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機械手臂之動態順滑控制 李凱笙、林志哲

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機械手臂之動態順滑控制 李凱笙、林志哲

E-mail: 9224282@mail.dyu.edu.tw

摘 要

一般對於機械手臂之運動規劃問題,大都利用廣義逆轉法,此法雖有計算量小與二次模數最小等優點,但須求解反矩陣,

所以會面臨奇異點問題。由Chen和Lin所提出之擾動法,雖然具有在奇異點有強健性及任務優先性等優點,但有計算量繁 雜耗時之問題存在。所以本文將使用一混合反向運動規劃之演算法來求解運動規劃的問題,與上述兩種演算方法不同之處

,為其兼具在奇異點有強健性並且計算量小等優點。 在機械手臂之軌跡追蹤上,順滑控制常被研究者所使用。傳統之順滑 平面選擇,因無法通過誤差狀態之起始值,所以通常會有接近階段;然而,在接近階段受控系統的狀態會受到不確定性與 外擾影響,以至於其動態行為難以預測。因此,本文應用一具有全域順滑之順滑模態控制,並針對此架構設計具有全域順 滑的控制器,應用在機械手臂軌跡追蹤控制上。此外在機械手臂設計上,為了節省成本和避免因量測角速度而受到雜訊干 擾,所以通常會將轉速計省略裝置。為解決角速度量測之問題,本文將整合高增益觀測器和控制器以達成輸出回授控制。

在順滑控制中,最主要之顫振現象是源自切換控制所導致之不連續控制,將以反覆式學習控制觀念取代切換控制來消弭不 當顫振之動態行為產生;亦可因學習控制的概念,使得誤差量收斂至最小值,得以獲得較佳的精度。

關鍵詞 : 具贅餘自由度機械手臂,運動規劃,奇異點問題,順滑模態控制,高增益觀測器,反覆式學習控制。

目錄

第一章 緒論...1 1.1前言...1 1.2文獻回 顧...1 1.3研究動機與本文架構...5 第二章 運動軌跡規 劃...9 2.1廣義逆轉法...9 2.2利用最佳控制求解反向運動 解...13 2.2.1利用擾動法求解最佳化問題...14 2.2.2利用二次規劃法求解最 佳化問題...15 2.3混合反向運動規劃法...17 2.4運動軌跡規劃之模擬結 果...19 2.4.1非奇異點路徑之模擬...20 2.4.2具奇異點路徑之模 擬...25 2.4.3混合反向運動規劃法在具奇異點路徑之模擬...32 第三章 軌跡追蹤 控制器之設計...36 3.1系統數學模式建立...36 3.2傳統順滑模態控 制...40 3.3可變結構模態追隨控制...42 3.4飽和切換控制

律...45 3.5系統觀測器之設計...47 3.6具輸出回授之全域順滑 控制器...48 3.7軌跡追蹤控制之模擬結果...49 第四章 反覆式學習控制 系統...69 4.1何謂學習控制...69 4.2反覆式學習控制理

論...71 4.3結合往覆式學習控制律之全域順滑控制...73 4.3.1傳統順滑模態 控制和反覆式學習控制之比較...76 4.4結合往覆式學習控制律之全域順滑控制模擬結果與討

論...88 4.4.1具輸出回授之全域順滑控制和反覆式學習控制之比較...88 第五章 動態模型之建立與模 擬...100 5.1 SIMULINK簡介...100 5.2 S-function程式撰

寫...101 5.3建立M檔的S-function ...102 5.4系統動態模 型...104 5.4.1動態模型架構...104 5.4.2模型之數值模 擬...107 第六章 結論與建議...113 6.1結

論...113 6.2未來研究方向與建議...114 參考文 獻...115

參考文獻

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