C ANEXOS DO ÍNDICE DE PREÇOS TURÍSTICOS APPENDIX OF TOURIST PRICE INDEX

旅 遊 物 價 指 數 附 件

ANEXOS DO ÍNDICE DE PREÇOS TURÍSTICOS APPENDIX OF TOURIST PRICE INDEX

統 計 方 法

NOTA METODOLÓGICA

METHODOLOGY

概 念 CONCEITOS

CONCEPTS

ESTRUTURA DE CONSUMO DOS VISITANTES

CONSUMPTION STRUCTURE OF VISITORS

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Centro de Documentação e Difusão de Informação da DSEC Further information can be obtained from Documentation and Information Centre of

Statistics and Census Service

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官 方 統 計 Estatística Oficial

Official Statistics

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Methodology 3

Concepts 9

METHODOLOGY

Objective

Tourism industry has important contributions to the economy of Macao, indicators such as number of visitor arrivals, visitor expenditure and hotel occupancy rate, provide useful information for the development of this industry. The newly published Tourist Price Index (TPI) will further enhance the Tourism Statistics of Macao.

TPI is used to reflect the price change of a representative basket of goods and services purchased by visitors at different periods of time. Besides, TPI helps to measure the real change of visitor’s expenditure.

Visitor expenditure survey

The consumption structure of TPI is derived from the Visitor Expenditure Survey conducted from July 1997 to June 1998, evolving 4,528 visitors, including excursionists and tourists. They were asked to provide information on the type of expenses, amount and locale of purchase.

Selection of goods and services

As it is impossible to observe price change of all goods and services purchased by visitors, a representative basket of goods and services is selected according to the weight of each item in the total consumption expenditure.

The 1999/2000-based TPI comprises of 89 items of goods and services, grouped into 8 sections, which are given as follows:

Section 1: Food, alcoholic drinks and tobacco Section 2: Clothing and footwear

Section 3: Accommodation Section 4: Restaurant service

Section 5: Transport and communications Section 6: Medicine and personal goods Section 7: Entertainment and culture Section 8: Miscellaneous goods

In the selection of goods and services, a percentage threshold is established whereas any item that does not reach this threshold are excluded. However, some typical tourist goods and services, though weigh below the threshold, are retained in the basket based on their popularity, for example, admission fee to museum.

To guarantee that the TPI represents all goods and services purchased by visitors, the weights of the excluded items are either added directly to the goods and services with similar characteristics within the same group, or distributed proportionally to the goods and services in the same group.

Chart 1: Consumption structure of the Tourist Price Index

After the selection of goods and services, it is necessary to establish detailed specifications of the selected goods and services, such as quality, packaging and brand, to assure that subsequent price collections are refer to the identical item of goods or service.

Selection of outlets

For every item of goods or service, 3 outlets are selected for price collection, the outlets generally locate at passenger departure points, tourist spots, shopping and hotel districts. On a quarterly basis, 281 prices are observed from 118 outlets. These outlets include souvenir and Chinese pastry shops, restaurants and similar establishments, hotels, boutiques, jewellery stores, entertainment establishments, as well as transport and communication services.

Food, alcoholic drinks and tobacco 8.6%

Clothing and footwear 8.9%

Accommodation 10.9%

Restaurant service 16.4%

Transport and communications 28.4%

Medicine and personal goods 2.7%

Entertainment and culture 4.8%

Miscellaneous goods 19.3%

Table 1: Number of outlets and prices by TPI sections

No.

Sections Groups Subgroups Goods and

services

Outlets observed

Prices

Food, alcoholic drinks and tobacco 2 10 22 17 78

Clothing and footwear 3 13 21 29 72

Accommodation 1 1 1 9 9

Restaurant service 1 1 4 12 12

Transport and communication 2 3 14 8 28

Medicine and personal goods 2 4 11 12 33

Entertainment and culture 2 3 9 19 30

Miscellaneous goods 3 6 7 16 19

Total 16 41 89 118* 281

* Of which 4 outlets are subject to price collection for more than one section of goods and services.

Method and periodicity of price collection

The enumerators from the Statistics and Census Service visit the selected outlets to collect price information and the prices collected refer to amount settled in full payment. In addition, they have to record reasons for goods and services that have significant price change.

Data collection is carried out on a quarterly basis, yet prices of seasonal goods and services such as fireworks and tickets of the Macao Grand Prix are collected only when they are available, assuming their prices will remain the same during the rest of the observation period. For the prices of some items which are set by administrative measures, for example, local transport and long-distance calls, once the new price is officially announced, they will be taken immediately into TPI calculation.

Substitution of goods and services

The calculation of TPI assumes that the basket of goods and services will remain constant in order to measure the price change. But in practice, the emergence of new products, short supply or significant change in characteristics of existing product will lead to a substitution process. The process must fulfill the following conditions:

- The substituted product has been unavailable once;

- The new product has similar characteristics and price compared with the substituted product;

- Substitution should be carried out within the same outlet or in the same district.

For calculation purpose, the weight of substituted product will be attributed to the new item, assuming the price change of the new product is identical to the substituted product. Substitution of brands and product packaging will follow the similar procedures like the substitution of goods and services.

Substitution of outlets

When a selected outlet is closed, changes its business activity or the target products subject for observation are unavailable, the outlet is replaced. New outlet must fulfill the following criteria:

- locates close to the substituted outlet;

- sells similar product;

- has similar type of clientele;

- has approximate turnover.

Index calculation

TPI is calculated by using the Laspeyres Index.

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CONCEPTS

Visitor

Any person travelling to Macao other than that of his/her usual environment for less than 12 consecutive months and whose main purpose of travel is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within Macao.

Tourist Price Index (TPI)

An indicator measures the price change of goods and services consumed by visitors.

Percentage change of TPI

An indicator derived from the calculation of TPI, reflecting the price change of tourist goods and services.

Base period

A period which index is 100, used as a reference of current period.

Sections of goods and services

The broadest components of TPI, formed by different Groups of goods and services that have similar characteristics, to determine the weight for each section.

A Group is subdivided into Subgroups, Products and Items, that are listed in TPI’s classification of goods and services.

Items of goods and services

The most detailed level of TPI’s classification of goods and services, represents one goods or service.