BioFormosa（2009）44(2): 69-74
Anyphaena wuyi Zhang, Zhu et Song 2005, A Newly Recorded Spider
from Taiwan (Araneae, Anyphaenidae)
Shyh-Hwang Chen*
Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University Taipei, Taiwan
(Received: 12 January 2010, accepted: 8 March 2010)
ABSTRACT
Anyphaena wuyi Zhang, Zhu et Song 2005 is newly recorded from Taiwan. It
belongs to the Anyphaena pacifica species group and can be distinguished from all the other congeners by the following combination of characters: the female having a nearly rectangular atrium in front of the epigynum and an enlarged reniform spermatheca; the male having a pronounced ventral knob on all coxae of legs and on the base of palpal tibia, and bearing a bifurcated retrolateral tibial apophysis that is composed of a smaller, pointed dorsal branch and a larger, blunt-tipped with a ventral-keeled and lateral-serrated ventral one. A. wuyi is widely distributed in the forests of Taiwan proper and Lanyu Island. It is ranged from sea shore up to 2100 m above the sea level in elevation. The family Anyphaenidae is recorded from Taiwan for the first time.
Key words: Araneae, Anyphaenidae, Anyphaena wuyi, new record, Taiwan Introduction
The anyphaenid spiders are nocturnal hunters that inhabit mainly in the foliage of vegetation or in the leaf litter under the forest. They are characterized by having a wide, advanced tracheal spiracle located far from the anterior lateral spinnerets, notched trochanters on legs, and 2-10 rows of lamelliform (or spatulate) setae in the claw tufts (Platnick, 1974; Richman and Ubick; Roth, 1993; Zhang et al., 2005). The Anyphaenidae is a large family including 56 genera and about 510 species worldwide. Genus Anyphaena Sundevall 1833 comprising of about 80 species is the largest genus of the family (Platnick, 2010). Six species of anyphaenids have been recorded from East Asia and all belong to the genus
Anyphaena (Platnick, 2010; Song et al., 1999;
Zhang et al., 2005; Zhang et Song, 2004). Among which, two species, Anyphaena
ayshides and A. pugil were from Japan and
another four species, A. bivalve, A. mogan, A.
wuyi and A. xiushanensis were from mainland
China. Anyphaena pugil is also found in Korea. No anyphaenid spider has ever been found in Taiwan. Recently, the author examined anyphaenid spiders collected from Taiwan. The morphology of these specimens agree with that of Anyphaena wuyi Zhang, Zhu et Song 2005 described from Fujian, China. In this paper, I redescribe both sexes of A. wuyi based on materials from Taiwan. The family Anyphaenidae is recorded from Taiwan for the first time.
Materials and Methods
Spiders were collected from various localities of Taiwan by searching the foliage along the trails at night. Examined specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol and deposited in
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the Arachnological collection of the Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University (NTNUB-Ar). All measurements given are in mm. Measurements of palp are shown as: total length (femur, patella, tibia, tarsus). Measurements of leg are shown as: total length (femur, patella and tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). Abbreviations used in this paper are: AER, anterior eye row; ALE, anterior lateral eye; AME, anterior median eye; MOA, median ocular area; PER, posterior eye row; PLE, posterior lateral eye; PME, posterior median eye.
Systematic Account
Anyphaena wuyi Zhang, Zhu et Song 2005
(Figs. 1-6)
Anyphaena wuyi Zhang, Zhu and Song, 2005: 2,
f. 1-10.
Specimens examined
ILAN: 2♀♀ (NTNUB-Ar 11061, 11062), Taipingshan, elev. 1900 m., 29 June 1994, S.-H. Chen leg. TAOYUAN: 1♀ (NTNUB-Ar 9544), Fuhsing, Paling, elev. 1500m. 23 April 1994, S.-H. Chen leg. HUALIEN: 1♀ (NTNUB-Ar 31735), Hsiulin, Kueilin, elev. 2100 m., 12 May 2007, S.-S. Liou leg. PINGTUNG: 1♂ (NTNUB-Ar 1101), Taiwu, Kueiko, elev. 2100 m., 1 April 1994, S.-H. Chen leg. TAITUNG: 1♀ (NTNUB-Ar 11864), Lanyu, Chungai Bridge, elev. 10 m., 27 October 2000, W.-J. Huang leg.; 1♀ (NTNUB-Ar 18950), Chinfeng, Lichiu, elev. 1000 m., 15 February 2003, S.-H. Chen leg.
Diagnosis
Anyphaena wuyi having a round ventral
knob on all coxae of the male, hooked conductor, and without a hood on the epigynum most resembles A. gertschi Platnick 1974. It can be separated from the latter by the female with a nearly rectangular atrium in front of the epigynum and an enlarged oblique reniform spermatheca, and the male having a bifurcated retrolateral tibial apophysis, containing a
smaller, pointed dorsal branch and a larger, blunt-tipped, with a ventral-keeled and lateral-serrated ventral one.
Description
Female (NTNUB-Ar 11061). Total length 7.22; carapace length 3.03, width 2.41; abdomen length 4.19, width 2.31. Measurements of palp and legs: palp 3.57 (1.04, 0.48, 0.72, 1.33); leg I 12.23 (3.54, 4.46, 2.85, 1.38), II 11.61 (3.23, 4.23, 2.77, 1.38), III 8.62 (2.54, 2.85, 2.15, 1.08), IV 10.00 (3.23, 2.31, 3.23, 1.23). Diameters of eyes in ratio, AME: ALE: PME: PLE = 0.13: 0.18: 0.18: 0.18.
Carapace ovoid, head region compressed, an elongated black longitudinal thoracic groove in the middle of thorax, and both cervical grooves and radial grooves distinctively. AER slightly recurved in front view, PER procurved, PER longer than AER. PME = PLE= ALE >AME. Distance between AMEs (0.05) same as that of between AME and ALE, distance between PMEs (0.13) slightly longer than that of between PME and PLE (0.10). MOA length 0.52, anterior width 0.31, posterior width 0.52. Height of clypeus 0.78 times diameter of AME. Chelicerae brown, lateral condyle (boss) not prominent, promargin of fang groove armed with 4 robust triangular teeth and retromargin with 8 smaller teeth; fang brown, with a dark brown base. Endite brown, longer than width and narrow proximally. Labium longer than width and widest in middle. Sternum cardinal shape, light brown, surrounded by a brown marginal band, each with a dark brown mark in opposite to labrum, rear end and coxae of legs; posterior end of sternum intruding between coxae IV. Legs light brown, scattered with some black spots and having a distinct distal black band on femur. All coxae smooth, without a ventral knob. Scorpulae well developed on ventral side of all metatarsi and tarsi. Tarsi with two claws, claw tufts composed of lamelliform setae. Leg formula 1-2-4-3. Opisthosoma oblong, ventral pale brown, dorsum dark grayish brown, with a pair of longitudinal white markings anteriorly; tracheal spiracle large, located about one third
Anyphaena wuyi of Taiwan
from epigastric furrow to anterior lateral spinnerets. Epigynum (Figs. 2, 3) with an atrium anteriorly, a pair of heavily sclerotized hoods and copulatory openings on sides of
atrium, each copulatory duct coils two spirals then leading to a large reniform spermatheca. Part of copulatory ducts and spermatheca seen through tegument.
Figure 1. Anyphaena wuyi, NTNUB-Ar 31735, an adult female from Kueilin, Hsiulin, Hualien Co., elev. 2100 m.
Figure 2–6. Anyphaena wuyi. 2, epigynum, ventral view; 3, vulva, dorsal view; 4, left male palp, prolateral view; 5, left male palp, ventral view; 6, left male palp, retrolateral view. 2-3, female, NTNUB-Ar 11061; 4-6, male, NTNUB-Ar 1101. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
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Male (NTNUB-Ar 1101). Similar to female in shape and coloration. Total length 6.84; carapace length 3.24, width 2.50; abdomen length 3.60, width 2.51. Measurements of palp and legs: palp 4.60 (1.64, 0.63, 0.85, 1.48); leg I 15.46 (4.07, 5.79, 3.95, 1.65), II 14.76 (3.88, 5.54, 3.69, 1.65), III 10.24 (2.99, 3.56, 2.48, 1.21), IV 14.26 (3.98, 4.71, 4.20, 1.37). Diameters of eyes in ratio, AME: ALE: PME: PLE = 0.10: 0.17: 0.17: 0.17.
Distance between AMEs (0.05) slightly longer than that of between AME and ALE (0.03), distance between PMEs (0.13) slightly longer than that of between PME and PLE (0.10). MOA length 0.48, anterior width 0.27, posterior width 0.48. Height of clypeus 0.9 times diameter of AME. Promargin of fang groove armed with 4 robust triangular teeth and retromargin with 8 (left) or 7 (right) smaller teeth. Legs light brown, scattered with some black spots on base of spines, distal end of femur without any distinctively black band. All coxae with a pronounced ventral knob. Leg formula 1-2-4-3. Opisthosoma oblong, ventral pale brown, dorsum dark grayish brown, with a central pale brown markings. Palpal tibia (Figs. 4-6) approximately two times as long as wide, with a small knob at base; retrolateral tibial apophysis bifurcated, containing a smaller, pointed dorsal branch and a larger, blunt-tipped with a ventral-keeled and lateral-serrated ventral one. Median apophysis racket-shaped, with two minute processes near truncated tip. Conductor elongated, fang-shaped and curved ventrally.
Variations. Both coloration and markings varied enormously through population and individuals. Five females were measured with mean in parentheses. Total length 6.38-8.14 (7.29); carapace length 2.75 -3.57 (3.09), width 2.12-2.78 (2.44); abdomen length 3.63-5.15 (4.20), width 2.01-3.94 (2.61). Promargin of fang groove armed with 4 robust triangular teeth, and retromargin varying from 8 to10 small teeth. Leg formula mostly 1-2-4-3, only one individual (NTNUB-Ar 18950) having leg formula 1-4-2-3 same as that of holotype.
Distribution
China (Fujian and Guizhou) and Taiwan. Discussion
Anyphaena wuyi having a round ventral
knob in all coxae of males and the morphological features of female copulatory organs makes it undoubtedly belong to the
Anyphaena pacifica species group (Platnick,
1974). Anyphaena wuyi was first described based on type specimens collected from a National Nature Reserve in Mt. Wuyi, Fujian Province, China, with the elevation between 300 and ca. 2100 m above the sea level. Another population of A. wuyi was recorded from Daozhen, Guizhou, China (Zhang et al., 2005), a place located approximately 900 km NWW to the Mt. Wuyi. It seems that A. wuyi has a wide-ranged distribution in southern China, including Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guizhou, Guangdong, and Guangxi Provinces. According to the present records of Anyphaena in China (Song et al., 1999; Zhang and Song, 2004), A. wuyi may be distributed
parapatrically with A. mogan in Zhejiang and A.
xiushanensis in Hubei and Sichuan but may be
sympatrically with A. bivalve in Guangxi. Unfortunately, the distribution records are still insufficient that needs further broad field investigations before making the conclusion. Contrarily, all populations of A. wuyi in Taiwan were found mainly in the forests of mountainous regions of Taiwan proper and in an off-shore island, Lanyu Island. The elevation is ranged from the sea shore up to about 2100 m above the sea level. Intraspecific variations are more extensive in the populations of Taiwan than those of Mainland China. For instance, the color patterns of A. wuyi from Taiwan are varied inter- and intra-populationally, only one female (NTNUB-Ar 18950) out of six individuals measured shares the same leg formula (1-4-2-3) with the type specimens, and numbers of the cheliceral teeth with 4 robust promarginal and 8-10 small retromarginal teeth in Taiwanese population differ from those of the Mt. Wuyi
Anyphaena wuyi of Taiwan
population in which the male holotype with 3 promarginal and 6 minute retromarginal teeth. Although the holotype of A. wuyi was originally documented by the authors in having 3 promarginal teeth, there is a distinct 4th tooth shown in their figure (Zhang et al. 2005: 3, fig. 2). In addition, the shape of atrium in front of the epigynum is not always a typical quadrate but narrower posteriorly to form a triangular atrium in some individuals. However, both internal genital organs of female and palpal structures of male of Taiwanese specimens are identical to those of type series. I considered all populations of anyphaenids from Taiwan should be conspecific and belonged to
Anyphaena wuyi. The differences between
populations of Taiwan and mainland China are probably due to insufficient or small sampling size of the types in the original description. Acknowledgments
I sincerely thank Wen-Juen Huang at the Luye Junior High School, Taitung for field assistance and invaluable references. I also appreciate Hsi-Hsuan Liu and Lo-Hsuan Chung at the National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei for field assistance and measurements of specimens. The present study is a part of project, Araneofauna of Taiwan, granted by the National Science Council, Executive Yuan (NSC97-2321-B-003-005-MY2).
References
Platnick NI. 1974. The spider family Anyphaenidae in America north of Mexico. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard, 146: 205-266.
Platnick NI. 2010. The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spid
ers/catalog/index.html. (accessed 9 January 2010)
Richman DB and Ubick D. 2005. Anyphaenidae. P. 66-67 in Ubick D, Paquin P, Cushing PE and Roth V (eds.) Spiders of North America: an identification manual. American Arachnological Society.
Roth VD. 1993. Spider Genera of North America, 3rd ed. American Arachnological Society.
Song DX, Zhu MS and Chen J. 1999. The spiders of China. Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang.
Sundevall JC. 1833. Conspectus Arachnidum. Londini Gothorum, pp. 1-39.
Zhang C and Song DX. 2004. A new speciesw of the genus Anyphaena from China (Araneae: Anyphaenidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, 13(1): 11-13.
Zhang F, Zhu MS and Song DX. 2005. A new
Anyphaena species from China (Araneae:
*通信作者：陳世煌（Shyh-Hwang Chen）；FAX：886-2-29312904；E-mail：alchen@ntnu.edu.tw
台灣新記錄種武夷近管蛛之記述（蜘蛛目，近管蛛科）
陳世煌* 國立臺灣師範大學生命科學系 （收稿日期：2010.1.12，接受日期：2010.3.8） 摘 要本文首次記載武夷近管蛛（Anyphaena wuyi Zhang, Zhu et Song 2005）在台灣本島和蘭嶼之發 現。武夷近管蛛屬於太平洋近管蛛種群（Anyphaena pacifica species group）與本屬其他種類之主要 區別為：雌蛛的交配口位於外雌器上方略成長方形凹窩之兩側，以及具有膨大的腎形受精囊；雄蛛 的觸肢脛節突起為二分叉，背叉短小而尖銳，腹叉大而鈍，具有鋸齒狀外側緣和一條腹面的稜脊。 武夷近管蛛廣泛分布於台灣 2100 公尺以下山區。本文根據台灣之武夷近管蛛標本重新描述、拍照 及繪圖。近管蛛科為台灣之新記錄科。
