. 1. ( Natural Context ). 123.

(141) す. 2.. Stage 3. (Touching). Nat. (Touching). n. al. Stage 4. (Saying). er. io. •. y. •. 立. sit. Stage 2. ‧ 國. •. 政治大. ‧. Stage 1. 學. •. Ch. engchi. 3.. (1). 124. i n U. v.

(142) 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學す. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. (2). 4 l. A. 3. l. B. 5. l. C. 3. l. D. 5. l. E. 4. l. F. 4. l. G. 5. 3. Ch. 7. engchi. 125. i n U. v.

(143) 3. 5. ( 108. 3. 2004). 4. 7 10. 10. 立. 政治大. 2004). er. a l http://lcmstan.twbbs.org/archives/3697) v i n Ch Don Norman i U Education Must Change e n gWhy c hDesign. n. 5. io. (. (. y. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. Nat 108.. sit. 7. 3. 10 (Norman, 2010). 126. 7.

(144) (3). 4.. 5.. 立. 109. Nat. n. al. er. io. sit. y. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. 6.. 政治大. Ch 實驗流程1 玩具為主體階段. engchi. 放置水中階段 109.. 127. iv n U 實驗流程2 卡牌輔助語音互動階段.

(145) (1). 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 110.. 學. (2). 政治大. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 111. す》 128. i n U. v.

(146) 4.3. 1.. 2. ? 3.. ?. 立 ?. 5.. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. 4.. 政 ?治大. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. 4.3.1 A(. Ch. engchi. ). 》. 》 129. i n U. v.

(147) B(. ). 學. ‧ 國. 立. 政治大》. ‧. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. C(. Ch. engchi. i n U. ) —. 130. v.

(148) C. D(. 【. ). 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. E( ). 》. F(. Ch. engchi. ). 131. i n U. v.

(149) G(. ). 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 4.3.2 A(. ). 132. i n U. v.

(150) B(. ). 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學 A. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. C(. ). Ch. engchi. C. 133. i n U. v. A.

(151) D(. ). 》》. 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. E( ). 政治大. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. 》 F(. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. ) 》. 134.

(152) G(. ) 》. 》》. 立. ‧ 國. ‧ y. sit. io. n. al. er. ). Nat. A(. 學. 4.3.3. 政治大. Ch. –. engchi. 135. i n U. v.

(153) B(. ). A. –. C(. ). 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. D(. Ch. engchi. ). 136. i n U. v.

(154) 》. E( ). 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. F(. ). Ch. engchi. 》. 》. 137. i n U. v. 》.

(155) ). 立. 政治大. 學 ‧. ‧ 國 io. sit. y. Nat. n. al. er. G(. Ch. engchi. 》. 138. i n U. v.

(156) 4.4 4.4.1. 1.. 7. 2.. 立. 政治大 ( ). ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. 3.. Ch. engchi. 4.. 5.. 139. i n U. v.

(157) 》. 立. 政治大. ‧ 國. 學 ‧. 》. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. C h5. engchi. 》. 140. i n U. v. 7.

(158) A(. ). 立. 政治大. n. al. 113.. sit. ). er. io. ). A(. y. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. Nat B(. 112.. Ch. engchi. B(. 141. ). i n U. v.

(159) C(. ). 114. D(. ). ). 立. ‧ 國. 115.. D(. ). ‧. ). 政治大. 學. E(. C(. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. F(. Ch. engchi. 116.. E(. ). 117.. F(. ). ). 142. i n U. v.

(160) ). 118.. 立. G(. ). 政治大. 學. 119.. ‧. ‧ 國. io. sit. y. Nat. n. al. er. G(. Ch. engchi. 120.. 143. i n U. v.

(161) 121.. ). 政治大. 立. 學 ‧. ‧ 國. 122.. io. sit. y. Nat. n. al. er. (. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 123. 123 A(I) A(II) 144.

(162) A(III). (B(I). B(II)) B(III) C(I) (C(II). 立. 政治大 C(I). ‧. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi 2. 1. 2.. F(. C(III). 學. 4.4.2. B. ‧ 國. A. C(III)). ). 145. i n U. v. 3~5.

(163) 124.. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 4.4.3. す F. F. 146.

(164) •目的是觀察小朋友自然且直接之反應與使用者回饋 •取得出質性資料並且分析結果 •受試者為7人，年齡為3~5歲 •三種情境，兩種操作方式作為主要變因. 實驗流程 1&2. •目的為驗證修改後的互動玩具，在給予小朋友使用過後，能否能讓小朋友在操作的回饋上有改善 •驗證小朋友是否能藉由互動玩具的聲音，辨認圖卡中的內容 •受試者為1人，為上階段受測者其中之一，該受測者為上階段使用經驗與回饋中表現較佳者 •情境與操作方式不變. 立. 學. n. al. y. er. io. 使用性分析. sit. Nat. •最後的部分進行使用性的討論分析 •可學習性(Learnability) •效率性(Efficiency) •可記憶性(Menorability) •錯誤率(Error) •滿意度(Satisfaction). ‧. ‧ 國. 實驗驗證. 政治大. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 125. 125 (Usability). 147.

(165) 1.. 2.. 3.. (Learnability). (Efficiency). (Memorability). 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. 4.. 政治大. (Error). n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. 5.. Ch. engchi. (Satisfaction). 148. i n U. v.


(167) 4. 5.1. 5.2 5.3 5.4. 5.1 •. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 150. i n U 》. v.

(168) Skinner. Skinner(1957). Skinner. 立. 政治大 4. ‧ 國. ‧. 3. (. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. 》. A C D. 學. F). (. Ch. engchi. 4.5.3. 151. i n U. v. B E G).

(169) • UCD Piaget UCD. 立. 政治大. sit. y. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. io. n. al. er. Nat. Hutt(1971). Ch. engchi. i n U. v. Piaget(1962). 3~5. UCD. Piaget(1962). 152. 2~7.

(170) Vygotsky (Scaffolding Theory). 立. 5.2. ‧ 國. ‧. 3~5. 學. 1.. 政治大. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. 2.. Ch. engchi. 3.. 153. i n U. v.

(171) 4.. 5.3. 1. (1). 立. (2). ‧ 國 n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. (4). ‧. LED. 學. (3). 政治大. 2. (1). Ch. engchi. (2). (3). (4). 154. i n U. v.

(172) (5). す. (6). (7). (8). 3.. 立. (1). ‧ 國. ‧ sit. n. al. er. io. (4). y. Nat. (3). 學. (2). 政治大. Ch. engchi. (5). (6). (7). 155. i n U. v.

(173) 5.4. 立. 5.5. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. io. sit. y. Nat. n. al. er. 1.. 政治大. Ch. engchi. 156. i n U. v.

(174) 2.. 3.. 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. io. sit. y. Nat. n. al. er. 4.. 政治大. Ch. engchi. 157. i n U. v.

(175) . (2005) 3(1) 「. 131-172. 。(2006) 11(4) Skinner. –. 101. 25-33. 立. ‧ 國. (2013). 28. 35-60. (2004). al. Ch. –. engchi. i n U. –. (2006). – :. (2004). 15(2) 193-211. –. n (2014). 107-132. ‧. 6. io. 「. -. Nat. (2012). 2010. sit. (2012). --. 學. 、. 政治大 (2010). y. –. er. (2006). 81-98. –. (2007). 158. v. 18(3) 23-39. –.

(176) (2007). (2008) –. –. (2009). (2009). (2011). 立. ‧ sit. io. al. n. (2013). APP. y. -. Nat. (2012). er. –. ‧ 國. (2011). 學. 、. 政治大. Ch. engchi U. v ni. –. (2011). (2004). 12-18. (2001). 221-237. (1999). (Edgar Klugman & Sara. Smilansky, 1999) (2006) 159.

(177) (1996) (2012). 3. 7. 10. 3 10. – (2004) (2006). -. PDA. (2006) (1983). –. 立. (2004). Z. – –. ). ). y. sit. n. al. er. io. 1994. (. ‧. (. Nat. (2003). 政治大. 學. (2005). ‧ 國. 《. (2006). Ch. engchi. i n U. v. – (2010) (1992). – (2001). 、. 33 –. – 2. –. – –. 675-710 《. 28-30. (2002). 42(5). –. 37-42 160.

(178) (2000) (. –. ). 16. 215-223 Lord, M., DeBethizy, D. & Wager, J. (2005). Innovation that. Fits (. )(2009). (. Sharp). (. Jennifer Preece. Yvonne Rogers and Helen. 2007). 》. (2011). )(2012). ( )( 立. )(2014). 1988). y. 52-62. io. al. n. sit. 1 (2016). Donald A Norman.). Nat. (2006). (. ‧. 》. 學. (. ‧ 國. 1762). (. er. (. 政治大 J. J. Rousseau). C h. engchi. 161. i n U. v. 》. (.

(179) Chen, C. M., & Tsai, Y. N. (2012). Interactive augmented reality system for enhancing library instruction in elementary schools. Computers & Education, 59(2), 638-652. Curby, T. W., Downer, J. T., & Booren, L. M. (2014). Behavioral exchanges between teachers and children over the course of a typical preschool day: Testing bidirectional associations. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 29(2), 193-204. Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of a theory of syntax. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.. 政治大 on information theory, 2(3), 113-124. 立. Chomsky, N. (1956). Three models for the description of language. IRE Transactions. ‧ 國. 學. De Lima, E. S., Feijó, B., Barbosa, S. D., Furtado, A. L., Ciarlini, A. E., & Pozzer, C. T. (2014). Draw your own story: Paper and pencil interactive storytelling.. ‧. Entertainment Computing, 5, 33-41.. sit. y. Nat. Donald A. Norman., D. A. (1998). The Design of Everyday Things. Bantam Doubleday. io. al. er. Dell Publishing.. v. n. Donald A. Norman. D. A. (1988). The design of everyday things. Doubled Currency.. Ch. engchi. i n U. Eisner, E. W. (1982). Cognition and curriculum: a basis for deciding what to teach. Longman Group United Kingdom. Fugazza, C., & Miklósi, A. (2015). Social learning in dog training: The effectiveness of the Do as I do method compared to shaping/clicker training. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 171, 146-151. Han, J. H., Jo, M. H., Jones, V., & Jo, J. H. (2008). Comparative study on the educational use of home robots for children. Journal of Information Processing Systems, 4(4), 159-168.. 162.

(180) Hernandez, P., & Ikkanda, Z. (2011). Applied behavior analysis: Behavior management of children with autism spectrum disorders in dental environments. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 142(3), 281-287. Hutt, C. (1971). Exploration and play in children. In R. Herron & B. Sutton-Smith (Eds.), Child’s Play. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Johnson, J. E. (1990). The role of play in cognitive development. In E. Klugman & S. Smilansky(Eds.), Children's play and learning: Perspectives and policy implications. New York: Teachers College Press. Klugman, E., & Smilansky, S. (1990). Children’s play and learning. New York: Teachers College.. 立. 政治大. Mortara, M., Catalano, C. E., Bellotti, F., Fiucci, G., Houry-Panchetti, M., & Petridis,. ‧ 國. 學. P. (2014). Learning cultural heritage by serious games. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 15(3), 318-325.. ‧. Michael Heraghty, User Journeys, Retrieved November 29 2015, from:. sit. y. Nat. io. al. er. http://www.userjourneys.com/blog/difference-ux-usability/. v. n. Nielsen, J. (1993). Usability Engineering. New York: AP Professional.. Ch. engchi. i n U. Nielsen-Norman Group. from: http://www.nngroup.com/about/userexperience.html. Pratt, A., & Nunes, J. (2012). Interactive design: An introduction to the theory and application of user-centered design. United States: Rockport. Piaget, J., & Inhelder, B. (1962). The Psychology of the Child. Basic Books. Piaget, J. (1962). Play, dreams and imitation in children. Rogers, E. M. (2010). Diffusion of innovations. Simon and Schuster. Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of innovation (4th Ed.). New York: The Free.. 163.

(181) Rousseau, J. J. (1979). Emile or on education (A. Bloom, Trans.). New York: Basic. (Originally published 1762). Sokolowski, M. B., & Abramson, C. I. (2010). From foraging to operant conditioning: A new computer-controlled Skinner box to study free-flying nectar gathering behavior in bees. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 188(2), 235-242. Schwier, R. A., & Misanchuk, E. R. (1993). Interactive multimedia instruction. Saffer, D. (2010). Designing for interaction: creating innovative applications and devices. New Riders.. 政治大. Skinner, B. F. (2014). Verbal behavior. BF Skinner Foundation.. 立. Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.. ‧ 國. 學. Sharp, H., Rogers, Y., & Preece, J. (2009). Interaction Design: Beyond HumanComputer Interaction (2nd ed.). England: John Wiley & Sons.. ‧. Nat. io. sit. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 9(2), 1-20.. y. Vargas, E. A. (2007). B. F. Skinner’s Verbal Behavior: an Introduction. Brazilian. er. Vatavu, R. D., Cramariuc, G., & Schipor, D. M. (2015). Touch interaction for children. n. al. i n U. v. aged 3 to 6 years: Experimental findings and relationship to motor skills.. Ch. engchi. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 74, 54-76. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Wood, F. B., Felton, R. H., & Brown, I. S. (1988). The dissociation of attention deficit disorder from reading disability: a reply to Share and Schwartz. Brain Language, 34, 353-358.. 164.

(182) A. 立. 政治大. ‧ 國. 學. 1.. 3. ‧. 2.. A. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 1. 5 2. B. 165. i n U. v.

(183) 立. 政治大. ‧ 國. 學. 1.. ‧. 3. 2.. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. C. Ch. engchi. 1. 5. 2.. D. 166. i n U. v.

(184) 立. 政治大. ‧ 國. 學. 1.. ‧. 4. 2.. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. E. Ch. engchi. 1. 4 2. F. 167. i n U. v.

(185) 立. 政治大. ‧. 2.. io. sit. y. Nat. n. al. er. G. ‧ 國. 5. 學. 1.. Ch. engchi. 168. i n U. v.

(186) 1.. 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. io. sit. y. Nat. n. al. er. 2.. 政治大. Ch. engchi. 169. i n U. v.

(187) ( (. http://www.yooyoo360.com/photo/) http://www.fotosearch.com/CSP884/k21122499/). 政治大. 立. ‧ 國. 學. (. (. http://www.yooyoo360.com/photo/) http://www.youyix.com/dongwujiaocheng/331.html). ‧. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. (. (. (. Ch. http://www.yooyoo360.com/photo/). engchi. i n U. v. (. http://www.58pic.com/tupian/meirenyukatong.html). http://adriancahill.com/). (. https://i.ytimg.com/vi/QFIpQ8LrZWI). http://www.toonvectors.com/clip-art/cartoon(. jellyfish/2362). 170. http://www.nipic.com/zhuanti/1004742.html).

(188) ( http://www.nipic.com/show/3/123/6791506k91b63de1.html. (. http://iguang.tw/u/4219580/article/304773.html). ). (. 政治大. http://pic.qiantucdn.com/58pic/12/02/41). 立. (. ‧. ‧ 國. 學 (. http://www.kepu.net.cn/gb/lives/paleontology/halobios/image s). n. al. er. io. sit. y. http://www.juimg.com/). Nat. (. http://www.tubolo.com/). Ch. engchi. i n U. v. ( (. http://www.juimg.com/) http://www.nipic.com/show/4/79/5623478k9b54b00e.html). 171.