「非正式程序」與「公平性規則」--簡介二個落實公平交易法的重要機制(上)

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(3) r.~~u~J.r~£. ••~J-~~~~~.~~~I*~.~.~(~)Al. ~~~An'~n'~tiM~~. •• ~&ft~IT~'~~~~~~~~~~~fi. ,~~m~~~;ro~~~~~~~~hOOZ~nZ~'~~.~~~~'~. ~M.'~fl~ft~~z~.~~oo~~OO~~~~,~-m~~IT$'~~.. ... ~~~,~~~tt~W*z~o~=~~~~~~~IT~~.m$.w~~m~ ~#~.~~~,~~~.~~. ~w~e~~. fi~W~~ft.ITa~~~~oo·~~ft.~~. •• ~.~~ffl,~~~a.. ••• ~m.~. ~~~~~-~~~a~~~W~~%~~~~-@~~~'~a~re~~. ••. ~~*. B~~a.,.~~~.~.~¢,~re~*.~. •• ~.~~~.. ~ft~.'B.~~~M~IT.~*~~~~o~m~m&~,.~~~*~~. ~ffi.' m:~J~~1it~1t~~m~~~1f~.ff ' ~WJJ~~~.:5(cj:rft~~ ~~-.IT~~fi~.~zr~~~.~Jm~'.~~IT.M.*'.A.~. ••~~.~~••~~AR~~,~tttt~a~~.~m ~~ft• • ~m•• ~m.~~.oo~~'~IT~~~~ffl~~~~.~'~~ ~~IT.no~.g. ~ffi.z~~~~~r.~~mWJzmffo. H~m=~.~. ••#~~ • • ~~~~~~~~'H.~~d.'~~.. $~-*~~'m~~~~~~~~~~~®~~R'~~.~~~w.~a~. $1E11!*mUllJtr-Jwm ' ~-][;I~;!f!.1lt*lj~mJti ' ft~**~~~tmfiXiJl~ , ~ ~OJ~flt;o. It'. r ~IEit~~" J. - " ~~~B)J r~~~~~J-~,~.~&~~~~:5(.cj:r~¥.wm'®H~a~.. til2JiiZti1!ffl ~~ , ~ informal procedure' informal enforcement' informal practices ~ , -lli:~_re~~U;!Fit*ljf~~ifeffl ' f~m. r 'i'$Ara~;!F~tfJ~ , H. ~~~m~~de.~.~.RJ(tt~)o&~tt~~~m~.¥tt.m,~. ~W.H~~ •• ~&~R~~.~ft.~~~&~~~~~.'m~~.#.. fr~~lIHJi~~~h~ r ,1~UlJ$A J ~hA ' ~*~it$rl ' ~~ , :g~~'\¥1*2 tt. e=r :. *. ~ Windbichler.. p. 623.. The Antitrust Bulletin, (Fall, 1980) ,.

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(5) r ~~.if. ;\{{jf J .!I!- r lilt t.ii~jl1 J -. ~ 11'-..:.1iJ ri.1' ~ -f-~' ~~ 't. -1-_..1 ( J:.. ) /43. tEt.ftWT~{lfeg~~~4iEl:. • :lSj~~IT~iEJ:tm1¥ • Q{if~~1.tLA.iEJ:teg.~IJ~~ • 1!e"ff~~~~ITjf~~fFm:1f~~~j!ffl Q{r?tJitt=.IIMJiJff*z~iEJ:t~~ • :lID 0. Ja~BJJ. 0. 1.~n~~~ft" ~.m. ..{t(~~~~~ft\t~ (Federal Trade Commission. Act) (tt-l:::;). ~~.m.~Z~.~~~,e~~~ • • ~.~'.Rar.ITZ_1¥ • • ~. ( Procedure and Rules of Practice). , ~n ~ 1m: ~ 1¥ (general procedures). 0. J. 0. ;tt,*,H~~1¥1iiiHfj.~"ilJ 5ta=. procedure ) • ~F 1& ~J. -~_1¥,*,:fjfHJTM. m1¥ (nonadjudicative. r 1iftfb'M:iiJ[ ( advisory opinions) J ag_. , ~ft*{&Jltmtfjeg1iftrl:l~tE~J[>, .j{l:~ftt/fE~I5J~ ( approve) .IT ~~fi~~~~,~Jlt • • A"ilJ~.~.~ft*~.~~.;ttITa.~(ttA) ;~~r#.~.1¥J'*'1fJiJf.r~ • • ~Jag.~·.~ • • ~~mQ{~fflQ{ 1~;l]U3UfJiLm~f4:ag±:~ 1JJ:t. 0. (1)iJm~M:.J[. .$A~~~~~,*,egITa~~~&&~tt~~·~~~tt~&.IT.H~ f5agiliZmm~Jjj{J{lj (policy guideline) ~ (. ttiL). '~~i;~foH~~>J<:~ a.. m~O~M:m~oW~z'ffW~A,~~~~~Jittr~~~'~~>J<:~a.m. ~n.'t-~~A~~..:..~~.~~~.~L'.~~fl~· l~aE~.~'~M~~~~Al~~o~-.M~~~~*~. ,fftt.1l-1l/!..Mo/j.jl!.1rA.. (ask for clearance) , it« • .1lo/j1rA..~-1I/!..M.~*~~#~~.~.,~~*t~ • • J:.. • • •~4 • • 'M~.~ro/j.jl!.1rA..J~ • .1l'.~ • • ·~. :t~"*"*,. iii 11£:& ji Ji ~.;t jilj Wf ~ 0 -ti ..c : 15 U. s. C. A § 41 et seq. -ti/\.. : Phillip Areeda, Antitrust Analysis: Prblems, Text, Cases ,2nd ed. ( Boston: Little Brown and Company, 1974) , p. 95. ft. ~:~~A.~~~~~~WI.I~~Y~.*M • •. *•• ff~~. ..~*m,Jl'l~.1IJl (enforcement policy guidelines or state ments) olW-1l' fl. Jl-t-lr.J ~""II}J it 'fjf-.,t~~~.i t ~y)~.;~~~~lr.J.* • • • ~~*-.~~~~. ( indus. ••. o.

(6) 44/. $i:f± **1 ~t:. J 7 I.n/. tp'" ~ II 80 -+ 1 JJ. #tllirtl,tti!J! : (l)m3fU$lJfz....& ~~[h,e ' t!~~~ jt **Jt~~WJ"riiJ~ ; (2):W~PJZ..m: ( merger or aquisition) rtl,afffm1f ; (3Htf'H4z.!f:if • •. ~• • • ~~~.J!.~~~affM1f(~+)o~.D~~.J!.~ • • •. ~.JiJT::4z..iEj.\3t.5'I~. ( a formal written statement). '~-Mi~1B~1it1!i. .a.Az.~~& • • •m;~JiJT3fU.lJf~~~ • • ~~,~~ • • • • m~.. ( staff) fF1iX:mJ!1f ( staff opinion letter) 7~~N. ( tt+-). 0. •. • • A~JiJT3fU.lJf~mH• • ·~B~~'.iE• • • ili~ • • *·~.* .!1t~7.RrfJD·rtl'!f:~J! ' jffiiJ£1n'~~Z.JmEB.:y~fl)Uf:t ' @.!t1l~JfrIa.A~~e • • • JiJTaz..mff::4,~~m• •ffWff~(tt+=)'mJ!~ff.&~.~ ( estoppel). rt-Hiffl '. 3l'Hl1~jt*gg.rtl'i!liJ!lifoJ*ElJt~$&:t1. 0. ~~~jl*. d.mili~~J!.·m~_foJ*~ft.·~ • • ~~~.M'~1n'.a~~~~. ( tt+.=.). fff¥~. (2)liiJli1flt~. it. it -I. . -I-. 0. ( consent order) (tt+gg) (tt+li). : 16 C. F. R. § 1.l(a) ( 1989). o·. - : A. D. Neale & D. G. Goyder, The Antitrust Laws of the United States of America, 3rd ed., ( Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980), p. 391.. ft -I. ..::.: 16 C. F. R. § 1. 3(b) ( 1989 ) .. it+. "=":16C. F. R.§1.3(c)(1989).. ft -I. ~: ~ i.; 4r+lf.] 1lt A' Jt.. 'It • .t:..~. r~. J (stipulation). lr.] ~lJf. 0. ~r~~J.Jf~'~ • • ~~~·~a~ • • lr.]ff~~~.~~. ~~ff~'~*~.~~~~*~~~·~~%-~~~~~'~. * (complaint). lr.]iE.J\.~.tJfiL!lp~~ '~%~I.;Ut:.~~~'f<.l~lf.]. _~'~~*iE.J\.a.~'~~mMft~~%·~~~~~~%~. If-#' • ,l:I:At r. ~~. J ~.tJf ~ P3Ht..f.~. WJf ~ i~ ~ ~ff ~ ,. y,. -:l- Fl. ~~~~~ff~~~o-~*-~~~ffFl~.+.Jf~,r~~J lr.]~lJf!lp ~.fIl-~ftl. (abandoned) if-R. Susen Wagner, The. Federal Trade Commission, New York: Praeger Publishers, Inc., 1971, p. 65-66..

(7) r.Z~«~J.r.~ft.~J. ~~~~~~~~~I~~t~.~(l)A5. ... ~~m~~'~~M,~~*.&~~~~,~~m~~~~ff~MA'~ .~~~,~.~~~.~~~~.~.~o~. (negotiate) ag1J;i\*mi:R:rQ~19. 0. ~m~~~a. •• ~ ••. .~J:~j!*1itFcJ~!PJl&:1!i~itFcJli.~~. ~& • • *ag~fiR~t~~~~~~mmmm~~rr~.om~~mm~~,. ••• R~mfit~X•• rr.~' •• ~~.~Z~3.rrH~o ••ag.rr.~.j! ••iliagFcJ•• ~~ ••a.,w~•••~~~~FcJ m.~ag.~t~~.ZFcJ •• ~~~-~mwz.;i\o~~m~~~=~~~. ~. ~. •• ~.'.m•• ~•• ~3,.~•• ~~.m~m•••• ~'~~~. ~~~~~. ••rr~~rra~'m.~~~~~~~~tt(tt+A)o~~,~. ~~M~~~*~~~~.'~fi*~R~~~~~-~o ~~jttt1i~~~.. .... ' •• 1f~A~:5Cff (public. ~~0ii (Federal Register). 1: 0. ~«P.A+BI7\J. ~~.~~~~~~~,~~.~o. record) '5lfz~«P~~. ' fIJ~IBH~A~~lOJm.~!PJ. ~MM~~~·~~~.~~m·~. ~~~~Z~~'5lfz~~~~m~~H*m~(tt+t)o FcJ• • ~.~.*.~~~~'ffi~A~.~.*a~mrra~~ho~.. •• ~~~~.m$~(tt+J\) ·~~ft~!PJ~~~1!i~~~IOJ. $~~m~(tt+ft)'~~~&FcJ •• ~~rra'~~ •• 1!i.Bli~~~~ fr1~x ( tt=+). ~~~~IOJ. 0. 2. ~~$&ff:JlLAA-Jm. ft+. A:4L~~.4'.~~~.~~'~*~~fi~*.+.~oL. 16 C. F. R. § 2. 31(b) ( 1989) . 'i.t +. *: Talbot. Show Lindstrom & Kevin P. Tighe, Trade Regu. lation By Negotiation: Federal Trade Commission Conent Decrees, (Washington D. C. : The Bureau of National Aff airs, Inc., 1974) , p. 18 . -tt + .;.t:-: 16 C. F. R. § 2.34 ( 1989 ) . ~. + )'\..: Wagner,. ~ f.r ~ I ft. + ~ , Jf 64 -. 16 C. F. R. § 2.41 (1989) .. 1;.t+. :IL:. -tt..::... + : Wagner, pqf.r 51ft + ~ , Jf. 65.. 65..

(8) 46/. !1~l*tJ~1:. , 7 ~/ tj:z .. ~ II 80 Jf- 1 ~. (l)/Glm$!lR: ( consent. decree). ~~.~.m&~~~.#~,~.~. •• ~~~*m,~.#rr~m~~. .r~~~~Jo~~.~~£~~.~~R.~&.fi~~'.~. ~f&m.' ~~nxlf.$IJ~Jj;z~rr. Jltfm~A-~iIDilJ~~~~~ra'!lfJ:~~. 0. ,&~.#~g~lR:~~~( ':='ff111iHI~.ff. '. •• ~~.. )~~~iIDm.~~M~. ••~.~&A. 1mmfl~~.!jlGfl.~ffij § ,:fSj~1i~j , ~~EI3~~.mJg~. ~.fi~'*.~~~~fi~~ZhA.W( 15.l~$jik~• •~f&~ ~jirs~~~~~lj1ii. -)0. , 1PJ~*Ij#eiP.J~~~Rii~ ( confirm) ,. (tt=+.:=.). 0. *~~~. ~~$lj~~s&~.-~fi~JiJT~$j~1!WJI:. '. ' .'*tm~&l5.lii$lj~z~~ , Hl1~~~ilil~.(contempt court) Z~j!( (tt=+gg) {1ltm~~fHl:BfijJ~:fi ' ~a)nt~ml5l8fi. ilJ1~!L¢[~~it.A. of. 0. ~~'~R.~~~M~'.&I5.l.~~Z~~(tt=+li)o (2)fi~*~fjJ=:f. ( Antitrust Division business review procedure)·. ~~.B~~fl&AfHmB~~~~,m&~ill~~~~~~~m~T'~ 1itJtt:&:~~~tP~fi~rr~. =+-A). 0. , ~a~~fArr~JI. &~illWT,Ii5j:tmit~kAzmurl:f~. (enforcement intention). ,~ r. .~. (tt. (business review. ~tt~)J~~~~rrmfi'~.M.m~!jlGI5.l~~rr~(tt=+t)oilJ~~. t~+-:~.R~a.t*t*~.~,~~.~~t"~mS*M~~~. , Jl. ~ 'f :alIUI.1i.Jf-. 0. Neale & Goyder ' Jal;r.r. ~I ft. + - , Jf. 380.. -tt..::.. +..::.. : Areeda, Jalllt ?I-tti\' , Jf 57 .. • ,. -~AA.::r~*#'t-~~AJf-~*'.~M*.~~*.~ ~1f1i".:t.A:+~i).Jal-t:~I.ffM~. 0. JL The Report of the At. torney General's Committee, Chapter II ft..::..+ ~. t"::"+e!:7 t~+. t Neale & Gogder, ibid, note 1. : Neale & Goyder, ibid, p. 381.. : Ibid.. 1i. : Ibid.. tt~+:1;. : 28 C. F. R. § 50.6 ( 1989) .. tt~+k. : Areeda, Jalllt ~[-ti,;\... ,. Jf 95.. m, p. 360. #?I.

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(25) r$~~.hJ.r.£~.~J-~~~M~f~~~I~~t~.~(~)/~. ·~~fi~~a~~~,*~~.a.~~o .~~~ft•• ~~.0~.A+li.A+~.Z.~'.OO~.~. •••. ~.~M~~a'B~~~o~~-ftt~~~~~ti~.M~®&~~.~ili ~·~~~~~~~~~~¥~~*.M~~rr(tt~+li)o~~fi4.~~. rra~~~. •• r$M~~ft~~J'fi~~-~~'~M~~§M•••*~. -~&fi®B(tt*+~) ,ru~~.~ili~*0~~~~~~o ~&~M~.~~Mm~,.~~a.~~~~. ••~.m•• ~.0~.. A+*.&.A+li.~~~,~a~.o.A+li.~~~OO~. · m-ft/\t~+-j] +t 8 ~ Philip. ••~•• ~. Morris/Rothmans~$ljl;IHtllM~*~f!,. ~~rrtt(tt~+t)'.~.*~.7rftOO. •• J~.fflB~o.A+~.. •• ~.~.ffl,~~-ftt=~ Can *¢.~f!~flI1BiEA1i~{'Fa~*,J~~~1i<f1l ' m~~Mz~F. fi.m.~~.&~M~~.~~rra'. Continental. n.r.+t.m~J~.~m~~fia'~~*~~.~ffl.~.tt~rftOO. •• j~~~,~.~a.~~m~ •••~~A,~~~rr~~.M~M(tt A+'\). 0. ~.~~ft~E~0~.*+~. •• =~.~'~m~~.~~~~$AZ. ~~.~~~,m~.~~.#(.~~.mm~'~~.Z.#'AA~&ft~) o.OO~g~'~~.~~4.~~~rra,~~m~.~*A$~liZft~,. ~~g~~.M~Z.#'W.~~~~~~D.~~~(tt*+ft)o~. ft"*-t-1i.. : Bilijde Inkomstlaan 1,. ••. Merger Control in the EEC: A. Survey of European Competition Laws, ( Deventer: Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, 1988) , p. 280. 11 :f;;- -t-:f;;- : Ibid., p. 282. ft:f;;--t-k : Ibid., p. 228. tt*-t-A : Ibid.. I. p. 240.. 11:f;;- -t- fL : .f;. /JtJ Christian Clemens Traumann. Die Zusage im Ver. fahren der Zusammenschlusskontrolle (Koln: Heymann, 1977 ) , S. 23 ff ...

(26) 64/ ~A±''*tl~l:. ~. 1.17J(}]/4''''~~80-+1Jl. ••• ~~~.~~~,~~r~~Jm~~.M~~~~m~,~~mft. •• ~~~~••• ~~~ ••• ~o. d.#~~~~.'. ... a.Aft~~.~ff~~.~~3.'.~~ft. ••• ~••~~.A+li. .. ... -m&.~m~.~,.~.~.~~~~m'.~~E~.~D~Z.~. '~~.~~A~~D.~.~,-. o • • A.~~rAW. ~~.~~. ~~~~~(ttt+). •• J~~~'.~.~m~.~~ •• ~r~.J~g. ~~·~~.~~~~m~~~.~.~~~~ft~~.#~~~o~~tt~~. .'~~~. ••~~R•• #8.M.,m~~~~.~~.~~•• ~••a. m~.w~*(ttt+-),~~m~~m.~.ffi~~ffio. ='J:t~7t*". (-) r ~IEzt'!l~ J z.~ ~~~m~~~.ffi.~~. ••~m.~~fi.Hft~.~~•• 'd.~. ~W.~ww~.m.~.~~~~~~'~~A.gm~ftm~m~'H~~. :ao::x. 0. l:.gl~~ .~m~~ffi~W.Mft~.~~~~~~~~,~~~~~.~W&~~. ~.#o~~~.~.~~~.M.~~ffA'~~~**~ffA.ft.~,~. ~~~**ffA~~'~~~.~~~m.~~ffloffi~m.~m~~~~~~ ~~'~~.~~~~~n~~~'~A~~: (1)~.PJ¥!;fI~n11f. ... .m.~~&~ ~.~.~&~. n.w,m.¥!~. •• ~~ ••~'.~~¥!$~~.~~'B*~&~•• ~'.~~*PJ¥!.~~no~*~mm¥!$~~.~~~. •• ~~.ft~~-~~n,.~~~.~.¥!~~•• ,~. ~m.~PJ¥!~~~~n11f~~o~~.~m~~~~*~,~~~m~M.~. .'~~W~PJ¥!~~w~~~'~§~'~m~EnRm¥!m~'~~~~~ ~~.~~~J6j.)E~o. (2)~ffa~ ffl ~ ~n11f. ftk. -t-: 1'''1 "<if -t- rll Allen Boyer' 1f.r s! ftJi. -t-. ftk-t-- : Ibid., p. 921.. •. * ' p.. 921 et seq..

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