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— John Wanamaker I know that half my advertising is a waste of money, I just don’t know which half.. —

— John Wanamaker I know that half my advertising is a waste of money, I just don’t know which half.. —

Department of Mathematics National Cheng Kung

When we know that a relation R is a partial order on a set A, we can eliminate the loops at the vertices of its digraph .Since R is also transitive , having the edges (1, 2) and (2,

W EN -C HING L IEN Department of Mathematics National Cheng Kung

W EN -C HING L IEN Department of Mathematics National Cheng Kung

The natural structure for two vari- ables is often a rectangular array with columns corresponding to the categories of one vari- able and rows to categories of the second

Ireland, Kenneth F./Rosen, Michael I.: A Classical Introduction to Modern Number Theory, Volume 84 of Graduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, New York, Second Edition,