常用俄文名字派生詞之形態結構、語義及應用

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(1)mm~~~~~~z~~~.'~~&~m. Forms of Russian names, their meanings and usage. Hui-ching Mao * Abstract Russians pay a lot of attention to their names, thus they have developed a unique culture of names. Russian names have a variety of forms, which can be divided into full names, short names and names of subjected evaluation. The full name is the formal name, which is used in documents and formal situations. The short name is the one most often used, and which does not imply any particular emotions. Other subjected-evaluated forms like the diminutive and unceremonious are formed by suffixes. They are used independently or used with the short form interchangeably. The history of Russian names is divided into three periods: before the Christianization of Kievan Rus', after the Christianization of Kievan Rus'and before the October Revolution, and after the October Revolution. The Russians name their children by choosing from a limited pool of names. Today the majority of names are from the "calendar names". With some exceptions most full names also have short names. While there is no specific correlation between full names and short names, the short names can be divided into three groups: the hard consonants, the soft consonants and the ones with suffix. -ml-)IC. The diminutive names are the ones with the suffixes. -OQK(a), -e~(a). -eHbK(a) and the unceremonious names are the ones with suffixes -ynn<.a/-rollKa, -yma/-rolla,. -Ka.. Russian names have different forms. While communicating, the orator will choose an appropriate form according to age, time, place, relations, mood. etc., in order to express his emotions. Becoming acquainted with the main forms of'Russian names and their meanings and usage of the forms will surely enhance the ability to communicate in Russian. Key words: name, Russian name, form, full name, short name Lecture of Department of Russian, National Chengchi Uriiversity.. 3.

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(13) .1'>;. ". ~ffl~~~*~~~Z~~~.'~~&~ffi. f-f~~2i~I¥J-fj!ii!lli:W~5! ' £~-~~~ii!* ' m*~tf ffi MarnyHe'IKa' Manl)'IDl ,. Mapyc.ll ; tln!if!~~~::ftfiJjjI. ' 7J3?:1f'ti::fjjl~ , 1f~mm.Jmffi MaIIIKa ' {fi1H~AZrs' , Ij\rf<zra' , ~ArolRzra'fu1ittf~ffl. 0. 17. ~)(i1*~fiID'~fiP):9f..I¥J~~1f~fj!iHf ' 1l*7HfJj]j~1¥J MapIDI:9f.. ,{~ HpHHa ill1il. I¥J im ffiJ ~ Hpa'. i1. 't:; I¥J ~ :i;t ~U 1f Hpo'!Ka, HpKa, HpHHO'IKa, HpHHKa, HpHIllKa,. HPHHyIlIKa; .xtlO HaTaJIb.lI illfli1*l¥Jimfi~ HaTaIIIa' Jt.'t:;I¥J~~1f HaTaIlIeHLKa. HaTaIIIe'IKa. HaTaJIeHbKa. HaTaJIbKa. HaTa. HaTKa, Haro'IKa, HaTKHH, HaTYc.ll, Tyc.ll, TyceHbKa. Tama, HaryJI.ll, HaTaIIIKa, HaTaxa. ' ill®~~,&r:p1f®~JIi~fl53n~ffil¥J '1f®~1f1J~I¥J11:fi f-f~~ 0. ~ffxml¥J)1i-~AmL§j , ~~tfffi1fI¥J~~~gf::fW.1l!t ' {fi~~1itffil¥J~tlID~~Uf:fJt.~\ 'ill1fWJ~ml¥Jff!JjMW:@,fWo. ~)(i1*1it ffil¥J~±Il~iJf&~l¥Jtl1'i/j\~~I¥J~~ , ±~~lilimfiID~1Jof&~.~. I¥J. 0. 1fX)(i1*MffiJID~ffiJzrJ:l~1fm*'t~ , {flm;J\~~I¥JID~Wimfizrs'~U1fm*,llJM '. PJft<imfil¥J::::U?JIl*:fr: 1) ~jJi.fr~frJ~I¥JMfi ' jM1itWr~~f&~-o'IK(a) , tlo BOBO'IKa (BOI~a imfi / BJI3)I;HMHp ~fi),. ,D;HMO'IKa ()J;HMa / ,D;MHTPHH), IOpo'IKa (lOpa /lOpHH), Hpo'IKa (Hpa / HpHHa), JIeHO'IKa. (JIeHa / EJIeHa), JIH,Uo'IKa (JIH,Ua / JIH,UIDI), J1H30'IKa (JIH3a / EJIH3aBeTa), JI106o'IKa (JIro6a / JIro60Bb), JIro.n:O'IKa (JIro.n:a / JIIO.n:MHJIa), MHJIo'IKa (MHJIa / JIro.n:MHJIa), llIypO'IKa (llIypa I AneKCaH.ll:Pa). 0. ill;ffl¥J.~iijtJ!~futf:.P;;~1E19.1f'~fil¥J:tz:tEi1* Anna' Bepa ' HHHa ID~:fr53ll~. ArrJIO'IKa ' Bepo'IKa ' HHHO'IKa. ' Jt.m/j\~~1¥J. 0. 2) ~j)IiXrtf~~I¥JMffiJP)-eHLK(a)ID-e'!K(a)~f&ki ' P)WJ~tb~1itJt ' tlD liOpeHLKa (liop.ll imfi I liOPHC ~ffiJ), BHTeHbKa (BIIT.lI I BHKTOp), Bono.n:eHbKa (Bono}.tll I BJIa.n:HMHp), KoneHbKa (KoJI.ll I HHKonau), MHTeHLKa (MItT.lI / ,D;MHTPHH), TOneHI>Ka (ToJI.ll / AHaroJIHu), raJIeHbKa (raJI.ll / raJIHHa), KaTeHbKa (KaT.ll / EKaTepHHa), JIlOceHLKa (JIIOC.lI / JIIO.Il:MHJIa),. 17. Russian Names, http://learningrussian.cominarne.htm. 15.

(14) ~ ~ ; ,~~.. fft~~. m+M. ~~ 95. if 10 jj. ....:J.t ,.,. Ha,neHbKa (Ha,nJI I Ha,ne)l{,l.Ul), HaCTelIbKa (HacDI I AHacTacIDI), OJIeHbKa (OIDI I Omra), ~. IOJIeHbKa (IOIDI IIOJIIDI) tJ-mI ~~l¥Jlmm. 0. '. ...... ~Utt~1ft;:€J~e'lKa ' ~ BaHe'IKa (BaIDI I HBaH), )l{eHe'IKa ()l{emI I. EBreHllli), AHe'lKa (AmI I AHHa), 3) tJ-rnal-)Ka ~~l¥Jlmm. '. C6~e~{ComIl CO$MI), TaHe'IKa (TamIl TaTbSlHa) 18 0. IlJ.tJJf3-eHbK(a)fa-e'lK(a)~m1&~ , ttt~J'-XTif~~l¥Jfm ,....-~. f¥J-ff ' tJ-mr:tf~ffilm ' tlD AnemeHbKa (Anema Imf¥J I AneKceH 3::f¥J), llarneHbKa (llama I llaseJI), CarneHbKa (Cama I AneKcaH.!lP), Cepe)J(eHbKa (Cepe:lKa I CepreH), ,[I.arneHbKa (,[I.arna I ". ,[I.apbSl), MameHbKa (Mama I MapHR), HaTameHbKa (HaTarna I HaTaJIbR)~. 0. A;g;..~;g;~I¥J-${J} , fft3t;g;~lliW~/J"~~1¥J1&~ , ~M!llm~;g;~'Mr:p , J'ilTtJtlD *1:Eft*7:{Wffj~fa;g;~{'F~~' 1lJ.*J;jfft3t.~I¥J~~~' ttt~WJ~J;j;g;~~mIDAI¥J7fW. 0. (9tltlD~-o'IK(a)~7K/J"I¥J~J~,' tttm{*lS;imHII'~Z~ 'i&~r mJj,,~~ JZf¥J' tlD MaMO'IKa. (MaMa), nanO'IKa (nana),. B3.30'IKa. (B33a), JIaMno'lKa (JIaMna)~ ; 53)1.. , [;§m/J"~Tml¥J*1!§=m. ~tt~/J"I¥J' i:f1.1rmlliffl¥J1&~' tlD KpOBaTO'lKa (KpOBaTh), JIOma,nO'IKa (JIOma,nb) 191&~-e'lK(a) 0. ~-o'IK(a)I¥J~7f5 ' ~Iil~~;f§~ , tlD mIHe'IKa (mImI), Tt!Te'IKa (Trn), .zume'lKa (AAAA) -eHbK(a)±~i:f1.~m/J"~~. .zumeHbKa (AAAA). :&. llaBJIHK (,[I.HMa). 0. -p. 1&~. , .1zJtl~m .. ~r:p , tlD ,nO'leHbKa (,nO'lb), Tt!TeHbKa (reDI),. 0. Ji~~mf~/J~~I¥J1&~ -HI<, -OK '::r:~~EB;g;~I¥J3::m~~m: ~~fN~. 0. ,. 0. 1&~ -HI< mte. tzo MapHK (MapK), JIaspHI< (JIaspeHTHH), 1OpHI< (lOpa), lllypHK (lllypa)tJ. (llaseJI)~. ; 1&~ -OK 1¥J;g;~~UtlD HropeK (HroPb), <bHJIHnnOK (<bHJIHnn), ,[I.HMOK. -HI< fa -OK ~~tE;g;~~ijJ~ , [;§lftm1:EfttE;g;~Wf' ~~1J?tltE{~~§:'I¥J~~ ,. ~amtBi:I¥J~J~, ' m1:Ett~murnI~~J¥J~zra' , Mt~7f-mW ' ~~)1.. , ~~7f-1Hllftra'!U1 {*I¥J~~' tlD CBemK (CBeTa), 1IIoCHK (1IIoCR), HHHOK (HHHa), HpOK (Hpa), JIH30K (1IH3a)~. 18 BelIC6m.u<W1, YKa3. CO'!. c. 120. 19 KpOBaTb ffi JlOma,nh tEfPJijl(;~~~ , iiifEBxti~~ , txif~RXJiJ1!ff ' RIJ[T'] -. [T] , [.n.'] -. TOJlKOBhdi CJI0sapb CJlOBOO6pa'30BaTeJIbHbIX e)J,HHHQ pyCCKOro Jl3bIK3.. MOCKBa: PyCCKHH Jl3bIK. 20 BeE6HQK3R, YKa3. CO'!. cc.. 124-125. -1iK f1]. -OK. 20. [.11.] • T.<I». Eq>peMOsa. 1996, c. 356.. ~tE~~~EBf&rnI1:!! ii r t/iilJ" ~~ JEBi:"!i!1- ' t!O MOCTIiK (MOCT),. KOBpHK (KOBEp), XBOCTliK (XBOCT), seTepoK (serep), .n.OMOK (.n.OM), JlecolC (Jlec) ~. 16. 0. 0.

(15) • ',...... ~t-. 'm-m~:i~~~~fjjZ7f)~;f.6~ • ~Il~m. f,Jl3t ~ ~1r¥¥:fi±'W11!f~~~i¥J 7f)~ , -ynIKaI-lOmKa, -ymal-lOma, -Ka. 1~t]iiJ.i¥J1l* 7. lfrJiJ1tt1I N~~i¥J7f)J;:"t9j.. , :,tt'8mmi¥J. -:mi ' tt?/M1~:fit~/J\~~z~. 0. ~tjfi¥J7f)~PJPJEI3iE~. , t!2PJPJ11EMm~jJjG li5:HtlttlOl' : 0. 1) -ymKa / -lOmKa : ~ffl!If~~~IE[fjji¥Jlmf~;faiHI!f. ' 1:E~ik!J:f:!~m~jJjGA~~¥ ' tiD. MarymKa, 6anomKa, ,lte~Ka, 6a6ymKa. m{f~~J:~ , ~ffl!I1~~llilfifi{f~~iEmi¥J~fjj 0. , tiD : fJIe6YlliKa. (fJIe6), EropymKa (Erop), HBaH)'mKa (HsaH), HHKHrymKa (HI{KHTa),. AHH)'mKa(AHHa)' '8t!2PJfi1:EMmB':J~~J:' /OJIbra). 0. EI3. tiD. JIro6ymKa(JIro6a/ JIro60Bb), OJIlOmKa(OmI. -ymKa ~jJjGi¥JA~~~i¥JjJjG7ty '~~i¥J~~too;fa~1I!fz~. 2) -yma / -lOma:. 0. :fiiWJ • ~1lIIi¥J~~ , fi{f~~i¥JiEm~Mmzf!t ' tID. AH.ll:plOma. (AH.ll:peii), BaHlOma (BaHJI), lle'rpyma (lle-rp), Ha,ltlOma (H<WI), KaTlOma (KaTH), TaRlOma (TaHJI). 0. 21. 3) -Ka : '8i¥J~lltt~~tjfti. ' 11E~7G~~ • R~¥tl~J1{ • f1x1t ' mf4f§1itJJi. 0. ~AZr!'l~' ~/~R~f' ~am:Z~; m1£~tiRAzrdl~:ill!.~:fi1f~i¥J[~ftjll' ~7G~i¥J11!flrii: .... -.-,-~="-,"'". 0. X:ffl:m1:Et~m§ ai¥J!J\!p<~1fm~:mi7f)~. '. , /J\!P<-=f zrs~t!2m m 223Z.:,tt 0. J:f:!PJ7t.$~~~:. (1) @!-=fif;f.6~' ±'~1;:Enfim7f)jJjG, tiD: BOBKa (Bosa), ,UHMKa (,UHMa), POMKa (PoMa), HpKa (Hpa), JIeHKa (neRa), JIH,ltKa (JIH,lta), JIlO6Ka (JII06a), JIIO,ltKa (JIro,lta), CBeTKa (CBeTa); t!2:fi11EiE. mffiJ*i¥J,tID : fJIe6Ka (fJIe6), EropKa (Erop), llaBeJIKa (llaBeJI), BepKa (Bepa), HpHHKa (HpHHa), ~apHHKa(~apHHa)o. (2) ~-=fif;f.6~. , ±'~EI3nfimffiJ*- ' tiD : liopbKa (liOpR), BaHbKa (BaRR), BHTbKa (BHTR),. )KeHbKa ()KeRR), lleTbKa (I1en), TOJIbKa (TOmI), KaThKa (Ka:rR), OJIbKa (OmI), TaHbKa (TaHJI), FOJIbKa (FOmI). 0. (3) t1.1!t~ -m/-)K ;f.6~ ~HmKa (~Hma),. 21 EcppeMOBa, YKal.. 22. , ±'~EI3MmffiJ*- ' tiD : AJIemKa. (AJIema), r'pHmKa (fpHma),. llamKa (llama), CamKa (Cama), Cepe)KKa (Cepe)Ka),. ~alliKa (~ama),. cot{. cc. 4&4-485. cot{. cc. 137-139.. BellillHI(KM, YKa3.. 17.

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(19) I. .:'.. 5·· '. "". -~. mffl~~~*~~zM~~.~~~~ffl. ~ltmrMH*. '. ffl~*1J[Jx::m Ha,r(e)J(,!la BaCRllbeBHa 3/{mll¥ Ha,zvr , ~m7lliJfHBl1ft(B!»H*. ffiJ 'i' m A Wi ~ ~ f¥ ~ 1t tt ~ ~ z f& '. ~7. m. Ha,zvr. ~OO:fflJ};if:*lffiJ§~(BA. ' Ha,zvr. 25z:nIG. " j=t:Brr~J:tr:pte~(B~*IDJ:t~1f. M:lt nasen, ilaB.JIHK, nama, MmnKa, MHIJla, CamKa ' BaIDI, TaIDI ~ , ~7 nasen ffl¥UIIRID:1f.. '. mf~~$(Bm:fjf~ftili. '. '. , ~OO~~l'"tz[]{iiJ~fflitft(OOAI¥J"JIfT ' c)'):(b6.bI rum C nen<HM rrapOM. 25. Ha,zvr (H3,l:(H, rrocnylliaH MeIDl!) " JtEffil1f~. tt~z1&~1i"J*r:p ffl¥tl::g*8'9mf~tt'J\~r:p ~. § ~~tt~!WJ. '. , fZSImttrrtt~. PffPJffl(Bmll¥J!m~~jf ~. 1ftmpJT~zWli.::fJEPJ&JJ!mx::g*~ffl(B~ME. fflm:m~(BIDJ:tmiB19ll. r:p ,. Jj\~r:p l1nnOmfT flH.~(Bffl!ltYI¥J~~ Ha,r(e)J(,!la. (Ha,r(e)J(,!la, B.bICnyIJlaH MeIDl!) ,. m::g*~fflI¥JMJ:t::f-tl. 8'9. ilasen 8'9** HPKa, Hpa ' Ha,zvr tifM:lt. ' Wlltz[]!QJtlrr HPOHIDI. l1nnOnHT ~rtu:tc::tfiJ Ha,zvr *~mf. )KeIDI. ' ~~PJMm~::ffiY¥femte1i ". mx::g*~mIDJ:t8'9~ffl~8I!1f-OO~~~ rzg1ftMz.r.i:ff-JE~mtJ1)OOIDJ:t. ' {tJ~~~"J~U~8'97ifJF ' PJn-@r{if!. ~uL[f& HrrnomfT ' rrJtf&t~l'"ftl!~~*mm HrrrronHT. reOprneBHQ , m1iftl!WAzrdH~:1flfe.(B. -L.. B.bI. ' {tX¥-~fite=A[7gIL\8'9~$ ". 1IJr:p~-~::tfiJuLf l1nnonHT ' ~OO~*::fffll'fm. PJT~'6~. ~ ffl7 Ha,r(eHbKa, Ha,r(e)J(,!la. , ffiJrr~~~~ra' , mAEf3f~. BaCRll.beBHa ' ffH:§:mfffl~*1JDx::m~-m~~8'9*~. {fJ\ ThI ffim. :1f. '. ". '. ::t~~§jtf1~~m~8'9:1f.~~~. ' :ffl"~fjg:ffWllj~:1f.~~~~f;fmx~*(B~mIDJ:t ~. ,. ~~~ff!m1f. , M1imx~*~fflz~~ ". xt::5. / \, , Jl'CaR. ~m~A(B~~~~tt~~x::m~::g*=~~'~~I¥JMJ:tffiJ~'~~x::m(BMJ:t ::f~.' ~*I¥JIDJ:t~U~mf.it~. , ffiJ~*(B~ffl~$m~m:~(B , MnlGm¥l~tt~x1tr:ptt. ~i!~* ' iiP::f1Jl3~~~!W.ttf!lx:m" ~x~*IDJ:tz~ , 1'BiF1fJtB~X~W*§mMz.~. 25. ". mzf.t~I~Ui~/J'\~ I-fPOHHlI CY.ll.h6hI, HJIH C lIerKHM napOM.. 21.

(20) ,. '0{. m+Wl. 1ltlm~~. ~[lEJ 95. if- 10 ~. ';' ,~~. ~~ " t. ~. f;f9i-[lEJ~~i¥J~~rmj§. ,". . ffx5C~*tw~t!!Ufj:a:4t .. , t):&E8~~QX;. ~. 1Ii~illt~i¥Jm JtUfi IJ \~~~fIJ:::f1tY:?1B~. 0. ~~~A~i¥J~:a:ID:a:,m~#4tQX;-~~:a:~~,. °1lt&~A$~. h:a:'±~~~flmi¥J~*4t~ffl'~rm~~i¥Jm~m~~;~~*i¥J~~~~~~'. ~~mi¥J~*,j\@*~I&~~n:f~}:.fM~~~~i¥Jf!'iHt~1I¥. ?-IDs:t. 0. 1Ii~~mZrfi3~i¥J~iiJIDr~flMSf;fi¥JmfijJ1:i. ~5JU~mPJTmf;fB!i¥J1Ii~. '. '. :::fJl'IW~ftX7t. , ~;;"!.<!~. 0. (BoBa)' ~T1i*6~ (KOCTSI)' ~~~1&~-1II,. -)I( (CalIIa) ':::::':#1iI:::fJl1W~ftX7} , 111~T1ilt~*lt~ rrmrfIJ ' ~J. ~:Qm-mi¥J~. -~~{'F:liH~Jfffi¥J§frj§m~. , {B.fl~ffg~fl~EEmf;fB!1TIJ-1T1!IW!~. 1Ii~ff3s:t*3~7tm=~: W1!Ti%*6~. '. r ¥u '. *~ J '. zll! ' W1!T1ilt~*~U&flillfj~j/f , m=~i¥J§fr~if",*m- , =~ZrA~ W!mJl;f;T 0. ~~~m~,~mWJl±.~~~~i¥JID:a:~~m'~4t~m~':Qmmi¥J~r ~~J. i¥JIDs:t. 0. ~*i¥Jffi;J\~~ID:a:±~E811im1JOJ:1&~. , it?7t=-~ : W1!T1i~~i¥Jw!~. 1Jo1~-oqK(a)(BoBO~)'~T1i*6~i¥J1Ii~1J01~-eHhK(a), *6~i¥JW!m1J01&~-eHhK(a),. -eqK(a) (CarneHhKa). -etIK(a)(KocTeHhKa)'J-j,-lIIaJ-)I(a. ,1lt5C~?-'M'±D~Mi¥JID:a:~fl. 0. -YIIIKaJ-JOllIKa (AHH)'IIIKa) ,-YIIIaJ-JOliia (AlI,[(pJOIIIa) f1J-Ka (BOBKa, KaThKa, CarnKa) Jlfl~m. '. mum ' :bt1W~P1~ll!~. ~*i¥JJ1Jfig:f2mIl¥Wm~. , ~ffl~*i¥J~fjID:a: ' i¥J9i-[lEJ~~ffiIj§. 0. , :tE:X~~~~l5ti;fJH!fif-~c ' ~~:::f~i¥J1W~. 0. ~rEl~. , :!.i!!~ , IUH~ , mMi~. rm4§tfjIDs:t'M)fl-JEI¥J~~. , ~:g~ffx5C~*i¥Jm-mID:a: '. JtIJ,*fJHtM~W:x~i¥Jffgj]. 0. , "l';t~;I.~tJ;V~ , lZSlm~fifl. .•. ~.13. , m§frD~§fr$ , J:~ : J::.~~5C/:l:Ht&iti ' JI'i~~±~. 1989 if-. , ffx&~~~[lEJ'IWI¥$ , ~t}}i : mfttBll:fiiti '. 2000 if-. 1117\S1t '. JI'i~~. , m1Ji~135Cft~{~w '. lm{~~-"l".. ~±tt. ' r 1ltm~A~i¥J5C{tfft'&'J ' 9i-~ii}f~, ' 2003. 22. '. ~t}}i. :. 0. 0. 9i-§fr~~Wii}f~Wlt&iti. '. 1999. a. 5 W'I ' ]'{ 23-26. 0.

(21) t,';. mm~~~*~~~z~~~.'~~&~m jJ1H~~~. , r ffUlfWrJ-A;~~~.®~1t~~7t;f1T J. '. )1}~~fU. '. m~tf, riJ;ffX::3*®~1tlt~J' )1}~iJfJi:' 1995!q::~4WJ'. ~9II. ' rffXllwr A®::3*w~mwr~1tJ '. WJ ' ]{ 80-83. 19-22,44. m~WiB*~~¥& (Wt±~f~~). ' J[ 47-50. Q. Q. , 1999. !q::~ 3. 0. JW,W.iI*~~~*~~!H1~lliit¥1li ~~EPif&g. 2002!q::~ 1 WJ. , 1985!q::. ' r ~mwr AmJ!A::3 ' :x.::3~*~ J ' *~iJ;~$ , ~tJR :. 0. BeJK6HQKruI A. 513bIK. KyJIl>l)'pa. ll03HaHHe. MocKBa: PycCKHe CJIOBapH, 1996. EcppeMOBa T.<l>. TOJIKOBbIHCJIosaPb cJIoBo06pa30BaTeJIbHbIX e,llHHHU PYCCKOro g3bIKa. MocKBa: PyCCKHH g3blK. 1996 MyxHH JI.ll., lliaMillHH JI.E. .[(06po 110)KaJIOBaTb! MocKBa: PyCCKHH g3bIK, 1987. l1MeHa Hl1MeHHHbI. http://www.whitemouse.rultimeslnames.wmb «HOBAJI 3ll0XA - HOBbIE HMEHA», http://www.newhouse.rulnlo/name/istor7.html CJIosaPb PYCCKHX JIH'IHbIX HMeH. http://slovari.gramota.rulportal_sl.html?petr_in.tro.htm YKA3ATEJIb IIPOl13BO,n:HhIX (YMEHhIlII1TE.JI.hHhIX) HMEH. http://slovari.gramota.ruI portal_sl.html?petr_imsm.htm Russian Names, http://learningrussian.comlname.htm. 23.

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