有機耕作年期對土壤與蔬菜之影響

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(1)୯ҥѠ᡼εᏢғ‫ނ‬ၗྍᄤၭᏢଣၭ᛬Ꮲ‫س‬ ᅺγፕЎ Department of Agronomy College of Bioresources and Agriculture. National Taiwan University Master Thesis. Ԗᐒહբԃයჹβᝆᆶጫ๼ϐቹៜ Effect of Organic Farming Duration on Soil and Vegetables. ጰܿᑼ Tung-Jung Tsai. ࡰᏤ௲௤Ǻ஭ཥଈ റγȐDr. Shin-Shinge Changȑ Ԣܴᐋ റγȐDr. Ming-Shu Chiangȑ. ύ๮҇୯ 99 ԃ 1 Д January, 2010.

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(3) ठᖴ ‫ځ‬ჴǴჹ‫ۚךܭ‬ฅനಖᗋࢂளа໩ճֹԋᅺγፕЎ‫ޑ‬ᏢՏǴೱ‫ך‬ Ծρ೿ག‫ډ‬όё࿼ߞǶ٣ჴ΢Ǵ҅ࢂӧ೭ጇፕЎ‫ޑ‬ङࡕǴԖคኧόᘐ ๏ϒ‫ך‬շΚ‫ޑ‬௢ЋǴ‫܌‬Ӆӕֹԋ‫ޑ‬Ƕ २ӃǴനख़ा‫ޑ‬Ǵವၸ‫ࢂܭ‬໳ЎၲԴৣǴคፕӧჴᡍ‫ޑ‬གྷ‫ݤ‬ǵၸ ำύၶ‫ޑډ‬ελୢᚒǵϩ‫݋‬ჴᡍǵࣗԿ‫ډ‬നࡕ‫ޑ‬ፕЎኗቪǴԴৣ೿๏ ᆶ‫ך‬നமΚ‫ڐޑ‬շǴӵ݀όࢂԴৣ྽߃‫࡭୲ޑ‬аϷᔅԆǴ‫ך‬ᔈ၀Ԑς ‫ܫ‬క೭ࢤ‫؃‬ᏢၸำǶ ྽ฅǴԢܴᐋറγаϷԖᐒၭ൑‫ޑ‬უՔǴӧ‫ך‬຾ՉҖ໔բ‫ނ‬ਭ෌ ਔǴคచҹ‫ޑ‬๏ϒ‫ך‬നЖલ‫ޑ‬ჴբࡰᏤаϷ൑Ӧǵπ‫ޑڀ‬٬ҔǴλ‫׌‬ ‫ך‬Ψሎ૶ӧЈǴӧԜӛգॺठ΢നଯ‫ޑ‬གᖴǶ ӕਔǴ‫ך‬Ψाགᖴჴᡍ࠻‫ޑ‬ӕᏢഋ᰾ᄆаϷ೚ܴਗᏢߏǴӧჴᡍ аϷ಍ीϩ‫݋‬΢‫ڐޑ‬շǴᡣ‫ך‬ளаჹ‫ޑך‬ჴᡍ่݀уаှញǴࡐ۩ၮ ૈᆶգॺ΋ଆᏢಞǶ ԜѦǴ‫ך‬Ψाགᖴ‫ך‬চӃ‫ࡰޑ‬ᏤԴৣɡதҏமୋ௲௤Ǵགᖴாค К‫ޑ‬ऐЈᆶቨ৒Ǵӧၭ᛬‫س‬εъ‫ޑ‬ਔӀǴ೿‫܍‬ᆾ‫ډ‬ா‫៝ྣޑ‬ᆶࡰᏤǶ നࡕǴ‫ך‬ाགᖴ‫ޑך‬Р҆аϷѠεၭ᛬‫س‬ǴӢࣁԾ‫࡙ޑي‬ආᆶ೏ ୏Ǵᡣ΋ঁൂપ‫ޑ‬ᅺγࣴ‫ۯܦز‬Α೚ΦǴགᖴа΢‫ঁ؂ޑ‬Γӧ‫ނ‬፦ᆶ ᆒઓ΢‫ޑ‬Ѝ࡭ǴӢࣁգॺǴ‫ך‬ωளа‫ډو‬ϞϺ೭ঁӦБǶ.

(4) Ҟᒵ Ҟᒵ.............................................................................................................i კҞᒵ.......................................................................................................iii ߄Ҟᒵ........................................................................................................v ᄔा............................................................................................................1 Abstract.......................................................................................................3 ಃ΋കǵ߻‫ق‬.............................................................................................5 ಃΒകǵ߻Γࣴ‫ز‬.....................................................................................8 ಃ΋࿯ǵѠ᡼Ԗᐒၭ཰౜‫ݩ‬..............................................................8 ಃΒ࿯ǵԖᐒહբჹβᝆ‫܄‬፦ϐቹៜ..............................................8 ΋ǵԖᐒ‫ޑޥ‬ᅿᜪ....................................................................7 ΒǵԖᐒ‫ޥ‬ჹβᝆ΋૓‫܄‬፦ϐቹៜ........................................8 ΟǵԖᐒહբჹβᝆᅹ৤ϐቹៜ............................................9 ಃΟ࿯ǵԖᐒહբჹբ‫ނ‬ғ‫ػ‬ϷᔼᎦԋҽϐቹៜ........................13 ಃѤ࿯ǵջਔບᘐ‫ೌמ‬ӧբ‫ނ‬ᆅ౛ϐᔈҔ....................................14 ΋ǵӀ᛼ᇿෳϐচ౛ᆶᔈҔ..................................................14 Βǵ෌ғࡰኧ..........................................................................16 ΟǵယᆘનᆶӀ᛼ᇿෳϐ՗ᆉ..............................................18 ѤǵSPAD ᔈҔ౜‫ݩ‬...............................................................22. i.

(5) ಃΟകǵ‫׷‬਑ᆶБ‫ݤ‬...............................................................................24 ಃ΋࿯ǵ၂ᡍӦᗺ............................................................................24 ಃΒ࿯ǵ၂ᡍ‫׷‬਑ᆶ຾Չ‫؁‬ᡯ........................................................24 ΋ǵԖᐒਭ୻ԃයჹβᝆ‫܄‬፦ϐቹៜ၂ᡍ..........................24! ΒǵԖᐒਭ୻ԃයჹբ‫ނ‬ғ‫ػ‬ϐቹៜ၂ᡍ..........................25 ಃΟ࿯ǵ၂ᡍ࣬ᜢፓࢗϩ‫ݤ݋‬........................................................26 ಃѤ࿯ǵ಍ीϩ‫݋‬............................................................................35 ಃѤകǵ่݀ᆶ૸ፕ...............................................................................36 ಃ΋࿯ǵԖᐒહբჹβᝆ౛ϯ‫܄‬፦ϐቹៜ....................................36 ಃΒ࿯ǵԖᐒહբჹբ‫ނ‬ғ‫ػ‬ϐቹៜ............................................38 ಃΟ࿯ǵϸ৔Ӏ᛼ᆶӀӝՅનӧԖᐒહբ΢ϐϩ‫݋‬ᔈҔ............43 ಃѤ࿯ǵԖᐒહբჹβᝆԖᐒᅹ৤ϐቹៜ....................................44 ಃϖ࿯ǵԖᐒહբჹ CO2 ෧ໆϐଅ᝘............................................46 ୖԵЎ᝘..................................................................................................87. ii.

(6) კҞᒵ! კ 2ǵ7 ԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻Җ୔ߙԢ๼౽෌ࡕ‫ޑ‬ғ‫ػ‬௃‫׎‬.....................48! კ 3ǵ7 ԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻Җ୔λ݊๼౽෌ࡕ‫ޑ‬ғ‫ػ‬௃‫׎‬.....................48! კ 4ǵ7 ԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻Җ୔ೆвқ๼౽෌ࡕ‫ޑ‬ғ‫ػ‬௃‫׎‬.................49! კ 5ǵ5 ԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻Җ୔ߙԢ๼౽෌ࡕ‫ޑ‬ғ‫ػ‬௃‫׎‬.....................49! კ 6ǵ5 ԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻Җ୔λ݊๼౽෌ࡕ‫ޑ‬ғ‫ػ‬௃‫׎‬.....................50! კ 7ǵ5 ԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻Җ୔ೆвқ๼౽෌ࡕ‫ޑ‬ғ‫ػ‬௃‫׎‬.................50! კ 8ǵ3 ԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻Җ୔ߙԢ๼౽෌ࡕ‫ޑ‬ғ‫ػ‬௃‫׎‬.....................51! კ 9ǵ3 ԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻Җ୔λ݊๼౽෌ࡕ‫ޑ‬ғ‫ػ‬௃‫׎‬.....................51! კ :ǵ3 ԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻Җ୔ೆвқ๼౽෌ࡕ‫ޑ‬ғ‫ػ‬௃‫׎‬.................52! კ 21ǵ1 ԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻Җ୔ߙԢ๼౽෌ࡕ‫ޑ‬ғ‫ػ‬௃‫׎‬...................52! კ 22ǵ1 ԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻Җ୔λ݊๼౽෌ࡕ‫ޑ‬ғ‫ػ‬௃‫׎‬...................53! კ 23ǵ1 ԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻Җ୔ೆвқ๼౽෌ࡕ‫ޑ‬ғ‫ػ‬௃‫׎‬...............53! კ 24ǵ7 ԃԖᐒਭ୻࠻ѦҖ୔ߙԢ๼౽෌ࡕ‫ޑ‬ғ‫ػ‬௃‫׎‬...................54! კ 25ǵ7 ԃԖᐒਭ୻࠻ѦҖ୔λ݊๼౽෌ࡕ‫ޑ‬ғ‫ػ‬௃‫׎‬...................54! კ 26ǵ7 ԃԖᐒਭ୻࠻ѦҖ୔ೆвқ๼౽෌ࡕ‫ޑ‬ғ‫ػ‬௃‫׎‬...............55! კ 27ǵόӕԖᐒહբԃය၂୔ߙԢ๼ǵλ݊๼ᆶೆвқ๼ ғ‫ػ‬ය໔ਲ਼ଯᡂϯ.....................................................................56 კ 28ǵόӕԖᐒહբԃය၂୔ߙԢ๼ǵλ݊๼ᆶೆвқ๼. iii.

(7) ғ‫ػ‬ය໔ယТ SPAD ॶ..............................................................57 კ 29ǵόӕԖᐒહբԃය၂୔ߙԢ๼ǵλ݊๼ᆶೆвқ๼ ғ‫ػ‬ය໔෌ਲ਼ယសᡂϯ.............................................................58 კ 2:ǵόӕԖᐒહբԃය၂୔ߙԢ๼ǵλ݊๼ᆶೆвқ๼ ғ‫ػ‬ය໔ϐ෌ਲ਼рယೲ౗.........................................................59 კ 31ǵόӕԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻၂୔ߙԢ๼ǵλ݊๼ᆶೆв қ๼௦ԏယТϐϸ৔Ӏ᛼.........................................................60 კ 32ǵόӕԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻ϣϷ࠻ѦҖ୔ߙԢ๼ǵλ݊ ๼ᆶೆвқ๼௦ԏယТϐϸ৔Ӏ᛼Кၨ.................................61 კ 33ǵόӕԖᐒਭ୻ԃයྕ࠻Җ୔ጫ๼ᅿ෌߻ᆶᅿ෌ࡕβ ᝆԖᐒᅹ(SOC)֖ໆϐᡂϯ.......................................................62 ံкკ 2ǵྕ࠻ϣϷྕ࠻ѦӀྣࡋКၨ...............................................63! ံкკ!3ǵόӕԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻ϣϷ࠻ѦҖ୔‫ ܭ‬98 ԃ 12 Дҽϐනਟ҅ϱਔϐӀྣࡋКၨ......................................63. iv.

(8) ߄Ҟᒵ ߄ 1-1ǵόӕԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻ϣϷ࠻ѦҖ୔βᝆ‫܄‬፦ϷѮ ໆϡન֖ໆ................................................................................64 ߄ 1-2ǵόӕԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻ϣϷ࠻ѦҖ୔βᝆ༾ໆϡન ֖ໆ...........................................................................................65 ߄ 2-1ǵόӕԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻ϣϷ࠻ѦҖ୔ߙԢ๼ᅿ෌߻ ࡕβᝆϡન֖ໆᡂϯ................................................................66 ߄ 2-2ǵόӕԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻ϣϷ࠻ѦҖ୔λ݊๼ᅿ෌߻ ࡕβᝆϡન֖ໆᡂϯ...............................................................67 ߄ 2-3ǵόӕԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻ϣϷ࠻ѦҖ୔ೆвқ๼ᅿ෌ ߻ࡕβᝆϡન֖ໆᡂϯ...........................................................68 ߄ 3-1ǵ1 ԃԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻Җ୔βᝆϡન֖ໆϐ࣬ᜢ߯ ኧંତ........................................................................................69 ߄ 3-2ǵ3 ԃԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻Җ୔βᝆϡન֖ໆϐ࣬ᜢ߯ኧ ંତ............................................................................................69 ߄ 3-3ǵ5 ԃԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻Җ୔βᝆϡન֖ໆϐ࣬ᜢ߯ኧ ંତ............................................................................................69 ߄ 3-4ǵ7 ԃԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻Җ୔βᝆϡન֖ໆϐ࣬ᜢ߯ኧ ંତ............................................................................................70. v.

(9) ߄ 3-5ǵ7 ԃԖᐒહբԃය࠻ѦҖ୔βᝆϡન֖ໆϐ࣬ᜢ߯ኧ ંତ............................................................................................70 ߄ 4ǵόӕԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻ϣϷ࠻ѦҖ୔ጫ๼ғ‫ػ‬ය໔βᝆ pH ॶ..............................................................................................71 ߄ 5ǵόӕԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻ϣϷ࠻ѦҖ୔ጫ๼ғ‫ػ‬ය໔βᝆ EC ॶ..............................................................................................72 ߄ 6ǵόӕԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻ϣϷ࠻ѦҖ୔ጫ๼ౢໆǵ֖Нໆ Ϸ SPAD ॶ....................................................................................73 ߄ 7ǵόӕԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻ϣϷ࠻ѦҖ୔ጫ๼ϡન֖ໆ................74 ߄ 8-1ǵ1 ԃԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻Җ୔ጫ๼෌ਲ਼ϡન֖ໆϐ࣬ ᜢ߯ኧંତ................................................................................75 ߄ 8-2ǵ3 ԃԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻Җ୔ጫ๼෌ਲ਼ϡન֖ໆϐ࣬ ᜢ߯ኧંତ................................................................................75 ߄ 8-3ǵ5 ԃԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻Җ୔ጫ๼෌ਲ਼ϡન֖ໆϐ࣬ ᜢ߯ኧંତ................................................................................76 ߄ 8-4ǵ7 ԃԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻Җ୔ጫ๼෌ਲ਼ϡન֖ໆϐ࣬ ᜢ߯ኧંତ................................................................................76 ߄ 8-5ǵ7 ԃԖᐒહբԃය࠻ѦҖ୔ጫ๼෌ਲ਼ϡન֖ໆϐ࣬ ᜢ߯ኧંତ................................................................................77. vi.

(10) ߄ 9-1ǵόӕԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻ϣϷ࠻ѦҖ୔ߙԢ๼௦ԏਔ ӀӝՅન֖ໆ............................................................................78 ߄ 9-2ǵόӕԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻ϣϷ࠻ѦҖ୔λ݊๼௦ԏਔ ӀӝՅન֖ໆ............................................................................79 ߄ 9-3ǵόӕԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻ϣϷ࠻ѦҖ୔ೆвқ๼௦ԏ ਔӀӝՅન֖ໆ........................................................................80 ߄ 21ǵԖᐒਭ୻ጫ๼ယТՅન֖ໆᆶ෌ғࡰኧ฻ϐ࣬ᜢ߯ኧ ંତ.............................................................................................81 ߄ 11ǵόӕԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻ϣϷ࠻ѦҖ୔ጫ๼ယТ෌ғ ࡰኧᆶ௵ག‫ࢤݢ‬ϸ৔౗.............................................................82 ߄ 12-1ǵྕ࠻ϣѦᆶόӕԖᐒહբԃයβᝆ੝‫܄‬Ϸϡન֖ໆ ϐᡂБϩ‫݋‬..............................................................................83 ߄ 12-2ǵྕ࠻ϣѦᆶόӕԖᐒહբԃයβᝆ੝‫܄‬Ϸϡન֖ໆ ϐᡂБϩ‫݋‬..............................................................................83 ߄ 13-1ǵྕ࠻ϣѦᆶόӕԖᐒહբԃයβᝆ੝‫܄‬Ϸϡન֖ໆ...........84 ߄ 13-2ǵྕ࠻ϣѦᆶόӕԖᐒહբԃයβᝆ੝‫܄‬Ϸϡન֖ໆ...........84 ߕ߄ 1ǵआӀᆶ߈आѦӀ࣬ᜢ෌ғࡰኧБำԄ....................................85 ߕ߄ 2ǵόӕԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻ϣϷ࠻ѦҖ୔නϺ҅ϱВྣ ࡋаϷ๋Ѧጕமࡋ...................................................................86. vii.

(11) ᄔा ҁፕЎ߯௖૸ӧߏԃ‫ޑ‬Ԗᐒહբᆅ౛ΠǴჹહӦβᝆ౛ϯ‫܄‬፦ Ϸբ‫ނ‬ғ‫ޑػ‬ቹៜǴ٠ ௖ ૸ ᇿག௖ෳࣽᏢ‫܌‬ว৖р‫ޑ‬ջਔϩ‫ೌמ݋‬ ᔈҔ‫ׯܭ‬๓Ԗᐒၭ཰‫ޑ‬ᆢៈᆅ౛Ϸғౢࠔ፦‫ޑ‬ёՉ‫܄‬ǹӕਔǴӧ࿯ૈ ෧ᅹ᝼ᚒ‫ډڙ‬ᜢ‫ޑݙ‬ϞВǴΨᙖԜ၂ᡍᔠෳԖᐒહբჹ‫ܭ‬βᝆԖᐒᅹ ৤(soil organic carbon, SOC)‫ޑ‬ᆽᑈૈΚǶ ࣴ‫่݀ز‬ᙁॊӵΠǺ! Ȑ΋ȑၭӦ࿶ၸߏය‫ޑ‬ԖᐒહբϐࡕǴ‫ځ‬βᝆለᡵࡋԖ΢ϲ‫ޑ‬ᖿ༈Ȑ> pH=5.0ȑ ǹԖᐒ፦ǵԖᐒᅹǵԖਏ‫܄‬ᕗǵҬඤ‫܄‬ႇǵҬඤ‫܄‬ᗔǵ Ҭඤ‫້ࣣ܄‬ᒿԖᐒહբਔ໔ቚߏԶ೴ᅌቚуǶӧྕ࠻ϣβᝆ‫ޑ‬ ႝᏤࡋϷԖᐒ፦ࣣଯ‫࠻ܭ‬ѦҖ୔ǹԖਏ‫܄‬ᕗǵҬඤ‫້܄‬ǵҬඤ ‫܄‬ᗔǵᎋ‫֖ޑ‬ໆӧྕ࠻ϣࣣଯ‫࠻ྕܭ‬ѦǶᡉҢߏԃ‫ޑ‬Ԗᐒહբ ёа‫ׯ‬๓βᝆ‫ޑ‬ᕉნǶ ȐΒȑԖᐒહբԃය‫ޑ‬ቚуǴёаගଯጫ๼‫ޑ‬ਲ਼ଯǵଳ‫ނ‬ख़ǹβᝆԖ ᐒॶ‫ޑ‬ቚуǴёа٬Ӛϡન‫֎ޑ‬ԏ‫׳‬ᖿᛙ‫ۓ‬ǴନΑёаගଯጫ ๼ႇᆶᎋϡન֖ໆǴΨफ़եΑ໊‫֖ޑ‬ໆǶᙖԜளаԖਏගϲၭ բ‫ނ‬ҁ‫ي‬ϐࠔ፦Ϸ࿶ᔮሽॶǶ! ȐΟȑԖᐒਭ୻ԃය‫ޑ‬ቚуǴӧጫ๼ယТϸ৔Ӏ᛼΢Ǵ‫ܭ‬ё‫ـ‬Ӏᆶ߈ आѦӀ୔‫ޑ‬ϸ৔౗ёև౜੝‫ۓ‬ೕࡓǴ٠ᆶӀӝՅન֖ໆᡂϯϐ ᖿ༈΋ठǹNDVIǵSRVIǵNDVIbroad ǵSRVIbroad ฻෌ғࡰኧϷ. 1.

(12) SPAD ॶёբࣁԖᐒਭ୻ጫ๼ԴϯϷယᆘન֖ໆε൯फ़եਔ‫ޑ‬ ࡰ኱ǶճҔϸ৔Ӏ᛼ीᆉ෌ғࡰኧǴߚઇᚯ‫܄‬Ӧ՗ᆉယТՅન ֖ໆϐᡂϯǴ຾Զᅱෳբ‫ނ‬ғߏ‫ݩރ‬Ǵ‫ܭ‬ჴሞҖ໔હբ΢ࣁ΋ ‫ڀ‬ᔈҔወΚϐёՉБ‫ݤ‬Ƕ! ȐѤȑӧόӕԖᐒਭ୻ԃයྕ࠻୔ύǴᅿ෌΋යጫ๼߻ࡕǴ߄β 20 cm ϣϐβᝆԖᐒᅹቚуऊ 1 ~ 9 Mg ha-1Ǵ࣬྽‫ۓڰܭ‬Α 3.7 ~ 33 Mg CO2 ha-1ǶόӕԖᐒਭ୻ԃය(1~7 ԃ)ྕ࠻୔βᝆёຟӸ SOC ໆ ऊ 31 ~ 56 Mg ha-1Ǵ࣬྽‫ ܭ‬114 ~ 206 Mg CO2 ha-1ǶߏԃࡼՉԖ ᐒહբ‫؂‬ԃѳ֡ё‫ ۓڰ‬14 Mg CO2 ha-1Ǵ٠‫ុ࡭ܭ‬Ԗᐒહբ 5~7 ԃࡕǴၲ‫ډ‬നε SOC ຟໆǶܴᡉӦǴӧ҂ٰ௢ቶԖᐒહբёၲ ‫ ډ‬CO2 ෧ໆǵගϲၭ཰࿶ᔮᆶၭӦߥ‫ػ‬฻ӭख़фૈǴӧౢໆǵ ࠔ፦ǵᕉნߥៈ‫ុ҉ک‬ၭ཰ϐ໔‫ډפ‬ѳᑽᗺǶ!. ᜢᗖӷǺԖᐒਭ୻ǵӀӝՅનǵϸ৔Ӏ᛼ǵSPADǵϡનϩ‫݋‬ǵβᝆ Ԗᐒᅹ 2.

(13) Abstract The major objects of this study is to find out the effect of long-term organic farming on the soil physic-chemical properties and the crop growth, and to investigate the feasibility of applying the real-time analysis, based on the remote-sensing science, to improve the organic agricultural management and the corp quality control. At the meantime, the issues of global warming and carbon reduction were highly-concerned; we also try to exam the capability of soil organic carbon (SOC) stock of the organic farming. The results of the study are shown as followsǺ (1) After the long-term organic farming, the soil pH got a rising trend (> pH 5.0). The content of organic matter, organic carbon, bio-available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable calcium are increased with the duration of the organic cultivation. These indicate the long-term organic farming can improve the soil condition. (2) The increasing of organic cultivation duration can raise the height and dry weight, in addition, can stabilize the plant absorption of the nutrimental elements. In addition to increase the content of the potassium and zinc in vegetables, it reduces the content of the sodium. (3) The increasing of organic farming duration can been shown by a specific regular pattern of the leaf spectral reflectance at the wavelength of visible light and near infra-red regions, and been coincided with the variation of the photosynthetic pigments content. The vegetation index, such as NDVI, SRVI, NDVIbroad and SRVIbroad, and the value of SPAD can be served as the pointers, when the 3.

(14) senescence of the organic cultivated-plants and the reduction of the chloroplast are happened. By utilizing reflectance spectrum to calculate vegetation index and to measure the variation of the pigment content in leaves, and to monitor the whole crop growth condition, finally. (4) In the greenhouses with different duration of organic cultivation, the SOC content within 20 cm-depth from soil surface was increased about 100 to 900 Mg ha-1 (i.e. 370 to 3,300 Mg CO2 ha-1 was got fixed.) throughout a vegetable cultivating cycle. The soil in the greenhouse with different duration of organic farming (from 1 to 7 years) can stock 3,100 to 5,600 Mg ha-1 SOC, which is equivalent to 11,400 ~ 20,600 Mg CO2 ha-1. Under long-term organic cultivation, there is 1400 Mg CO2 ha-1 got fixed each year. The SOC could keep accumulated to the maximum amount while the organic farming was continued more than 5 to 7 years. Evidently, to popularize the organic agricultural management in the future will get benefit from CO2 reduction, promotion of the agricultural crop value, and maintenance of even more healthy cropping fields and products. Eventually, we wish to reach a balance between crop production / quality, environmental protection, and sustainable cultivating environment.. 4.

(15) ಃ΋കǵ߻‫ق‬ ߈ԃٰǴҗ‫ܭ‬ჹᕉნғᄊߥៈ‫ޑ‬ཀ᛽‫ܩ‬ᓐǵଯࠔ፦ၭౢࠔ‫ޑ‬ሡ ‫؃‬ǵаϷ୯ሞຩܰᏤठၭౢࠔᝡ‫ݾ‬฻ӢનǴ୯ϣၭ཰೴ᅌ໒‫وۈ‬ӛᆒ ጏϯ‫ࠠޑ‬ᄊǴᆶ‫ځ‬Ѭ຾αၭౢࠔ‫ל‬ᑽǴԶ‫ځ‬ύԖᐒਭ୻‫ޑ‬ᆅ౛Б‫ݤ‬Ǵ ӕਔ៝ϷΑჹᕉნ϶๓‫ុ҉ޑ‬࿶ᔼ౛‫ۺ‬ǴаϷග‫ٮ‬ଯࠔ፦ၭౢࠔ‫ޑ‬ᝡ ‫ݾ‬ΚǶ Ԗᐒၭ཰Ӣ෧Ͽ٬ҔϯᏢ‫ޥ‬਑ϷၭᛰǴჹᕉნғᄊ‫ޑ‬ӭኬ‫܄‬Ԗ ܴᡉ‫ޑ‬շ੻(Hole et al., 2005)ǹќ΋Бय़ǴӢ໺಍ᄍՉၭ‫ݤ‬ӧၭહ΢ ‫׫‬Εεໆ‫ޑ‬ၗྍǴၸໆ‫ޑ‬ේ‫܌ޥ‬ຽණ‫਻࠻ྕޑ‬ᡏӵ NH4 Ϸ N2OǴа Ϸӧஏ໣હբύ੃઻‫ྍૈޑ‬ǴӧϞВӄౚཪϯ᝼ᚒ‫ݾ‬ፕόᘐϷૈྍӒ ᐒΨВᅌᚹϲ‫ޑ‬௃‫ݩ‬ΠǴаၨեၗྍ‫׫‬Ε‫ޑ‬Ԗᐒၭ཰ٰ‫ڗ‬ж໺಍ၭ ‫ݤ‬ǴΨዴჴԖ‫ځ‬ሽॶ‫ک‬ཀက(Mäder et al., 2002ΙGomiero et al., 2008)Ƕ ‫ ډ‬2008 ԃԃۭࣁЗǴԖᐒၭ཰ӧѠ᡼‫ޑ‬હբय़ᑈςҗ 2004 ԃ ‫ ޑ‬1246 ᎩϦഘቚуࣁ 2356 ᎩϦഘȐՉࡹଣၭ཰‫ہ‬঩཮ၭᙂ࿿Ǵ 2009ȑǴӧࡹ۬ᆶ҇໔ࣣԖᛙ‫ޑۓ‬௢ቶᆶԋߏᖿ༈Ƕฅӧว৖ϐᎩǴ Ԗᐒၭ཰‫࣬ޑ‬ᜢၗૻǴόፕࢂᇡ᛾΢‫ݤޑ‬зೕകǴ‫ࢂ܈‬ჹ‫ܭ‬Ԗᐒਭ୻ ᆅ౛ࣽᏢϯ‫ޑ‬Ꮲೌࣴ‫ز‬ǴӧҞ߻୯ϣࣣΜϩલЮЪό೸ܴǹԶӧࣽᏢ ϯ‫ޑ‬ᆒྗၭ཰ᏹբ΢ǴԖᐒၭ཰౛ᔈሡाќ΋঺όӕ‫ܭ‬໺಍ᄍՉၭ‫ݤ‬ ϐྗ߾ǴБૈ٬Ԗᐒਭ୻ᆅ౛ჹ‫ܭ‬βӦᕉნаϷၭբғౢၲ‫ډ‬ന٫ 5.

(16) ϯǴԋࣁӜ಄‫ځ‬ჴ‫ុ҉ޑ‬ၭ཰Ǵ೭೽ϩ߾ԖࡑᏢೌࣚ‫ک‬ၭ҇ӝբӅӕ а຾ՉӚБय़‫ޑ‬၂ᡍࣴ‫ٰز‬ள‫ډ‬เਢǶ ٩ Ᏽ ୯ ሞ Ԗ ᐒ ၮ ୏ ᖄ ࿉ (International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements)‫ ܭ‬2005 ԃᖄӝε཮ύගр‫ޑ‬Ԗᐒၭ཰Ѥεচ ߾Ǻ଼ந(health)ǵғᄊ(ecology)ǵϦѳ(fairness)ǵᙣ཈(care)฻ѤᗺǴ Ԗᐒၭ཰၀ӵՖ຾Չᆅ౛ǴБૈ੿҅ӣ㎸‫ܭ‬ғᄊᕉნ‫ޑ‬ᆢៈǴගܹહ Ӧᕉნ‫ࠔޑ‬፦Ǵനಖၲ‫ុ҉ډ‬࿶ᔼǴࣗԿၭբ‫ނ‬ౢໆᆶࠔ፦‫ޑ‬ගܹǴ ࢂԖᐒၭ཰നಖ‫ޑ‬΋ঁҞ኱ǶӢԶǴӧᆒྗၭ཰‫ۺཷޑ‬ΠǴჹ‫ܭ‬Ԗᐒ ၭ཰ҭᔈ྽ว৖р΋঺፾ӝ‫ܭ‬Ѡ᡼Ԗᐒਭ୻ᆅ౛ϐኳԄǶ ଞჹѠ᡼Ԗᐒၭ൑ᆅ౛‫ޣ‬࿶தલЮᆒྗϐᆢៈᆅ౛Б‫ݤ‬Ǵӧ໺ ಍‫ޑ‬ᆅ౛ኳԄѝࢂჹ‫ځ‬Յᐛ଺ղᘐǴࡌҥ΋঺҅ዴԶ‫ז‬ೲ‫ޑ‬ᆅ౛ኳԄ ࢂԖ‫ځ‬Ѹा‫܄‬ǶӢࣁ໺಍‫ޑ‬ᆅ౛ኳԄ߯ஒβᝆǵ෌ਲ਼ኬࠔଌԿჴᡍ࠻ ኬࠔϩ‫݋‬ᔠෳǴ઻຤ၨӭ‫ޑ‬ΓΚǵ‫ނ‬ΚǴ٠Ъሡा࿶ၸ΋ࢤਔ໔ωள ‫ډ‬ϩ‫่݀݋‬Ƕӵ݀ૈ೸ၸᇿག௖ෳ‫ࡌ܌‬ҥᜢᖄኳԄ൩ૈ‫ז‬ೲΑှբ‫ނ‬ ේનᆢៈᆅ౛΢‫ޑ‬ሡ‫؃‬ǴЪ೸ၸᇿག௖ෳࣽᏢ‫܌‬ว৖р‫ޑ‬ϩ‫ೌמ݋‬Ϸ ‫܌‬ග‫ޜޑٮ‬໔ᆶӀ᛼ၗૻᄬԋ΃ֹ᏾‫ޜޑ‬໔ϩ‫س݋‬಍Ǵ຾Զёа‫ׯ‬๓ Ԗᐒၭ཰‫ޑ‬ᆢៈᆅ౛‫س‬಍Ϸғౢࠔ፦ǶЀ‫ࢂځ‬ჹ‫ܭ‬҂ٰ‫ޑ‬৖ఈૈࡌҥ ҅ዴ‫ޑ‬БӛϷࣴ‫ុۯޑز‬Ǵჹ‫ܭ‬ჴሞ‫ޑ‬ၮҔஒࢂ΋໨ख़εँઇǶ ҁࣴ‫ز‬ᔕᕕှԖᐒਭ୻ჹβᝆ౛ϯ‫܄‬፦Ϸբ‫ނ‬ғ‫ޑػ‬ቹៜǴ٠. 6.

(17) ᔈҔᇿག௖ෳࣽᏢ‫܌‬ว৖р‫ޑ‬ջਔϩ‫ׯܭೌמ݋‬๓Ԗᐒၭ཰‫ޑ‬ᆢៈ ᆅ౛Ϸғౢࠔ፦ǴӕਔǴӧ࿯ૈ෧ᅹ᝼ᚒ‫ډڙ‬ᜢ‫ޑݙ‬ϞВǴΨᙖԜ၂ ᡍ᛾ჴԖᐒਭ୻ჹ‫ܭ‬βᝆԖᐒᅹ৤‫ޑ‬ᆽᑈૈΚዴჴԖ‫܌‬շ੻Ƕ. 7.

(18) ಃΒകǵ߻Γࣴ‫ز‬ ಃ΋࿯ǵ ಃ΋࿯ǵѠ᡼Ԗᐒၭ཰౜‫ݩ‬ Ѡ᡼Ԗᐒၭ཰౜‫ݩ‬. Ѡ᡼Ծ҇୯76ԃύ໒‫ۈ‬຾ՉԖᐒၭ཰‫ޑ‬ёՉ‫܄‬၂ᡍࣴ‫ز‬Ǵ‫ܭ‬ ҇୯84ԃଆ҅Ԅᒧ‫ۓ‬ၭЊ຾ՉԖᐒၭ཰ਭ୻၂բǴϐࡕ٠ठΚ‫ܭ‬ ୻‫ػ‬፾ӝԖᐒਭ୻ϐբ‫ނ‬ǵԖᐒਭ୻‫ೌמ‬ϐࣴวǵԖᐒ‫ޥ‬਑‫ޑ‬໒ วǵߚϯᏢ‫܄‬ၭᛰ‫زࣴޑ‬฻Ƕၭ‫ܭ཮ہ‬88ԃ3Д15ВϦ֋ȨԖᐒၭ ౢࠔғౢ୷ྗȩǵȨԖᐒၭౢࠔᡍ᛾ᐒᄬᇶᏤाᗺȩϷȨԖᐒၭ ౢࠔᡍ᛾ᇶᏤλಔ೛࿼ाᗺȩ฻ೕ‫ۓ‬ǴԿ93ԃςᇶᏤȨ଄ი‫ݤ‬Γ ୯ሞऍ‫ػ‬Ծฅғᄊ୷ߎ཮ȩǵȨᆵ᡼࣪Ԗᐒၭ཰ғౢ‫཮ڐ‬ȩǵȨ଄ ი‫ݤ‬ΓཁЈԖᐒၭ཰ว৖୷ߎ཮ȩϷȨѠ᡼ᝊ৞Ԗᐒၭ཰ว৖‫ڐ‬ ཮ȩ฻Ѥৎ҇໔Ԗᐒᡍ᛾ᐒᄬǴԋࣁၭ‫཮ہ‬ਡё௤៾ϐԖᐒၭౢ ࠔᡍ᛾ᐒᄬǴԖᐒၭ཰ᡍ᛾य़ᑈԾ85ԃϐ160ϦഘǴԿ95ԃԃۭς ၲ1708ϦഘǴΜԃϣቚуӭၲΜ७а΢ϐय़ᑈǶ. ಃΒ࿯ǵ ǵԖᐒહբჹβᝆ‫܄‬፦ϐቹៜ ಃΒ࿯. ΋. Ԗᐒ‫ޑޥ‬ᅿᜪ. 8.

(19) (΋) ‫ࣅݝ‬Ԗᐒ‫ޥ‬Ǻ ! ! ‫ࢂࣅݝ‬ђжғ‫ߏނ‬ය؇ᑈᙯϯϐౢ‫ނ‬Ǵӧβᝆύϩှ጗ᄌǴ ჹߏය‫܄‬βᝆԖᐒ፦‫ޑ‬ቚуࢂനԖਏ‫ޑ‬፦‫׷‬Ƕ‫֖ࣅݝ‬Ԗӭໆ‫ޑ‬ᆭ ෌ለǴќ֖Ԗ໳ለϷᆭ෌ጤǴԖᐒ፦֖ໆଯǴࣁ΋ᛙ‫܄ۓ‬ଯϷό ܰϩှ‫ޑ‬βᝆ‫ؼׯ‬ᏊǶ (Β) ᆭ෌ለǺ ! ! ᆭ෌ለ‫܄ޑ‬፦ևለ‫܄‬ྋ‫ܭ‬ᡵǴόྋ‫ܭ‬ለ‫⇌ޑ‬ᜪᆫӝ‫ނ‬Ǵ‫ځ‬ό ܰ೏ϩှЪᄬ೷ᛙ‫ۓ‬Ǵё‫ߏٮ‬ਏ‫܄‬Ԗᐒ‫ޥ‬਑‫ޑ‬ᔈҔǴࢂᓬ‫ޑؼ‬β ᝆ‫ؼׯ‬ᏊǶనᏊᆭ෌ለёుࡼΕβᝆۭቫǴჹቚуుቫβᝆԖᐒ ፦շ੻‫ؼ‬ӭǶோ୘ࠔᆭ෌ለऩ҂ፓ᏾‫ځ‬ᔼᎦϡનԋϩ‫ޣ‬Ǵ‫ە‬ଛӝ ϯᏢ‫ޥ‬਑ࡼҔǶ (Ο) ୏‫ނ‬ቲక‫ނ‬ϐԖᐒ‫ޥ‬਑Ǻ ! ! 1. ୏‫ނ‬ᕨߡᜪ(ᚊᕨǵ፜ᕨǵФᕨ฻)ϐԋϩຎ‫ځ‬Ⴉ਑ϐόӕ Ϸబу‫׷‬਑‫ޑ‬ӭჲǴቹៜࠔ፦ࣗεǶԜᜪԖᐒ‫ޥ‬਑ᔈ‫ݙ‬ཀ‫ځ‬ᆭዕ ำࡋϷख़ߎឦ֖ໆǶ ! ! 2. ቲకූᡏᜪ(ങણǵମણǵԳЛǵҜЛǵቲҜॠણ฻)Ьा ԋϩࣁේ‫ޥ‬Ǵឦೲਏ‫܄‬ϐԖᐒ‫ޥ‬਑Ǵோ‫ځ‬ύମણ֖ၨଯϐᕗ້‫ޥ‬Ǵ ឦ‫ܭ‬ၨ጗ᄌϩှ‫ޑ‬Ԗᐒᕗ‫ޥ‬Ƕ (Ѥ) ෌‫ූނ‬ᡏ‫܈‬ቲక‫ނ‬ϐԖᐒ‫ޥ‬਑Ǻ. 9.

(20) ! ! ၨத‫ޥ୴ࣁޑـ‬Ǵ‫ࠔځ‬፦ࢂ٩٬Ҕ‫׷‬਑ǵᔼᎦ֖ໆϐӭჲϷ ᆭዕࡋ‫ޑ‬ৡձԶԖόӕǶ΋૓‫ل‬ሪ෦ᜪၨܰϩှǴឦೲਏ‫܄‬Ԗᐒ ‫ޥ‬਑Ǵ֖ේ‫ޥ‬ΨၨଯǴԶᐋҜǵЕ৕ǵෘ෦Ϸ෌ᡏ฻ᜪ୴‫߾ޥ‬ឦ ၨόܰϩှ‫ޑ‬Ԗᐒ፦‫ޥ‬਑Ǵёຎࣁ‫ؼ‬ӳ‫ޑ‬βᝆߏය‫ؼׯ‬ᏊǶோа ᐋҜϷЕ৕ᜪࣁ‫׷‬਑‫ޣ‬ϐ୴‫ޥ‬Ǵᔈ੝ձ‫ݙ‬ཀ‫ځ‬ᆭዕࡋ(୴ᑈਔ໔ሡ ၨߏ)Ƕ (ϖ) ๧‫܈ڗ‬ᐚᕭԖᐒ‫ޥ‬਑ ! ! ୘ࠔύவ୏ǵ෌‫ނ‬ύ๧‫ޑڗ‬Ԗᐒ‫ނ‬Ǵևనᡏ‫܈‬ᐚᕭણ/ಈ‫ރ‬Ǵ ֖ԖӚᅿԖᐒ‫ނ‬ϷᔼᎦϡન (хࡴ༾ໆϡન)ǴࣗԿ֖Ԗሇનǵ෌ ‫ނ‬ລᅟᆾϷ‫ל‬ғન฻๧‫ނڗ‬Ǵࣁ΋ೲਏϷᆕӝ‫ޑ܄‬Ԗᐒ‫ޥ‬਑Ƕ. Β. Ԗᐒ‫ޥ‬ჹβᝆ΋૓‫܄‬፦ϐቹៜ (΋) βᝆ֖ේໆϐ‫ۓڰ‬ Ԗᐒ‫࣬ޥ‬ၨ‫ܭ‬ϯᏢ‫ޥ‬਑጗ਏញ‫ޑܫ‬੝‫܄‬Ǵёග‫ٮ‬βᝆ‫ޑ୼ى‬ ԖਏේǴӧ፾྽‫ࡼޑ‬Ҕᓎ౗ΠǴ٠ό཮೷ԋβᝆύฮለᡶᜪ‫ޑ‬ε ໆಕᑈǴё෧եβᝆᡶϯ‫ޑ‬ำࡋ(ఆ฻, 2001)Ƕ (Β) ғ‫ނ‬ӭኬ‫܄‬ᆶβᝆიಈ่ᄬ ࡼՉԖᐒਭ୻‫ޑ‬Җ୔ǴӢคೲਏϯᏢ‫ޥ‬਑ϷၭᛰǴΞ‫ޔ‬ௗቚ уβᝆύ‫ޑ‬ԖᐒᅹྍǴβᝆ‫ޑ‬ғ‫ނ‬ӭኬ‫ܴ཮܄‬ᡉ‫ޑ‬ගܹǶβᝆ༾. 10.

(21) ғ‫៌ࢲޑނ‬ёߦ຾βᝆიಈ่ᄬ‫׎ޑ‬ԋǴ٬βᝆ᚞೬ǴᗉխฯჴǴ ӕਔ‫׎‬ԋ΋ᛙ‫ޑۓ‬βᝆ༾ғ‫࣬ނ‬Ǵ෧եβᝆੰ্‫ޑ‬วғ౗Ƕࣴ‫ز‬ ᡉҢǴࡼҔԖᐒ‫ޥ‬ቚуΑβᝆ‫ޑ‬იᆫϯբҔǴёӧ΋‫ۓ‬ำࡋ΢෧ եહբჹიಈ่ᄬ‫ޑ‬ઇᚯ(Ӽ฻, 2008)Ƕ (Ο) βᝆለᡵࡋ ߏයࡼҔᆭ෌፦ϐआᝆӦǴё෧ϿჹҡԪ‫ޑ‬ሡाໆǴ‫ׯ‬๓β ᝆለ‫܄‬ǶߏයࡼҔԖᐒ‫ޥ‬਑ǴჹቚуβᝆύԖਏᕗ֖ໆҭԖ‫܌‬շ ੻(ླྀ, 1988ǹቅ฻, 2006)ǶӕਔǴԖᐒਭ୻ϐહӦёӧၨϿ‫ޥޑ‬਑ ࡼҔໆΠள‫ډ‬ᆶ໺಍ၭ‫߈࣬ݤ‬ϐౢໆǴჹβᝆ‫ޥ‬ΚϷβᝆғ‫ނ‬ӭ ኬ‫܄‬฻᏾ᡏહբᕉნ੝‫ࣣ܄‬Ԗ‫ׯ܌‬๓(Mäder et al., 2002)Ƕ ӧѠ᡼Ǵ௢ՉΜᎩԃԖᐒၭ཰ϐࡕǴࣴ‫ز‬ൔ֋ΨᡉҢߏයࡼ ҔԖᐒ୴‫ޥ‬Ǵβᝆ pH ॶǵԖᐒ፦֖ໆǵβᝆიಈᛙ‫ࡋۓ‬ǵᕴᡏஏ ࡋǵβᝆ‫ޥ‬Κ฻֡ᓬ‫ܭ‬ᄍՉၭӦǴӕਔ‫ׯ‬๓βᝆ๵࣬Ǵ٬β൞ੰ ্ε൯෧Ͽวғ(ጰ, 2002)Ƕ. Ο. Ԗᐒહբჹβᝆᅹ৤ϐቹៜ βᝆԖᐒᅹ৤(soil organic carbon pool, SOC)‫܌‬ж߄‫ࢂޑ‬βᝆ Ԗᐒᅹ‫֖ޑ‬ໆ‫܈‬ᓯӸໆǶჹғ‫ނ‬୮Զ‫תق‬ᄽख़ा‫ف‬ՅǴ‫ځ‬ᡂϯ཮ ‫ޔ‬ௗቹៜ(1)βᝆ‫ٮ‬๏ේǵᕗǵႇϷӚᜪᔼᎦϡનϐૈΚǹ(2)֎ߕ. 11.

(22) εໆ໚ᚆηᗉխరࢱࢬѨǹ(3)Ծ᝜‫ނ‬ύ‫ڗܜ‬ᔼᎦϡન‫ٮ‬෌‫ނ‬ճ Ҕǹ(4)Ԗᐒለёྋှ‫܈‬ϩှ᝜‫ނ‬፦٬‫ځ‬ញ‫ܫ‬Ꭶϩǹ(5)‫ߥڀ‬НૈΚǹ (6)ߦ຾ᆶᛙ‫ۓ‬βᝆიಈբҔǹ(7)फ़եβᝆᕴᡏஏࡋаճਥ‫س‬ว ৖ǹ(8)‫ٮ‬๏༾ғ‫܌ނ‬ሡϐૈྍǹϷ(9)٬βᝆᚑՅསϯߦ຾֎ԏ዗ ૈаගଯβྕǴᆶβᝆ೚ӭ‫ނ‬౛ǵϯᏢᆶғ‫܄ނ‬፦Ԗஏόёϩ‫ޑ‬ ᜢ߯(೾Ǵ1997ǹഋ฻Ǵ1998)Ǵ຾ԶቹៜβᝆϐғౢΚǴჹ‫ܭ‬բ‫ނ‬ ғߏᆶว‫ػ‬Զ‫࣬ࢂق‬྽ख़ा‫ޑ‬೽ҽǶ Majumder et al. (2008)٠ࡰрӵाᆢ࡭βᝆԖᐒᅹ֖ໆǴԿϿ ‫؂‬ԃሡ3.3 Mg C ha-1 (х֖բ‫ූނ‬ਲ਼ଅ᝘)ǶJohnson et al. (2006)Ψࡰ рғౢᙂ१բ‫ނ‬ϐၭӦа݈౑БԄ᏾ӦǴሡԖ2.5±1.0 Mg C ha-1 yr-1‫ޑ‬ᅹનញΕаᆢ࡭SOCǹό᏾ӦБԄ໻ሡ1.8±0.44 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 ᅹનញΕǶ೸ၸ‫؂‬ԃҖ໔‫ޑ‬ᅹનញΕᕴໆǴхٰ֖ԾԖᐒ୴‫܈ޥ‬ բ‫ނ‬ϐଅ᝘ǴӧҞ߻ࣁЗ‫ى‬а՗ीҖ໔SOCǴՠStewart et al. (2007) ‫߄߾زࣴޑ‬Ң҂ٰβᝆԖᐒᅹϝԖႫ‫ޑک‬ᐒ཮ǴѝࢂҞ߻ϝೀӧ ‫ޔ‬ጕᜢ߯Ǵۘ҂ၲ‫ډ‬ϸԔᗺǶ βᝆԖᐒᅹໆ೏᛾ჴᆶહբ‫ࡋڋ‬ǵહ౑БԄǵϷ‫ޥ‬਑ᆅ౛฻ ΓࣁᏹբԖᜢǴӧ‫ޥ‬਑ᆅ౛Бय़Ǵόࡼ‫ޥ‬હӦβᝆǴԖᐒ፦཮೴ ԃΠफ़Ǵӝ౛ϯᏢේ‫ޥ‬Ҕໆ߾ёаᆢ࡭Нྗ(ऊ 90 Mg ha-1)ǴԖᐒ ୴‫ࡼޑޥ‬Ҕ(20 Mg ha-1 yr-1)ჹ‫ܭ‬βᝆԖᐒ፦‫ࡠޑ‬ൺਏ݀ߚத‫ؼ‬ӳ. 12.

(23) (ഋ฻Ǵ1998)ǶMajumder et al. (2008)‫ܭ‬ӑࡋ٥዗஥Ӧ୔аНዿ (Oryza sativa L.)ᆶষϷΟယ૛(Trifolium alexandrium L.)፺բ 20 ԃ Җ໔၂ᡍ่݀ΨࡰрǴӝ౛ࡼҔϯᏢ‫ޥ‬਑ૈᆢ࡭βᝆԖᐒᅹǹӵ ӆࡼу୴‫ޥ‬Ǵ߾཮٬ᅹ৤ុᓯໆቚуǴЪ SOC ቚуᆶᅹનញΕໆ (х֖Ԗᐒ‫ޥ‬ᆶ҂ԏᛘϐӦ΢೽ǵӦΠ೽ූਲ਼ϐᅹનᕴ‫)ک‬և҅࣬ ᜢǶԖᐒ‫ޥ‬ନΑҁ‫ي‬ϐᅹનଅ᝘ϐѦǴ‫׳‬ёаቚуβᝆғౢΚԶ ߦ຾բ‫ނ‬ғߏǴ٬ଳ‫ނ‬ख़ቚуǴΨ٬ූਲ਼ϐଅ᝘ໆගଯǴӢԜౢ ໆᆶᅹ৤ϐ໔‫ڀ‬Ԗ࣬྽ᡉ๱‫ޑ‬ጕ‫܄‬ᜢ߯Ƕ ࣴ‫ز‬ᡉҢǴβᝆԖᐒᅹ‫ک‬ӄේ֖ໆևᡉ๱҅࣬ᜢǴԶӕਔࡼ ҔԖᐒ‫ޥ‬ᆶคᐒ‫ޥ‬਑‫ޑ‬ၭӦǴ࣬ၨ‫ܭ‬໺಍໻٬ҔคᐒϯᏢ‫ޥ‬਑‫ޑ‬ ၭӦǴӧ΋‫ۓ‬ำࡋ΢ёߦ߈βᝆᅹǵේ‫ۓڰޑ‬ᆶಕᑈ(ቅ฻, 2008)Ƕ Ԗᐒਭ୻ё‫ׯ‬๓βᝆ‫ޑ‬იಈ่ᄬǴԶβᝆიᆫ่ᄬϣ‫ޑ‬ಒᗭಈԖ ᐒᅹ֖ໆᡉ๱ଯ‫ܭ‬ಉᗭಈԖᐒᅹ֖ໆǴᇥܴࡼҔԖᐒ‫ޥ‬Ԗճ‫ܭ‬ი ᆫᡏϣಒᗭಈԖᐒᅹ‫ޑ‬ಕᑈǴගଯβᝆࢲ‫܄‬Ԗᐒᅹ֖ໆ(Ӽ฻, 2008ǹ৪฻, 2006)Ƕ. ಃΟ࿯ǵ ϷᔼᎦԋҽϐቹៜ ϐቹៜ ಃΟ࿯ǵԖᐒહբჹբ‫ނ‬ғ‫ػ‬ϷᔼᎦԋҽ Ԗᐒહբჹբ‫ނ‬ғ‫ػ‬ϷᔼᎦԋҽ. ᏃᆅҞ߻ࣴ‫ز‬εӭϝᡉҢԖᐒၭౢࠔӧౢໆϷᔼᎦԋϩ΢ᆶ໺ ಍ၭౢࠔ‫ޑ‬ৡ౦٠όᡉ๱(Magkos et al., 2003ǹDiane and John, 2002ǹ 13.

(24) ᗛ, 1998)ǴՠϝԖࣴ‫ࡰز‬рǴԖᐒਭ୻‫ޑ‬ၭౢࠔ‫ڀ‬Ԗၨଯ‫ޑ‬ᆢд‫ ڮ‬Cǵ ៓ǵᗔᆶᕗ֖ໆǴӕਔ෧եբ‫ނ‬ύ‫܌‬஥Ԗ‫ޑ‬ฮለᡶ֖ໆ(Worthington, 2001; ఆ฻, 2001)ǴќѦΨว౜ǴӧߏයԖᐒਭ୻‫ޑ‬௃‫ݩ‬ΠǴพनύ ‫ޑ‬ᜪ໳✉‫ނ‬፦࣬ၨ‫ܭ‬໺಍હբԖܴᡉ‫ޑ‬ቚу(Mitchell et al., 2007)Ǵᡉ ҢԖᐒਭ୻Π‫ޑ‬ၭౢࠔǴϝ‫ࢌڀ‬٤ᓬ‫ؼ‬੝‫܄‬Ƕ࿶၂ᡍǴӧߏය‫ޑ‬Ԗᐒ ਭ୻ᆅ౛ΠǴጫ๼ౢໆև౜೴ԃቚଯ‫ޑ‬ᖿ༈ǴӧࡕයࣗԿόሡϼӭ‫ޑ‬ ࡼ‫ޥ‬ໆǴ‫ځ‬ύ‫ޑ‬ख़ᗺӧ‫ܭ‬፾྽‫ޥࡼޑ‬ᆅ౛Ǵᗉխβᝆᡶ্วғǶ. ಃѤ࿯ǵ ಃѤ࿯ǵջਔບᘐ‫ೌמ‬ӧբ‫ނ‬ᆅ౛ϐᔈҔ. ΋ǵӀ᛼ᇿෳϐচ౛ᆶᔈҔ ྽ႝᅶૈ(electromagnetic energy)‫׫‬৔ӧҺ΋‫ނ‬ᡏ߄य़ਔǴ཮ ౢғϸ৔(reflectance)ǵऀ೸(transmittance)Ϸ֎ԏ(absorption)Οᅿ բҔǶᇿෳջࣁճҔགෳᏔइᒵ‫ނ‬ᡏϸ৔‫ܫ܈‬৔ႝᅶૈ‫ޑ‬ᡂϯǶ ႝᅶૈ٩‫ߏݢ‬ϐόӕёϩࣁคጕႝ‫ݢ‬ǵ༾‫ݢ‬ǵ዗आѦጕǵϸ৔आ Ѧጕǵё‫ـ‬Ӏǵ๋ѦጕǵX ৔ጕ฻ǶᔈҔ‫ܭ‬ᇿෳ‫ޑ‬Ьाϸ৔Ӏ᛼ ‫఼ࢤݢ‬ᇂ๋ѦӀ(< 400 nm)ǵё‫ـ‬Ӏ(400ɴ700 nm)ǵ߈आѦӀ(700 ɴ1300 nm)ϷύआѦӀ(1300ɴ2500 nm)฻ǴӧԜ฻‫ࢤݢ‬ጄൎΠ෌ ೏ϷӦ‫ࣣނ‬ёඔᛤр‫ޑࠠڂ‬ϸ৔Ӏ᛼੝ቻԔጕ(Fuchs, 1990)ǶӀ᛼ ᇿෳջճҔբ‫ނ‬ӧӚ‫ޑࢤݢ‬ϸ৔Ǵᒣձрόӕ‫ނ‬ᅿ෌೏ǵᅱຎғ 14.

(25) ߏ‫ރ‬ᄊϷୀෳ‫ؠڙ‬Ӧ୔฻Ƕ Ӏ᛼ᇿෳϐᔈҔቫय़ࣗቶǶӧᕉნᇿෳ΢ӵӦᇮӦ‫ނ‬ඳᢀǵ ෌೏ϩթᆶ෌࣬᠘ձǵНᡏϩѲǵ‫ݞ‬οྎ෤ǵβӦճҔǵҬ೯ᆶ πำǵӦ‫׎‬ᆶβ፦ϷН፦ᆶНྍ฻Ƕӧբ‫ނ‬ғౢ΢Ǵፏӵբ‫ނ‬ϩ թᆶय़ᑈǵғ‫ػ‬໘ࢤǵғߏ‫ރ‬ᄊǵౢໆႣෳǵ଍ნਏᔈϷ‫্ؠ‬ᔠ ෳ฻֡ࢂǴӕਔΨёᔈҔ‫ܭ‬ၭӦᅱෳǴౢ཰୏ᄊଓᙫǵၭ཰ၗྍ ճҔǵβӦᆅ౛ϷӦკ‫׳‬ཥ฻Ҕ೼Ƕ Ӏ᛼ᇿෳӧၭ཰Бय़ϐᔈҔǴჹ‫ܭ‬βᝆ‫܄‬፦ϐ௖ෳǴճҔӧ ё‫ـ‬Ӏ୔Կ߈आѦӀ୔ϸ৔Ӏ᛼‫ޑ‬ϸ৔ॶёҔ‫ܭ‬ղញβ߄‫ޑ‬Ԗᐒ ‫֖ނ‬ໆᆶНϩ֖ໆ(Krishnan et al., 1980; Kano et al., 1985; Dalal and Henry, 1986; Henderson et al., 1989; Henderson et al., 1992; Sudduth and Hummel, 1993)ǹճҔறՅआѦጕቹႽёҔ‫ܭ‬ղញҖ໔ β ᝆ ᅖ Ε ೲ ౗ ᆶ ༾ Ӧ ‫ ׎‬ଆ ҷ ‫ ޜ ޑ‬໔ ϩ Ѳ (Lillesand and Kiefer, 1994)ǹᔈҔ༾‫ݢ‬ҭёղញβ߄Н֖ໆ(Ulaby et al., 1974; Bernard et al., 1982; Ulaby et al., 1983)ǵβ߄ಉᕫࡋ(Ulaby et al., 1978; Choudhury et al., 1979)ǵβᝆ፦Ӧ(Ulaby et al., 1978)฻ख़ा‫܄‬፦‫ޑ‬ ‫ޜ‬໔ϩѲǶ ӧբ‫ނ‬ғߏᆶౢໆБय़ǴதҔ‫ࢤݢޑ‬аᆘӀ(green, G; 520ɴ 600 nm)ǵआӀ(red, R; 630ɴ700 nm)ǵ߈आѦӀ(near-infrared, NIR;. 15.

(26) 700ɴ1300 nm)ࣁЬ(Leblon et al., 1991; Benedetti and Rossini, 1993; Ma et al., 1996ǹླྀǴ1999)Ƕӧё‫ـ‬Ӏ୔‫߈ک‬आѦӀ୔‫ޑ‬ϸ৔Ӏ᛼ ё೏Ҕ‫ܭ‬բ‫ނ‬Ӧ߄ᙟᇂ౗(Huete, 1987; Maas, 1998)ǵယय़ᑈࡰኧ (leaf area index, LAI) (Pollock and Kanemasu, 1979; Gardner and Blad, 1986; Peterson et al., 1987)ǵယᆘન֖ໆ(Thomas and Gausman, 1977; Ercoli et al., 1993)ǵ෌ਲ਼ᔼᎦ‫(ݩރ‬Al-Abbas et al., 1974; Milton et al., 1989; Milton et al., 1991; Adams et al., 1993; Blackmer et al., 1996)ǵଳ‫ײ‬଍ნ(ҙ‫׵ک‬Ǵ1998)Ϸբ‫ނ‬ౢໆ(Kanemasu et al., 1990; Thenkabail et al., 1994)ϐ՗ෳǶќѦӧύआѦӀ୔‫ޑ‬ϸ৔Ӏ ᛼ёҔ‫ܭ‬ယТНϩ֖ໆෳ‫(ۓ‬Inoue et al., 1993)Ƕҗ዗आѦጕቹႽё Ҕ‫୔ܭ‬ձ‫ډڙ‬Нϩ଍ნ໾্‫୔ޑ‬ୱ (Jackson, 1982; Inoue, 1990)Ƕ ༾‫߾ݢ‬ёҔ‫ܭ‬՗ෳယय़ᑈࡰኧ (Ulaby et al., 1983; Prevot et al., 1993)ǶYoder ‫ ک‬Pettigrew-Crosby (1995)ճҔယТϷ෌೏‫ ܭ‬400ɴ 2500 nm ‫ޑ‬ϸ৔Ӏ᛼ၗ਑ࡌҥ෌‫ނ‬ᡏϣේનᆶယᆘનϐ֖ໆϷᐚ ࡋ‫ޑ‬ႣෳኳԄǶ. Βǵ෌ғࡰኧ ෌ғࡰኧ(vegetation index, VI)ࣁ෌೏Ӏ᛼੝ቻϐኧᏢᙯඤǴᙖ җӀ᛼੝ቻ՗ෳբ‫ނ‬෌೏Ѧᢀ‫ނ‬౛‫ރ܄‬ǴԜ΋ኧᏢᙯඤ‫ڀ‬Ԗ኱ྗ ϯόӕᕉნ‫ݩރ‬Ӏ᛼ୀෳॶϐфૈǴջ௨ନբ‫ނ‬ғߏᕉნৡ౦೷ 16.

(27) ԋϐӀ᛼ୀෳॶৡ౦ǶҔٰीᆉ෌ғࡰኧа຾ՉՅન֖ໆ՗ᆉϐ ‫ࢤݢ‬ǴѸ໪ჹՅન֖ໆ‫ڀ‬Ԗଯ௵གࡋǴЪόܰ‫ځڙ‬дӢηቹៜǶ ࣬ჹԶ‫ق‬Ǵቹៜ೭٤‫ࢤݢ‬ϸ৔౗ϐЬाӢηջࣁӚᅿՅનǶ෌ғ ࡰኧीᆉϦԄϐᡂኧǴӭ‫ڗ‬ԾᆘӀǵआӀϷ߈आѦӀ฻‫ࢤݢ‬ᒟ৔ ॶǶӢᆘՅ෌‫ނ‬Ԗ֎ԏᙔӀǵआӀϷமਗ਼ϸ৔߈आѦӀϐ੝‫܄‬Ǵ ёҔ‫ܭ‬෌‫ނ‬ၗྍϐ௖ෳǴЪӭ٬Ҕё‫ـ‬Ӏᆶ߈आѦӀϐКॶ‫܈‬ৡ ॶǴЀ‫ځ‬аआӀϷ߈आѦӀ‫ࣁࢤݢ‬ЬǶᇂᆘՅ෌‫ނ‬ғߏຫ‫ܮ‬౰Ǵ ‫֎ځ‬ԏϐआӀຫӭǴԶϸ৔ϐ߈आѦӀຫமǴआӀϷ߈आѦӀϐ ৡջຫε(Price and Bausch, 1995ǹGreen et al., 1997ǹ໳฻Ǵ1996)Ƕ җ෌೏ϸ৔Ӏ᛼‫ޑ‬ϩ‫݋‬Ǵว౜όӕ‫ࢤݢ‬ϸ৔Кॶ‫ޑ‬ᡂϯᆶբ‫ޑނ‬ ғ౛ϸᔈϷғߏ‫ݩރ‬ԖஏϪᜢ߯(Bauer, 1975ǹWalburg et al., 1982ǹMa et al., 1996ǹMasoni et al., 1997)ǴԶаόӕ‫ࢤݢ‬ϸ৔К ॶ‫܌‬ीᆉϐӚᅿ෌ғࡰኧ߾‫ډڙ‬෌೏‫ޑ‬ว‫ػ‬ϷಔᙃϟໆǴӵယय़ ᑈࡰኧǵਲ਼ଯǵНϩ֖ໆǵғ፦ໆ(biomass)ǵՅન֖ໆǵಒझᏛ ಔԋǵယ߄य़੝ቻϷယТϣ೽ᄬ೷฻ϐቹៜǴԜ‫܄‬፦ёճҔ‫ܭ‬բ ‫ނ‬෌೏‫ޑ‬ϩᜪϷว‫ػ‬໘ࢤ‫ޑ‬ղ‫(ۓ‬Kanemasu, 1974ǹTucker, 1979ǹ Elvidge and Chen, 1995ǹPrice and Bausch, 1995)Ƕ(ߕ߄ 1)ࣁਥᏵआ Ӏ Ϸ ߈ आ Ӏ ‫ ࢤ ݢ‬ी ᆉ ϐ ൳ ᅿ த ‫ ـ‬෌ ғ ࡰ ኧ (Elvidge and Chen, 1995)Ǵၨத٬Ҕ‫ޑ‬෌ғࡰኧаதᄊϯৡ౦෌ғࡰኧ(normalized. 17.

(28) difference vegetation index, NDVI)ࣁЬǶNDVI ቶ‫ݱ‬ᔈҔ‫ܭ‬ϩ‫݋‬ຑ ՗ᆘՅ෌‫ނ‬ϐӀӝբҔǵ෌‫ނ‬ϐᙟᇂ౗Ϸғ፦ໆ฻Ƕ໳฻(1996) මҔ‫ݤ‬୯ SPOT ፁࢃቹႽٰ௢՗හ݅෌‫ ނ‬NDVI ϐᡂᎂǹаΐҽ Βξࣁኬ୔ǴճҔӦ᎜߻ࡕϐ SPOT ፁࢃቹႽीᆉ஝༥୔Տϐ෌ ೏෌ғࡰኧǵໆϯ஝༥୔ՏϷ‫ځ‬෌ғൺ‫ػ‬௃‫׎‬Ǵ่ӝኧՏӦ‫׎‬ϩ ‫݋‬Ǵග‫ٮ‬෌ғൺ‫୔ػ‬ՏၗૻǴբࣁ஝༥Ӧᅱෳᆶ‫ݯ‬౛ຑ՗ϐҔ (Yang et al., 2002ǹླྀ฻Ǵ2000)ǶճҔ NDVI ٰߏයᅱ௓හ݅О‫ؠ‬ ғ ᄊ ࡠ ൺ ၸ ำ Ϸ ‫ ځ‬Ӧ य़ ෌ ೏ ϐ ᡂ ᎂ (Oechel and Reid, 1984; Jakubauskas et al., 1990)ǵ‫ځ‬ᐋ߷่ᄬϐᡂϯ(Malanson and Trabaud, 1987)ǵ‫߃ځ‬ભғౢΚϐࡠൺ(Specht, 1981)ᆶғᄊࡠൺϐೲࡋᆶኳ Ԅ(Viedma et al., 1997)฻ǶChoudhury (1994)ᔈҔ NDVI ٰ௢՗෌ ғϐᇃวණໆǶMojarro (1988)а NDVI բࣁϸᔈଳ‫ނ‬፦ౢໆϐࡰ ኱ǴԶ Gilbert ฻(1990)ҭճҔ NDVI ϩᒣ࢔ᐊ‫ڙ‬ᗩ্‫ޑ‬ำࡋǶCihlar ฻(1991)ᔈҔ෌ғࡰኧ NDVI ٰᅱෳғᄊ‫س‬ϣ෌‫ނ‬ғߏ௃‫׎‬Ϸወ ӧᇃวණໆ‫ޑ‬ᡂ౦ǶӚᜪ෌ғࡰኧςԋࣁᇿෳӦय़բ‫ނ‬Ӛᅿ੝‫܄‬ ‫ޑ‬ख़ाࡰ኱ǴԶ೏ቶ‫ݱ‬ᔈҔǶ(‫ځ‬Ѭ෌ғࡰኧϐϦԄǴ‫ځ‬၁ಒӈ߄ ‫ ߄ߕـ‬1). ΟǵယᆘનᆶӀ᛼ᇿෳ՗ᆉ. 18.

(29) Ӏૈӧ೏෌‫ނ‬ճҔ߻Ǵ२ӃѸ໪೏֎ԏǴӢԜሡाԖ֎Ӏ‫ޑ‬ ϩηୖᆶǴԜ֎ӀϩηᆀࣁՅન(pigment)ǶᆘՅ෌‫ޑނ‬ယТ֖Ԗ εໆ‫ޑ‬ӀӝՅન(photosynthetic pigments)Ǵхࡴယᆘન(chlorophyll, Chl)‫ک‬ᜪचᡀጱન(carotenoid, Car)ǴૈԖਏӦ֎ԏё‫ـ‬Ӏ‫ޑ‬೽ҽ‫ݢ‬ ࢤ຾ՉӀӝբҔǴஒӀૈᙯᡂࣁϯᏢૈа‫ٮ‬ճҔǶယᆘનЬा֎ ԏᙔӀϷआӀ຾ՉӀӝբҔаౢғૈໆǴ‫ܭ‬Ό⾸ྋᏊύǴChl a ‫ޑ‬ ‫ٿ‬ೀ֎ԏঢ়(peak)‫ޑ‬Տ࿼ϩձࢂ 430 nm ᆶ 660 nmǹԶ Chl b ‫ٿޑ‬ ೀ֎ԏঢ়߾ࣁ 435 Ϸ 643 nm (݅Ǵ1984)ǶChl a Ϸ Chl b ჹᙔӀϷ आӀ‫ڀࢤݢ‬ԖനଯϐӀӝԖਏ‫܄‬Ǵჹ 500ɴ600 nm ϐᆘӀ‫ޑڀ܌‬ ӀӝԖਏ‫߾܄‬നեǶҗ‫ܭ‬ယᆘનჹᙔӀϷआӀϐ֎ԏ੝‫܄‬Ǵϸᔈ ӧຎ᝺΢ջϕံࣁ‫ـ܌ॺך‬ϐᆘՅ෌‫ނ‬Ƕҗа΢ё‫ޕ‬ǴᆘՅ෌‫ނ‬ ယТӧё‫ـ‬Ӏ‫ޑࢤݢ‬ϸ৔Ӏ᛼Ьा‫ډڙ‬ယᆘન֎ԏϐቹៜǶ. ယᆘન֖ໆ‫ޑ‬ӭჲ‫ޔ‬ௗቹៜӀӝբҔૈΚ‫ޑ‬ଯեǴ‫֖ځ‬ໆϐ ᡂϯҭϸᔈр෌‫ނ‬ҁ‫ي‬ϐғ౛‫ݩރ‬Ƕ෌‫ނ‬ယТ‫ޑ‬ယᆘન֖ໆό໻ ӧόӕ‫ޑ‬ว‫ػ‬໘ࢤԖ‫܌‬ᡂϯǴӧԴϯ‫ޑ‬ၸำύҭ೴ᅌӦ෧ϿՅન ֖ໆԶ‫ׯ‬ᡂᚑՅǶပယ෌‫ނ‬ӧࣿϺယТԴϯၸำύǴ‫ځ‬ယТՅન ፦ໆౢғᡂϯǴယТᚑՅΨӢԶᙯᡂ(Hendry et al., 1987ǹMatile et al., 1989ǹMatile et al., 1992)Ƕ෌‫ނ‬ᎁ‫ڙ‬଍ნਔǴ᝽ӵవНǵଳ‫ײ‬ǵ. 19.

(30) ଯեྕǵନ૛Ꮚ‫ੰ܈‬ᙝ্ਔǴယТՅન֖ໆᆶᚑՅᡂϯᆶԾฅԴ ϯਔϐ௃‫࣬׎‬՟(Hendry et al., 1987)ǶӢԜǴယᆘન֖ໆёբࣁፏ ӵӀӝբҔૈΚǵғߏว‫ػ‬໘ࢤǵғౢΚϷ଍ნӒ্ϐғ౛ࡰ኱ (Whittaker and Marks, 1975; Danks et al., 1983)Ƕ. ယᆘન֖ໆϐෳ‫ۓ‬೯தࣁઇᚯ‫(܄‬destructive)‫ޑ‬ϩ‫݋‬Б‫ݤ‬Ǵа ԖᐒྋᏊ๧‫ڗ‬ယТՅનࡕӆаϩӀӀࡋीෳ‫֎ۓ‬ԏॶीᆉԶள (Arnon, 1969; Porra et al., 1989; Yang et al., 1998)ǶਔԿϞВǴߚઇ ᚯ‫܄‬ෳ‫ۓ‬ယТՅન֖ໆϐ‫ೌמ‬ςِೲว৖ύǴၨதҔϐБ‫ࣁݤ‬а ယТ‫܈‬෌߷ϸ৔Ӏ᛼ٰ՗ᆉՅન֖ໆ(Baret et al., 1987; Baret et al., 1992; Buschmann and Nagel, 1993; Chappelle et al., 1992; Curran et al, 1991; Gitelson and Merzlyak, 1994a, b; Thomas and Gausman, 1977)ǶԐය‫زࣴޑ‬ύǴЬाаယᆘનआӀம֎ԏ‫ ࢤݢ‬675 nm Ѱѓ ϐൂ΋ϸ৔౗ीᆉယᆘન֖ໆ(Benedetti and Swidler, 1961; Inada, 1964; Takano and Tsundo, 1970; Wallihan, 1973; Hardwick and Baker, 1973; Macnicol et al., 1976)Ƕ߈ٰϐࣴ‫߾ز‬аόӕ‫ࢤݢ‬ϸ৔౗ीᆉ ෌ғࡰኧࡕ՗ᆉယᆘન֖ໆǴ‫܌‬٬Ҕϐ‫ࢤݢ‬хࡴԖᆘӀǵआӀϷ ߈आѦӀ‫(ࢤݢ‬Buschmann and Nagel, 1993; Carter, 1993, 1994; Chappelle et al., 1992; Gitelson and Merzlyak, 1994a, b, 1996, 1997; Gitelson et al., 1996; Lichtenthaler et al., 1996; Thomas and Gausman, 1977) Ƕ ᙔ Ӏ ‫ ߾ ࢤ ݢ‬ၨ Ͽ Ҕ ‫ ܭ‬ी ᆉ ယ ᆘ ન ֖ ໆ Ǵ ࡰ ኧ NPCI 20.

(31) (normalized total pigment to chlorophyll a ratio index)ճҔआӀ‫ࢤݢ‬ ϷᙔӀ‫ࢤݢ‬ϸ৔౗Ǵ‫ځ‬ीᆉϦԄࣁ NCPI = (R680-R430)/(R680+R430) (PeĖuelas et al., 1993, 1997)Ƕќ Gierloff-Emden (1989)‫زࣴޑ‬ύа ယᆘનᙔӀம֎ԏ‫ ࢤݢ‬440 nm ϷᆘӀե֎ԏ‫ ࢤݢ‬550 nm ϐϸ৔ ౗Кॶ R400/R550 ीᆉယᆘન֖ໆǶ. Ҕٰ՗ᆉယᆘન֖ໆϐ෌ғࡰኧЬाаआӀϷ߈आѦӀ‫ࢤݢ‬ ीᆉԶளǶယᆘનՏ‫ܭ‬आӀϐ֎ԏঢ়‫ࢤݢ‬ऊӧ 675 nmǴԜ΋‫ࢤݢ‬ ϐϸ৔౗ҭதҔ‫ܭ‬ीᆉ෌ғࡰኧ՗ᆉယᆘન֖ໆ(Chappelle et al., 1992; Thomas and Gausman, 1977)ǶGitelson and Merzlyak (1994a, 1996)а‫ٿ‬ᅿပယᐋོᐋᆶਪᐋ‫زࣴޑ‬ύǴࡰр 675 nm ߕ߈‫ࢤݢ‬ϸ ৔౗(R675)‫܌‬ीᆉϐ෌ғࡰኧό፾Ҕ‫ܭ‬՗ᆉଯᐚࡋϐယᆘન֖ໆǴ а R700 ‫ڗ‬ж R675 ीᆉϐ SRVI Ϸ NDVI ᆶယᆘન֖ໆ໔߾‫ڀ‬Ԗଯࡋ ࣬ᜢǶќѦӧ೚ӭࣴ‫ز‬ύᡉҢǴаᆘӀ‫ࢤݢ‬ीᆉϐ෌ғࡰኧҭё ଺ࣁယᆘન֖ໆ‫ࡰޑ‬኱(Buschmann and Nagel, 1993; Carter, 1993, 1994; Gitelson and Merzlyak, 1994a, 1996, 1997; Gitelson et al., 1996)Ƕа log(R800/R550)ीᆉϐ෌ғࡰኧё଺ࣁ๼‫ل‬ယТൂՏယय़ ᑈယᆘન֖ໆϐࡰ኱Ǵќ R800/R550 Кॶჹ Chl a ֖ໆҭ‫ڀ‬Ԗଯ࣬ᜢ ‫(܄‬R2 > 0.88) (Buschmann and Nagel, 1993)Ƕаӭᅿค࣬ᜢᖄϐ෌ ‫׷ࣁނ‬਑‫زࣴޑ‬ᡉҢǴR750/R550 ᆶယᆘન֖ໆ‫ڀ‬Ԗଯࡋ‫ޔޑ‬ጕ࣬ 21.

(32) ᜢǴԶ NDVIgreen ߾ᆶယᆘન֖ໆ‫ڀ‬Ԗଯࡋ‫ࡰޑ‬ኧԔጕ࣬ᜢ(Gitelson and Merzlyak, 1997)Ƕ. ѤǵSPAD ᔈҔ౜‫ݩ‬ SPAD-502 ࢂҗ Konica-Minolta Ϧљғౢ‫ޑ‬΋ීճҔ‫ٿ‬੝‫ݢۓ‬ ߏ(650nm ‫ ک‬940nm)ϐӀጕऀ೸ယТаीᆉ‫ځ‬೸Ӏ߯ኧ٠ᙯඤԋ ယТယᆘન֖ໆ‫࣬ޑ‬ჹॶϐ෌‫ނ‬ғ౛‫ז‬ೲᔠᡍሺᏔǴёᙖа‫ܭ‬Җ ໔‫ז‬ೲෳ‫ۓ‬٠Αှ෌‫ޑނ‬ේሡ‫؃‬௃‫ݩ‬аϷβᝆ֖ේໆ‫ޑ‬ӭჲǶ ନΑ‫ޔ‬ௗ‫ޑ‬ෳ‫ۓ‬ယᆘન֖ໆϐѦǴSPAD ೏ቶ‫ݱ‬ᔈҔ‫ܭ‬ᢀෳ ෌‫ނ‬ӧ΋٤੝‫ۓ‬௃‫ݩ‬Π‫ޑ‬෌‫ނ‬ғ౛ϸᔈǴቅ฻(2007)ճҔ SPAD ϐ Ӏ᛼ٰႣෳқ๼ယТύᎁ‫ڙ‬ልԡࢉ‫ޑ‬ำࡋǹ‫׵‬฻(2008)а SPAD ෳ ‫ۓ‬Ԗᐒ‫ޥ‬Ϸคᐒ‫ޥ‬ჹλഝғߏϷࠔ፦ǵౢໆ‫ޑ‬ቹៜǹ Wu et al.(2007)߾่ӝฮለਥ֖ໆǵSPAD аϷፁࢃྣТჹଭႍᖘ຾Չό ӕ఼ᇂቫԛ‫ޑ‬ේ‫ޥ‬ᆅ౛၂ᡍǹ⃥฻(2007)߾ճҔ SPAD ᔠෳᇺ෍ӧ ১ӀᕉნΠғ౛фૈ‫ޑ‬ᡂϯ௃‫׎‬ǹPaulo and Charles (2006)߾టᙖ ๱ SPAD ‫ک‬෌‫ނ‬Ѧᢀ੝ቻӧพन΢຾Չේ‫ޥ‬ᆅ౛‫ޑ‬௛ࡼǹNetto et al. (2005)߾а SPAD ‫ޑ‬ෳ‫ॶۓ‬ᆶ‫ڜ‬ଢ଼ύ‫ޑ‬ӀӝՅન຾Չ࣬ᜢ߯ኧ ϩ‫݋‬ǴӵԜВࡕջё‫ޔ‬ௗӧҖ໔ள‫ ډ‬SPAD ᠐ॶࡕǴ‫ޔ‬ௗ௢ෳӀ ӝբҔ࣬ᜢՅન‫֖ޑ‬ໆǶ. 22.

(33) җа΢ёว౜ǴSPAD ‫ޑ‬ᔈҔЬा๱౳‫ځܭ‬ёឫ‫܄‬аϷ‫ז‬ೲ ள‫ޑ่݀ډ‬੝‫܄‬ǴӧϞВ‫ޑ‬Җ໔၂ᡍ྽ύϝࢂΜϩத‫ޑـ‬ϩ‫݋‬ሺ ᏔǴᙖҗࡌҥ‫ځ‬᠐ॶᆶటᢀෳϐ෌‫ނ‬੝‫଺܄‬ᜢᖄ‫ޑ܄‬ϩ‫݋‬Ǵё٬ SPAD ‫ޑ‬ኧᏵཀက຾΋‫؁‬ᘉ৖‫ځډ‬д‫ޑ‬෌‫ނ‬ғ౛࣬ᜢࡰ኱΢Ƕ. 23.

(34) ಃΟകǵ‫׷‬਑ᆶБ‫ݤ‬ ಃ΋࿯ǵ ಃ΋࿯ǵ၂ᡍӦᗺ ၂ᡍӦᗺՏ‫ܭ‬भਪᑜ೯᎚Ӧ୔࿶ᆵ᡼࣪Ԗᐒၭ཰ғౢ‫཮ڐ‬ᇡ᛾ ೯ၸϐԖᐒၭ൑ȐE120o 43’, N24o 27’ȑǴՏ‫ܭ‬भ 121 ᑜၰǴࠄ༈ྛ‫ٿ‬ ᜐϐ‫كݞ‬ӦǴӦ‫׎‬ӭЫഊ጗‫ڵ‬Ǵ਻ংᛙ‫ۓ‬ϿߘǴឦ኱ྗѠ᡼ύՋ೽‫ޑ‬ Ϻ਻ࠠᄊǴᎃ߈‫كݞ‬Ӧ୔΢Πෞࣣคπቷ೛ࡼǴՐৎΓαҭีϿǴࣁ ൳คԦࢉϐϺฅᕉნǴࢂ΋౛གྷϐԖᐒၭ཰௢ՉᕉნǶ ၂ᡍਔ໔ࣁ 2009 ԃ 10 ДԿ 12 ДǴ຾Չ‫ץٿ‬ԛϐጫ๼ਭ୻Ǵਥ Ᏽ਻ຝֽၗ਑ȐӢभਪӦ୔คෳઠǴ‫ڗ‬ᎃ߈Ѡύ఑෈ϐኧॶ଺ࣁୖ Եȑ Ǵ྽ӦӦ୔ 2009 ԃ 10 ДԿ 12 Дϐ਻ྕࣁ 25.0 oCǵ21.6oCǵ17.1 oCǴ फ़ߘໆࣁ 8.3mmǵ31.6mmǵ16.6mmǴВྣਔኧࣁ 217.7 hrǵ169.4 hrǵ 155.4hrǶ ၭ൑ྕ࠻ЬाаΜӷ޸ࣽᜪယ๼ᜪǵλ໳ҐǵधҐǵ‫ޜ‬Ј๼ǵ ࣤ৐๼ǵพन฻բ‫ނ‬຾Չ፺բǴ࠻ѦҖ୔߾аҏԯǵࠄҐǵํҐǵन ηǵ่ᓐ๼ǵ޸ྲྀ๼ǵ޷๼ǵ‫ݢ‬๼ǵआስ๼ǵ˽๼ǵଯ᜽๼ǵхЈқ ๼ǵҒᛱယǵጳǵᇁǵ‫ࣽل‬Ϸသथᜪጫ๼฻ࣁ፺բ‫ނ‬ᅿǶ. ಃΒ࿯ǵ ၂ᡍ‫׷‬਑ᆶ຾Չ‫؁‬ᡯ! ! ಃΒ࿯ǵ၂ᡍ‫׷‬਑ᆶ຾Չ‫؁‬ᡯ ΋ǵԖᐒਭ୻ԃයჹβᝆ‫܄‬፦ϐቹៜ၂ᡍ! 24.

(35) ‫ܭ‬ၭ൑྽ύᒧ᏷຾ՉԖᐒਭ୻ᆅ౛ϩձςၲ 1 ԃǵ3 ԃǵ5 ԃ Ϸ 7 ԃ‫࠻ྕޑ‬ȐӅ 35 ෂȑаϷ࠻Ѧ៛ϺҖ୔ȐӅ 24 ୔༧ȑ຾Չ βᝆ௦ኬǴа኱ྗβᝆ‫ڗ‬ኬᏔǴ௦Βᆢ‫ޜ‬໔௦ኬБԄᒿᐒ‫ڗ‬ኬ 4 ᗺǴషӝ֡ϬǴ௦Ծฅ഍ଳ٠ኩਔߥӸ‫ ܭ‬4oC Ӈጃаᗉխεໆಥ ේǴϩ‫߻݋‬аࣴಙᓸ࿗ࡕа 20 mesh(Ͼ৩ 0.84mm)ϐβᝆၸᑔᏔ຾ ՉၸᑔǴଌभਪ୔ၭ཰‫ؼׯ‬൑຾Չβᝆ‫܄‬፦ϩ‫݋‬Ǵϩ‫݋‬໨Ҟх֖ ለᡵࡋǵႝᏤࡋǵԖᐒ፦֖ໆǵԖਏᕗǵҬඤ‫܄‬ႇǵҬඤ‫܄‬ᗔǵ Ҭඤ‫້܄‬ǵ៓ǵᒰǵልǵᎋаϷኧᅿख़ߎឦϡન֖ໆǶ! ! Βǵʳ. Ԗᐒਭ୻ԃයჹբ‫ނ‬ғ‫ػ‬ϐቹៜ၂ᡍ. (΋) ୖ၂ࠔᅿǺߙԢ๼ȐBrassica chinensis Linn.ȑ ǵλ݊๼ȐBrassica rapa var. perviridisȑ ǵаϷೆвқ๼ȐBrassica campestris L. ssp.ȑ฻ΟᅿΜӷ޸ࣽጫ๼Ƕ٠Ӄ‫ػܭ‬भྕ࠻ኞᅿ୻‫ػ‬ѴभǴ ऊ 2 Կ 3 ຼࡕё౽෌Ƕ (Β) ၂ᡍ೛ीǺୖ၂ೀ౛ϩԋ 3 ᅿጫ๼ᆶ 4 ᅿԖᐒਭ୻ԃයϐҖ ୔Ȑᒧ‫ڗ‬Ԗᐒᏹբԃයϩձςၲ 1ǵ3ǵ5 Ϸ 7 ԃϐྕ࠻Ǵа ϷԖᐒᏹբԃයၲ 7 ԃϐ࠻ѦҖ୔ȑ Ǵी 12 ᅿೀ౛Ǵ௦ֹӄ ೹ᐒ೛ीǴ3 ख़ፄǴ‫؂‬ख़ፄ၂୔य़ᑈ 1.5m×1.5mǴՉਲ਼ຯߙԢ. 25.

(36) ๼‫ک‬λ݊๼ࣁ 21Ø31 ϦϩǴೆвқ๼ࣁ 26Ø36 ϦϩǶ (Ο) ਭ୻ᆅ౛ǺߙԢ๼ǵλ݊๼аϷೆвқ๼Ӄ‫ػܭ‬भྕ࠻ኞᅿ ୻‫ػ‬ѴभǴऊ 2 Կ 3 ຼࡕё౽෌Ƕ‫ޥ‬਑ࡼҔ௦ҔԖᐒ‫ޥ‬਑Ȑ੝ ભ‫ޥ‬ЦԖᐒ‫ޥ‬਑Ǵදγ੝ғ‫מࣽނ‬Ԗज़Ϧљᇙ೷ǴԖᐒ፦֖ ໆ 55ʘǵN-P2O5-K2O ࣁ 4-2.3-2ǴȑǴྕ࠻ࡼҔໆࣁ 2 ϦᏒ/ ϦഘǴ࠻ѦҖ୔ࣁ 4 ϦᏒ/Ϧഘ(Ӣྕ࠻፺բᓎ౗ၨ࠻ѦᓎᕷǴ ࡺаࡌ᝼Ҕໆ෧ъࡼҔ)Ǵ෌߻྽୷‫ࡼޥ‬ҔǴόќՉଓ‫ޥ‬Ƕ ࠻ѦҖ୔ќѦ཮а࿶ᆭዕϐ⏯ᜪ୻ᎦቲхϐЕ৕຾Չᙟ ᇂаٛᚇ૛Ƕ౽෌ϐࡕǴ‫ۓڰຼ؂‬຾Չ΋ԛԖᐒᆕӝٛ‫ݯ‬ᆅ ౛Ƕ (Ѥ) ፓࢗᆶϩ‫݋‬Ǻ౽෌ࡕ‫؂‬႖ 5 ϺǴᒧߏ᏾ሸ෌ਲ਼ 6 ਲ਼ǴҔ‫܄ݨ‬ ฽୮ᗺယសǴෳໆਲ਼ଯϷ SPAD ॶǴ٠ᅱෳβᝆ pH ॶᆶ EC ॶǶ౽෌ࡕ 21 ϺǴ௦ԏᆀᗲख़Ǵ٠‫ڗ‬ኬ຾ՉϡનǵӀӝՅનǵ Ԗᐒᅹǵϸ৔Ӏ᛼฻ϩ‫݋‬Ƕᅿ෌߻ᆶԏᛘࡕǴϩձ௦໣βᝆ ኬࠔ຾ՉᔠᡍǶ. ಃΟ࿯ǵ ಃΟ࿯ǵ၂ᡍ࣬ᜢፓࢗϩ‫ݤ݋‬Ǻ ၂ᡍ࣬ᜢፓࢗϩ‫ݤ݋‬Ǻ ΋ǵਲ਼ଯǺ ‫ܭ‬Ѵभ౽෌ԿҖ໔ࡕ‫؂‬႖ϖВ຾Չ΋ԛෳໆǴ‫؂‬ԛෳໆ. 26.

(37) ᒿᐒᒧ‫ڗ‬ӚҖ୔բ‫ނ‬ӚϤਲ਼຾ՉෳໆǶෳໆ୷ྗࣁԾβ߄ଆ Կ෌ਲ਼ന΢ՏယഗᆄࣁЗǶ Βǵယᆘન֖ໆ(SPAD)Ǻ а Konica Minolta Ϧљᇙ೷ϐ SPAD-520Ǵ‫ڗ‬෌ਲ਼ന΢Տ ֹӄ৖໒ယϐ҃ᆄΟϩϐ΋೽ϩෳໆǴ‫ܭ‬Ѵभ౽෌ԿҖ໔ࡕ ‫؂‬႖ϖВ຾Չ΋ԛෳໆǴ‫؂‬ԛෳໆᒿᐒᒧ‫ڗ‬ӚҖ୔բ‫ނ‬ӚϤ ਲ਼຾ՉෳໆǶ ΟǵယសǺ ‫ܭ‬Ѵभ౽෌ԿҖ໔ࡕ‫؂‬႖ϖВ຾Չ΋ԛෳໆǴ‫؂‬ԛෳໆ ᒿᐒᒧ‫ڗ‬ӚҖ୔բ‫ނ‬ӚѤਲ਼຾ՉෳໆǴаֹӄ৖໒ယբࣁी ኧϐ୷ྗǶ Ѥǵβᝆ‫ڗ‬ኬǺ Ӛ၂୔‫ܭ‬෌߻Ϸ௦ԏࡕǴа኱ྗβᝆ‫ڗ‬ኬᏔ‫ܭ‬ᒿᐒѤঁ Տ࿼‫ڗ‬ኬǴషӝ֡Ϭࡕ഍ଳ٠ኩਔߥӸ‫ ܭ‬4oC Ӈጃаᗉխε ໆಥේǴϩ‫߻݋‬аࣴಙᓸ࿗ࡕа 20 mesh(Ͼ৩ 0.84mm)ϐβᝆ ၸᑔᏔ຾Չၸᑔೀ౛Ƕ ϖǵယТϸ৔Ӏ᛼ϩ‫݋‬Ǻ ୊‫ڗ‬෌ਲ਼৖໒ယ΢ъ೽ǴယТϸ৔Ӏ᛼аଛഢᑈϩౚ (integrating. sphere) ঺ ҹ ϐ. 27. Hitachi. U-3010. Ӏ ᛼ ሺ.

(38) (spectrophotometer)຾Չෳ‫ۓ‬ǶӀ᛼௟ඔೲ౗ࣁ 600 nm/minǴ ‫ࢤݢ‬ጄൎԾ 200 Կ 900 nmǴӀ᛼ှ‫݋‬Κࣁ 1 nmǶෳ‫ۓ‬ਔа౷ ለ᎕қ݈ࣁୖԵჹКǶယТෳ‫ۓ‬ϸ৔Ӏ᛼ਔаယે໔ϐ୔ୱ ࣁЬǴϸ৔౗ࣁယТϸ৔ᒟ৔ॶჹୖԵқ݈ϸ৔ᒟ৔ॶϐК ॶǶ ND705 ࣁ ճ Ҕ R705 Ϸ R750 ी ᆉ Ǵ ी ᆉ Б Ԅ ࣁ ND705=(R750-R705)/(R750+R705)ǹ NDbroad ࣁኳᔕ SPOT ፁࢃ‫ݢ‬ ࢤǴճҔቨ‫ࢤݢ‬ीᆉϐ NDVIǴ‫ځ‬ύ Red ࣁ 610-680 nmǴNIR ࣁ 790-890 nm (Hsu et al. 2003b)Ƕ. ϤǵယᆘનғԋϷ஝ှౢ‫ޑނ‬ෳ‫ۓ‬Ǻ ਥᏵ Yang ฻(1998)‫ࡌ܌‬ҥϐБ‫ݤ‬຾Չෳ‫ۓ‬Ǵ‫؁ځ‬ᡯᙁॊӵ ΠǺ (΋) ယᆘન(Chl)Ϸᜪचᡀጱન(Car)‫ޑ‬ෳ‫ۓ‬ ෌‫ނ‬ኬࠔаనᄊේ࡚ೲհএǴ٠аࣴಙᑃԋಒણࡕ຾Չհ এଳᔿǶฅࡕગ‫ ڗ‬0.01 g ኬࠔಒણǴа 80%Ч✉(acetone)๧‫ڗ‬ ՅનǴӧ 4,500 rpm ᚆЈ 5 ϩដǴ‫ڗ‬΢మనǴа Hitachi U-2000 ϩӀӀࡋी(spectrophotometer)ෳ‫ ۓ‬A663.6ǵA646.6ǵA440.5 ‫֎ޑ‬ԏ ॶǶΟ‫ޣ‬ϩձࣁ Chl aǵChl b Ϸ Car ‫ޑ‬ம֎ԏೀǶа Porra ฻(1989). 28.

(39) ‫ޑ‬ϦԄीᆉ Chl a ᆶ Chl b ‫֖ޑ‬ໆǹа Holm (1954)‫ޑ‬Б‫ݤ‬ीᆉ Car ‫֖ޑ‬ໆǶ (Β) όӕཱུ‫܄‬஝ှ‫ޑނ‬ϩᚆ аӕᡏᑈ҅ρ₧(n-hexane)ᆶ߻ॊЧ✉๧‫ڗ‬నషӝǴа᎜ᕏ Ꮤᐟਗ਼షӝࡕᓉ࿼Ǵ‫ܴډޔ‬ᡉϩቫǶԜਔ΢ቫࣁཱུ‫܄‬ၨ১‫҅ޑ‬ ρ₧ቫǴΠቫࣁཱུ‫܄‬ၨம‫ޑ‬Ч✉ቫǴϩձ֖όӕཱུ‫ޑ܄‬ӚᜪՅ નǶ (Ο) ֖෌ᎇ‫✊܈‬ϯՅન(phytylated or esterified pigments)‫ޑ‬ෳ‫ۓ‬ ‫܌ࢤ߻ڗ‬ೀ౛ၸำϐ҅ρ₧΢ቫనෳ A661 ‫֎ޑ‬ԏॶǴԜࣁ ֖෌ᎇՅન‫ޑ‬ᆕӝ֎ԏॶ(Shioi and Sasa, 1986)Ƕа֎ԏॶ‫ޔ‬ௗ КၨǶ ( Ѥ ) ಥ ෌ ᎇ ‫ ܈‬҂ ✊ ϯ Յ ન (dephytylated or nonesterified pigments)‫ޑ‬ෳ‫ۓ‬ ‫߻ڗ‬ॊ‫܌‬ೀ౛ၸำϐΠቫనЧ✉ቫෳ A666 ‫֎ޑ‬ԏॶǴԜջ ࣁಥ෌ᎇՅનϐ֎ԏॶ(Shioi and Sasa, 1986)Ƕа֎ԏॶ‫ޔ‬ௗК ၨǶ (ϖ) PPIXǵMGPP Ϸ Pchlide ‫ޑ‬ෳ‫ۓ‬ Ч✉ቫ‫ ޑ‬A575ǵA590ǵA628 ϐ֎ԏॶϩձࢂ PPIXǵMGPP Ϸ Pchlide ‫֎ޑ‬ԏॶǴа Kahn ฻(1976)ϐϦԄीᆉ‫ځ‬ᐚࡋǶ. 29.

(40) (Ϥ) Chlide a Ϸ Chlide b ‫ޑ‬ෳ‫ۓ‬ Ч✉ቫ‫ ޑ‬A667 Ϸ A650 ϩձࢂςಥ෌ᎇ‫ ޑ‬Chlide a Ϸ Chlide b ϐ֎ԏॶǴ‫ځ‬ीᆉϦԄࢂਥᏵෳ‫ ۓ‬chlorophyllase ࢲ‫ޑ܄‬Б‫ݤ‬ (McFeeters et al., 1971)Ƕ၀Б‫ݤ‬аෳ‫ۓ‬ғԋ‫ ނ‬Chlide a Ϸ Chlide b ‫֎ޑ‬ԏॶࡕճҔ Beer-Lamba ϦԄඤᆉр‫ٿ‬ғԋ‫ޑނ‬ವԸᐚ ࡋǶ (Ύ) MP Car ‫ޑ‬ෳ‫ۓ‬ Ч✉ቫ‫ ޑ‬A440.5 ࢂ࣬ჹཱུ‫܄‬ၨε‫ޑ‬ᜪचᡀጱન(MP Car)ϐ ֎ԏॶǴӆճҔ Holm (1954)Ϸ Porra (1989)฻‫ޑ‬Б‫ݤ‬ीᆉ MP Car ‫֖ޑ‬ໆǶ (Ζ) LP Car ‫ޑ‬ෳ‫ۓ‬ ஒ҅ρ₧ቫనᡏаේ਻֌ଳࡕǴа 80%Ч✉кϩྋှ٠у 25ȝL ‫ ޑ‬12.5% HCl ઇᚯ Chl ࡕǴෳ‫ ۓ‬A665.4ǵA653.4 Ϸ A470 ‫֎ޑ‬ ԏॶǶA665.4ǵA653.4 ϩձࢂ҂ಥ෌ᎇ‫ ޑ‬Phe a Ϸ Phe b ‫֎ޑ‬ԏॶǴ ҭճҔϦԄඤᆉр‫ޑނٿ‬ವԸᐚࡋǶA470 ࢂ࣬ჹཱུ‫܄‬ၨλ‫ޑ‬ᜪ चᡀጱન(LP Car)ϐ֎ԏॶ(Lichtenthaler, 1987)Ƕ. ΎǵԖᐒᅹෳ‫ۓ‬Ǻ ௦ Ҕ Walkley-Black ᔸ ਼ ϯ ‫( ݤ‬Nelson and Sommers,. 30.

(41) 1982)Ƕෳ‫؁ۓ‬ᡯӵΠǺ ગ‫ ڗ‬1–0.5 g βᝆኬࠔ‫ ܭ‬500 mL ᒷࠠ౟ύǴќሡ‫ޜ‬қ၂ ᡍǴуΕ 10 mL 1N ϐख़ሐለႇྋనࡕའϬǶᒿջِೲуΕ 20 mL ᐚ౷ለǴᓉ࿼ 30 ϩដǶௗ๱ӆуΕ 200 mL ᇃᚖНᆶ 10 mL 85%ᕗለǴ‫ܫ‬հࡕᅀуऊ 30 ᅀΒशữࡰҢᏊǴа 0.5N ٥៓ྋ నᅀ‫ۓ‬Ƕ‫ځ‬ᚑՅᡂϯҗསፃՅ೴ᅌᙯࣁᙔՅӆᙯࣁᆘՅǴ྽ և౜ᆘՅਔջၲ‫ډ‬ᅀ‫ۓ‬ಖᗺǶीᆉϦԄӵΠǺ 12 1.724 1000 § S· SOC( g ⋅ kg −1 ) = 10 × ¨1 − ¸ × 1.0 × × × 4000 0.77 sw( g ) © B¹. SOC ࣁβᝆԖᐒᅹ֖ໆǴൂՏࣁ g kg-1 ‫܈‬%(w/w)ǹS ࣁኬࠔϐ ٥៓ྋనᅀ‫ۓ‬ໆ(mL)ǹB ࣁ‫ޜ‬қ၂ᡍϐ٥៓ྋనᅀ‫ۓ‬ໆ(mL)ǹ sw ࣁગ‫ڗ‬ϐβᝆኬࠔख़ǹ1.0 ࣁख़ሐለႇྋనᐚࡋ(N)ǹ1.724 ࣁԖᐒᅹϐᙯඤ߯ኧ(Van Bemmelen factor)ǹ0.77 ࣁҁ‫ݤ‬ϐӣ ԏ౗Ƕ Ζǵᕴේໆෳ‫ۓ‬ ௦ Kjeldahl ‫ ܭ‬1883 ԃวܴϐഩМ‫ۓ‬ේ‫ݤ‬ෳ‫ۓ‬෌ਲ਼ύ‫֖܌‬ ϐᕴේໆǶ෌ਲ਼ယТ࿶ၸనᄊේೀ౛٠ᑃ࿗ࡕǴаհএଳᔿ ᐒଳᔿֹԋϐࡕǴગ‫ ڗ‬0.2 լણ҃Ǵ࿼‫ ܭ‬Kjeldahl ‫ۓ‬ේᆅύǴ уΕᆶኬࠔ฻ໆϐ K2SO4:CuSO4 షӝ‫(ނ‬10:1)(բࣁշᐯᏊ)а 31.

(42) Ϸ 3 mL ᐚ౷ለǴ‫ܫ‬Εଯྕу዗᝗ϒаϩှ(ֹӄϩှਔనᡏ ཮և౜೸ܴคՅ‫)ރ‬ǶࡑϩှనհࠅϐࡕуΕ 10 mL ᇃᚖНǴ ॹΕ Kjeldahl ᇃᚖᏔύǴуΕ 8 mL ϐ 10N NaOH ྋనǴ٬ϸ ᔈวғǶуΕ NaOH ߻ǴႣӃྗഢ΋ 50 mL ᒷ‫׎‬౟ǴуΕ 10 mL 4 ʘ ࿝ ለ (H3BO3) Ǵ Ϸ ‫ ٿ‬ᅀ ష ӝ ࡰ Ң Ꮚ (methyl red ‫ک‬ bromcresol green)Ǵ࿼‫ܭ‬ᇃᚖᏔհᏉᆅΠБǴ٠ዴ‫ۓ‬ᆅα੆‫ܭ‬ ࿝ለన྽ύǶѺ໒ᇃᚖᏔ೯ၰ٬ᇃ਻຾ΕհࠅᏔǴԏ໣ᇃᚖ న‫ܭ‬Ο‫ف‬౟ύǴԾ࿝ለనᡂՅࡕӆᇃᚖ 3 ϩᗛǴ‫ڗ‬рΟ‫ف‬౟ а 0.05N HCl ᅀ‫ۓ‬Ǵइᒵᅀ‫ۓ‬ໆǶේન֖ໆ‫ޑ‬ीᆉϦԄӵΠ (Glowa, 1974ǹ ݅, 2000)Ǻ ӄේ֖ໆ(mg/g dry wt.)ɨ[(ኬࠔಔɡ‫ޜ‬қಔ)ᅀ‫ۓ‬ໆ(mL*Ø 1/16Ø25^!0!ኬࠔख़)h*. ΐǵβᝆᆶ෌ᡏߎឦϡનϩ‫(݋‬Walsh, 1955)Ǻ ኬࠔ߻ೀ౛௦ᔸԄԪϯ‫ݤ‬Ƕ ગ‫֡ڗ‬፦ࡕϐ෌ᡏણ҃ϷၸᑔࡕϐβᝆኬࠔӚ 1.2 g ‫ܭ‬ 100 mL ϩှᐨ݆ύǴуΕ 15 mL ᐚฮለࡕǴ Ǵ࿼ႝპ݈ύǴྕ ‫ޑک‬ฆ‫ ݦ‬30-45 ϩដǴ٬਼ܰϯϐ‫ނ‬፦ӄ೽਼ϯǶั༾հࠅ ࡕǴуΕ 10 mL 70-72% ၸෛለ (HClO4) ᇸ༾ฆ‫ݦ‬Ǵฆ‫ݦ‬Կ. 32.

(43) ྋనևคՅ‫܈‬ௗ߈คՅЪԖᐚஏқྟౢғǶࡑั༾հࠅࡕǴ уΕ 10 mL Нฆ‫ݦ‬а០‫و‬ഭᎩϐΒ਼ϯේྟᜦǶ຾΋‫؁‬հࠅ ࡕǴаᘠરၸᘠ௞ᚇ፦(ሡ‫ݙ‬ཀၸำύᘠરࢂցԖઇ)ǴӆуН ‫ۓ‬ໆԿ 100 mLǶ ϐࡕ٩К‫ ଺ٯ‬50 ७ǵ150 ७ǵϷ 300 ७‫سޑ‬ӈีញǴᒧ ‫ڗ‬Ӛϡન፾ӝϐีញК‫ٯ‬բࣁϩ‫݋‬ኬࠔǴϡનϩ‫݋‬٬ҔሺᏔ ࣁ Hitachi Z-2300 ࠠচη֎ԏӀ᛼ሺǶள‫ډ‬ϐኧᏵӆ٩ྣีញ ७ኧඤᆉள‫ډ‬চ‫ۈ‬ኬࠔϐ֖ໆǶ. (ຏ1ǺҁБ‫ݤ‬໻ૈள‫ܭډ‬மለ੃ϯ๧‫ڗ‬ྋр‫ޑ‬ख़ߎឦǴค‫੃ݤ‬ ϯֹӄϐߎឦ਼ϯ‫ނ‬Ƕ) (ຏ2ǺаICP኱ྗྋనǴᆒዴໆ‫ڗ‬1000 mg/L኱ྗࠔ1 mLǴа0.05 Nฮለྋన‫ۓ‬৒Կ100 mLǴբࣁ኱ྗচనǶ٬Ҕਔӆа0.05N ฮለྋనีញԋ‫܌‬ሡᐚࡋϐ኱ྗྋనǶ). Μǵྣࡋෳ‫ۓ‬Ǻ ᅿ෌ය໔Ǵᒧ᏷΋྽Ϻනਟค໦ϐВǴӧ҅ϱਔ໔(ᗉխ ΢Πϱਔ໔໚Ӏྣ৔‫ࡋف‬ϐቹៜ)а Lutron, LX-102 Light Meter ෳໆӚෂྕ࠻ϣаϷ࠻ѦϐӀྣࡋǴൂՏ LUXǶ. 33.

(44) Μ΋ǵ๋Ѧጕෳ‫ۓ‬Ǻ ᅿ෌ය໔Ǵᒧ᏷΋྽Ϻනਟค໦ϐВǴӧ҅ϱਔ໔(аᗉ խ΢Πϱਔ໔໚Ӏྣ৔‫ࡋف‬ϐቹៜ)ෳໆӚෂྕ࠻ϣаϷ࠻Ѧ ϐ๋ѦጕமࡋǴа Spectroline, DRC-100X Digital Radiometer ෳໆ๋ѦጕமࡋǴ๋Ѧጕ‫ߏݢ‬ϩձࣁǺ450ǵ205ǵ300ǵ254 Ϸ 205 nmǴൂՏ ȝW/cm2Ƕ. ΜΒǵβᝆ pH ॶǺ Ծ๼भ౽෌ԿҖ໔ࡕ‫؂‬႖ΎВ(֖౽෌྽В)‫؂ܭ‬΋၂ ᡍ୔ୱ຾Չ΋ԛβᝆ௦ኬǴ‫ڗ‬Ѥঁ௦ኬᗺ٠షӝ֡ϬǴᆶ฻ ᡏᑈϐᇃᚖН֡Ϭషӝࡕа Spectrum, IQ150 pH meter ෳໆ βᝆለᡵࡋǶ. ΜΟǵβᝆ EC ॶǺ Ծ๼भ౽෌ԿҖ໔ࡕ‫؂‬႖ΎВ(֖౽෌྽В)‫؂ܭ‬΋၂ᡍ ୔ୱ຾Չ΋ԛβᝆ௦ኬǴ‫ڗ‬Ѥঁ௦ኬᗺ٠షӝ֡ϬǴᆶ฻ᡏ ᑈϐᇃᚖН֡ϬషӝࡕǴа Spectrum, Field Scout Soil EC meter ෳໆ‫ځ‬βᝆႝᏤࡋǴൂՏ dS/mǶ. 34.

(45) ಃѤ࿯ǵ ಃѤ࿯ǵ಍ीϩ‫݋‬ ᙖҗ಍ी೬ᡏ SAS 9.1 ำԄ଺಍ीϩ‫( ݋‬SAS Institute)ǴᡂБ ϩ‫݋‬а GLM ำ‫ׇ‬բᡉ๱‫܄‬ෳᡍǹа Duncan ཥӭᡂୱෳᡍ‫଺ݤ‬Ӛ Ӣηϣϐ֡ॶৡ౦Кၨǹᡂኧ໔ϐ࣬ᜢ߯ኧа CORR ำ‫ׇ‬຾Չᡉ ๱‫܄‬ෳᡍǶ. 35.

(46) ಃѤകǵ่݀ᆶ૸ፕ ಃ΋࿯ǵԖᐒહբჹβᝆ౛ϯ‫܄‬፦ϐቹៜ ಃ΋࿯ Ԗᐒહբჹβᝆ౛ϯ‫܄‬፦ϐቹៜ ਥᏵभਪ‫ؼׯ‬൑‫ޑ‬βᝆᔠᡍൔ֋Ǵ٩Ԗᐒਭ୻ԃයϩᜪள‫ډ‬ (߄ 1-1)Ϸ(߄ 1-2)ϐ่݀ǴᡉҢόፕྕ࠻ϣ‫܈‬ЊѦҖ୔Ǵβᝆӧ࿶ ၸߏය‫ޑ‬ԖᐒહբϐࡕǴ‫ځ‬ለᡵࡋԖ΢ϲ‫ޑ‬ᖿ༈ǹԖᐒ፦ǵԖਏ ‫܄‬ᕗǵҬඤ‫܄‬ႇǵҬඤ‫܄‬ᗔǵҬඤ‫້ࣣ܄‬ᒿԖᐒਭ୻ԃҽ೴ᅌቚ уǹ៓‫ޑ‬ቚ෧߾٠όܴᡉǶ༾ໆߎឦϡનᒰǵᎋǵᙿǵᙻǵሐࣣ ԖᒿԖᐒਭ୻ԃයቚуԶಕᑈ‫ޑ‬ᖿ༈ǹል֖ໆᒿԖᐒਭ୻ԃය೴ ᅌΠफ़ǹႉ‫ޑ‬ᡂϯ߾όܴᡉǶӧྕ࠻ϣѦҖ୔‫ޑ‬ৡ౦΢Ǵྕ࠻ϣ βᝆ‫ޑ‬ႝᏤࡋϷԖᐒ፦ࣣଯ‫࠻ܭ‬ѦҖ୔ǹϡન֖ໆ‫ޑ‬೽ϩǴԖਏ ‫܄‬ᕗǵҬඤ‫້܄‬ǵҬඤ‫܄‬ᗔǵᎋ‫֖ޑ‬ໆӧྕ࠻ϣࣣଯ‫࠻ྕܭ‬ѦǴ ԶҬඤ‫܄‬ႇǵ៓ǵᒰǵልǵႉ‫֖ޑ‬ໆ߾ࢂ࠻ѦҖ୔ଯ‫࠻ྕܭ‬ϣǴ ‫ځ‬Ꭹ߾คܴᡉϐৡ౦Ƕ ӧΟᅿጫ๼ᅿ෌ය໔‫ࡕ߻ޑ‬Ǵჹβᝆ‫ڗ‬ኬ຾Չϡનϩ‫݋‬Ǵӕ ਔෳໆβᝆԖᐒᅹаϷᕴේϐ֖ໆǴ٠ඤᆉᅹේКǴ‫܌‬ள‫ډ‬ϐ่ ݀ӵ(߄ 2-1ǵ߄ 2-2ǵ߄ 2-3)ǴߙԢ๼‫่݀ޑ‬ᡉҢǴ‫ځ‬βᝆύ‫ޑ‬ᗔ ᆶ៓ӧ෌ࡕԖၨܴᡉ‫ޑ‬෧ϿǴԖᐒᅹ߾Ԗܴᡉ‫ޑ‬ቚуǹλ݊๼‫ޑ‬ ่݀ᡉҢǴ‫ځ‬βᝆύ‫໊ޑ‬ǵႇǵԖᐒᅹӧᅿ෌ࡕԖܴᡉ‫ޑ‬ቚуǴ. 36.

(47) ᗔ‫߾៓ک‬Ԗ෧Ͽ‫ޑ‬௃‫ݩ‬ǴԖᐒᅹ߾ᒿԖᐒਭ୻ԃය೴ᅌቚуǹԶ ೆвқ๼‫่݀ޑ‬ᡉҢǴᗔ‫៓ک‬Ψࢂр౜෧Ͽ‫ޑ‬௃‫ݩ‬ǴԖᐒᅹҭᒿ Ԗᐒਭ୻ԃය೴ᅌቚуǴ಄ӝ߻Γࣴ‫ز‬ჹԖᐒહբჹβᝆᅹ৤ᆽ ᑈቹៜϐࣴ‫่݀ز‬Ƕ ԜѦǴଞჹӚԃҽྕ࠻Ϸ࠻ѦҖ୔βᝆύϡનϐ໔຾Չ‫࣬ޑ‬ ᜢ߯ኧϩ‫ ߄(݋‬3-1 ~ ߄ 3-5)Ǵ‫܌‬Ԗ၂ᡍ୔ୱ‫ޑ‬βᝆ೿ᡉҢрႇ‫ک‬ ໊‫֖ޑ‬ໆև౜ᡉ๱҅࣬ᜢǴᎋᆶᗔ‫֖ޑ‬ໆӧ΋ԃྕ࠻ύև౜ᡉ๱ ॄ࣬ᜢǴՠӧΟǵϖԃྕ࠻ύ߾և౜ᡉ๱҅࣬ᜢǴᒰᆶᎋ‫֖ޑ‬ໆ ӧ΋ԃϷΎԃϐྕ࠻ύև౜ᡉ๱҅࣬ᜢǴ៓ᆶᎋӧ΋ԃԖᐒਭ୻ ྕ࠻βᝆύև౜ᡉ๱҅࣬ᜢǴ៓ᆶᗔӧΟԃྕ࠻Ԗᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻β ᝆύև౜ᡉ๱҅࣬ᜢǴ៓ᆶᒰӧ΋ԃϷΟԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻βᝆࣣ և౜ᡉ๱҅࣬ᜢǴልᆶᗔӧϖԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻βᝆύև౜ᡉ๱҅ ࣬ᜢǴልᆶᎋӧϖԃϷΎԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻βᝆև౜ᡉ๱҅࣬ᜢǴ ልᆶ៓ӧϖԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻βᝆև౜ᡉ๱҅࣬ᜢǴᅹᆶᗔӧΟԃ ϷΎԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻βᝆև౜ᡉ๱ॄ࣬ᜢǴᅹᆶᎋӧΟԃԖᐒਭ ୻ྕ࠻βᝆև౜ᡉ๱ॄ࣬ᜢǴᅹᆶᒰӧ΋ԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻βᝆև ౜ᡉ๱҅࣬ᜢǴՠӧΎԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻βᝆࠅև౜ᡉ๱ॄ࣬ᜢǴ ᅹᆶልӧΎԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻βᝆև౜ᡉ๱ॄ࣬ᜢǴӧΟԃԖᐒਭ ୻ྕ࠻βᝆύේᆶᅹև౜ᡉ๱҅࣬ᜢǴࠅᆶᗔǵᎋǵᒰǵ៓ǵል. 37.

(48) և౜ᡉ๱ॄ࣬ᜢǴӧ΋ԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻βᝆǴᅹේКᆶᗔև౜ᡉ ๱ॄ࣬ᜢǴՠࠅᆶᎋǵᒰǵ៓ࣣև౜ᡉ๱҅࣬ᜢǴӧΟԃԖᐒਭ ୻ྕ࠻βᝆǴᅹේКᆶᎋև౜ᡉ๱ॄ࣬ᜢǴԶᆶᅹև౜ᡉ๱҅࣬ ᜢǴӧϖԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻βᝆǴᅹේКᆶ໊ǵႇև౜ᡉ๱҅࣬ᜢǴ ӧΎԃԖᐒਭ୻࠻ѦҖ୔βᝆύǴᅹේКᆶᎋᡉ๱҅࣬ᜢǶ வғ‫ػ‬ය໔ჹӚԃҽҖ୔‫ޑ‬຾Չβᝆ pH ॶෳ‫่݀ޑۓ‬ᡉҢ (߄ 4)Ǵόӕጫ๼ࠔᅿϐ໔٠คᡉ๱ৡ౦ǴԶவ౽෌ࡕ໒‫ۈ‬Կಃ 14 Ϻϐ໔‫ޑ‬ᡂϯҭคᡉ๱ৡ౦‫܄‬ǴฅԶӧ౽෌ࡕಃ 21 ϺǴΨ൩ࢂ௦ ԏ߻Ǵβᝆለᡵࡋᆶ౽෌߃යԖᡉ๱‫ޑ‬΢ϲǴᇥܴӧ΋‫ۓ‬ਔ໔࡭ ុ‫ޑ܄‬ԖᐒહբβӦǴ‫ځ‬βᝆለᡵࡋё೴ᅌҗለ‫܄‬ӣൺ΢ϲǶ ӧғ‫ػ‬ය໔βᝆ EC ‫ޑ‬ෳໆ่݀΢Ȑ߄ 5ȑ Ǵ౽෌ࡕ‫ډ‬౽෌ 14 Ϻϐ໔ࣣคܴᡉৡ౦Ǵՠ௦ԏ߻(౽෌ࡕ 21 Ϻ)ᆶ౽෌߃යԖᡉ๱ ‫ޑ‬फ़եǴᡉҢβᝆ‫ޥ‬Κዴჴ཮ᒿբ‫ނ‬ғߏ֎ԏԶ෧եǶ. ಃΒ࿯ǵԖᐒ ಃΒ࿯ Ԗᐒહբ Ԗᐒહբჹբ‫ނ‬ғ‫ػ‬ϐቹៜ હբჹբ‫ނ‬ғ‫ػ‬ϐቹៜ კ 1 Կკ 15 ࣁΟᅿጫ๼ғ‫ػ‬ය໔Ǵ౽෌ԿҖ໔ࡕ‫؂‬႖ϖВ ‫ۓ‬ය‫ྣܡ‬ϐ૶ᒵǴྕ࠻೽ϩ‫ܭ‬Ԝය໔ࣣคᎁ‫ੰڙ‬ᙝ্ϐߟ᠍Ǵ࠻ ѦҖ୔Ӣᎃ߈ຼᎁ٠คΜӷ޸ࣽբ‫ނ‬ਭᅿǴᅿ෌ਔ໔΢ҭς຾Ε о‫ۑ‬Ǵࡺᅿ෌ය໔٠คр౜ੰᙝ্วғϐ௃‫ݩ‬Ƕ. 38.

(49) ӧғ‫ػ‬ፓࢗ΢Ǵҗਲ਼ଯ่݀(კ 16)ᡉҢǴ౽෌ࡕ෌ਲ਼ਲ਼ଯࣣ ևጕ‫܄‬ቚߏǴ‫ޔ‬Կ౽෌ࡕ 20 Вࣣϝೀ‫ܭ‬΢ϲᖿ༈ǶᏃᆅৡ౦٠ό ᡉ๱ǴΎԃԖᐒਭ୻ԃයϐྕ࠻ύਲ਼ଯԖၨଯ‫ޑ‬ᖿ༈ǴԶ࠻Ѧς ՉΎԃԖᐒਭ୻Җ୔‫ޑ‬ਲ਼ଯ߾ࣣౣեǴ௢ෳёૈ‫ډڙ‬ၨեྕࡋ‫ޑ‬ ቹៜǶ ਥᏵ SPAD ᔠෳ‫(่݀ޑ‬კ 17)Ǵ೭Οᅿጫ๼‫ޑ‬ғ‫ػ‬යӧ౽෌ ࡕ‫ ޑ‬15 Вၲ‫ډ‬ғ౛жᖴ‫ޑ‬ғߏଯঢ়ǴᡉҢӧҞ߻௦Ҕ‫୻ޥޑ‬ᆅ౛ ௛ࡼΠǴΟᅿጫ๼բ‫ޑނ‬ယᆘનӝԋਏ౗ӧԜਔၲ‫ډ‬ӚԾ‫ޑ‬നଯ ᗺ(ߙԢ๼ϟ‫ ܭ‬35~45ǹλ݊๼‫׳‬ၲ‫ ډ‬40 а΢ǹೆвқ๼߾ϟ‫ܭ‬ 25~35)ǴԜࡕࣣ໒‫ۈ‬೴ᅌΠफ़Ǵࡺӧ෌‫ނ‬ғ౛ᢀᗺ΢ǴԜࣁࡼуଓ ‫ୖޑޥ‬Եਔ໔ᗺǴаߦ٬෌ਲ਼ᆢ࡭ғ‫܄ࢲػ‬ǹԜѦǴЊѦጫ๼‫ޑ‬ SPAD ኧॶܴᡉࣣଯ‫࠻ܭ‬ϣጫ๼Ǵྕ࠻ϣ‫ޑ‬Ӏྣࡋёૈ‫࠻ྕډڙ‬೛ ࡼ‫ࡀޑ‬ጨቹៜ‫ځ‬ӀӝբҔՅન‫ޑ‬ӝԋǶ࠻ϣྕ࠻೽ϩǴӧΎԃԖ ᐒਭ୻ᆅ౛‫࠻ྕޑ‬ǴSPAD ኧॶදၹ೿ୃեǹԶӧ΋ԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ ࠻‫ޑ‬բ‫ނ‬΢Ǵ‫ ځ‬SPAD ॶӧ᏾ঁғ‫ػ‬ය໔‫ޑ‬ቚǵ෧൯ࡋ٠όܴᡉǴ ‫ځ‬চӢᗋԖࡑ຾΋‫ޑ؁‬௖૸Ƕ ᢀჸယស‫ޑ‬ғߏ૶ᒵ(კ 18)Ǵယស‫ޑ‬ᡂϯᆶόӕԃයԖᐒਭ ୻‫ޑ‬ᜢ߯٠όܴᡉǴӚҖ୔ϐ໔‫ޑ‬ቚ൯ࣣΜϩௗ߈Ǵӕਔև౜٤ ༾‫ࡰޑ‬ኧቚуᖿ༈ǴԜ೽ϩёӧ(კ 1)Կ(კ 15)‫ྣޑ‬Т΢ϕࣁӑ. 39.

(50) ᛾Ǵόፕጫ๼ᅿᜪǴӧᅿ෌߃ය᏾ᡏ෌ਲ਼ғߏೲ౗ࣣၨᄌǴ‫ډ‬ύ ࡕය߾೿և౜‫ז‬ೲቚߏ‫ޑ‬௃‫׎‬Ǵ‫ډޔ‬௦ԏ(౽෌ࡕ 21 В)ϐ߻Ǵယ សϝߥ࡭΢ϲ‫ޑ‬ᖿ༈Ƕ ќ΋Бय़ǴᆶယТғߏԖᜢ‫ޑ‬рယೲ౗߾և౜੝‫ޑۓ‬ᡂϯ(კ 19)Ǵӧ‫܌‬Ԗ၂ᡍಔύǴ౽෌ࡕεऊϖВϐϣрယೲ౗೿և౜ᒨᅉ ࣗԿ૰ଏ‫ޑ‬௃‫ݩ‬Ǵӝ౛௢ෳᔈࢂѴभԾҤࣧύ౽рᅿ෌‫ډ‬Җ໔ ࡕǴਥ‫ۘس‬҂ֹӄࡌҥǴ෌ਲ਼‫ޑ‬Нҽ‫ک‬Ꭶҽ֎ԏ೿ೀ‫ܭ‬ό‫ރޑى‬ ᄊЪӕਔሡஒεӭᎦϩϩଛ‫ܭ‬ӦΠ೽‫ޑ‬ғߏ΢ǴӢԜ೷ԋрယೲ ౗‫ޑ‬૰ଏǶԜࡕ‫ډޔ‬௦ԏ߻ߙԢ๼рယೲ౗٠คр౜ܴᡉ‫ޑ‬૰ ଏǹλ݊๼೽ϩǴନΑ࠻ѦΎԃԖᐒਭ୻ԃයҖ୔ϐѦǴྕ࠻೽ ϩ‫ޑ‬рယೲ౗ς໒‫ۈ‬р౜෧ଏ‫ޑ‬ᖿ༈ǹԶೆвқ๼߾ӧ΋ǵΟԃ Ԗᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻аϷ࠻ѦҖ୔р౜૰ଏǴϖԃϷΎԃԖᐒਭ୻߾࡭ ុ΢ϲǶ ӧϸ৔Ӏ᛼‫ޑ‬ϩ‫่݀݋‬΢(კ 20)ǵ(კ 21)ว౜Ǵόፕྕ࠻ϣ ‫࠻܈‬ѦҖ୔Ǵёว౜ӧё‫ـ‬Ӏ(500~600 nm)аϷ߈आѦӀ‫ࢤݢޑ‬೽ ϩǴΟᅿጫ๼ယТ೿Ԗၨଯ‫ޑ‬ϸ৔౗ǶΎԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻‫ޑ‬ጫ๼Ǵ ӧԜΒ‫୔ࢤݢ‬ୱΞၨ‫ځ‬дྕ࠻ጫ๼‫ޑ‬ϸ৔౗ౣଯ(კ 20)ǹԶ࠻Ѧ ‫ޑ‬ጫ๼ယТϸ৔Ӏ᛼߾ե‫࠻ྕܭ‬ϣ‫(ޣ‬კ 21)Ƕ ਥᏵ௦ԏࡕள‫ ߄(่݀ޑډ‬6)Ǵว౜Οᅿጫ๼ӧ࠻Ѧ‫ޑ‬ᗲౢໆ. 40.

(51) Ϸଳౢໆࣣଯ‫ܭ‬ӧྕ࠻ύ‫߄ޑ‬౜Ǵᗲౢໆ΢ଯр 1.0 ~ 2.0 kg m-2Ǵ Զ࠻ѦҖ୔‫ޑ‬෌ᡏ֖Нໆ߾ࣣౣե‫࠻ྕܭ‬ύǴᡉҢ෌‫ނ‬ӧ࠻ѦҖ ୔‫ޑ‬ᅿ෌ᕉნΠǴԖၨଯ‫ޑ‬ౢໆ߄౜ᆶଳ‫ނ‬፦ಕᑈК‫ٯ‬Ƕ‫ځ‬ύߙ Ԣ๼‫ޑ‬ᗲౢໆӧӚԃҽྕ࠻ύϟ‫ ܭ‬6.63 kg m-2 Կ 6.83 kg m-2 ϐ ໔Ǵ࠻Ѧ߾ёၲ‫ ډ‬8.75 kg m-2 ϐ᛼Ǵ֖Нໆ߾೿ϟ‫ ܭ‬96.0 ~ 96.5%ǹ λ݊๼ϐྕ࠻ϣԖᐒਭ୻ᗲౢໆࣁ 4.92 kg m-2 Կ 6.69 kg m-2Ǵ࠻Ѧ Җ୔ၲ‫ ډ‬7.00 kg m-2Ǵ෌ᡏ֖Нໆࣣပ‫ ܭ‬95%΢Πǹೆвқ๼ϐ ྕ࠻ϣᗲౢໆϟ‫ ܭ‬5.92 Կ 6.83 kg m-2Ǵ෌ᡏ֖Нໆࣣӧ 96%΢ΠǶ җ௦ԏ‫ޑ‬ጫ๼෌ਲ਼຾Չচη֎ԏӀ᛼ϩ‫݋‬ள‫ޑډ‬ϡનϩ‫߄݋‬ ᡉҢ(߄ 7)Ǵ໊ϡનӧྕ࠻ύΟᅿጫ๼‫֖ޑ‬ໆǴදၹࣣଯ‫࠻ܭ‬ѦҖ ୔‫܌‬ᅿ෌‫ޣ‬Ǵӕਔλ݊๼ᆶೆвқ๼‫໊֖ޑ‬ໆΨᒿ๱Ԗᐒਭ୻ྕ ࠻‫ޑ‬ԃයቚуԶԖ෧Ͽ‫ޑ‬ᖿ༈ǹԶႇ֖ໆӧ࠻ѦҖ୔‫ޑ‬Οᅿጫ๼ ύǴ߾ࣣԖଯ‫ܭ‬ᅿ෌‫࠻ྕܭ‬ϣ‫ޑ‬ᖿ༈Ǵ‫ځ‬ύλ݊๼ᆶೆвқ๼‫ޑ‬ ႇ֖ໆᒿ๱Ԗᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻‫ޑ‬ԃයቚуԶԖ΢ϲϐᖿ༈ǹӧߙԢ๼ ‫ک‬λ݊๼ύǴ࠻Ѧਭᅿ‫້֖ޑ‬ໆࣣଯ‫࠻ྕܭ‬ϣᅿ෌ǹᗔ֖ໆӧ࠻ ѦҖ୔‫ޑ‬Οᅿጫ๼ύǴ֖ໆࣣե‫࠻ྕܭ‬ϣਭ୻‫ޣ‬ǹᎋ֖ໆӧӚ၂ ᡍҖ୔ϷΟᅿጫ๼ϐ໔ࣣคܴᡉϐৡ౦ǹᒰ֖ໆӧ࠻ѦҖ୔ᅿ෌ ϐጫ๼ύ߾ܴᡉଯ‫ܭ‬ᅿ෌‫࠻ྕܭ‬ϣǴЪӧӚྕ࠻ϐ໔Ǵ‫֖ځ‬ໆᒿ ๱Ԗᐒਭ୻ԃයϐቚуԶԖΠफ़‫ޑ‬ᖿ༈ǹӧྕ࠻ϣᅿ෌ϐߙԢ๼. 41.

(52) Ϸλ݊๼ύ‫֖៓ޑ‬ໆଯ‫࠻ܭ‬Ѧᅿ෌‫ޣ‬Ǵՠӧೆвқ๼྽ύৡ౦٠ όܴᡉǹል֖ໆӧӚ၂ᡍҖ୔ϷӚጫ๼໔ϐৡ౦߾όܴᡉǶ а Walkley-Black ᔸ਼ϯ‫ݤ‬ෳள‫ޑ‬ጫ๼෌ᡏԖᐒᅹໆᡉҢ(߄ 7)Ǵӧ࠻Ѧᅿ෌‫ޑ‬Οᅿጫ๼ϐԖᐒᅹໆǴࣣଯ‫ܭ‬ᅿ෌ӧྕ࠻ϣ‫ޣ‬ǹ Զа Kjeldahl ‫ۓ‬ේ‫ݤ‬ள‫ޑډ‬ᕴේໆ߾ᡉҢ(߄ 7)Ǵྕ࠻ϣѦаϷό ฻Ԗᐒਭ୻ԃයϐ໔‫ޑ‬෌ਲ਼֖ේໆৡက٠όܴᡉǴΨӢԜǴ࠻Ѧ Җ୔෌ਲ਼‫ޑ‬ᅹේКӧΟᅿጫ๼ύࣣଯ‫ܭ‬ӧྕ࠻ϣਭᅿ‫ޣ‬Ƕ வጫ๼෌ਲ਼ள‫ޑډ‬ϡન֖ໆ‫܌‬຾Չϐ࣬ᜢ߯ኧϩ‫ ߄(݋‬8-1 ~ ߄ 8-5)߾ᡉҢǴ΋ԃԖᐒਭ୻ԃයྕ࠻‫ޑ‬෌ᡏύǴል֖ໆᆶႇ֖ ໆև౜ᡉ๱ϐॄ࣬ᜢǹේ֖ໆᆶႇ֖ໆҭև౜ᡉ๱ϐॄ࣬ᜢǹේ ֖ໆᆶል֖ໆև౜ᡉ๱ϐ҅࣬ᜢǶӧԜේǵႇǵልΟ‫ޣ‬໔р౜ೱ ᙹ‫࣬ޑ‬ᜢ‫܄‬ǶӧΟԃԖᐒਭ୻ԃයྕ࠻ϐ෌ᡏύǴᎋ֖ໆᆶᗔ֖ ໆև౜ᡉ๱ϐ҅࣬ᜢǹ៓֖ໆᆶ້֖ໆև౜ᡉ๱ϐॄ࣬ᜢǹේ֖ ໆᆶል֖ໆև౜ᡉ๱ϐ҅࣬ᜢǶӧϖԃԖᐒਭ୻ԃයྕ࠻ϐ෌ᡏ ύǴ໊֖ໆᆶል֖ໆև౜ᡉ๱ϐ҅࣬ᜢǴՠᆶේ֖ໆ߾և౜ᡉ๱ ϐॄ࣬ᜢǹ້֖ໆᆶᗔǵᒰǵ៓‫֖ޑ‬ໆ೿և౜ᡉ๱ϐ҅࣬ᜢǹᗔ ֖ໆᆶᒰϷ៓‫֖ޑ‬ໆࣣև౜ᡉ๱ϐ҅࣬ᜢǶӧΎԃԖᐒਭ୻ԃය ྕ࠻ϐ෌ᡏύǴᗔ֖ໆᆶ໊֖ໆև౜ᡉ๱ϐ҅࣬ᜢǹ້֖ໆᆶᎋ Ϸ៓֖ໆࣣև౜ᡉ๱ϐ҅࣬ᜢǹӧΎԃԖᐒਭ୻ԃය‫࠻ޑ‬ѦҖ୔. 42.

(53) ‫܌‬ᅿ෌‫ޑ‬ጫ๼෌ᡏύǴේ֖ໆᆶᒰ֖ໆև౜ᡉ๱ϐॄ࣬ᜢǹᅹේ К߾ϩձᆶᎋ‫ک‬ልϐ֖ໆև౜ᡉ๱ϐॄ࣬ᜢǶ. ಃΟ࿯ǵϸ৔Ӏ᛼ᆶӀӝՅનӧԖᐒહբ΢ϐϩ‫݋‬ᔈҔ ಃΟ࿯ ϸ৔Ӏ᛼ᆶӀӝՅનӧԖᐒહբ΢ϐϩ‫݋‬ᔈҔ Ԗᐒਭ୻ԃය‫ޑ‬ቚуǴӧጫ๼ယТϸ৔Ӏ᛼΢Ǵ‫ܭ‬ё‫ـ‬Ӏᆶ ߈आѦӀ୔‫ޑ‬ϸ৔౗ёև౜੝‫ۓ‬ೕࡓ(კ 20 ᆶკ 21)Ǵ٠ᆶӀӝՅ ન֖ໆᡂϯϐᖿ༈΋ठ(߄ 9-1 Կ߄ 9-3)Ƕҗ(߄ 10)ϐ่݀ᡉҢǴ ௵ག‫ ࢤݢ‬XS2(610 nm ~ 680 nm)ϩձᆶ NDVIǵSRVIǵϷ SPAD ॶ ևཱུᡉ๱࣬ᜢǹԶќ΋௵ག‫ ࢤݢ‬XS3(790 nm ~ 890 nm)ϩձᆶ NDVIǵSRVI ॶևᡉ๱࣬ᜢǴǹNDVIǵSRVIǵNDVIbroad ǵSRVIbroad ฻෌ғࡰኧϷ SPAD ॶёբࣁԖᐒਭ୻ጫ๼ԴϯϷယᆘન֖ໆε ൯फ़եਔ‫ࡰޑ‬኱Ƕ ਥᏵ೚(2003)ϐࣴ‫่݀ز‬ᡉҢǴယᆘનᆶᜪचᡀጱન࣬ᜢϯ ӝ‫ނ‬ϐཱུ‫܄‬ჹ NDVI Ԗᡉ๱࣬ᜢǶӧယᆘન࣬ᜢϯӝ‫ނ‬Бय़Ǵ PPIXǵMGPPǵPchlideǵChlide a Ϸ Chlide b ฻ယᆘન‫ޑ‬жᖴ‫ނ‬፦ ೿ឦ‫ܭ‬ค෌ᎇ᜘ϐ dephytylated ՅનǴ‫܄ཱུځ‬ၨεԶၨܰྋ‫ܭ‬НǶ Chl aǵChl bǵPhe a Ϸ Phe b ߾೿ឦ‫֖ܭ‬Ԗ෌ᎇ᜘ϐ phytylated Յ નǴ‫܄ཱུځ‬ၨλԶ໼ӛિྋ‫܄‬ǶԜϯᏢ่ᄬ‫ޑ‬ৡ౦೷ԋԖ෌ᎇ᜘ ‫ޑ‬ယᆘન࣬ᜢϯӝ‫ނ‬ჹယТϸ৔Ӏ᛼ NDVI ϐଅ᝘ࡋၨεǶӧҁ. 43.

(54) ၂ᡍύǴԖᐒਭ୻ጫ๼ယТՅન֖ໆᆶ෌ғࡰኧ฻ϐ࣬ᜢ߯ኧ(߄ 11)Ǵ෌ғࡰኧ NDVI ᆶ SRVI ᆶ Phe a/b և౜ᡉ๱࣬ᜢǶ ӧྕ࠻ϣѦᆶԖᐒહբԃයβᝆ੝‫܄‬Ϸϡન֖ໆϐ໔‫܌‬຾Չ ‫ޑ‬ᡂБϩ‫่݀݋‬΢(߄ 12-1)ǵ(߄ 12-2)ᡉҢǴԖᐒહբϐԃයᆶβ ᝆለᡵࡋϷҬඤ‫້܄‬ǵҬඤ‫܄‬ᗔǵᒰǵᎋ‫֖ޑ‬ໆଯեևཱུᡉ๱࣬ ᜢǴᇥܴߏයԖᐒહբᆶβᝆለᡵ‫ׯޑ܄‬๓‫ޣٿ‬ϐ໔Ԗ࣬྽‫ޑ‬ᜢ ᖄ‫܄‬Ƕՠќ΋Бय़Ǵ่݀ҭᡉҢྕ࠻ϣѦҖ୔ϐӢનቹៜβᝆ‫܄‬ ፦(ྕ࠻ϣѦҖ୔ϩձᆶႝᏤࡋǵԖᐒ፦֖ໆǵԖਏ‫܄‬ᕗǵҬඤ‫܄‬ ႇǵҬඤ‫້܄‬ǵҬඤ‫܄‬ᗔǵ៓ǵል֖ໆ໔ևཱུᡉ๱࣬ᜢ)ϐᜢᖄ‫܄‬ ࡐଯǴॶள຾΋‫ޑ؁‬௖૸‫ځ‬ύৡ౦ᆶচӢǶ ճҔϸ৔Ӏ᛼ीᆉ෌ғࡰኧǴߚઇᚯ‫܄‬Ӧ՗ᆉယТՅન֖ໆ ϐᡂϯǴ຾Զᅱෳբ‫ނ‬ғߏ‫ݩރ‬Ǵ‫ܭ‬ჴሞҖ໔હբ΢ࣁ‫ڀ‬ᔈҔወ ΚϐБ‫ݤ‬Ƕ. ಃѤ࿯ǵԖᐒ Ԗᐒહբ હբჹβᝆԖᐒᅹ৤ϐቹៜ ಃѤ࿯ Ԗᐒ હբ ჹβᝆԖᐒᅹ৤ϐቹៜ җ߄4όӕԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻ϣϷ࠻ѦҖ୔ጫ๼ғ‫ػ‬ය໔β ᝆpHॶϐᡂϯᒿԖᐒહբԃයቚуԶ೴ᅌफ़եǴԿ7ԃԖᐒહբԃ යϐҖ୔ωΞӣϲǴ߄2-1 ~߄2-3ύSOC֖ໆа5ԃԖᐒહբԃය ྕ࠻Җ୔ϐSOC֖ໆၲനεǶ. 44.

(55) ਥᏵഋ฻(2008)ϐࣴ‫ز‬ǴྒྷӦϐSOC֖ໆᆶpHॶ໔ࣁॄ࣬ ᜢǴᡉҢβᝆለ‫܄‬ำࡋٰԾԖᐒᅹǶᝳဘਥ೽཮ញ‫ܫ‬рለ‫ނ܄‬፦Ǵ ӢԜԖᐒ‫ނ‬፦‫܈‬ԖᐒᅹຫӭǴਥ୮ᕉნຫୃለ‫(܄‬ഋ฻Ǵ2008)Ƕ೭ ኬ‫ૈ่݀ޑ‬ᇥܴᝳဘё೸ၸਥ୮؈फ़‫ޑ‬೼৩ǴஒӀӝբҔౢ‫ނ‬ញ ‫ډܫ‬βᝆύ(Richert et al., 2000)ǴቚуSOC֖ໆǶ΢ॊ౜ຝҭёᇥ ܴӧԖᐒહբ྽ύǴβᝆ‫ޑ‬ለᡵࡋᆶԖᐒᅹᆽᑈໆ໔‫ޑ‬ᜢ߯ᆶӃ ߻ϐࣴ‫ز‬΋ठǶჹྣόӕԖᐒਭ୻ԃҽྕ࠻ϐ໔‫ޑ‬βᝆለᡵࡋᡂ ϯᖿ༈(߄4)ᆶβᝆԖᐒᅹໆ(კ22)‫ׯޑ‬ᡂǴёว౜ӧ຾ՉԖᐒહբ ϖԃਔǴβᝆለᡵࡋࣣୃեǴԜਔ‫ޑ‬βᝆԖᐒᅹᆽᑈໆࠅࢂനଯǴ ᡉҢβᝆለ‫܄‬ำࡋёૈᆶԖᐒᅹ‫ޑ‬ᑈᓯໆ࣬ᜢǶԜѦǴӧҶહН ҖᕉნǴอය၂ᡍϐ‫ۓڰ‬ໆࣁ23.28 Mg CO2 ha-1 (2007ԃ7ДԿ2008 ԃ5Д)Ǵ߄β20 cmԖᐒᅹ֖ໆѳ֡ࣁ45.8 g kg-1Ǵҗ(߄2-1)ǵ(߄ 2-2)ǵ(߄2-3)ύǴόӕԖᐒહբԃයྕ࠻୔Ǵᅿ෌΋යጫ๼߻ࡕ߄ β20 cmϣϐβᝆԖᐒᅹቚуऊ1~9 Mg ha-1Ǵ࣬྽‫ۓڰܭ‬Α3.7~33 Mg CO2 ha-1ǶόӕԖᐒਭ୻ԃය(1~7ԃ)ྕ࠻୔βᝆёຟӸSOCໆ ऊ31~56 Mg ha-1Ǵ࣬྽‫ܭ‬114~206 Mg CO2 ha-1ǶߏԃࡼՉԖᐒહբ ‫؂‬ԃѳ֡ё‫ۓڰ‬14 Mg CO2 ha-1Ǵ٠‫ុ࡭ܭ‬Ԗᐒહբ5~7ԃࡕǴၲ‫ډ‬ നεSOCຟໆǶܴᡉӦǴӧ҂ٰ௢ቶԖᐒહբёၲ‫ډ‬CO2෧ໆǵග ϲၭ཰࿶ᔮᆶၭӦߥ‫ػ‬฻ӭख़фૈǴӧౢໆǵࠔ፦ᆶᕉნߥៈǵ. 45.

(56) ҉ុ࿶ᔼϐ໔‫ډפ‬ѳᑽᗺǶ SOC ٰྍх֖Ӧ΢ǵӦΠ೽ූਲ਼аϷਥ୮؈फ़฻(Johnson et al., 2006)Ǵ ‫֖ځ‬ໆ‫ޣ܈‬βᝆᅹ‫ૈۓڰ‬ΚϐቹៜӢη࣬྽ӭǴх֖βᝆ‫܄‬፦ǵ ෌‫ނ‬ғ‫ނ‬ໆǵ਻ংᆶғౢၸำϐᏹբ(Lemus and Lal, 2005)Ǵࣁ҂ ٰॶளᝩុ௖૸ϐ᝼ᚒǶ. ಃϖ࿯ǵԖ ಃϖ࿯ Ԗᐒહբჹ CO2 ෧ໆϐଅ᝘ ҁጇ‫܌‬௖૸‫ޑ‬ᅹ৤ჹຝ໻ࣁWalkley-Black ᔸ਼ϯ‫܌ݤ‬՗ी ϐSOC֖ໆǴԖ೚ӭ߻Γࣴ‫ࡰز‬рԜБ‫܌ݤ‬ෳໆϐԖᐒᅹ໻ૈж ߄ё਼ϯԖᐒᅹǴ٠όૈж߄βᝆ᏾ᡏϐԖᐒᅹ(Chen et al., 2004)ǴӢԜ҂ٰѸ໪མଛ‫ځ‬дβᝆᅹ৤ࡰ኱Ǵ‫ٯ‬ӵ༾ғ‫ނ‬ᅹ‫܈‬ᕴ ᅹ֖ໆ(C%)Ǵωૈ‫ֹ׳‬᏾‫ޑ‬ΑှβᝆύӚᅿᅹ৤ӧਔ໔΢‫୏ޑ‬ᄊ ᡂϯǹӵा຾΋‫؁‬ᙶమᅹનٰྍ‫܈‬௖૸Ԗᐒહբϐଅ᝘ǴѸ໪ෳ ໆጫ๼ᆶβᝆӧӚਔයϐį13CǴ೸ၸ‫ځ‬ᡂϯ՗ी෌‫ނ‬ϐଅ᝘ำࡋ (Balesdent and Balabane, 1992; Sá et al.2001; Liang et al., 2002)Ƕа ߻Γ၂ᡍϐ่݀уаୖྣǴԖᐒહբჹ‫ܭ‬ε਻CO2෧ໆࢂ࣬྽Ԗᔅ շǴᇻᇻଯ‫ܭ‬Ѡε၂ᡍၭ൑НҖβᝆ7.5-12 g kg-1Ǵᆶϖ࿯‫୻܈ؽ‬ Ӧतᜪ՟ǴࣣჹβᝆԖᐒᅹ৤ᆽᑈԖ࣬྽ӳ‫ޑ‬ᔅշ(Chen et al.,. 46.

(57) 2007)Ǵ‫ځ‬Ԗᐒᅹ֖ໆᇻଯ‫ܭ‬΋૓ᜢ෠НዿҖ߄β‫ޑ‬41 g kg-1 (ၗ਑ ྍԾ஭൧୯റγ)Ƕх֖೏ԏᛘϐӦ΢೽ଅ᝘Ǵջ΋૓ғߏ‫ރ‬ᄊϐ നεғ‫ނ‬ໆǴа෌‫ނ‬ѳ֡ᕴᅹ֖ໆ(C%)՗ᆉǴҶહНҖᆶ‫ݝ۞ݞ‬ ᠁ϐ૛า‫ڰ‬ᅹໆϩձࣁ7.55ᆶ4.71 Mg ha-1Ǵ࣬྽‫ܭ‬27.7ᆶ17.3 Mg CO2 ha-1(ഋ฻, 2008)ǹ୍ֽ݅аԃ‫׷‬ᑈғߏໆीᆉǴջ҂ीᆉਥ୮ ‫ڰ‬ᅹǴ՗ी݅ӦCO2ຼԃ‫ۓڰ‬ໆऊࣁ7.45-14.9 Mg ha-1 yr-1Ǵϝե‫ܭ‬ ߏයԖᐒહբҖ୔βᝆǶ௦Ԗᐒહբ߃යǴ‫؂‬ԃԿϿё‫ۓڰ‬6~15 Mg ha-1 yr-1ǴऩаCO2 ෧ໆԋҁ‫؂‬ϦАཥѠჾ6.6ϡ՗ᆉǴӚऊࣁ ‫؂‬ϦഘཥѠჾ3.6࿤ᆶ9࿤ϡǴԜ೽ϩ҂ٰऩયΕ௨‫ܫ‬ଛᚐϐҬܰǴ ჹ‫׫ܭ‬ΕԖᐒၭ཰ਭ୻ᆅ౛‫ޣ‬ҭࢂёᢀ‫ޑ‬ԏΕǶ. 47.

(58) A.. B.. C.. D.. კ 1ǵ7 ԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻Җ୔ߙԢ๼౽෌ࡕ‫ޑ‬ғ‫ػ‬௃‫׎‬Ƕ(A.౽෌ࡕ 5 В; B.౽෌ ࡕ 10 В; C.౽෌ࡕ 15 В; D.౽෌ࡕ 20 В). A.. B.. C.. D.. კ 2ǵ7 ԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻Җ୔λ݊๼౽෌ࡕ‫ޑ‬ғ‫ػ‬௃‫׎‬Ƕ(A.౽෌ࡕ 5 В; B.౽෌ ࡕ 10 В; C.౽෌ࡕ 15 В; D.౽෌ࡕ 20 В) 48.

(59) A.. B.. C.. D.. კ 3ǵ7 ԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻Җ୔ೆвқ๼౽෌ࡕ‫ޑ‬ғ‫ػ‬௃‫׎‬Ƕ(A.౽෌ࡕ 5 В; B.౽ ෌ࡕ 10 В; C.౽෌ࡕ 15 В; D.౽෌ࡕ 20 В). A.. B.. C.. D.. კ 4ǵ5 ԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻Җ୔ߙԢ๼౽෌ࡕ‫ޑ‬ғ‫ػ‬௃‫׎‬Ƕ (A.౽෌ࡕ 5 В; B.౽෌ ࡕ 10 В; C.౽෌ࡕ 15 В; D.౽෌ࡕ 20 В) 49.

(60) A.. B.. C.. D.. კ 5ǵ5 ԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻Җ୔λ݊๼౽෌ࡕ‫ޑ‬ғ‫ػ‬௃‫׎‬Ƕ (A.౽෌ࡕ 5 В; B.౽෌ ࡕ 10 В; C.౽෌ࡕ 15 В; D.౽෌ࡕ 20 В). A.. B.. C.. D.. კ 6ǵ5 ԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻Җ୔ೆвқ๼౽෌ࡕ‫ޑ‬ғ‫ػ‬௃‫׎‬Ƕ (A.౽෌ࡕ 5 В; B. ౽෌ࡕ 10 В; C.౽෌ࡕ 15 В; D.౽෌ࡕ 20 В) 50.

(61) A.. B.. C.. D.. კ 7ǵ3 ԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻Җ୔ߙԢ๼౽෌ࡕ‫ޑ‬ғ‫ػ‬௃‫׎‬Ƕ (A.౽෌ࡕ 5 В; B.౽෌ ࡕ 10 В; C.౽෌ࡕ 15 В; D.౽෌ࡕ 20 В). A.. B.. C.. D.. კ 8ǵ3 ԃԖᐒਭ୻ྕ࠻Җ୔λ݊๼౽෌ࡕ‫ޑ‬ғ‫ػ‬௃‫׎‬Ƕ (A.౽෌ࡕ 5 В; B.౽෌ ࡕ 10 В; C.౽෌ࡕ 15 В; D.౽෌ࡕ 20 В) 51.