101學年度神經學碩士班考古題庫

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高雄醫學大學 101 學年度 研究所 招生考試

考試科目: 英文

1. Fungal spores, lighter and smaller than all plant seeds, are mainly dispersed from their parent by wind. A. spread widely B. delivered C. made more stable D. collected

2. The devastating earthquake and tsunami in Fukushima ruined most of the buildings there and killed thousands of lives. A. foreboding B. damaging and harmful C. bitter D. intimidating

3. The philosophy of Barack Obama’s foreign policy has been postulated as “The Obama Doctrine” for the principles it advocates.

A. disputed B. dismissed C. assumed D. scorned

4. Debates have been stirred on whether inmates should become the integral part of the social workforce. A. constituent B. honest C. extrinsic D. outward

5. A mistake that was inadvertently made by the clerk has cost him his job. A. intentionally B. deliberately C. carefully D. accidentally

6. It is mandatory that all students, regardless of degree program, take at least five core courses offered by the university. A. compulsory B. optional C. elective D. voluntarily

7. The Bumrungrad Hospital, one of the leading international hospitals in the world, is known for treating patients with

state-of-the-art technology.

A. very expensive B. the most advanced C. fashionable D. national treasure

8. Clinicians argue that rigorous scientific research is not necessary on alternative medicine, but researchers think otherwise. A. powerful and forceful B. scrupulously accurate C. lenient D. strenuous

9. Under optimal temperature and growth conditions, certain bacteria can have a generation of 15-20 minutes. A. unfavorable B. adverse C. ideal D. disagreeable

10. The word “Linsanity” is now in most NBA fan’s vernacular as a result of Jeremy Lin’s stunning breakout performance in these past few weeks.  

A. collection B. everyday language C. souvenir D. password 

II. Sentence Completion: Choose the word that best completes the sentence (10%)

11. Mary is ______ and would never want to be closed in a small room or space. A. xenophobic B. homophobic C. acrophobic D. claustrophobic

12. Studies show that ______ children are at high risk for a number of conditions, including overweight, high blood pressure and high cholesterol.

A. slim B. anorexic C. obese D. malnourished

13. The ways web-based social media impact our lives are rather different from the ways traditional media do, the most notable being that social media allow communication to become more ______.

A. interactive B. hyperactive C. stagnant D. torpid

14. According to the International Labor Organization, the recent economic decline is likely to increase the unemployment rate for women as well as to make gender _______ in economic policies more visible.

A. equality B. discrepancy C. disparity D. similarity

15. Children with disabilities are discriminated against and treated as burden mainly due to ______ understanding by society and a lack of social supports.

A. sufficient B. ample C. disinterested D. inadequate

III. Written Expression: Identify the underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct (14%)

16. My (A) strong experience, (B) good training, and (C) am a hard worker (D) qualify me for this position.

17. In (A) recent years, some educators argue that it is better for undergraduate students (B) to focus on only one or two subjects than to study a (C) diversified range of different (D) subject.

18. The furniture and refrigerator were (A) delivered (B) promptly to my home, but they were not the style I (C) ordered, and the (D) price was not right either.

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19. The saltwater (A) crocodile, the largest of all living (B) reptiles, can travel long (C) distances at sea and is capable of killing any animal that (D) enter its territory.

20. If you are (A) assigned a specific topic for a research paper, you can begin (B) by going to the library to look for (C)informations that (D) is relevant to the topic.

21. According to scientists, if a woman’s waist is 70 percent as wide as her (A) hips, she (B) viewed as attractive by most men because the evolution of the brain (C) associates this body figure (D) with fertility.

22. Even though some companies view bribery (A) as illegal, (B) other tolerate it because it is a good way to speed up the (C) completion of a deal and (D) prevent harassment.

IV. Cloze Test: Choose the best answer for each missing word or phrase in the following passages (20%)

On the day of Taiwan's presidential election, hundreds of millions of ethnic Chinese worldwide watched the ballot count on TV and the Internet. Taiwan is the sole ethnic Chinese society (23) a second democratic turnover of power. Ethnic Chinese communities around the world (24) their hopes on this crucial political experiment. By succeeding, we can make

unparalleled contributions to the democratic development of all ethnic Chinese communities. This responsibility is (25) to fulfill. The new administration's most urgent task is to lead Taiwan through the daunting challenges from globalization. The world economy (26) profoundly, and newly emerging countries are arising rapidly. We must upgrade Taiwan's international (27) and recover lost opportunities. The uncertainty of the current global economy poses as the main challenge to the

revitalization of Taiwan's economy. Yet, we firmly believe that, with right policies and steadfast determination, our goals are (28) our grasp. (Source: President Ma's Inaugural Address in 2008)

23. A. to complete B. has completed C. completed D. to completing 24. A. laid B. is laying C. have laid D. will be laying 25. A. yours B. ours C. theirs D. them

26. A. change B. is changing C. had changed D. changed 27. A. competition B. competitiveness C. competitive D. competitor 28. A. beyond B. under C. next to D. within

The cinema offers a number of possible pleasures. One is scopophilia (a pleasure in looking). There are circumstances in which looking (29) is a source of pleasure, just as, in the reverse formation, there is pleasure in being looked at...[Freud] associated scopophilia with taking other people as objects, (30) them to a controlling and curious gaze... The camera satisfies a primordial wish (31) pleasurable looking, but it also goes further: developing scopophilia (32) its narcissistic aspect. (source: excerpt from “Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema” by Luara Mulvey)

29. A. itself B. at it C. forward to D. after 30. A. is subjecting B. subjecting C. subjects D. subjected 31. A. in B. at C. to D. for

32. A. in B. at C. to D. for

V. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answers to the following questions (36%)

In a recent experiment, scientists asked a group of prescreened people to look at a set of gray patterns and try to visualize color. Eleven members of the group had been identified as highly susceptible to hypnosis while seven of the subjects were not

susceptible. Hypnosis is a trance-like state characterized by heightened focus, concentration, and inner absorption, according to the Mayo Clinic. About 10 percent of people worldwide are highly susceptible to hypnosis while 10 percent are not influenced at all. The remaining 80 percent—the majority of the population—are moderately susceptible, said study co-author William McGeown, a neuroscientist at the U.K.'s Hull University. The new study found that all the subjects who were easily hypnotized reported seeing a range of colors even while not under hypnosis, McGeown said. The scientists didn't just take their word for it—MRI scans showed that the parts of the subjects' brains linked to color perception lit up when they saw the imaginary hues. "We can see changes in these color-sensitive regions of their brains, which they have no way of faking," said McGeown, who published the study with colleagues in the December issue of the journal Consciousness and Cognition.

The new study also found that being under hypnosis enhanced color hallucination in susceptible subjects. But those who were not susceptible to hypnosis could not hallucinate color with or without hypnosis. Stephen Kosslyn, a psychologist at Stanford

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University, said the results reinforce his team's earlier research. In 2000, Kosslyn and colleagues published one of the first studies on hallucinating color. Their experiment asked highly susceptible people under hypnosis to imagine gray squares as being in color. That study, which used PET scans of the subjects' brains, also found that the subjects activated parts of their brains associated with color perception. The new study confirms a similar finding with MRI scans, which are more often favored in today's experiments because they provide better spatial resolution, co-author McGeown said.

Ultimately, the hallucination research may help medical professionals who use hypnosis to treat a range of conditions, from phobias to pain, McGeown noted. That's because, despite its medical use, many people are fearful of the procedure. The new research shows that suggestion can be almost as powerful a tool, which means there may be a less intimidating alternative for people fearful of hypnosis, he said. "Psychological therapies which consist of making suggestions to a patient—even in the absence of hypnosis—may help with their problem substantially."

(Source: “People Can Hallucinate Color at Will” by Christine Dell'Amore in National Geographic News, published December 7, 2011)

33. The word “susceptible” in this passage is closest in meaning to A. unresistant

B. invulnerable C. unexposed D. doubtful

34. Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of hypnosis? A. The subject is put into a sleeplike state

B. Hypnosis is a state of mental concentration C. A hypnotized mind is judging and critiquing. D. None of the above

35. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Subjects who are susceptible to hypnosis can hallucinate color.

B. Subjects who are unsusceptible to hypnosis can visualize color when being under hypnosis. C. Only MRI scans were used in the experiment conducted by William McGeown and his partner.

D. The parts of the brain that respond to color perception are activated when the subjects are hallucinating color. 36. According to McGreown, the findings of hallucination research may be of help to people with

A. irrational fear of a specific object or activity B. migraine

C. fever

D. A and B only

37. Which of the following statements best summarizes the central idea of this article? A. Hypnosis can help people with their problems.

B. Some people are fearful of hypnosis

C. Only a portion of people are susceptible to hypnosis.

D. People can hallucinate color just with the power of suggestion.

“Green” has become a popular English phrase. It means that something is good for the environment. Customers are looking for products that are “natural,” “pure,” and “made from recycled materials.” They feel good about helping the Earth and about buying food and cosmetics that are healthier for their bodies. Anita Roddick sensed this when she founded The Body Shop in 1976. She advertised cosmetics that were “100 percent pure” and boasted that The Body Shop’s products were not tested on animals. Also, she said The Body Shop did not take unfair advantage of the workers in poor countries.

For some people, this sounded too good to be true. In 1994, reporter Jon Entine wrote a famous magazine article disputing Roddick’s claims. He said that The Body Shop cosmetics were actually only one percent pure. Entine also pointed out that most of the ingredients in The Body Shop’s product were, indeed, tested on animals. This prompted Roddick to change the phrase on her cosmetics labels. Instead of “not tested on animals,” it became “against animal testing.” Later, other critics joined in. The London chapter of Greenpeace accused The Body Shop of exploiting poor workers.

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do producers simply claim that they are so they can make more money? It’s a tough question. Thanks to writers such as Entine, however, one thing is certain: They are less likely to trust the manufacturer’s word.

(Source: “The Green Myth” in Reading for the Real World, Campus Publishing, 2009)

38. According to the passage, the word “green” has become associated with products A. that are not greasy and look fresh

B. that are friendly to the environment C. that can be easily absorbed by the body D. All of the above

39. Which of the following claims of The Body Shop was NOT disputed by Jon Entine? A. The Body Shop cosmetics did not exploit workers in poor countries.

B. The Body Shop cosmetics were not tested on animals. C. The Body Shop cosmetics were 100% pure.

D. None of the above

40. Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the article? A. Customers should never trust the manufacturers because they are dishonest. B. Green advertising claims could be misleading.

C. “Green” is a good marketing strategy to sell products. D. False advertising should be punished.

41. Which of the following statement would the writer of this passage probably agree with? A. We should stop buying “green” products because none of them is really “green.” B. Anita Roddick has abused the trust of her customers.

C. Writers such as Jon Entine work to ruin manufactures’ reputation. D. All products are bad for environment.

About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes. I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I'm fine now.

This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:

Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.

When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960's, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was

idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.

Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words:

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"Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.

Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.

(Source: Stanford commencement address delivered by Steve Jobs on June 12, 2005)

42. Which of the following statements is/are true about Steve Jobs?

A. He did not seem to be familiar with some body organs before his illness. B. He was told that he would be dead in less than a year.

C. The tumor he got could be removed with surgery D. All of the above

43. The phrase “buttoned up” is closest in meaning to A. kept silence

B. finished C. loosened up D. tied down

44. Why did Steve Jobs’ doctors react so strongly to the fact that Jobs’ cancer was actually curable? A. They were upset over the misdiagnosis they had made.

B. They were worried that Job would sue them for medical malpractice. C. They were surprised that they could keep their patient alive.

D. None of the above

45. In his speech, what advice did Jobs give to Stanford students? A. Do not try to live up to others’ expectation

B. Do not let other people speak louder than you do C. Always put yourself in others’ shoes

D. It is a waste of time to live with others

46. What did Jobs probably mean by “Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish”? A. He meant that it is good to eat less and study less.

B. He meant that it is important to always have the curiosity for knowledge. C. He meant that without enough food one can never be smart.

D. He meant that it is foolish to stay hungry.

Tonight is a particular honor for me because, let's face it, my presence on this stage is pretty unlikely.

My father was a foreign student, born and raised in a small village in Kenya. He grew up herding goats, went to school in a tin- roof shack. His father, my grandfather, was a cook, a domestic servant to the British. But my grandfather had larger dreams for his son. Through hard work and perseverance my father got a scholarship to study in a magical place, America, that's shown as a beacon of freedom and opportunity to so many who had come before him. While studying here my father met my mother. She was born in a town on the other side of the world, in Kansas.

My parents shared not only an improbable love; they shared an abiding faith in the possibilities of this nation. They would give me an African name, Barack, or "blessed," believing that in a tolerant America, your name is no barrier to success.

They imagined me going to the best schools in the land, even though they weren't rich, because in a generous America you don't have to be rich to achieve your potential.

They're both passed away now. And yet I know that, on this night, they look down on me with great pride. And I stand here today grateful for the diversity of my heritage, aware that my parents' dreams live on in my two precious daughters. I stand here knowing that my story is part of the larger American story, that I owe a debt to all of those who came before me, and that in no other country on Earth is my story even possible.

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Tonight, we gather to affirm the greatness of our nation not because of the height of our skyscrapers, or the power of our military, or the size of our economy; our pride is based on a very simple premise, summed up in a declaration made over two hundred years ago: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness."

That is the true genius of America, a faith in simple dreams, an insistence on small miracles; that we can tuck in our children at night and know that they are fed and clothed and safe from harm; that we can say what we think, write what we think, without hearing a sudden knock on the door; that we can have an idea and start our own business without paying a bribe; that we can participate in the political process without fear of retribution; and that our votes will be counted -- or at least, most of the time.

And fellow Americans, Democrats, Republicans, independents, I say to you, tonight, we have more work to do... more work to do, for the workers I met in Galesburg, Illinois, who are losing their union jobs at the Maytag plant that's moving to Mexico, and now they're having to compete with their own children for jobs that pay 7 bucks an hour; more to do for the father I met who was losing his job and choking back the tears wondering how he would pay $4,500 a month for the drugs his son needs without the health benefits that he counted on; more to do for the young woman in East St. Louis, and thousands more like her who have the grades, have the drive, have the will, but don't have the money to go to college.

People don't expect -- people don't expect government to solve all their problems. But they sense, deep in their bones, that with just a slight change in priorities, we can make sure that every child in America has a decent shot at life and that the doors of opportunity remain open to all.

(Source: Excerpt from Barack Obama’s Democratic Convention Speech delivered on July 27, 2004)

47. Which of the following is/are mentioned in Obama’s speech? A. Interracial heritage

B. Education C. Opportunity D. All of the above

48. Obama’s parents thought their son’s African name would not hinder his success because A. they believed he could go to the best school.

B. America is a racially tolerant country C. Obama is blessed by his name

D. one of his parents was born in America

49. Which of the following statements would Obama probably have faith in? A. All men are created equal

B. One does not have to be rich to achieve one’s dream in America C. There is no poverty in America

D. A and B only E. B and C only

50. What are some of the social causes that Obama would most probably support according to the passaget? A. Encouraging interracial marriage

B. Offering financial aids to low income students C. Lowering the unemployment rate

D. A and B only E. B and C only

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系所：醫學系神經學科碩士班-動作行為學組

高雄醫學大學 101 學年度研究所招生考試

科目：肌動學(含動作控制與分析)

問答題 (每題 20 分)

3. 在力學的範疇中，可分有三類槓桿原理，分別為第一、第二及第三級槓桿（first-class, second-class and third-class

levers）；以肌動力學的觀點，人體的關節動作以這三類中的哪一類為最常見？並請舉例說明之。(20 %)

4. 何謂「姿勢性搖擺」(postural sway)？在正常之對稱性靜態站立時，身體哪些肌群會持續收縮，以持續維持站姿？

(20 %)

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系所：醫學系神經學科碩士班

-行為暨認知神經學組

高雄醫學大學 101 學年度研究所招生考試

科目：神經醫學

近日媒體報導清華大學腦科學研究團隊以果蠅解開影響記憶之關鍵神經細胞，試述記憶(memory)

之定義、分類及其相關解剖學部位。(15%)

何謂感覺神經系統(Sensory system)？試述其傳導路徑與相關功能。(10 %)

試述睡眠週期(sleep cycle)及常見之睡眠障礙疾病。(15%)

66 歲鐘先生，小學畢業，已退休，有高血壓，平日生活可自理，2 天前家人發現他注意力下降、

在家找不到廁所(spatial disorientation)、無法完整表達自己的意見、甚或答非所問(irrelevant

speech)，而帶至門診求醫。你認為鐘先生腦部可能受損部位在何處？為什麼？(15%)

32 歲林太太，早上一家人至桃園旅遊，買了當地知名的豆乾在車上吃，晚上回到家後，她自己與

2 名小孩陸續出現視力模糊與呼吸困難，而被送至醫院，醫師初步判斷為肉毒桿菌中毒。簡述何

謂肉毒桿菌中毒、病因及其致病機轉？(15%)

何謂代謝性腦病變(metabolic encephalopathy)？試述其可能病因。(10%)

解釋名詞(20 %)

1) Limbic system

2) Plasticity

3) Alzheimer’s disease

4) Attention

5) Neglect

試題第 1 頁

系所：神經學科碩士班

高雄醫學大學 101 學年度研究所招生考試

科目：神經科學

問答題

一、 試述錐體系統（pyramidal system）和錐體外系統（extrapyramidal system）的解剖、功能和相互關係。（20 分） 二、 試述睡眠（sleep）、清醒（wakefulness）與生物節律（circadian rhythm）的調控中心、功能和相互關係。（20

分）

三、 試述自主神經系統（autonomic nervous system）的解剖和功能。（20 分） 四、 試述記憶（memory）之定義與相關解剖學部位。（15 分）

五、 試述額葉功能（frontal lobe functions）與相關解剖學部位。（15 分） 六、 你對目前神經科學研究趨勢的看法。（10 分）