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家長社經背景與學生學業成就關聯性之研究

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(1)

ඒߛઔߒႃע

ร؄Լ԰ᙀรԲཚʳ 2003 ڣ 6 ִʳ ଄ 255-287

ড়ߝޥငधශᇄᏰҡᏰཾԙ൷ ᜰᖒܒϞंـ

ᓂ ם ፗ ဢ ! ࡌ

ႚอ࿨ዌפ౨ᖂ੔ൎᓳඒߛ׌૞ऱפ౨ԯਢ༼ࠎ໎ՠၸ్ᛧીለ೏ऱ៭೭چ ۯאআࠌषᄎٻՂੌ೯Δྥۖඡ२ऱઔߒ࿇෼ၸ్٦፹ԯਢषᄎ෼ွհԫᛩΔڼ ጟ෼ွऱ׌૞ڂైԯਢᖂீᓰ࿓ឆ៲ထอएၸ్რᢝীኪፖᏝଖᨠࢬᖄીΖངߢ հΔᖂீඒߛפ౨ګ੡֮֏٦፹ऱ׌૞ຜஉΖᇨྥ֮֏٦፹ऱ෻ᓵբ๯ֱ۫षᄎ ࢬᢞኔΔ܀ਢઌᣂઔߒ৙ጠլٵषᄎലᖞٽ֮ࠡ֏౧࿮հ௽௘ࢤۖژڇլٵऱ஁

ฆΖഗ࣍ڼጟ֮֏஁ฆऱᄗ࢚Δءઔߒऱ׌૞ؾऱԯਢᛀᢞፕ᨜ඒߛ᧯ࠫխࢬژ ڇऱ֮֏٦፹෼ွΔၞۖ൶ಘ୮९षᆖહནፖᖂسᖂᄐګ༉հᣂᜤࢤΖ

ᜢᗖӷǺޗ࿶ङඳǵᏢ཰ԋ൩ǵЎϯӆᇙ

ҁЎբޣࣁᆵчѱϣ෫୯λჴಞ௲ৣ

ႝηແҹࣁǺ[email protected]

׫ዺВයǺ2002 ԃ 2 Д 22 Вǹ௦ҔВයǺ2003 ԃ 3 Д 22 В

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Practice teacher, Nei-Hu Elementary School, Taipei, Taiwan E-mail: [email protected]

Manuscript received: Feb. 22, 2002; Accepted: Mar. 22, 2003 Bulletin of Educational Research

June, 2003, Vol. 49 No. 2 pp. 255-287

A Study of the Relationship between Parental Socioeconomic Backgrounds and Students’

Academic Achievements

Meng-Ying Hsieh A b s t r a c t

Traditional structural-functionalists tend to view education as a vital means to help the working class move up in terms of social stratification. Nevertheless, the results of recent research have shown that class reproduction is a social phenomenon, the prin- cipal factors of which are ruling class ideologies and values embodied in the school curriculum. Schools are, then, among the key institutes contributing to cultural reproduction. Although such a theory has been validated in western countries, some researchers argue that different social contexts may bring about different accomplish- ments. In light of these claims, this study is designed to explore the phenomenon of cultural reproduction in Taiwan by examining the relationship between students’ family backgrounds and their academic achievements.

Keywords: socioeconomic backgrounds, academic achieve- ments, cultural reproduction

(3)

ಥăࡁտજ፟ᄃϫ۞

ႚอ࿨ዌפ౨ᓵृᎁ੡ඒߛऱפ౨ԯਢഗ࣍פᜎ଺ঞΔࠉᅃଡԳऱཕԺፖթ ౨ᙇᖗΕ։಻۟षᄎၸᐋᔞᅝऱ៭೭چۯΖྥ֦ۖᇫऱਢΔڼጟඒߛᙇᖗፖ։಻

ऱפ౨ឈྥႉᚨඒߛᖲᄎ݁࿛֏ፖཏ֗֏ۖ᝟࣍פᜎᖄٻΔ܀ਢݮڤՂ᝟࣍ֆؓ

ড়ᨠऱඒߛפ౨থս࠹ၸ్஁ฆऱᐙ᥼Ζ۞ 70 ڣזඡཚ۟ 80 ڣזאࠐΔᓢડᓵ ᖂृԯ༿᥻ᇷء׌ᆠኙඒߛऱ୬ࠫΔא֗ඒߛߓอ෠੡ၸ్٦፹ՠࠠΔՕ്ᖓٕ

࿨ዌפ౨ᓵࢬࣄ਍ऱᨠរΖط࣍ᖂீඒߛ༼ࠎอएၸ్٦፹ਝ൓ܓఛऱٽऄຜ உΔڇඒߛᖲᄎ݁࿛ऱՑᇆհՀឆ៲ထอएၸ్֭಻ऱრቹΖඒߛࢬႚᎠऱवᢝ ܛਢอएၸ్ᙇᖗਬጟᒤᡱऱ֮֏܂੡ᓰ࿓փ୲ΔሎشඒᖂေၦΕس੒๵ᒤፖᦞ ԺᣂএႚᎠ֮֏᥹ᦞΰcultural hegemonyαΖڼጟط֭಻ၸ్ࢬᗑ׭ऱवᢝ᧯ߓΔ ຑ൅ऱᐙ᥼۟ᖂீᓰ࿓փ୲ऱ࿨ዌፖ᥆ࢤΔીࠌᖂீᓰ࿓փ୲ژڇլܓ࣍இႨၸ

్ٻՂੌ೯ऱ֮֏ڂైΖۖᇠ֮֏ڂైԯ࠷ެ࣍ᖂ࿙۞ؔփ֏ऱ฾ࢤΰhabitusα ፖ֮֏ᇷءΰculture capitalα஁ฆࠌྥΖᄭ۞࣍լٵषᆖહན୮அࢬഛᕆऱ֮֏

౨Ժΰculture competenceαΔຘመऴ൷ࢨၴ൷ऱֱڤႚᎠ՗Ֆਬጟ፿ߢΕ৸უΕᏝ ଖᨠ࿛֮֏ತΰcultural goodsαΔᆖطᖂ฾ፖಝᒭऱመ࿓אփ֏ګ੡ᑨڇऱ฾ࢤΔ

ၞۖݮګֲ৵൷࠹ᖂீඒߛऱದࡨ౨ԺΖངߢհΔषᄎၸ్ࢬႿທנ௽ࡳऱψ฾

ࢤωലၞԫޡᐙ᥼ᖂسऱᎁवଅ௑Ε፿ߢᑓڤΕ᧤ᙀං෻࿛լٵ࿓৫ऱᖂ฾౨ԺΖ ڼጟ౨Ժਢܡ౨ജᔞᚨᖂீඒߛհ׌ੌ֮֏Δലၞԫޡᖄીլٵषᆖહནᖂ࿙հ ᖂᄐګ༉஁ฆΖ

ڶᦸ࣍ڼΔءઔߒு֨ᤜᠲԯ൶ಘᐙ᥼լٵषᆖહནᖂ࿙ᖂᄐګ༉஁ฆհڂ

࣠ᖲࠫ੡۶ΛٍܛΔլٵषᆖહན୮९ආ࠷۶ጟඒᕆ۩೯אᖄી՗Ֆ฾ࢤፖ֮֏

ᇷءհ஁ฆΛࠡᣂ᝶ڂై੡۶Λ௅ᖕՂ૪ઔߒ೯ᖲᚵࡳءઔߒؾऱڕՀΚ

ԫΕא֮֏٦፹෻ᓵ܂੡ઔߒਮዌΔࠀᛀီᇠ෻ᓵਢܡፖഏփኔᎾൣउઌ ฤΖ

ԲΕ൶ಘ୮९षᆖહནፖᖂسᖂᄐګ༉հᣂᜤࢤΖ

ԿΕ൶ಘլٵषᆖહན୮९ඒᕆᖵ࿓ፖᖂسᖂᄐګ༉஁ฆհڂ࣠ᖲࠫΖ

(4)

؄Ε௅ᖕઔߒ࿨࣠ኙ࣍ඒߛኔ೭ՠ܂֗آࠐၞԫޡઔߒ༼נࠠ᧯ױ۩ऱ৬ ᤜΖ

෮ă͛ᚥଣ੅

ʙăൖ်͒৖ደ߂˞଀Չ͒৖˷ٙ!

ᅝषᄎطᖲඳຑ൅᠏᧢੡ڶᖲຑ൅ழΔٵழՈ֘ਠנषᄎ࿨ዌ᠏᧢ऱመ࿓Ζ ڇຑ൅ऱषᄎխΔط࣍։ՠ១໢֗೏৫ऱઌۿࢤΔषᄎګ୉ႃ᧯რᢝૹ࣍ଡԳრ ᢝΔሐᐚ๵ᒤለൎ௺Δڂڼඒߛऱषᄎ֏פ౨ઌᅝૹ૞Ζ܀ᙟထषᄎ։ՠᓤᠧ֏Δ ១໢ऱ໎೯Ժᣄא૤๛ՠᄐषᄎࢬᏁΔषᄎດዬ᠏ী੡ڶᖲຑ൅Ζڼጟषᄎ࿨ዌ խΔଡԳრᢝૹ࣍ႃ᧯რᢝΔറᄐԳթऱᏁޣၦՕᏺΔඒߛפ౨ऱૹ૞ࢤᙟհ༼

֒Ζᇨڕ Durkheimΰ1956αਐጠषᄎऱ։ՠٽ܂Ꮑ૞षᄎګ୉ऱڍᑌࢤΔીڼष ᄎຘመඒߛ۞ߪऱڍᑌ֏ፖറ॰֏Δലګ୉։಻ࠩլٵऱषᄎၸᐋᇙΔאᒔঅष ᄎ։ՠࢬᏁऱڍᑌࢤΖڂڼΔඒߛਢፂᢀषᄎᖞٽլױࢨ౒ऱԫႈૹ૞ᖲࠫΔࠡ

ؾऱڇ࣍আࠌଡԳຘመᖂீඒߛۖषᄎ֏੡ڶشऱٝ՗Ζ

ڼ؆ΔParsonsΰ1961αᎁ੡ඒߛࠫ৫հ׌૞פ౨ԯਢފዝषᄎ֏መ࿓խհψᙇ ᖗωᖲࠫΔא֗ψԳԺ։಻ωऱᖲዌΔڼጟפ౨ኔᔌ࣍ఄ్᧯ߓհሎ܂Ζఄ్ऱ षᄎ֏פ౨៶طఄ్੒೯ഛᕆᖂسऱवᢝፖݾ౨Δא࿇୶ଡԳຂٚტ֗ᔞᚨषᄎ ऱ౨ԺΖ۟࣍ᙇᖗऱפ౨ΔParsons ᎁ੡ڇ෼זषᄎެࡳଡԳऱ៭ᄐᙇᖗբլٵ࣍

ႚอषᄎΖଡԳඒߛګ༉ऱ೏܅ᄎᐙ᥼៭ᄐၸᐋऱۯᆜΔڂڼ੡ԱݙګԳԺᇷᄭ ऱषᄎ֏ፖ։಻Δඒ৛ᇙऱᙇᖗᑑᄷᚨא౨Ժࢨګ༉੡ࠉូΔࠀຘመߓอ֏ऱֱ

ڤေၦᖂس।෼ΖڂڼΔᖂீඒߛऱᙇᖗפ౨ԯࠉᅃᖂسऱ౨Ժፖګ༉Δലהଚ

։಻ࠩषᄎၸᐋऱᔞᅝߡۥΖٍܛΔषᄎ։ՠࢬᏁ૞ऱ໎೯ԺࡉࠎᚨറᄐԳթऱ ᖂீ᧯ࠫΔࠟृհၴਢܡ౨ജጹയ಻ٽፖඒߛհᙇᖗפ౨ࠠڶയ֊ऱᣂএࢤΖ

᜔ۖߢհΔ࿨ዌפ౨ᖂृᎁ੡ඒߛऱפ౨ਢࠉᅃଡԳլٵऱ౨Ժۖ։಻ࠩᔞ ᅝऱ៭ᄐۯᆜΔଡԳګ༉լᏁ࠹ࠫ࣍षᆖچۯΔषᄎੌ೯ᖲᄎਢֆؓإᆠၲ࣋࿯

լٵषᄎၸ్ऱګ୉Ζྥۖຝ։ᖂृਐኴ࿨ዌפ౨ᓵृೣૹ࣍ඒߛऱψषᄎ֏ω

(5)

ፖψอᖞωפ౨Δথ࢙ฃᖂீඒߛࢬឆ៲ऱषᄎ൳ࠫፖᦞԺ։಻Δڂڼ࿝ृՀԫ ᆏၞԫޡطᓢડᓵᖂृऱᨠរଳ࣫ඒߛհפ౨რᆠΖ

ʠă;߂ቐࠏባဇ଀Չ͒৖˞ӳҀ!

)Ι*ఀىᇄငᔼᜰ߽ϞӔᇧ!

Althusserΰ1971αਐጠΚഏ୮ᕩፋٺጟषᄎীኪۖอᖞΔᆖઌኙ۞׌ࢤऱݔ

࠰Δᇷء׌ᆠ൓אګ੡᥹ᦞႃቸΔۖഏ୮ኙषᄎࠃ೭հեቃΔࠌᇷء׌ᆠषᄎࠫ

৫հ٦፹൓ࠩঅᎽΖڇႉൕፖ൳ࠫመ࿓խΔषᄎᦞԺᣂএ᧯ߓ݁៶ܗഏ୮ᖲᕴא ৬مΔषᄎอएၸᐋሎشٺጟഏ୮ᖲᕴΰstate apparatusesαၞ۩֭ࠡ಻ፖ٦፹Ζ

ۖψᖂீωԯਢ෼זषᄎ່ૹ૞ऱრᢝীኪഏ୮ᖲᕴΖڇՠᄐ࿇ሒऱषᄎխΔඒ ߛࠫ৫ګ੡ᇷء׌ᆠ֭಻षᄎࠀ٦፹ࠡسขයٙऱ່ૹ૞ՠࠠΖBowles & Gintis ΰ1976αᎁ੡ᖂீඒߛഗءՂਢԫଡ٦፹ऱመ࿓Δڼጟመ࿓ਢຘመࠟጟֱ૿ࠐၞ

۩Κรԫਢٽऄ֏Δඒߛࠫ৫៶طψઝݾԫפᜎω׌ᆠऱრᢝীኪٽऄ֏ၸ్࿨

ዌऱլ݁࿛෼ွΔࠌଡԳઌॾषᄎၸᐋ֏ፖᆖᛎچۯऱլؓ࿛ਢط࣍ଡԳ౨Ժ஁

ฆࠌྥΔڂۖឆ៲Աषᄎၸ్હནࢬທګඒߛᖲᄎլ݁࿛ऱࠃኔΙࠡڻਢषᄎ֏Δ ᖂீඒߛႚᎠᇷء׌ᆠᆖᛎࠫ৫ऱ౨ԺΕᇷ௑ፖᨠ࢚ΔࠐႿທᖂسขس໎ՠψრ ᢝωΰconsciousnessαࠀࠌࠡڜ࣍ࠡۯΖڂڼᇷء׌ᆠषᄎऱඒߛࠫ৫Δ׽ਢڇ Ⴟທᖂس൷࠹آࠐψٽᔞωߡۥऱڜඈΔࠀല෼ژऱլ݁࿛෼ွٽऄ֏ۖբΖڂ ڼΔඒߛ׽ਢԫଡ٦፹ऱመ࿓Δᖂீਢച۩ڼጟመ࿓ऱᖲዌΖࠃኔՂΔᖂீඒߛ ऱפᜎ׌ᆠ៶ထԫ୚।૿Ղֆؓড়ᨠऱᙇᖗᖲࠫΔലଡԳ։಻ࠩլؓ࿛ऱᆖᛎࠫ

৫ՂΔࠀࠌषᄎګ୉ઌॾڼጟຘመඒߛড়ᨠᙇᖗۖࠐऱᆖᛎլؓ࿛ਢױ൷࠹ऱΔ ਢԫጟᖲᄎՂऱؓ࿛Δڂڼඒߛऱլ݁࿛ਢ௅ཬ࣍ᆖᛎࠫ৫հփΔᖂீඒߛࠀྤ

ऄޏ଀षᄎਝژऱլ݁࿛෼ွΖ )Π*МϽӔᇧ፣!

Bourdieu ൕ֮֏ऱߡ৫ࠐ༿قඒߛߓอኙषᄎ࿨ዌ٦፹ऱᐙ᥼Δࠀ׌്ඒߛ

ᖲᄎլؓ࿛ऱެࡳڂైΔլ໢໢׽ਢᆖᛎᦞԺऱߧ፸֘ᚨΔۖਢ֮֏ᇷء։಻լ

݁ࢬᖄીΖ֮֏ਢอएၸ్ലਝ൓ܓఛ୶෼ֲ࣍ൄس੒ऱ໾տΔषᄎ࿨ዌլؓ࿛

ऱᦞԺᣂএ٦፹Δຟ៶ط֮֏ऱு֨ߡۥࠌڼጟመ࿓ᛧ൓إᅝऱٽ෻ࢤΖط࣍ᖂ

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ீඒߛࢬႚᎠऱ֮֏ຘመᓰ࿓փ୲ࠐኦ᧩อएၸ్ࢬᎁױऱवᢝΔᜰՅᓰ࿓փ୲ ऱڜඈፖิ៣ΕᖂسऱᙇঞፖෟޮΕ֮ᖇऱ࠷൓Δ੷۟࣍נषᄎऱ៭ᄐچۯ݁ڶ ܓ࣍༳༽᠆༄֮֏ᇷءऱอएၸ్Ζڂڼ֮֏٦፹ૹរڇ࣍ᛀᢞඒߛߓอڕ۶ຘ መ֮֏ᇷءऱᙁಬΔګ੡षᄎၸ్٦፹ऱՠࠠΖBourdieu طᗑឰ֮֏Εᖂீवᢝ

֗ଡԳس९׾հၴऱᣂএࠐᇭᤩ٦፹ऱᖵ࿓Δࠀא֮֏ᇷءΰcultural capitalαፖ

฾ࢤΰhabitusα܂੡֮֏٦፹ऱு֨Δ൶ಘඒߛߓอ៶ထฤᇆᑊԺΰsymbolic

violenceαऱሎشΔ൓אൎࠫषᄎګ୉൷࠹ਝ൓ܓఛृࢬ੺ࡳऱٽऄ֏वᢝΔၞۖ

ݮګषᄎ٦፹ऱ෼ွΖ 1.ඒߛߓอՀऱฤᇆᑊԺ

BourdieuאฤᇆᑊԺࠐᇞᤩอएၸ్֮֏ᇷءਢڕ۶ऱ៶ܗඒߛߓอᓤ፹ࠡ

റڶऱ௽ᦞΔၞۖࠌ֮֏ᇷءհլ݁ฤᚨषᄎၸᐋऱլؓ࿛෼ွΖBourdieu &

Passeronΰ1977αᎁ੡ඒߛ᧯ߓਢฤᇆᑊԺሎ܂ऱࠫ৫֏ᖲዌΔࠡሎ܂׌ၗ຃ઠ࣍

ඒߛᖂ۩೯ΰpedagogic actionαΕඒߛᖂᦞ৖ΰpedagogic authorityαΕඒߛᖂՠ܂

ΰpedagogic workαΔא֗ඒߛߓอΰpedagogic systemα؄ՕࡎᠲխΖᜰՅඒߛߓ อխऱᖂࠫቇࡳΕᓰ࿓փ୲ऱᗴᙇΕေၦᑑᄷऱ๻ૠ݁ਢ੡Աႉൕඒߛᖂᦞ৖ऱ

༳൳Δၞۖሑ۩ඒߛᖂ۩೯ፖඒߛՠ܂אሒ֮ࠩ֏٦፹ऱრቹΖᇨྥඒߛߓอխ ኙᖂسၞ۩ฤᇆᑊԺऱऴ൷ՠࠠԯਢᓰ࿓ፖඒᖂΔᓰ࿓ਢอएၸ్ᗑឰऱ᥹ᦞ֮

֏ΙඒᖂঞਢฤᇆᑊԺऱ୶෼Δࠡؾऱڇ࣍ᥒᙁᖂسറឰ֮֏ऱψإᅝࢤωΔၞۖ

ሒګอएၸ్ਝ൓ܓఛऱ٦፹ΖངߢհΔᖂீඒߛऱ֮֏᥆ࢤႜٻ࣍Ղᐋၸ్ऱ

֭಻֮֏Δඒᖂߓอհᓰ࿓փ୲ፖေၦֱڤΔٍਢທګᖂீګ੡٦፹լؓ࿛հ໢

ۯΖ

2.ၸ్฾ࢤፖ֮֏ᇷء

ᖂீඒߛਢᥒᙁᗑឰ֮֏ऱࠫ৫֏໱഑Δࠀॺխمড়ᨠऱႚࢭཏሙࢤऱव ᢝΖڼጟᗑឰऱ֮֏ᇷءࠀॺԳԳࠆڶΔۖਢ࠹֭ࠫ࣍಻ၸ్ࢬᗑ׭Ζط࣍ᖂீ

ඒߛࢬႚᎠऱ֮֏ႜٻ֭࣍಻ၸ్ऱ֮֏Δᖂீඒߛࢬࠌشऱ፿ߢᑓڤՈਢ֭಻

ၸ్ࢬ฾ክऱش፿Δڂڼᇠ֭಻ၸ్՗Ֆࢬᖑڶऱ֮֏ᇷءΔআࠌהଚ๠࣍ඒߛ

໱഑ऱᚌႨچۯΖ

ط࣍ᖂீඒߛऱ֮֏௽ᔆԯਢ֭಻ၸ్՗Ֆڇ୮அඒ֏መ࿓խܛբᑵ൜ऱ֮

(7)

֏Δڼጟ֮֏ऱᎁवԯਢࠐ۞࣍୮அࢬഛᕆऱ౨ԺΔޢଡ୮அຘመऴၴࢨၴ൷ऱ

ֱڤႚᎠ՗Ֆਬጟ፿ߢΕ৸უΕᏝଖᨠΕवᢝ௽ᔆ࿛֮֏ತΔᆖطඒ֏Εᖂ฾ፖ ಝᒭऱመ࿓Δאփ֏ګ੡ᑨڇऱψ฾ࢤωΖڼጟ฾ࢤԯਢຘመඒ֏ፖᖂ฾൓ࠐऱΔ ڂڼլױᝩ܍ऱ֘ਠנࢬ᥆ၸ్ऱ֮֏ᇷءΖᇨڕ Bernsteinΰ1977αא፿ߢᖂऱ ᨠរ։࣫षᄎၸ్լٵऱ፿ߢᑓڤኙ࣍ᖂسᖂᄐګ༉ऱᐙ᥼ԺΔ۞ஃسኙᇩΕᓰ

࿓փ୲ऱඖ૪ֱڤΕඒઝ஼ऱറᄐ๬፿Ε֮ڗრᆠऱܧ෼Δຟਢᐙ᥼ᖂسᖂᄐګ

༉ऱฤᇆ᧯ߓΖངߢհΔᖂس፿ߢᑓڤፖषᄎၸ్հၴࠠڶയ֊ऱᣂᜤࢤΔᄭ۞

࣍լٵषᄎၸ్ऱ୮அࢬႿທנՀԫזլٵऱ፿ߢ౨ԺΕ৸ەᑓڤലऴ൷ᐙ᥼՗

Ֆऱᖂ฾ګ༉ΰৌ෌ᔕΔ1998αΖխՂၸ్ආشጲയীΰelaborated codeαऱ፿ߢ ݮڤΔለ౨࿇୶נᓤᠧ׊ࢼွऱ৸ፂᑓڤΔࠠڶൎ௺ऱړ࡛֨Δࠀ֧ᖄנᐖ഑ऱ वᤚᒤᡱΖઌ֘ऱΔ໎ՠၸ్ࢬࠌشऱލࠫীΰrestricted codeα፿ߢݮڤΔړ࡛

֨ऱൎ৫ፖᒤ໮ለ՛Δ౒׎൶౉ࠃढڂ࣠ᣂᜤऱᘋᔊΔאᆖ᧭ᖄٻ֘ᚨࡌᔡߪல ऱࠃढΔ౒׎֘ઊޅܒऱ෻ࢤ଺ঞΖڼጟ᧤ᙀ৸ᙃՂऱ௽ᔆΔႨؘᐙ᥼ᖂ฾փ୲ ऱᎁवא֗ᖂ฾ֱऄऱሎشΔޓၞԫޡຑ൅֘ᚨ࣍ᖂᄐګ༉ऱ।෼ΰ႓ቯႂΔ 1989αΖ

طڼױवΔඒߛመ࿓׽ਢ٦፹ၸ్֮֏ᇷءհլ݁࿛Δඒߛࠫ৫।૿Ղီޢ ۯᖂسمߩរؓ࿛Δথ࢙ฃᖂسڂ୮அၸ్چۯࢬᖄીऱ֮֏ᇷء஁ฆΖࠃኔՂΔ ᖂீඒߛ׽ਢ࢏ۼ֮֏ᇷءլؓ࿛ऱᖲࠫΔᏺၞ଺ءࠠڶ֮֏ᇷء௽ᦞऱᖂسᖂ

฾ᖲᄎΔࠀດޡඈೈԫࠄ֮֏ᇷءፖ֭಻ၸ్᧩ထլٵऱᖂسΖڂڼΔᖂீඒߛ ऱפ౨ԯਢ։಻Ղᐋषᄎऱ֮֏ᇷءΔࠀႚᎠอएၸ్ऱ֮֏റࠫၞۖ٦፹षᄎ ၸ్հլؓ࿛Ζڶᦸ࣍ڼΔ࿝ृՀԫᆏၞԫޡ൶ಘ୮९षᆖહནፖᖂسᖂᄐګ༉

ᣂᜤհڂ࣠ᖲࠫΔאᇢቹᇞ࣫୮அषᄎၸ్஁ฆࢬᖄીᖂسᖂ฾ᖲᄎլ݁࿛հᣂ ᜤڂైΖ

ʭăࣜ۝ڥ༄ࠧುჄደΡደ๾Й౷˞ᘰᒒ!

)Ι*ኇ៪ᏰҡᏰཾԙ൷Ϟড়৳धශӰશ!

࿝ृ༉ઌᣂઔߒ࿨࣠ូ౏נ࿨ዌڂైፖᖵ࿓ڂైא֗࿨ዌፖᖵ࿓հٌյᐙ᥼

ڂై։࣫Ζ

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1.୮அ࿨ዌڂైፖᖂᄐګ༉հᣂᜤ

୮९ψषᆖچۯωԫऴਢ൶ಘ୮அڂైፖᖂسᖂᄐګ༉ᣂᜤऱૹ૞ਐᑑΔ୮ ९ऱඒߛ࿓৫Ε៭ᄐᣊܑΔא֗୮அऱᆖᛎگԵΔઃီ੡ᘝၦ୮அषᆖچۯऱ׌

૞ᑑᄷΖ

(1)୮९៭ᄐၸᐋΕඒߛ࿓৫ፖᖂسᖂᄐګ༉

്࿳ᄓፖ႓ᑞݳΰ1997αઔߒᖂ࿙ᖂᄐګᜎհᐙ᥼ڂై࿇෼Δ׀ئඒߛ࿓৫Ε

׀ᘣ៭ᄐषᆖچۯኙᖂسᖂᄐګ༉ຟڶ᧩ထऱإٻᐙ᥼Ζ׼؆ࡌᄅ༄ΰ1999αٍ

࿇෼׀ئᖂᖵਢ೏խ៭אՂΕ៭ᄐ᥆ࢤਢᇷขၸ్֗ᆖ෻ၸ్Ε୮அޢִگԵڇ ԶᆄאՂऱխΕ೏षᆖچۯ୮அΔࠡ՗Ֆऱᖂ฾࿨࣠Ո೏࣍ࠡה୮அહནऱᖂسΖ ᓯڍઌᣂઔߒ݁ኔᢞ୮அહནڂైխ່౨ቃྒྷࠝ࿙ᖂீ।෼ऱਐᑑԯਢषᆖچ ۯΔ୮அषᆖچۯ။೏Δࠝ࿙ᖂᄐګ༉Ո။೏Ζ

2.୮அᖵ࿓ڂైፖᖂᄐګ༉հᣂᜤ (1)ඒߛཚඨፖᖂᄐګ༉

Boocockΰ1972αਐנΚ׀ئऱඒߛཚඨਢᐙ᥼ࠝ࿙ᖂᄐګ༉ऱ׌૞୮அڂ

ైΔ୮९ඒߛཚඨ။೏Δኙ՗Ֆऱᖂᄐګ༉।෼ڶለ೏ऱ૞ޣΔۖ೏ګ༉ऱᖂ࿙

ڍתࠐ۞࣍೏ཚඨऱ୮அΖᇨڕࣥᆠߊΰ1993α࿇෼׀ئඒߛཚඨყ೏ृΔࠡ೶

ፖ՗Ֆᖂ฾੒೯ऱ࿓৫Ոყ೏Δᖂسऱᖂᄐګ༉ٍყ೏Ζ (2)ጥඒֱڤፖᖂᄐګ༉

ඦ≮ੳΰ2000αڇ଺۰ا೏܅ᖂᄐګ༉ᖂس୮அඒߛհᔆ֏։࣫խ࿇෼Δ೏

ᖂᄐګ༉سհ׀ئආ࠷ᗨᄕ׌೯ऱጥඒኪ৫Ιۖ܅ᖂᄐګ༉سհ׀ئঞܧ෼௣ᄕ ፖงᠦऱᖂ฾೶ፖΖ׼؆്ਞᘋΰ1986αಾኙ঴ᖂᚌ٭ࠟጟᄕጤᖂسᘣ՗ᣂএऱ

ֺለઔߒ࿇෼Κa.ࠟᣊᖂسڇ׀ئጥඒኪ৫Ղڶ᧩ထऱ஁ฆΔ঴ᖂ܅٭ऱᖂس׀

ئኙ՗Ֆጥඒኪ৫ለڍլԫીΔ׊ለڍאؚᒼऱֱڤ๠෻৘՗ᖂᄐऱംᠲΖb.ኙ ᓰᄐ᎖ᖄڶ᧩ထ஁ฆΔ঴ᖂ܅٭ᖂس׀ئለڍጥۖլඒΔᄕ֟ഛᕆ৘՗۞೯۞࿇

ऱ฾ክΖc.ࠟᣊᖂس׀ئڇኙ՗Ֆඒߛᣂ֨Ղڶ᧩ထ஁ฆΔ঴ᖂ܅٭ᖂس׀ئለ

֟Աᇞ৘՗ޣᖂس੒Δለ֟೶ፖᖂீऱ੒೯Ζ 3.୮அ࿨ዌፖᖵ࿓հٌյᐙ᥼ڂై

(1)षᆖچۯፖඒߛཚඨΕጥඒኪ৫

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ઌᣂઔߒ࿇෼᧩قছ૪࿨ዌፖᖵ࿓ڂైࠀॺࡰمΔۖਢขسٌᙑऱᐙ᥼ࢤΖ ࠏڕΚᢟ٠ቓΰ1992αಾኙፕ᨜چ೴ഏխ֒ᖂणउઔߒΔၞԫޡ࿇෼୮அહནڂ

ైհٌյᐙ᥼ՀΔඒߛ࿓৫ፖ៭ᄐᣊܑለ೏ऱ׀ئΔ࿯ղ՗Ֆऱඒߛཚඨለ೏Δ আࠌഏխᖂسڶฅᄐ৵ᤉᥛ֒ᖂऱ೏৫რᣋΖࠡڻࣥᆠߊΰ1993α࿇෼׀ئऱኔ Ꮎ೶ፖൣݮፖࠡ୮அषᆖહནڶയ֊ऱᣂএΔ୮அषᆖહནΰץਔ׀ئඒߛ࿓৫ ࢨ៭ᄐֽᄷαყ೏ழΔ׀ئ೶ፖऱ࿓৫Ոყ೏Δᖂسऱᖂᄐګ༉ઌኙՈ༼೏Ζ

(2)षᆖچۯፖࡺ۰ীኪ

ࡺ۰چ೴ױ౨֘ਠ୮அषᆖچۯऱ஁ܑΔ୮அࡺ۰။൷२ຟؑچ೴ृΔषᆖ چۯ။೏Ι֘հΔၢޘೣ᎛چ೴୮அऱषᆖچۯཏሙೣ܅ΰࣥ෎ᑑΔ1998ΙᄘᑽΔ 1995αΖᇨڕݥڶ᠞ΰ1999αಾኙፕקؑፖፕࣟᗼऱᖂسᖂᄐګ༉ֺለ࿇෼Κፕק

ؑዧԳ୮அषᆖچۯᚌ࣍ፕࣟᗼዧԳΖല׀ᘣ៭ᄐ։੡Ԯᣊ৵᧩قΔറ॰ݾ๬Ε

۩ਙ׌ጥ֗጑ᅮ۸෻࿛ػᏆၸ్ࢬ׭ֺࠏΔፕקؑ׭ 40.1%Δፕࣟᗼ׭ 16.4%Ι

ۖسข᧯ԺՠΕልࣥድड࿛հֺࠏঞፕࣟᗼ׭ 59.3%Δፕקؑ׭ 25.4%Δڂڼࡺ

۰چ೴ፖ୮அषᆖچۯࠠڶ೏৫ઌᣂΖ

)Π*ড়৳Ӱશኇ៪ᏰҡᏰཾԙ൷ϞޥོᏰϷݙ!

୮அહནڂైԯਢᐙ᥼ᖂسᖂᄐګ༉հᣂ᝶૞ైΔྥۖࠡխտᖵ࿓հڂ࣠ᖲ

ࠫঞႊא֮֏ᇷءΰCultural capitalαΕඒߛᇷᄭᎅΰEducational resourcesαΔא֗

षᄎᇷء෻ᓵΰSocial capitalα܂੡୮அહནڂైհ෡ᐋ൶ߒΖ 1.୮அڂైհ֮֏ᇷء෻ᓵᇭᤩ

Bourdieu & Passeronΰ1977αᎁ੡׀ئᐙ᥼՗ՖՕᖂඒߛऱګפፖܡΔ֮֏ފ

ዝૹ૞ऱڂైΖᚌႨၸ్ऱ՗Ֆक़၄ለ֟ழၴ࣍ڃ୮܂ᄐΔ֘ۖक़၄ለڍऱழၴ

࣍ཕԺ੒೯ΔࠏڕΚᔹᦰΕ઎ᚭᏣΕᦫଃᑗᄎ࿛Ζהଚࢬᤉࢭऱၸ్֮֏Δࠌࠡ

ࠠໂߜړऱवᢝፖषٌݾ؏Δא࠰ܗהଚᛧીᚌ။ऱګᜎΖᇨڕ DiMaggioΰ1982α

࿇෼֮֏ᇷءፖᖂسᖂᄐګ༉ࠠڶ᧩ထᐙ᥼ࢤΖWong & Sinΰ1998αઔߒ࿨ٍ࣠

᧩ق׀ئ֮֏ᇷءყ೏Δ՗Ֆඒߛګ༉Ոყ೏Ζྥ֮ۖ֏ᇷء෻ᓵհᄗ࢚ࡳᆠ֗

ሎ܂ᖲࠫսژڇڍֱऱञᤜፖޅေΔࠏڕΚDe Graafΰ1986α࿇෼୮அषᆖહན ᐙ᥼՗Ֆᖂᄐګ༉׌૞ਢຘመ୮அᦰ஼௛ࣷΰ׀ئᔹᦰ஼໴ழၴΕՂቹ஼ᙴڻ ᑇαΔۖॺ Bourdieu ࢬᘯऱݮڤ֮֏ΰ೶ፖ֮֏੒೯ऱڻᑇΔڕΚປ໑ढᙴΕᖵ

(10)

׾৬ᗰ࿛࿛αΖKatsilis & Rubinsonΰl990αא֮֏ᇷء܂੡ᐙ᥼ᖂسᖂᄐګ༉հխ տڂైΔઔߒ࿨࣠࿇෼֮֏ᇷء޲ڶऴ൷ᐙ᥼ᖂᄐګ༉Δۖᐙ᥼ᖂᄐګ༉஁ฆԯ ਢլٵषᆖહནᖂسऱլٵ౨ԺࡉܘԺࢬᖄીΖࠡڻ Robinson & Garnier ΰl985α אऄഏᖂس੡ઔߒኙွΔࠡઔߒ࿨࣠ፖ Bourdieu ઌؿએΔᎁ੡ऄഏ֮֏ᇷءኙၸ

్٦፹ऱᐙ᥼ৰ՛Δ֮֏ᇷءਢඒߛլؓ࿛ࢨषᄎլؓ࿛ऱᖲࠫࠀآ൓ࠩᢞኔΖ

۟࣍ഏփઌᣂઔߒֱ૿Δ୪෎՞ፖ႓ᑞݳΰ1996αڇઔߒᇖ฾ඒߛΕ֮֏ᇷ ءፖඒߛ࠷൓ழ࿇෼Κፕ᨜ױ౨ਢᗴᙇመ࿓Օڍאᜤەࠫ৫੡ࠉូΔᔹ࠴լી࠹

ᖂسऱ௛ᔆፖ঴࠺ࢬᐙ᥼Δ֮֏ᇷءլ࣐࿇ཀ܂شΔڂڼေ։Ꮕ౨ฤٽֆؓΕড় ᨠऱጲళΔࢬא෻ᓵრොऱ֮֏ᇷءኙඒߛऱᐙ᥼ބլࠩࣔ᧩ऱᢞᖕΖྥۖᇠઔ ߒאψԫ౳ࢤ֮֏ᇷءωΰڕᖂس୮ᇙਢܡᖑڶگᙕଃᖲΕଃ᥼ΕሽီΕᠧ፾࿛α ࠐ᧭ᢞ Bourdieu ऱݮڤ֮֏ᇷء෻ᓵΔথլਢᔞᅝऱਐᑑΔྤऄො። Bourdieu ݮ ڤ֮֏ᇷءᄗ࢚ऱࢬڶ૞ైΔڂڼࠡהઌᣂઔߒឩՕ Bourdieu ݮڤ֮֏ᇷءऱᄗ

࢚Δאޓࠠ᧯ऱਐᑑΔڕီᦫຌ᧯ΰᙕଃ൅Εᙕᐙ൅ΕሽᆰαΕᖂ฾ైޗΰۍઝ٤

஼Ε೶ە஼Εቹ஼αΕભ๬ᙴ೶ᨠ࿛֮֏ᇷᄭΔא֮֗֏੒೯ၦࠐ൶ಘ֮֏ᇷءኙ

࣍ᖂᄐګ༉հᐙ᥼Δ݁ᢞኔԱ᠆༄ऱ֮֏ᇷءኙඒߛګ༉ڶإ૿ऱᐙ᥼ΰݥڶ᠞Δ 1999Ιࡌᄅ༄Δ1999ΙຫႉܓΔ1998Ι᝔࡯ᗩΔ2002αΖ

2.୮அඒߛᇷᄭ෻ᓵΕषᄎᇷءፖᖂᄐګ༉հᣂᜤ

Teachmanΰ1987αඒߛᇷᄭ෻ᓵऱ׌૞ᄗ࢚ԯਢਐ׀ئषᆖچۯ။೏Δঞყ

ڶ౨Ժࡉ೯ᖲ༼ࠎඒߛᇷᄭΔၞۖ༼֒՗Ֆऱඒߛګ༉Ζۖ୮அඒߛᇷᄭऱਐᑑ ץܶ୮ᇙਢܡڶࡐࡳऱᦰ஼چֱΔਢܡڶ೶ە஼Εֲ໴֗ڗࠢࢨۍઝ٤஼Ζࠡઔ ߒ࿨࣠࿇෼൳ࠫ୮அषᆖહནհ৵Δඒߛᇷᄭսኙඒߛ࠷൓ڶإٻऱᐙ᥼ΰ֧۞

ຫႉܓΔ1998αΖ׼؆Δ႓ᑞݳΰ1995αא୮அᦰ஼ᛩቼΕ൷࠹ᇖ฾ඒߛΕ࢚஼ਢ ܡᏁ૞࠰ܗ୮խՠ܂ࢨ᝚ᙒΔ܂੡୮அඒߛᇷᄭհྒྷၦਐᑑΖࠡઔߒ࿨࣠ፖ

TeachmanઌۿΔ᧩ق׀ئඒߛፖ׀ᘣ៭ᄐყ೏Δ୮அᦰ஼ᛩቼყࠋΔ֘ਠ೏षᆖ

હན୮९ለૹီඒߛΔࠀ༼ࠎለڍऱඒߛᇷᄭאޏ࿳୮அᦰ஼ᛩቼΖ᧩ྥऱΔ

Teachman ऱඒߛᇷᄭ෻ᓵਐٻ୮அषᆖહནᐙ᥼ᖂسᖂᄐګ༉հԳ֮ፖढᔆᇷ

ᄭΖᇠԳ֮ᇷᄭฤᚨ Coleman ࢬᘯऱषᄎᇷءΔۖढᔆᛩቼঞ੡ತ೭ᇷءΖColeman ΰ1988αᎁ੡୮அહནຘመತ೭ᇷءΕԳԺᇷء֗षᄎᇷءΔኙ՗Ֆऱඒߛขس

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ᐙ᥼Ζತ೭ᇷءਐ୮அऱگԵፖತ༄Δױ༼ࠎ՗Ֆढᔆᇷᄭନᏺၞᖂᄐګ༉।෼Δ ࠏڕΚࡐࡳऱᦰ஼ᛩቼΕᖂ฾ޗற࿛Δشא࠰ܗᖂ฾հψढᔆᇷᄭωΙԳԺᇷءਢ א୮९ඒߛ࿓৫Δא֗༼ࠎ՗Ֆᖂ฾ᛩቼऱवᤚࢤ੡ᘝၦࠉᖕΖඒߛ࿓৫ለ೏ऱ ୮९࢓࢓ലለ᠆দऱ៭೭گԵ᠏֏੡ඒߛᆖ၄ऱދᇷΔאᏺൎ՗Ֆᖂ฾යٙऱࠨ ᖿΖۖ୮அփհषᄎᇷءऑਐ୮९ඒߛཚඨΕᣂࣹ࿓৫Δא֗ᘣ՗յ೯࿛ᐋ૿Δ ڂڼ୮அषᄎᇷءլႛץܶ୮९ፖ՗Ֆհၴऱᣂᜤൎ৫Ε୮அࢬ༼ࠎऱढᔆᇷ ᄭΔ੷۟୮९ኙ՗Ֆऱᣂࣹ࿓৫Ζ

ഏփᖂृຫႉܓΰ1998α࿇෼ᐙ᥼ᖂسᖂᄐګ༉ऱڂ࣠ᖲࠫԯਢ׀ئඒߛ࿓

৫ყ೏Ε୮அݙᖞࢤყړΔࠡխտ᧢ႈڕषᄎᇷءΰ׀ئ೶ፖαΕ֮֏ᇷءΰྤլ ߜႰړαΕತ೭ᇷءΰᇖ฾ႈᑇΕඒߛढᔆᇷᄭαყڍΕ۞ݺඒߛཚඨყ೏Δၞۖ

༼೏ᖂᄐګᜎΖ׼؆Δࣥཤ༄ΰ2000αઔߒ࿨࣠ਐנ୮९હནڂైຘመ᠏ངګለ ڍऱփ֏ᇷءΕࠫ৫֏ᇷءΕषᄎᇷءፖತ೭ᇷءઃڶܓ࣍ഏ፿Εᑇᖂګᜎऱ࠷

൓Ζᇨڕݥڶ᠞ΰ1999α࿇෼હནڂైԯਢຘመ֮֏ᇷءΕषᄎᇷءΕತ೭ᇷء

֗ᖂ࿙ඒߛࣄ૤࿛խտ᧢ႈΔၞۖᐙ᥼ᖂᄐګ༉Ζ

Ղ૪ٺႈઔߒ։࣫Δ୮அषᆖહནԫऴਢࢬڶ൶ಘᖂس୮அહནኙࠡඒߛᖲ ᄎࢨᖂᄐګ༉ᐙ᥼ऱ׌૞᧢ႈհԫΔ೏षᆖچۯऱ׀ئڍתࠠڶለ೏ऱඒߛ࿓

৫Δڂڼ୮९ኙ࣍՗ՖऱඒߛཚඨΕጥඒֱڤΕᘣ՗յ೯Εᖂ฾ᇷᄭऱ༼ࠎՈ༉

ყ᝟ᗨᄕΔڼጟඒᕆᖵ࿓ലڶܗ࣍՗Ֆᛧીᖂᄐګ༉ऱᚌႨΖ

ણăࡁտనࢍᄃ၁߉

୮९षᆖچۯԯਢطඒߛ࿓৫ፖ៭ᄐᣊܑࢬ੺ࡳΔྥۖᇠࠟႈषᆖچۯਐᑑ Ⴈؘขسٌյᐙ᥼ၞۖᖄીࡺ۰೴഑ऱ஁ฆΖ୮९षᆖچۯፖᖂسᖂᄐګ༉ᣂᜤ հխտᖵ࿓խΰߠቹ 1αΔ୮९Ꮭଖᨠא֗ඒߛཚඨࢬ୶ၲऱ۩೯࿜ฃץਔඒᕆֱ

ڤΕᖂ฾ᇷᄭא֗ᖂ฾೶ፖ࿛Կֱ૿Ζࠉᖕ֮֏٦፹෻ᓵΔא֗षᄎᇷءΕ୮அ ඒߛᇷᄭᓵհ֮᣸ڃ᥽Δጵٽូ࿨ᐙ᥼ᖂسᖂᄐګ༉հխտ᧢ႈڕՀΚ୮९ඒᕆ

ֱڤ։੡ᘣ՗յ೯ፖ፿ߢᑓڤΙᖂ฾ᇷᄭ։੡ᓰ؆ᇖ฾Εᖂ฾ޗறΔאٖ֗ၵ੒

೯ፖ֮֏ࠨᖿΔᖂ฾೶ፖץਔᓰᄐਐᖄΕᛀுᜤ࿮᡻Εᘣஃյ೯࿛ԿႈΖڂڼΔ

(12)

լٵषᆖહན୮९ኙ࣍՗Ֆऱᖂ฾೶ፖΕඒᕆֱڤΔא֗ᖂ฾ᇷᄭऱ஁ฆലݮႿ נլٵ௽ᔆऱ฾ࢤΔၞۖᐙ᥼ᖂسڇඒߛመ࿓խऱᖂ฾౨ԺΔࠀ׊।෼ڇቃྒྷ᧢

ႈ  ᖂسᖂᄐګ༉ऱ஁ฆՂΖ

୮९षᆖၸ్

୮९ඒߛ࿓৫

୮९៭ᄐᣊܑ

ࡺ۰೴഑

ඒߛཚඨ ࠠ᧯࿜ฃ

ඒᕆֱڤ

ᖂ฾ᇷᄭ

ᖂ฾೶ፖ

ᘣ՗յ೯

፿ߢᑓڤ ᓰ؆ᇖ฾

ᖂ฾ޗற

ٖၵ੒೯ፖ

֮֏ࠨᖿ ᘣஃյ೯ ᛀுᜤ࿮᡻

ᓰᄐਐᖄ ࠃছᄷໂࠃ৵ᛀಘ

฾ࢤ

ᖂ฾౨Ժ

ګ

1 ΏࠂՀޜ်࿧

ʙăࠂՀ̟ٲ!

ءઔߒԯਢආش(ԫ)ᓳ਷ઔߒऄΚ៶طᖂᤄᇷற᡻ՂऱګᜎΔא֗࿝ृ۞۩

ᒳ፹ऱᖂس୮९षᆖહནം࠴ᓳ਷Δܓشอૠ։࣫ᖂسᖂᄐګ༉ፖ୮९षᆖહན հၴਢܡࠠڶᣂᜤࢤΖ(Բ)๶ᓫऄΚط࣍ψ୮९षᆖહནፖᖂسᖂᄐګ༉հᣂᜤ ࢤωऱઔߒ૿ٻ෰௫ࠩଡԳ׌ᨠऱփڇ৸ፂፖტ࠹Δڂڼආشת࿨ዌڤ๶ᓫऄല ࠃኔΕൣቼऱ༴૪᠏֏੡ڶრᆠऱᇷறΔא෡Ե൶౉෼ွ࿇سऱլٵრොΖ

ʠăࠂՀ੅௩!

ءઔߒូ࿨ઌᣂ֮᣸൶ಘΕઔߒਮዌխٺ᧢ႈհڂ࣠ᣂᜤΔא֗ઔߒ೯ᖲፖ ؾऱΔၞԫޡ༼נאՀઔߒ೗๻א܂੡ە᧭հࠉᖕΖ

(13)

(ԫ)լٵषᆖહན୮९ࠡ՗Ֆᖂᄐګ༉ࠠڶ᧩ထ஁ฆΚᖂس୮அषᆖહནყ

೏Δࠡᖂᄐګ༉Ոყ೏Ζ

(Բ)୮९ᏝଖᨠΕඒߛཚඨΔא֗ඒᕆ۩೯ࠠڶ᧩ထઌᣂΚ୮९ඒߛᏝଖᨠ ᐙ᥼ඒߛཚඨհ೏܅ၞۖᐙ᥼՗Ֆඒᕆ۩೯Ζ

(Կ)լٵषᆖહན୮९ࠡඒᕆֱڤΰᘣ՗յ೯Ε፿ߢᑓڤαڶ᧩ထ஁ฆΖ (؄)լٵषᆖહནᖂسࠡᖂ฾ᇷᄭΰᓰ؆ᇖ฾Εᖂ฾ޗறΕٖၵ੒೯ፖ֮֏

ࠨᖿαڶ᧩ထ஁ฆΚ୮९षᆖહནყ೏ࠡ՗Ֆ୮அᖂ฾ᇷᄭყ᠆༄Δყڶܗ࣍༼

೏ᖂᄐګ༉Ζ

(ն)լٵषᆖહན୮९ࠡᖂ฾೶ፖΰᘣஃյ೯Εᛀ਷ᜤ࿮᡻ΕᓰᄐਐᖄΕᇢ ছᄷໂᇢ৵ᓤ฾αڶ᧩ထ஁ฆΚ೏षᆖહན୮९ᖂ฾೶ፖყᗨᄕΔࠡ՗Ֆᖂᄐګ

༉Ոყ೏Ζ

ʭăࠂՀᆺΏ!

࿝ृ௅ᖕ۩ਙೃ׌ૠ๠ΰ2001αอૠፕקᗼؑൕᄐԳՑ៭ᄐᣊܑ։ᣊΔא֗

ፕקؑਙࢌຟؑ࿇୶ݝΰ2001αࢬ๵ቤհፕקᗼؑՒچܓشΔࠉᅃຟؑᆖᛎ੒೯ ፖ८ᘜ࿇୶ऱणउΔലፕקᗼؑࠉݧቤ։੡؄ଡ೴ჇΔࠀא։ᐋᙟᖲࢼᑌऱֱڤ ࢼ࠷ᑌءᖂீΖ

༉ፕקؑۖߢΔรԫᐋ੡Օڜ೴Δ᥆࣍խขၸ్ᖄٻऱࡺ۰೴഑ΙรԲᐋ࣪

՞Εॾᆠૠ྽೴Δࠡᆖᛎ੒೯᙮᜗Δ᥆࣍ᄅᘋຟؑীΙรԿᐋᆄဎ೴Δࠡᆖᛎ੒

೯Ժբ๯ᄅᘋຟᄎ೸എࢬ࠷זΔ᥆࣍۔៱ຟؑ೴Ιร؄ᐋष՗Εᣂྀԫ൅Δ᥆࣍

ᆖᛎ੒೯೯Ժᜳஇऱᢰၾچ೴Ζ༉ፕקᗼֱ૿ΔࣨᖯΕխࡉΕةࡉࠡᆖᛎ੒೯ፖ ८ᘜ࿇୶੡ፕקᗼհଈ૞ΔԯਢรԫᐋຟᄎীৄؑΖรԲᐋᄅ๗Ε௠՞ΕնैΕ

ࣥՑ࿛چ೴Δࠡขᄐ࿨ዌא໎Ժയႃऱ፹ທᄐ੡׌ၗΔڂڼᇠԳՑิګ௽ࢤԯਢ אݾ๬ՠΕ᧯Ժՠ࿛៴Ꮖၸ్੡׌૞ᆢႃ։ؒΖร؄ᐋࡓࣥΕԿ॒Εᅗ॑࿛ۯ࣍

ፕקᗼऱᢰၾچ൅Δࠡᆖᛎ੒೯Ժፖՠ೸࿇୶ለլཏሙΔط࣍چ෻೴ۯՕڍ։ؒ

࣍՞೴ࢨᛍ௧Δڂڼᇠ೴഑ԳՑխڶለ೏ֺࠏൕࠃልΕࣥΕድΕड࿛៭ᄐΖ׼؆

รԿᐋᦉዚΕᖫࣥΕ෡ܾ࿛چ೴Δط࣍տ࣍รԲᐋፖร؄ᐋհၴΔᇠچ೴၏ᠦຟ ᄎ೴ለ᎛Ծլݙ٤᥆࣍ᢰၾچ൅Δڂڼലࠡូᣊ੡รԿᐋΖ

(14)

࿝ृࠉᖕፕקᗼؑࢬ೴։ऱ؄ଡ೴഑։ܑࢼנԲࢬᖂீ٥ૠԼքࢬഏا՛

ᖂΔၞۖ։ܑڇᑌءᖂீխᙟᖲࢼנքڣ్ԫଡఄ్Δ٥੡Լքଡᑌءఄ్ 523 ۯᖂسא܂੡ം࠴ᓳ਷ऱኙွΖءઔߒ٥ࢼ࠷ᑌء 523 ԳΔം࠴ڃگ 490 ٝΔڃ گ෷੡ 93.7%Ζ׼؆Δط࣍࠹ૻ࣍࠹๶ኙွऱ಻ٽრᣋΔڂڼءઔߒආ࠷ᖲᄎᙇ ᑌऱֱڤᙇᖗ࠹๶ृΔܓشം࠴ᓳ਷ழᇬംᣋრ൷࠹๶ᓫऱ۞ᣋृΔᗴᙇฤٽء ઔߒ๻ૠհषᆖહནਐᑑ٥ૠ 23 ۯ࠹๶୮९Ζ

Ͳăဂފുӕ!

)Ι*໔Ͻၥਟ୰ڢ፡ࢥႆแ!

1.ψᖂسᖂᄐګ༉ᓳ਷।ωΚطઔߒृᐛޣ్ٚ۔ஃፖઌᣂԳ୉ऱٵრΔ۞ᖂ سᖂᤄᇷற᡻խݻᙕᑌءᖂسڇնڣ్ՂΕՀᖂཚհഏ፿ΕᑇᖂΕ۞ྥΕषᄎ࿛

؄ઝᖂཚ᜔ګᜎΔ੡ᝩ܍ٺீەᠲᣄ৫լԫ֗ေ։ᑑᄷլٵհᎄ஁Δءઔߒലፕ קᗼؑԼքࢬഏا՛ᖂքڣ్ᖂسᖂᄐګ༉Δאఄ్੡໢ۯ᠏֏੡ T ։ᑇၞ۩อ ૠᇷற։࣫Ζ

2.ψᖂس୮९षᆖહནം࠴ᓳ਷।ωΚطٺఄ్ٚ۔ஃ࿇ڃᨃᖂس൅ڃ୮ᓮ୮ ९ჄᐊΖءઔߒࠉᖕ୮९ࢬჄᙇऱ៭ᄐՠ܂֗ࠠ᧯៭ጠၞ۩ᒳᒘΔٵᒘऱ៭ᄐ᥆ ࢤԯၞ۩៭ᄐᣊܑऱូᣊΖᇠូᣊऱࠉᖕԯਢא۩ਙೃ׌ૠ๠ΰ1992αࢬ٨ᜰऱ Լႈ៭ᄐᣊܑ܂੡୮९៭ᄐഗءូᣊհᑑᄷΔ׼۩ᏺףᇷขፖ۞ᛜ೸ၸ్Δאᒳ

፹ฤٽءઔߒ୮९षᆖچۯհ៭ᄐᣊܑΖࠡ։ᣊኙᅃ।ڕ। 1 ࢬقΖʳ )Π*፴Ͻၥਟ୰ڢ፡ࢥႆแ!

࿝ृಾኙം࠴ᓳ਷ڃ៿խ।ࣔᣋრ൷࠹ၞԫޡ๶ᓫΔ׊ᗴᙇฤٽءઔߒ๻ૠ հषᆖહན։ᣊ٥ 23 ۯ୮९ၞ۩෡৫ජᓫΖޢڻජᓫழၴ່९੡ 75 ։ᤪ່࿍੡

45։ᤪΔءઔߒᖵ࿓٥ၞ۩ 23 ڻජᓫΖ

(15)

ے1! ΏࠂՀᕛ๾෦঻ᔪᘸჄ˛ർΕ੽ᕛ๾˷ᘸ˞ဇັے

ຏǺȐȑж߄ᙍ཰໘ቫ฻ભ

དྷă̶ژᄃ੅ኢ

ʙăࣜ۝ڥ༄ࠧು˞ൖ်ϰশჄደΡደ๾Й౷ᘰᒒؒ!

)Ι*ড়ߝఀىแ࡙П७!

ط। 2 ᑇᖕ࿇෼ᙟထ୮९ඒߛ࿓৫ყ೏Δᖂسഏ፿ΕᑇᖂΕषᄎΕ۞ྥ࿛ٺ ઝᖂᄐګ༉Ոყ೏ऱߓอࢤ᝟ႨΔ୮९ඒߛ࿓৫੡ψՕᖂאՂωृΔࠡ՗Ֆٺઝ

ے2! ࣜ۝଀ՉുݙჄደΡደ๾Й౷˞΁үᆵ˷ٙے

੽ჭT˷ᆵ ᆵደT˷ᆵ ڥ๼T˷ᆵ ьഓT˷ᆵ ደ๾Й౷T

˷ᆵ

଀Չുݙ Գᑇ ؓ݁ ᑑᄷ஁ ؓ݁ ᑑᄷ஁ ؓ݁ ᑑᄷ஁ ؓ݁ ᑑᄷ஁ ؓ݁ ᑑᄷ஁

˃ደĞҤğ̾ʰ 82 54.48 7.20 54.85 5.86 54.04 7.28 53.96 7.40 54.72 6.44 ટࠋ 73 52.22 9.47 52.96 8.79 53.09 8.90 52.39 9.08 53.05 9.06

਽ᕛ 170 50.33 9.03 49.55 8.82 50.13 8.70 49.90 9.25 49.94 8.83

੽˛ 113 46.98 9.90 47.64 11.01 47.30 11.09 47.93 10.54 47.24 10.54

੽ˉĞҤğ̾ʮ 44 44.43 12.53 43.82 12.39 43.79 11.30 44.34 11.53 43.48 12.26 ϒ᝝ 482 50 9.84 50 9.84 50 9.84 50 9.84 50 9.84

˛ർΕ੽ᕛ๾˷ᘸ஑ˤЩ࢓ࡏ ΏࠂՀᕛ๾෦঻ᔪᘸ

෼ݰ૨Գ ૨ࡴូ੡റᄐ֗ݾ๬ጥ෻ၸ్ΔՓࡴូ੡ݾ๬ၸ్

اრז।Ε۩ਙΰٞᄐα׌ጥΕᆖ෻Գ റᄐԳ୉

Ղᐋറᄐ֗ݾ๬ጥ෻ၸ్(1)

ݾ๬Գ୉א֗ܗ෻റᄐԳ୉

ࠃ೭ՠ܂Գ୉

ࣚ೭ՠ܂Գ୉֗ഇຄ୉

תറᄐࢤΕࣚ೭ࢤ֗ࢍᐋጥ෻ၸ్(3)

ݾ๬ՠ֗ڶᣂՠ܂Գ୉ ݾ๬ࢤၸ్(4) ልࣥድडՠ܂Գ୉

ᖲඳ๻ໂᖙ܂ՠ֗ิᇘՠ ॺݾ๬ՠ֗᧯Ժՠ

תݾ๬֗ॺݾ๬ࢤၸ్(5)

ᇷขፖ۞ᛜ೸ၸ్(2)

(16)

ऱᖂᄐګ༉ؓ݁੡ 54.72 ፖ୮९ඒߛ࿓৫੡ψഏ՛אՀωृΔࠡ՗Ֆٺઝऱᖂᄐ ګ༉ؓ݁੡ 43.48Δࠟิհၴܧ෼ᄕጤऱኙֺ஁ฆΖࠡխඒߛ࿓৫ٺิၴ஁ฆൣݮ ਢܡሒࠩอૠՂऱრᆠΔ࿝ृലၞԫޡܓش໢ڂ՗᧢ฆᑇ։࣫ΰOne-Way ANOVAα

ၞ۩ە᧭Ζࠡ࿨࣠ڕ। 3 ࢬقΚ

ے3! ࣜ۝଀ՉുݙჄደΡደ๾Й౷˞ᝐ୴ᆵ˷ٙăᘰᒒ઼ݙ

̅Scheffeձݣ̨ྲྀဢࡌے

ᝐ෶ ᝐ୴վປ ᖔү࣯΁ַ̟ьΥݙ ү̟ F Eta Scheffeձݣ̨ྲྀ

ิၴ 4416.45 4 1104.11

੽ჭ ิփ 42183.55 477 88.44 12.49* .308+++ 5Ї3Δ5Ї2Δ5Ї1 4Ї2Δ4Ї1Δ3Ї1

ิၴ 4903.27 4 1225.82

ᆵደ ิփ 41696.73 477 87.42 14.02+ .324+++ 5Ї3Δ5Ї2Δ5Ї1 4Ї2Δ4Ї1Δ3Ї1

ิၴ 4560.92 4 1140.23

ڥ๼ ิփ 42039.08 477 88.13 12.94* .313+++ 5Ї3Δ5Ї2Δ5Ї1 4Ї2Δ4Ї1Δ3Ї1

ิၴ 3601.39 4 900.35

ьഓ ิփ 42998.61 477 90.14 9.99+ .278+++ 5Ї3Δ5Ї2Δ5Ї1 4Ї2Δ4Ї1Δ3Ї1

ิၴ 5238.70 4 1309.68 ደ๾!

Й౷ ิփ 41361.30 477 86.71 15.10+ .335+++ 5Ї3Δ5Ї2Δ5Ї1 4Ї2Δ4Ї1Δ3Ї1 ຏǺ1Ǵ2Ǵ3Ǵ4Ǵ5 ϩձж߄୯λȐ֖ȑаΠǵ୯ύǵଯύᙍǵ஑ࣽǵεᏢȐ֖ȑа΢

*p < .05 **p < .01 ***p < .001

ط। 3 ᑇᖕ᧩قΔլٵ୮९հඒߛ࿓৫ኙ࣍ᖂسഏ፿ΕᑇᖂΕषᄎΕ۞ྥ࿛

ٺઝᖂᄐګ༉ऱ।෼ژڇࣔ᧩ऱ஁ฆࢤΔEta ։ܑ੡ .31Ε.32Ε.31Δא֗ .28Ζࠡ

խඒߛ࿓৫ٺิऱ஁ฆൣݮױط Scheffe ࠃ৵ֺለ࿨࣠࿇෼Δ୮९ඒߛ࿓৫ڇψՕ ᖂאՂωृΔࠡᖂسᖂᄐګ༉೏࣍୮९ඒߛ࿓৫੡ψ೏խ៭ωΕψഏխωፖψഏ՛ω ऱᖂسΙ׼؆Δ୮९ඒߛ࿓৫ڇψറઝωृΔࠡᖂسᖂᄐګ༉೏࣍୮९ඒߛ࿓৫

੡ψഏխωፖψഏ՛ωิऱᖂسΖطڼױवΔࠐ۞࣍୮९੡೏ඒߛ࿓৫ิڕψറ ઝωΕψՕᖂאՂωऱᖂسΔࠡഏ፿ΕᑇᖂΕषᄎΕ۞ྥ࿛ٺઝᖂᄐګ༉ཏሙ೏࣍

܅ඒߛ࿓৫ิڕψഏխωፖψഏ՛ωऱᖂسΖ

(17)

)Π*ড়ߝᙛཾ᜸տП७!

ے4 ࣜ۝ᕛ๾ᘸѿჄደΡደ๾Й౷˞΁үᆵ˷ٙے

੽ჭT˷ᆵ ᆵደT˷ᆵ ڥ๼T˷ᆵ ьഓT˷ᆵ ደ๾Й౷T

˷ᆵ ᕛ๾ᘸѿ Գᑇ ؓ݁ ᑑᄷ஁ ؓ݁ ᑑᄷ஁ ؓ݁ ᑑᄷ஁ ؓ݁ ᑑᄷ஁ ؓ݁ ᑑᄷ஁

ʰᅹ႓୩ટ๾Ӭ௚ 84 54.67 7.21 54.60 5.92 54.38 7.75 54.32 8.00 54.83 6.91 ཥ୰Ⴤьᑊ੦ 96 51.89 7.41 52.43 8.62 51.74 7.57 51.79 8.17 52.24 7.62

׻ᅹ႓୩͘ટ๾وਜ਼ 94 50.87 8.51 50.50 9.12 50.85 9.15 51.29 8.25 51.01 8.60 Ӭ௚ˎ 91 49.05 10.21 48.42 9.54 49.73 9.17 48.84 10.23 48.82 10.09

͘Ӭ௚ჄۨӬ௚ˎ 117 45.13 11.69 45.30 11.59 44.96 11.70 45.30 11.16 44.80 11.47 ϒ᝝ 482 50.00 9.84 50.00 9.84 50.00 9.84 50.00 9.84 50.00 9.84 ط। 4 ؓ݁ᑇֺለ։࣫խױא࿇෼ᙟထ୮९៭ᄐᣊܑყ೏Δᖂسഏ፿ΕᑇᖂΕ षᄎΕ۞ྥ࿛ٺઝᖂᄐګ༉Ոყ೏ऱߓอࢤ᝟ႨΔ୮९៭ᄐᣊܑ੡ψՂᐋጥ෻റ ᄐݾ๬ωृΔࠡ՗Ֆٺઝऱᖂᄐګ༉ؓ݁੡ 54.83 ፖ୮९៭ᄐᣊܑ੡ψתݾ๬ፖ ॺݾ๬ՠωृΔࠡ՗Ֆٺઝऱᖂᄐګ༉ؓ݁੡ 44.80Δࠟิհၴܧ෼ᄕጤऱኙֺ஁

ฆΖࠡխ៭ᄐᣊܑٺิၴ஁ฆൣݮߠ। 5Ζ

ط। 5 ANOVA ։࣫࿨࣠᧩قΔ୮९៭ᄐᣊܑڇᖂسऱഏ፿ΕᑇᖂΕषᄎΕ

۞ྥ࿛ᖂઝՂ݁ሒࠩ᧩ထࢤऱ஁ฆΔEta ։ܑ੡ .30Ε.31Ε.29Δא֗ .30Ζࠡխ៭

ᄐᣊܑٺၸᐋऱ஁ฆൣݮױط Scheffe ࠃ৵ֺለ࿨࣠࿇෼Δ୮९៭ᄐᣊܑൕࠃψՂ ᐋᆖ෻റᄐݾ๬ωᣊܑΔࠡᖂسᖂᄐګ༉ཏሙ೏࣍୮९៭ᄐᣊܑ৫੡ψݾ๬ՠωΕ ψתݾ๬ፖॺݾ๬ՠωᣊܑΖ

(18)

ے5!!!! ࣜ۝ᕛ๾ᘸѿჄደΡደ๾Й౷˞ᝐ୴ᆵ˷ٙăᘰᒒ઼ݙ

̅Scheffeձݣ̨ྲྀဢࡌے

ᝐ෶ ᝐ୴

վປ ᖔү࣯

΁ַ̟ ьΥݙ ү̟ F Eta Scheffeձݣ̨ྲྀ

ิၴ 5106.67 4 1276.67

੽ჭ ิփ 41493.33 477 86.99 17.05+ .299+++ 5Ї2Δ 5Ї1Δ 4Ї1Δ3Ї1

ิၴ 5099.36 4 1274.84

ᆵደ ิփ 41500.64 477 87.03 14.68+ .309+++ 5Ї2Δ 5Ї1Δ 4Ї1Δ3Ї1

ิၴ 4950.46 4 1237.62

ڥ๼ ิփ 41649.54 477 87.32 14.65+ .288+++ 5Ї2Δ 5Ї1Δ 4Ї1Δ3Ї1

ิၴ 4740.69 4 1185.17

ьഓ ิփ 41859.31 477 87.76 14.17+ .299+++ 5Ї2Δ 5Ї1Δ 4Ї1Δ3Ї1

ิၴ 5828.48 4 1457.12 ደ๾

Й౷ ิփ 40771.52 477 85.48 13.51+ .322+++ 5Ї2Δ 5Ї1Δ 4Ї1Δ3Ї1 ຏǺ1Ǵ2Ǵ3Ǵ4Ǵ5 ϩձж߄ъמೌᆶߚמೌπǵמೌπǵۭቫᆅ౛ъ஑཰ᆶ୍ܺǵ

ၗౢᆶԾᔼ୘ǵ΢ቫᆅ౛஑཰מೌ

*p < .05 **p < .01 ***p < .001

ʠăࣜ۝ڥ༄ࠧು˞ጣുϰশჄደΡደ๾Й౷ᘰᒒؒ!

طছ૪ࢬ֗୮அषᆖહནයٙኙ࣍ଡԳᖂᄐګ༉ऱᐙ᥼ࠀॺݙ٤៶طאՂ୮ ९षᆖહནհ࿨ዌڂైࢬᖄીΔࠃኔՂژڇ࣍լٵ୮९षᆖહནऱᖵ࿓ڂైթਢ ᖄીᖂᄐګ༉஁ฆऱᣂ᝶଺ڂΖ୮९ᏝଖᨠലᖄીլٵᣊীऱඒᕆֱڤΕᖂ฾೶

ፖΔא֗ᖂ฾ᇷᄭऱ༼ࠎΔࠡխ։૪ऱᣊؾץਔᘣ՗յ೯Ε፿ߢᑓڤΕᛀுᜤ࿮

᡻Εᘣஃյ೯ΕᓰᄐਐᖄΕᄷໂەᇢΕᛀಘە࠴Εᓰ؆ᇖ฾Εٖၵ੒೯ፖ֮֏ࠨ ᖿΕ୮அᛩቼհᖂ฾ޗற࿛ႈؾΔط࣍ٺଡᣊؾ࢖ڼհၴյ੡ڂ࣠ᣂᜤΔڂڼ࿝

ृၞԫޡലᇠ։࣫ᣊؾհ᧤ᙀႉݧ܂੡ᄗਔ֏ऱᇞᤩፖᎅࣔΖ )Ι*ޥငधශᇄ໦઻ޥҺᆩ๜዁༭юϚӣޟቋ঄ᢎ!

ඒߛ࿓৫ፖ៭ᄐᣊܑऱ೏܅ᖄ֧נլٵषᄎၸᐋհषٌጻ࿮Δ୮९ڇࢬ᥆ऱ षٌഎխ࢖ڼ։ࠆᆖ᧭Εٌངಛஒࠀ׊ഗ࣍ઌۿऱඒߛ࿓৫୲࣐ᕩፋ٥ٵऱᏝଖ ᨠΔၞۖᖄ֧נ୮९ኙ۞ߪࢬආ࠷ऱඒᕆֱڤ਍ڶլٵऱᎁवፖཚඨΖԫۯൕࠃ

(19)

ჺሎՠऱ୮९ڕڼᎅሐΚȨך჊ѝԖ᠐ډ߃ύԾρΨόޕၰा࡛ሶ௲ୟǴךॺ଺π ޑΨؒ᠐ϙሶਜǴεৎΨࢂ೭ኬעλ࠸ᎦډεǾǾȩǶࠃኔՂΔլٵऱᏝଖᨠࢬႿ ທנኙ՗Ֆඒߛګ༉ऱཚඨᚨފዝެࡳࢤऱ׌ᨠڂైΖඒߛ࿓৫ګ੡ଡԳ೴ܑ៭

೭چۯऱૹ૞ਐᑑΔۖઌኙ࣍ඒߛၸᐋࢬᓿղ࠹ඒृᗑ௽ऱᏝଖᨠΔၞԫޡፖଡ ԳދԵՠ܂៭໱խऱᛩቼ౧࿮ٌյݮګᄅऱᏝଖ᧯ߓΖژڇ࣍ઌٵൕᄐृհၴऱ յ೯ᣂএ࢓࢓࿇୶נᣊۿऱᏝଖᨠΔץਔඒߛפ౨ऱᎁवፖඒߛཚඨΔא֗ᖄᄭ

۞ઌۿᏝଖ᧯ߓՀࢬ୶ၲऱࠠ᧯۩೯࿜ฃՈܧ෼ཏٵࢤΖطԫۯ೏խඒஃࠡඒᕆ

ֱڤױ൓ࠩࣔ᧩ऱ᧭ᢞΚ

Ȩӕ٣ϐ໔۶Ԝ൩཮ಠ࠸ηޑୢᚒǴႽдޑՉࣁǵфፐБय़܈ࢂব΋ৎ मЎ௲ޑࡐӳǴᗋԖ࡛ሶуமдޑኧᏢǵວϙሶ௴วኧᏢޑ௲׷ǾǾӭ ъ൩ࢂ࿶ᡍϩ٦୚ǾǾȩ

طՂ૪๶ᓫ֧֮ױवΔඒߛ࿓৫ᖄીլٵषٌጻ࿮ທګ୮९ڇ൷࠹ඒߛಛஒ ᖲᄎՂऱ஁ฆΔၞۖᐙ᥼୮९ਐᖄ՗ՖᓰᄐऱֱڤΖ᧩ྥऱΔ୮९षᆖહནፖᖂ سᖂᄐګ༉հၴژڇ೏৫ऱᣂᜤࢤΔڼጟᣂᜤࢤࠐ۞࣍լٵषᆖહནऱ୮९ڇچ ۯ࠷൓ऱሁஉխ࠹ࠩඒߛ࿓৫ፖ៭ᄐᣊܑհٌյᐙ᥼Δא֗ၸ్હནࢬൎ֏ऱඒ ߛᏝଖᨠࠌྥΖ

)Π*ড়ߝఀىቋ঄ᢎ஠ᏲमϚӣแ࡙ޟఀى෈ఖ!

լٵषᄎၸ్ऱ୮९ኙ࣍ඒߛཚඨࣄ਍ထլٵऱᨠរΔڼጟᨠរԯਢಳᄩ࣍

լٵඒߛ࿓৫ऱ୮९ਢܡ౨ജ᧯ᎁࠩᖂᖵፖ֮ᖇ੡ࠡ៭ᄐၸᐋࢬທګऱጟጟᐙ᥼

ࢤΔڂۖലڼጟ᧯᧭ދ୴࣍Հԫזऱᖂ฾।෼ՂΖط࣍ඒߛ࿓৫ऱ೏܅ਢषᄎՕ ฒ༼೏षᆖچۯऱ׌૞ຜஉΔ֮ᖇፖᖂᖵګ੡៭೭چۯ࠷൓ऱ່ࠋܓᕴΔڂڼඒ ߛ੡षᄎՕฒ൅ࠐऱࠠ᧯פ౨ঁਢ༼ࠎ៭ᄐ్֒ऱሂࣨΖԫۯᖜٚᢐᐗᆖ෻ऱ୮ ९ڕڼ༴૪Κ

ȨǾǾԿϿाۺډεᏢ܈ࢂࣴز܌ωՉୟǼգ࣮౜ӧεᏢᏢᐕ൩ӳКך ॺа߻ଯύᏢᐕ΋ኬǴԖଯύ౥཰൩ёаפډৡόӭޑπբǼٗգԖε ᏢЎᏧޑ྽ฅКձΓၨԖᐒ཮ϲᎂୟǼȩ

(20)

ۯࡺՂᐋ៭ᄐᣊܑऱ୮९ޓ౨᧯᧭ࠩඒߛފዝषᄎچۯੌ೯ऱૹ૞ࢤΔڼጟ ૹ૞ࢤԯਢᘣߪ᧯ᄎ֮ᖇፖ៭ᄐऱയ֊ᣂᜤΖઌ֘ऱΔ໎ՠၸ్ऱ୮९ءߪլਢ

֮ᖇፖᖂᖵऱ࠹༡ृΔኙ࣍՗Ֆለ܅ऱᖂᄐګ༉ٍܧ෼נ௣ᄕऱඒߛཚඨΔԫۯ ൕࠃֽሽՠऱ୮९ᎁ੡Κψдόࢂ᠐ਜޑ਑୚Ǽך࣮даࡕ൩ၟך΋ଆᏢНႝКၨ

ჴӧǼωΖངߢհΔխՂၸ్୮९ֺ໎ՠၸ్୮९ለࠠڶඒߛפ౨ऱᤚवΔഗ࣍ڼ ጟᏝଖᨠᖄٻޓףס᧩נլٵषᆖહན୮९ኙ࣍՗ՖඒߛऱૹီፖཚඨΖ

)έ*ఀىቋ঄ᢎלԙϚӣޥငधශড়ߝᄂ፺ڎᡝ՗ଢ଼ޟкӰ!

1.ᛀுᜤ࿮᡻ऱֱڤ֘ᚨ୮९ऱᖂ฾೶ፖΔא֗ᓰ투ᖄኪ৫

೏षᆖહནऱ୮९ֺ܅षᆖહནऱ୮९ޓૹီ՗Ֆᜤ࿮᡻ऱᛀ਷࿓ݧΔլႛ

גาுኙ՗Ֆਢܡݙګޢԫႈ୮அ܂ᄐΔޓၞԫޡࠠڶ౨Ժ࠰ܗ՗Ֆᛀီᖂ฾ᙑ ᎄΖԫۯᖜٚሽᆰՠ࿓ஃऱ୮९।قΚȨᖄ๎ᛛ؂Ϻ೿ा࣮Ǵךा؃բ཰৾ၸٰ΋

໨໨ਡჹǼ೭ኬωޕၰдব္ό཮ǴёаϷਔံ௱όᔉޑᢀۺǾǾȩڂڼຘመᜤ

࿮᡻ᛀ਷ऱመ࿓ΔೈԱ౨ജԱᇞ՗Ֆڇீऱᖂ฾ൣउΕ༳༽ᖂઝऱᖂ฾ၞ৫א؆Δ ୮९ٍ౨៶طீኙ՗Ֆڃ୮פᓰऱመ࿓խΔᔞ֊࠰ܗ՗Ֆڇᓰᄐᖂ฾ՂऱܺቼΔ ࠀ׊༼ࠎᇖൎऱ܂شΖྥۖΔԫۯൕࠃ෎ᑥՠऱ୮९ኙ࣍ᜤ࿮᡻ऱᛀுൣݮঞᎅ ሐΚȨךࡐϿ๏дᔠࢗԖؒԖᒱǴѳத൩ޔௗᛝӜКၨӭǾǾȩৰ᧩ྥऱΔ܅षᆖ હནऱ୮९ೈԱऴ൷᡽ټհ؆Δធ֟૞ޣ՗Ֆނڃ୮פᓰஞנࠐᛀ਷Δڂڼ՗Ֆ ਢܡݙګԱ୮அ܂ᄐΔ੷۟୮அ܂ᄐਢܡנ෼ᙑᎄऱຝ։୮९Ոྤൕ൓वΖڼጟ ᑆ૜ᚨבڤऱᛀுመ࿓լႛྤऄᒔኔᅮᖄ՗ՖᓰᄐΔޓᣄא༳༽՗Ֆޢ֚ऱᖂ฾

ၞ৫ፖ।෼Ζ

2.୮९೶ፖ՗Ֆᓰᄐᖂ฾ऱኪ৫ፖߡۥ୶෼լٵऱඒߛᏝଖᨠ (1)ᓰᄐਐᖄֱ૿

լٵषᆖહནऱ୮९ފዝլٵᓰ투ᖄृߡۥΔࠡᣂ᝶ڂైԯਢ୮९ኙ՗Ֆ ᓰᄐऱૹီ֗ඒߛ࿓৫೏܅ࢬીΖ೏षᆖહནऱ୮९ഗ࣍ءߪኙඒߛᏝଖᨠऱૹ

ီࠀ׊რᢝࠩ՗Ֆᓰᄐᚌ٭ኙ࣍آࠐ༉ᄐऱᐙ᥼ࢤΔڂۖኙ՗Ֆᓰ투ᖄආ࠷ᎁ టᣤ᠃ऱኪ৫ΖࠡڻΔ೏षᆖહན୮९ࠡඒߛ࿓৫ߩאڇ՗Ֆᓰᄐ૿ᜯܺቼழᔞ ᅝފዝᇞ༝ृऱߡۥΔڂ౨ܛழᇖඑ՗Ֆᖂ฾ऱ౒ዥΖᇨڕԫۯ׃ઝ᠔سᎅሐΚψд ኧᏢКၨ১Ǵךॺ൩ճҔൣǵපଷஏ໣௲дǴӃ๏д୷ҁޑᢀۺǴд໒ᏢࡕᏢଆ

(21)

ٰ൩ࡐᇸ᚞ΑǼωઌ֘ऱΔ܅षᆖહན୮९ለ֟ਐᖄ՗ՖᓰᄐΔࠡ׌ڂԯ࠹ૻ࣍

ለ܅ऱඒߛ࿓৫ڂۖᣄאᖜ૤ದඒᖄऱפ౨ΔȨךࡐϿѐݙཀд୚ǼႽдԖό཮ޑ фፐךΨόޕၰୟǼךѝ᠐ډ୯λব཮௲дᇥǾǾȩȐεኴᆅ౛঩ȑǶৰ᧩ྥऱΔ ᇠ୮९ຘ᥻נ࣋ٚऱጥඒኪ৫ፖᓰ투ᖄᑓڤΔڼጟ෼ွլႛܧ෼נ௣ᄕऱඒߛ ᏝଖᨠΔຑ൅ऱ֘ਠ୮९ኙ՗Ֆೣ܅ऱඒߛཚඨΖ

(2)ᄷໂەᇢፖᛀಘە࠴ֱ૿

ط࣍೏षᆖહནऱ୮९ࠡඒߛ࿓৫ཏሙೣ೏Δڇᄷໂەᇢऱመ࿓խ࢓࢓ีᗨ ᗑ௽ऱଡԳګפᆖ᧭൓אႚ඄՗Ֆ૿ኙەᇢΖȨǾǾ௲дਔ໔ϩଛ࡛ሶྗഢԵ ၂ǾǾǴќѦႽдኧᏢό཮ޑǴך൩עλᇥޑݓфӜӷϯԋኧᏢޑБԄǴךޑ؂

΋঺БԄ೿Ԗ΋ঁݓфӜӷǾǾȩȐଯύ௲ৣȑǶ֘ᨠ܅षᆖહནऱ୮९ኙ࣍՗Ֆ ᄷໂەᇢऱኪ৫᧩ྥለ೏षᆖહནऱ୮९௣ᄕΔԫۯੑ߫ՠ୮९ڕڼᎅሐΚψךा

ԆୟǼך൩ҬждाԵ၂೭൳Ϻόाވႝ୏ǵόाрѐາǴό཮ޑाୢۊۊ೭ኬ η୚ǾǾǼωڼጟ෼ွլႛ֘ਠנ܅षᆖહནऱ୮९ؘႊक़၄ለڍለ९ऱழၴ࣍

ՠ܂ՂΔٵழՈ௬෼נ࠹ૻ࣍ඒߛ࿓৫ೣ܅ऱ୮९ΔࠡءߪྤԺފዝ՗Ֆᓰ투 ᖄߡۥΔڂۖല࠰ܗ՗Ֆᚨᇢऱຂٚ᠏տ࣍הԳΖ

׼؆ڇᛀಘە࠴ֱ૿ΔȨǾǾךό཮࣮ϩኧǴךКၨ཮࣮дޑ؁ᡯၟीᆉޑၸ ำǴ೭ኬவၸำ္य़ωૈޕၰдব္όᔉǴךωޕၰा࡛ሶѐ௲дǾǾȩȐቶ֋ᕴ ᅱȑǶ೏षᆖહནऱ୮९ᎁ੡՗Ֆᑇᖂऱᇞᠲመ࿓ֺ່ึޣ൓ऱ࿨࣠ޓଖ൓ࣹრΔ

ࠡ଺ڂԯڇ࣍ຘመ՗Ֆᑇᖂሎጩऱ࿓ݧ౨ജޓ෎ᄑԱᇞ՗Ֆ৸ە᧤ᙀਢܡڶᎄΔ ڂۖ౨ኙ఑Հᢐܛழ࿯ղ࠰ܗΖྥۖΔ܅षᆖહནऱ୮९࢓࢓࢙ီᛀಘە࠴ኙ࣍

՗Ֆᖂ฾ᇖඑऱᐙ᥼ԺΔڂۖੌ࣍ݮڤՂऱ᡽ټΖψԵڔόࢂӧᏢਠԴৣ൩๏дु

҅ၸΑǻٗд৾ӣٰᇥԴৣाᛝӜǴך൩๏дᛝӜ࣮Ե൳ϩǾǾωȐৎ৥жπȑΖ

᧩ྥऱΔ୮९ྤऄ៶طᛀಘە࠴ऱᖵ࿓Աᇞᖂ฾ᙑᎄऱ଺ڂΔ੷۟ᅝ՗Ֆ૿ᜯᖂ

฾஫މՈᣄאܛழᇖඑΖڂڼᅝ܅षᆖહན՗Ֆ๠࣍ᖂ฾ܺቼழΔ୮அඒߛྤऄ

༼ࠎଡܑਐᖄऱᖲᄎΔڕڼ༞ࢤ༛ᛩึߒᖄીᖂ฾।෼ޢउყՀऱٲᖲΖ (3)ᘣஃյ೯ऱ᙮෷Εֱڤፖᇩᠲܧ෼נլٵषᆖહན୮९ኙ՗Ֆऱᖂ฾೶

ፖΕඒᕆኪ৫Δא֗ඒߛཚඨ

೏षᆖહནऱ୮९ፖඒஃհၴঅ਍ထጹയऱᜤᢀΔψႽ໒Ꮲޑᒃৣ০ፋ཮ǵቪ

(22)

ᖄ๎ᛛǴ܈ࢂᒃԾంፋ฻೿ࢂᆶԴৣྎ೯ޑӳᐒ཮ǾǾωȐ஑ࣽᖱৣȑΔࠡ׌૞რ ቹԯਢψΑှ࠸ηӧᏢਠکӕᏢ࣬ೀޑ௃׎ǵᏢಞ௃ݩӵՖǴ܈ࢂӧৎ္Ⴝ௃ᆣ

΢ǵፐ཰΢ޑୢᚒǴ೿ёаᆶԴৣ૸௲ǾǾωȐტᓀ࿶౛ȑΖઌ֘ऱΔ܅षᆖહན ऱ୮९ፖඒஃհၴऱᘣஃյ೯ܧ෼ܐዣงᠦऱ܅ᕩፋԺীኪΔࠡ׌૞஁ฆԯڇ࣍

܅षᆖહནऱ୮९ኙ՗Ֆඒᕆኪ৫ܧ෼נ࣋ٚΕዣլᣂ֨ऱ௣ᄕ૿Δڼጟኪ৫լ

ႛࠠ᧯ऱ֘ਠנ୮९ኙ՗Ֆᖂᄐګ༉ࠀլࣄ਍መ೏ऱඒߛཚඨΔޓ੷ृڼጟཚඨ

࿓৫ၞۖᐙ᥼୮९ೣ܅ऱᖂ฾೶ፖΖᇨڕԫۯᖜٚՠᐗᖙ܂ՠऱ୮९ᎅሐΚȨၟԴ

ৣᖱԖϙሶҔǻдԴৣᖱᇥӧᏢਠԴৣ཮ᆅдǴӣٰ൩ؒᒤݤᆅୟǼӣٰ൩ࢂך ॺԾρाᆅୟǼȩ׼؆Δ༉ᘣஃյ೯ऱᇩᠲֱ૿Δ೏षᆖહན୮९ፖඒஃյ೯ᄮ ຏऱᇩᠲլႛૻ࣍ᓰᄐᖂ฾Δᝫץਔൣፃጥ෻Ε۩੡๵ᒤ࿛ᐋ૿Ζۖ܅षᆖહན ୮९௣ᄕऱᘣஃյ೯ીࠌඒஃؘႊ׌೯ऱፖ୮९ᜤᢀΔڼጟ໢ٻڤऱᄮຏլႛՕ

༏ా֏Աᇞ՗Ֆᖂ฾णउऱጥሐΔޓྤऄటإ௫֗՗Ֆᖂᄐംᠲऱு֨ྡྷរΖڂ ڼΔ܅षᆖહན୮९ፖඒஃհၴऱյ೯ֱڤࠀྤऄࠠ᧯ޏ࿳՗Ֆऱᖂ฾।෼Δ֘

ۖ٦৫ס᧩נ௣ᄕऱᖂ฾೶ፖא֗ܐዣ࣋ٚऱඒᕆኪ৫ڇᘣஃյ೯ၴऱᐙ᥼ԺΖ )Ѳ*ϚӣޥငधශϞМϽږᐭ௑ცᏲमᏰҡМϽၥҏᇄಬܒޟ৯

౴!

լٵषᆖહན୮९ڇඒᕆ՗Ֆᖵ࿓խࢬ༼ࠎऱ֮֏ࠨᖿΔץਔᘣ՗յ೯ऱ፿

ߢᑓڤΕᖂ฾ᇷᄭऱ༼ࠎΰڕᓰ؆ᇖ฾ΕनࠠΕ஼ᤄऱጟᣊፖ᥆ࢤΕሽᆰ๻ໂαΕ

ٖၵ੒೯ऱᖂ฾ࠨᖿΰڕ೶ᨠભ๬ᙴΕټ໏ײ᠌α࿛֮֏੒೯ၦΔ܂੡൶ߒψ֮

֏ᇷءωኙ࣍ᖂسᖂᄐګ༉ऱᐙ᥼Ζڼጟ֮֏ᇷءԯਢլٵषᆖહན՗Ֆ᠏֏ᖂ

฾౨Ժऱഗ៕Δڂڼءઔߒጵٽូ࿨լٵषᆖહན୮९ऱ๶ᓫ֧֮౿։૪ڕՀΚ 1.୮அ֮֏ࠨᖿᛩቼᖄીᖂسլٵ࿓৫ऱᖂ฾᠏֏౨Ժ

(1)᠆༄ڍցऱᓰ؆ᇖ฾ᖲᄎᏺൎᖂسᖂ฾ᤁञԺ

ط। 6 ᑇᖕױवΔ൷࠹ᇖ฾ऱᖂسࠡ୮९៭ᄐᣊܑ੡ψՂᐋጥ෻ΕറᄐΕݾ

๬Գ୉ωृ׭ 73.8%Δ੡ψᇷขፖ۞ᛜ೸ωृ׭ 69.8%Δۖ៭ᄐᣊܑ੡ψתݾ๬

ՠፖॺݾ๬ωृႛ׭ 37.6%Ζڼጟᑇᖕ᧩ق୮९៭ᄐᣊܑ੡ψՂᐋጥ෻ΕറᄐΕ ݾ๬Գ୉ωृࠡ՗Ֆ൷࠹ᓰ؆ᇖ฾ऱֺࠏ່೏Δࠡᕉ։಻ऱֺࠏᙟထ୮९៭೭ᣊ

ܑᎠ྇ۖՀ૾Ζᣂ࣍ݮګڼጟ஁ฆऱڂైءઔߒऱ࠹๶ृ༼ࠎԫࠄૹ૞ऱᇞᤩΖ

(23)

ے6! ࣜ۝ᕛ๾ᘸѿჄ቞ʹང஬˞κʾϖᒒے

቞ʹང஬

Ф ᒂ᝝ κʾے͚̟ᐮס

Ղᐋጥ෻റᄐݾ๬ 62 73.8%

22 26.2%

84 100%

ᇷขፖ۞ᛜ೸ 67

69.8%

29 30.2%

96 100%

ࣚ೭ࢤࢍᐋጥ෻ፖתറᄐ 65 69.1%

29 30.9%

94 100%

ݾ๬ՠ 45

52.7%

43 47.3%

91 100%

תݾ๬ՠፖॺݾ๬ 41 37.6%

73 62.4%

117 100%

۝

ѿ

՛ૠ 286

59.3%

196 40.7%

482 100%

χ2Ј39.93 pЈ.000***

Cramer’s VЈ.288

*p < .05 **p < .01 ***p < .001

୮९៭ᄐᣊܑၸᐋყ೏Δࠡ՗Ֆᖂᄐګ༉।෼ყנۥΔۖᠰ؆ऱᇖ฾ᇷᄭլ

ႛയႃࢤऱ༼ࠎ՗Ֆഗ៕ᖂઝऱᓤ฾ፖቃ฾אሒࠩڶயऱᑵᒭ৫ΖڕڼԫࠐΔ଺

ءڇᖂᄐګ༉Ղܛ׭ᚌႨऱᖂسΔຘመᓰ؆ᇖ฾ᇷᄭऱಝᒭፖࠨᖿ֘ۖีᗨޓ᡹

೜ऱᤁञ౨ԺΔޓףס᧩լٵ៭೭ၸᐋ୮அ՗Ֆऱᖂ฾౨Ժ஁ฆΖڕٵאՀᖜٚ

Ղᐋጥ෻ၸ్ऱ୮९ᎅሐΚ

Ȩдࡐλޑਔংך൩໒ۈᡣдѐௗ᝻ӭϡኧᏢǴӢࣁך᝺ளኧ౛ૈΚம ޑӧфፐᏢಞ΢ԖࡐεޑᔅշǴႽٗ٤เᚒޑמѯȁᆉኧᏢޑೲࡋᗋԖ ϸᔈΚȁ౛ှΚ೿ࢂёа૽ግрٰޑǾǾȩ

ઌ֘ऱΔ୮९៭ᄐᣊܑለ܅ऱ՗Ֆࠡഏ፿ΕᑇᖂΕषᄎΕ۞ྥ࿛ٺઝᖂᄐګ

༉ڇೣ܅ऱൣउՀΔޓᏁ૞ᓰ؆ᇖ฾ᇷᄭאᚦᇖᖂ฾౨Ժྤऄ᎔ՂՕఄඒᖂऱ౒

؈Δྥۖৰࣔ᧩ऱਢΔ៭೭ၸᐋყ܅ऱ୮९ڕψתݾ๬ՠፖॺݾ๬ωृࠡ՗Ֆ೶

ףᓰ؆ᇖ฾ऱֺࠏႛ׭ 37.6%Δ޲ڶ೶ףᓰ؆ᇖ฾ृ׭ 62.4%Ζڂڼᅝ܅षᆖહ ན՗Ֆ૿ᜯᖂ฾ܺቼথԾྤऄ៶طᓰ؆ᇖ฾ऱጥሐאሒࠩᇖඑඒᖂऱ֭གΔᖂ฾

(24)

।෼ᅝྥܧ෼Հᄶऱݝ૿Ζ

(2)஼ᤄፖनࠠऱࢤᔆΔא֗ሽᆰऱشຜ༼ࠎ՗Ֆլٵऱᖂ฾ޗறࠨᖿ

೏षᆖહན୮९ࠡᏝଖᨠࢬ૜سऱඒߛཚඨፖᗨᄕऱඒᕆֱڤΔ൓אലᆖᛎ ᚌႨ᠏֏੡՗Ֆᖂ฾ᇷᄭऱދࣹΖڇቹ஼ऱᙇ᝜Ղψך೿ࢂԋ঺ԋ঺ޑວǴᒧ᏷

дॺૈ౛ှޑਜᝤǴႽᚇᇞךவλλФႥ΋ޔुډ౜ӧФႥǴᗋԖูਜǵԾฅԭ

ࣽϙሶ೿ԖǾǾωȐࡌ೛ϦљॄೢΓȑΖ೏षᆖહན୮९Օၦ༼ࠎ՗Ֆ֮ᖂΕઝᖂ

࿛լٵᏆ഑ऱ஼ᤄΔࠀ׊ࠉᅃ՗Ֆᎁव࿇୶ᗴᙇݧ٨ࢤऱ஼ᤄΖڇनࠠᙇ᝜ֱ૿Δ ԫۯՕᖂඒ඄ຘ᥻נᙇᖗऱ೯ᖲΚ

ȨǾǾ࡫კǵᑈЕ೭ᅿёа૽ግдᡄᒠಔӝૈΚǴჹኧᏢӭϿԖቹៜޑǴ д΋ǵΒԃભӧቪΟف׎ǵБ׎ޑКၨǴႽय़ӛୢᚒǴ൳य़൳فǵय़ᑈ ελǴд೿ૈвಒޑӣเǴӢࣁдჹჴᡏԖཷۺǾǾȩ

طڼױवΔᇠ୮९ࢬ᝜ᆜऱनࠠ᥆ࢤԯਢႜٻ࣍֫ᆰࠀشΔא֗ඔ࿇৸ەऱ ఛཕীሏᚭΖྥۖΔ܅षᆖહནऱ୮९ഗ࣍ᆖᛎᚘԺऱەၦΔᖄી՗Ֆྤऄᛧ࠷

መڍऱᖂ฾ᇷᄭΔࠡխץਔ୮அ౒׎ߩജऱᔹᦰᛩቼΔլႛڇቹ஼ऱᔆፖၦՂ݁

ཏሙ܅࣍೏षᆖહནऱ՗ՖΔڇᙇ᝜՗ՖनࠠऱەၦՈڍתאनࠠऱᏝ௑Δא֗

՗Ֆऱ໛ړ੡׌૞ࠉᖕΔڂ࢙ۖฃࠩनࠠ᥆ࢤኙ࣍ඔ࿇՗Ֆ৸ە౨Ժऱᑨڇפ ౨Ζᇨڕԫۯૠ࿓߫׹ᖲᎅሐΚȨވڀ൩ࢂ΋٤ߡەޑǴд֐ाວޑǴ๏дᒿߡވ ވޑٗᅿλًޑǾǾȩᇠ୮९ኙ࣍՗Ֆᙇ᝜नࠠऱەၦԯਢഗ࣍ᆖᛎڂైፖ՗Ֆ ऱᘋᔊΔڂڼ՗Ֆऱनࠠጟᣊፖ᥆ࢤႜٻ࣍مܛױ൓Δ׊լᏁक़၄ᆰԺ৸ەঁױ אᛧ൓່ՕୡᑗऱनࠠΖ׼؆Δ༉ሽᆰ๻ໂۖߢΔψдό཮ޑǴךനதћдԾρ΢

ᆛࢗǴόฅ൩ࢂ೛ीൔ֋࠾य़ǵमЎᏢಞӀᅷ฻Ҕ೼ǾǾωȐ୯λЬҺȑΖ᧩ྥऱΔ

೏षᆖહན୮அऱ՗Ֆࠠڶ౨Ժ៶طሽᆰ๻ໂΔࠏڕΚᖂ฾٠጗ΕՂጻ਷ᇷற࿛

פ౨᎖ܗᖂ฾Ζྥۖԫۯ܅षᆖહན୮९থ֘ᚨሽᆰऱפ౨ႛ׽༼ࠎሽ೯ሏᚭऱ ୡᑗ܂شȨႝတ൩ࢂѺႝ୏നӭ୚ǾǾȩȐНݝπৎߏȑΔۿ׏ྤऄފዝඒᖂ᎖ܗ ऱߡۥΖ

)έ*ӄ໣ࣀଢ଼ᇄМϽږᐭᘗσυτᏰಬငᡛᇄሴ୿!

೏षᆖહནऱ୮९ૹီᖂீඒߛא؆ऱᖂ฾ࠨᖿڂۖक़၄ለڍழၴאᗨᄕ೶

(25)

ፖ՗Ֆऱٖၵ੒೯Δץਔߨ๶Օ۞ྥ೶๶ټ໏ײ᠌Εࣲᓾ୶ᥦ࿛֮֏੒೯אᏺף ᖂீඒߛࢬྤऄො።ऱᖂ฾ᒤᡱΔၞۖലڼጟس੒ᆖ᧭փ֏ګ੡լٵ՗Ֆऱ٣ໂ वᢝΖԫۯᖜٚ೏ᐋ׌ጥ୮९ኙڼ༼נࠡ׌૞ऱ೯ᖲΚ

ȨǾǾЬाࢂЇᏤдᑫ፪ᡣдԖό΋ኬޑᡏᡍǴჹεԾฅޑத᛽൩཮К ձΓᙦ൤೚ӭǴ೭٤൩ёаᔈҔӧᏢਠ္य़ǴӢࣁԖ٤ཷۺࢂдς࿶ௗ

᝻ၸΑᏢଆٰ൩όढ़ғǾǾȩ

ࠡڻΔ೏षᆖહནऱ୮९૞ޣ՗Ֆ೶๶ছ፦ႃઌᣂऱಛஒፖवᢝΔψ΢ӣѐ࣮

ծଭߣךॺ཮Ӄ΢ᆛפ࣬ᜢޑၗ਑ٰ࣮ǴԿϿԖঁ߃؁ཷۺǾǾωȐଯύ௲ৣȑΔ լႛ֘ᚨנ୮९ኙٖၵ੒೯ऱཚඨբլૻ࣍ୡᑗ௣᎞ऱؾऱΔޓૹ૞ऱਢ՗Ֆ౨ ܡ៶ط೶ᨠ੒೯խᖂ฾ࠩլٵऱᆖ᧭ፖवᢝΖྥۖΔ໎ՠၸ్୮அऱ՗Ֆٖࠡၵ

੒೯ؘႊ಻ٽ୮९ڶૻऱٖ೗ழၴΔڂڼᇠ୮९ڜඈऱٖၵ੒೯᙮෷ೣ܅Δ୮९

೶ፖ৫Ոլ೏Δࠀႜٻ࣍၏ᠦ२ΕլᏁ၄ழऱֆႼࢨਢਈ๶ᘣ൯੡׌ΖȨךҶଷό ڰۓǴৎ္ΨࡐϿрѐވǴനத൩ࢂѐӴߓ༰ৎǾǾȩȐး⩰πȑǶǶǶǶངߢհΔ୮९

੡՗Ֆڜඈऱٖၵ੒೯ڶૻΔ௅ءᣄא༼ࠎ՗Ֆᠰ؆ᖂ฾ࠨᖿऱᖲᄎΖᐙ᥼ڼጟ

෼ွऱᣂ᝶រԯਢ୮९ኙٖ࣍ၵ֮֏ࠨᖿൣቼऱᏝଖᨠࠌྥΖᇨڕԫۯൕࠃሽ՗

ݾ๬୉ऱ୮९ࢬຘ᥻ΚȨǾǾ৖ំഽɴКၨؒԖ୚ǼךॺΨ࣮คȐᆵᇟȑǴдΨό

഻៿ୟǼд൩ང࣮ႝຎǵѺႝ୏Զς୚Ǽȩȩȩȩৰ᧩ྥऱΔᇠ୮९ኙ՗Ֆٖၵ੒೯ࣄ

਍ထ௣ᄕऱ೶ፖ৫Δ՗Ֆᖑڶऱٖၵ੒೯ႛૻ࣍ڇ୮ᇙ઎ሽီΕ઎ደ྽࿛ୡᑗΔ

۟࣍ᓰ؆ᖂ฾ᇷᄭऱᖲᄎፖ֮֏ࠨᖿ੒೯ለ੡ຆᒃΖ

ڼጟ෼ွס᧩נ܅षᆖહནऱ୮९ۿ׏޲ڶრᢝٖࠩၵ੒೯ऱפ౨ڶܗ࣍՗

Ֆኙ࣍۞ྥΕઝᖂΕԳ֮࿛լٵᏆ഑ऱवᢝ൶౉Δא֗ࢷ୶ڍցጥሐᖂ฾ࠨᖿኙ

࣍ᖂᄐګ༉।෼ऱ෡᎛ᐙ᥼Ζ

)Π*ᒑυϣଢ଼ޟၗᚠᇄ୰ᚠЕᏲПԒלԙᇭِ዁ԒϞ৯౴!

೏षᆖહནऱ୮९ᗨᄕ໌ທࠀੴ൦ፖ՗Ֆ፿ߢٌੌऱᖲᄎΔࠏڕΚᝑਚࠃΕ ᔹᦰ஼ᤄאᏺףጹയऱᘣ՗ᣂএຑ࿨Ζ׼؆Δᘣ՗յ೯መ࿓խፖ՗Ֆಘᓵऱᒤᡱ ץਔᄅፊழࠃΕԳᎾᣂএ࿛ٺଡᐋ૿Δીࠌࠡ՗Ֆᖑڶޓڍᖲᄎಝᒭ۞աऱ፿ߢ ౨Ժא֗৸ەֱڤΔၞۖᐙ᥼ࠩ՗Ֆڇᖂ฾ֱ૿ऱ᧤ᙀං෻֗ࢼွ৸ፂΖڕٵԫ

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ۯഏ՛ඒஃኙڼᎅሐΚ

Ȩךॺ؂Ϻ೿ԖӅӕ࣮ਜǵ૸ፕޑਔ໔Ǵ൩ࢂȨৎ৥ਔ໔ȩ൩ჹΑǼϞ Ϻεৎֹ࣮΋ҁਜǴ܈ޣᏢਠޑǵཥᆪ܈ࢂ΋٤ޗ཮΢ޑ٣௃ୟǴךॺ

೿཮΋ଆಠǼǾǾ΋ᜐ૽ግдॺѐࡘԵୢᚒǴ΋ᜐ૽ግдॺਜฝޑಔᙃ

ૈΚփǼȩ

ྥۖ܅षᆖહནऱ୮९ڇงᠦীऱᘣ՗յ೯խଷኆ๺ڍᘣ՗፿ߢᄮຏऱᖲ ᄎΔᇠյ೯ྡྷរ࢓࢓ওૻ࣍ࠫڤ֏ऱᚨ࿠ȨǾǾ൩ࢂୢдфፐቪֹΑؒԖǻѐӞ

໭ΑؒǻǾǾȩȐమዅ঩ȑΔᣄא༼ࠎ՗ՖለڍऱᖲᄎಝᒭڗნᓤᠧΕ؁ऄ࿨ዌᣤ യऱ፿ߢᑓڤΔא֗ط፿ߢࢬ૜سऱ᧤ᙀ৸ە౨ԺΖڂڼլٵषᆖહནऱ՗Ֆլ

ႛڇᘣ՗յ೯ᑓڤխܧ෼ᘣയীፖงᠦীऱኙֺΔޓ੷ृΔڇ፿ߢᑓڤխՈܧ෼

נլٵऱ፿ნ෍ဲΔۖڼጟ፿ߢऱ஁ฆലᖄીլٵऱᎁव࿨ዌ֗৸ەᑓڤΔၞԫ ޡ֘ᚨ࣍ᖂீඒߛհᖂ฾౨ԺΖ

Ёăඕኢᄃޙᛉ

ʙă਽ڥ༄ࠧುደΡ֏ደ๾Й౷਽ػѳڥ༄ࠧುደΡ!

ءઔߒ࿨࣠࿇෼୮९षᆖહནፖ՗Ֆᖂᄐګ༉ࠠڶ᧩ထऱإઌᣂΔፕקᗼؑ

ഏ՛քڣ్ᖂ࿙հ୮९ඒߛ࿓৫ፖᖂᄐګ༉հઌᣂ੡.33Δ୮९៭ᄐᣊܑፖᖂᄐګ

༉հઌᣂ੡.35Δ׊୮९षᆖહནყ೏ࠡ՗Ֆᖂᄐګ༉Ոყ೏հ᝟ႨΖ୮९ඒߛ࿓

৫੡ψՕᖂאՂωृΔࠡ՗Ֆٺઝᖂᄐګ༉ؓ݁ T ։ᑇ੡ 54.72Ι੡ψഏ՛אՀω

ृΔࠡ՗Ֆٺઝؓ݁ T ։ᑇঞ૾੡ 43.48Ζ׼؆Δ୮९៭ᄐᣊܑ੡ψՂᐋጥ෻റ ᄐݾ๬ωृΔࠡ՗Ֆٺઝᖂᄐګ༉ؓ݁ T ։ᑇ੡ 54.83Δ੡ψתݾ๬ፖॺݾ๬ՠω

ृհ՗ՖΔࠡٺઝऱᖂᄐګ༉ؓ݁ঞ૾੡ 44.80Ζڼጟ෼ွኔᢞءઔߒ೗๻ԫΚլ ٵषᆖહན୮९ࠡ՗Ֆᖂᄐګ༉ࠠڶ᧩ထ஁ฆΚᖂس୮அषᆖહནყ೏Δࠡᖂᄐ ګ༉Ոყ೏Ζ

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ʠăࣜ۝଀Չᅋࢄណᆇᛪ଀Չೈଖڟ࣯୴Ă̾̅˚ϣڟ଀ኴ ဂቺ!

೏ඒߛ࿓৫୮९൓אவ֒೏࿛៭೭ၸᐋΔીࠌՂᐋ៭ᄐᣊܑऱ୮९᎛ֺ໎ՠ ၸ్ृޓ౨᧯᧭ඒߛআࠌषᄎੌ೯հإٻפ౨ΖڂڼխՂၸ్ऱ୮९਍ڶለ೏հ ඒߛཚඨΔۖᇠཚඨၞۖ᠏֏੡ᗨᄕऱඒᕆ۩೯ࠀڶܗ࣍՗Ֆᛧીᖂᄐګ༉ऱᚌ ႨΖᇠ෼ွኔᢞءઔߒ೗๻ԲΚ୮९ᏝଖᨠΕඒߛཚඨΔא֗ඒᕆ۩೯ࠠڶ᧩ထ ઌᣂΚ୮९ඒߛᏝଖᨠᐙ᥼ඒߛཚඨհ೏܅ၞۖᐙ᥼՗Ֆඒᕆ۩೯Ζ

ʭă਽ڥ༄ࠧುࣜ۝ࣤ୪ፖ຃ڟደ஬੤Ⴤծ֎᝝Ӹ။˅˄଀

ደᄄ҅ڱՏѓ!

(ԫ)ᛀுᜤ࿮᡻ऱֱڤኦ᧩լٵषᆖહན୮९հᖂ฾೶ፖΔא֗ᓰᄐਐᖄኪ ৫Ζ

(Բ)ᘣஃյ೯ऱ᙮෷ፖ׌๯೯Δ֘ᚨנլٵषᆖહན୮९ᗨᄕፖ௣ᄕհᖂ฾

೶ፖΖ

(Կ)೏षᆖહན୮९אࠠ᧯ऱֱڤ࠰ܗ՗Ֆᄷໂەᇢࠀૹီᛀಘە࠴ऱૡإ ޡᨏΙ܅षᆖહན୮९ঞආՑᙰ׵ᚒֱڤ׊࢙ฃەᇢ৵ᓤ฾ऱૹ૞ࢤΖ

ጵٽՂ૪ઔߒ࿨ᓵኔᢞءઔߒ೗๻նΚլٵषᆖહན୮९ࠡᖂ฾೶ፖΰᘣஃ յ೯Εᛀ਷ᜤ࿮᡻ΕᓰᄐਐᖄΕᇢছᄷໂᇢ৵ᓤ฾αڶ᧩ထ஁ฆΚ೏षᆖહན୮ ९ᖂ฾೶ፖყᗨᄕΔࠡ՗Ֆᖂᄐګ༉Ոყ೏Ζ

Ͳăᕴ౲ڟ଀Չཥປዲ࠮˅˄̜˽ཥΏჄ஬ؒ˞࣯୴!

)Ι*ଽޥငधශᏰҡ௥ڧ፞Ѵ၄ಬޟШٽලႇଽܻճޥငधශᏰҡ!

୮९៭ᄐᣊܑ੡ψՂᐋጥ෻ΕറᄐΕݾ๬Գ୉ωृࠡ՗Ֆ൷࠹ᓰ؆ᇖ฾ऱֺ

ࠏ׭ 73.8%Δ੡ψݾ๬ՠωृհ՗ՖΔࠡ൷࠹ᇖ฾ऱֺࠏ੡ 52.7%Δۖ୮९៭ᄐ ᣊܑ੡ψתݾ๬ՠፖॺݾ๬ωृΔࠡ՗Ֆ೶ፖᓰ؆ᇖ฾ऱֺࠏথႛ׭ 37.6%Ζ

)Π*ਪᝲᇄޖڎޟܒ፴ΔоЅႫသ೩രୢႤϚӣޥငधශড়৳Ϟ!

Ᏸಬ؅ਟږᐭ!!!!

(28)

1.೏षᆖહན୮९༼ࠎ՗Ֆݧ٨ࢤΕԳ֮Ε۞ྥઝᖂ࿛ᐖ഑հवᢝࢤ஼ᤄΙ

܅षᆖહན୮९ঞႜٻ࣍࿙஼Δא֗ୡᑗࢤᔆቹ஼Ζ

2.೏षᆖહན୮९ᙇᖗनࠠऱ᥆ࢤႜٻ࣍֫ᆰࠀشΕඔ࿇৸ەऱఛཕפ౨Ι

܅षᆖહན୮९ঞႜٻ࣍Ꮭ௑܅კΕੌ۩ࢤ೏ऱୡᑗפ౨Ζ

3.೏षᆖહན୮அࠡሽᆰ๻ໂࠠڶ᎖ܗᖂ฾گႃᇷறհפ౨Ι܅षᆖહན୮ அࠡሽᆰ๻ໂ࢓࢓ੌ࣍ሽन࿛௣᎞ࢤᔆΖ

)έ*ӄ໣ࣀଢ଼ᇄМϽږᐭяᡗϚӣޥငधශᏰҡϞᏰಬငᡛᇄሴ୿!

1.೏षᆖહན୮९ૹီ՗Ֆऱٖၵ੒೯ࠀ౨ᗨᄕ೶ፖΙ܅षᆖહན୮९࢙ฃ

ٖၵ੒೯ऱඒߛפ౨׊ٚط՗Ֆᗑ۞ؚ࿇Ζ

2.೏षᆖહན୮அٖࠡၵ੒೯ႜٻ࣍ߨ๶Օ۞ྥΕ೶ᨠټ໏ײ᠌Εભ๬ᙴΕ

ଃᑗᨚ࿛֮֏੒೯Ι܅षᆖહན୮அঞೣٻਈ๶ᘣ൯ࢨृڇ୮઎ሽီΕؚሽ೯࿛

౒׎ٻ؆ឩ്ᖂ฾ᆖ᧭ऱ௣᎞ୡᑗΖ

ጵٽՂ૪ઔߒ࿨ᓵኔᢞءઔߒ೗๻؄Κլٵषᆖહནᖂسࠡᖂ฾ᇷᄭΰᓰ؆

ᇖ฾Εᖂ฾ޗறΕٖၵ੒೯ፖ֮֏ࠨᖿαڶ᧩ထ஁ฆΚ୮९षᆖહནყ೏ࠡ՗Ֆ ୮அᖂ฾ᇷᄭყ᠆༄Δყڶܗ࣍༼೏ᖂᄐګ༉Ζ

ˤă਽ڥ༄ࠧುࣜࣳ˞ႠઝܮჭՐᇁВФ҅ػ˅˄ᑕ࠮਽ደ

๾Й౷!

೏षᆖહན୮९୶෼ጹയᠨٻհᘣ՗յ೯Δא׌೯֧ᖄऱֱڤڃᚨ՗Ֆം

ᠲΔࠡյ೯ᇩᠲܧ෼ᐖ഑ۖڍցΔࠀ֘ᚨנጲയীऱ፿ߢᑓڤΔא֗೏৫ऱࢼွ

৸ە౨ԺΙ܅षᆖહན୮९ঞႜٻ๯೯໢ٻհᘣ՗յ೯Δאऴ൷࿯ղ࿠ூڃᚨ՗

ՖംᠲΔࠡ፿ߢᑓڤঞওૻ࣍ࠫڤऱᇩᠲᚨ࿠Δ֘ᚨנຏঋীऱ፿ߢ᥆ࢤΖՂ૪ ઔߒ࿨ᓵኔᢞءઔߒ೗๻ԿΚլٵषᆖહན୮९ࠡඒᕆֱڤΰᘣ՗յ೯Ε፿ߢᑓ ڤαڶ᧩ထ஁ฆΖڼጟ෼ွฤᚨ Bernsteinΰ1977αࢬൎᓳऱլٵषᄎၸ్՗Ֆڇ

ࠡࢬࠌشऱ፿ߢᑓڤፖᎁवփ୲ڶ᧩ထऱ஁ฆΔۖխՂၸ్ፖ໎ՠၸ్ࢬࠌشऱ լٵ፿ߢᑓڤΔലᐙ᥼ࠡ՗Ֆᔞᚨᖂீ֮֏ऱ౨ԺΖᇨڕࡌ֚ᔅΕܦࣳࠢΰ1980α ਐנΔנߪ֮֏ຆ׎ᛩቼऱࠝ࿙Δࠡ୮խ౒׎ٌᓫऱᖲᄎ֗ᔞᅝऱڃ㕘Δྤऄᖂ

ࠩإᒔऱ࿇ଃΕ֮ऄ֗؁ীΔאીᇠ՗Ֆࢬࠌشऱ፿ߢܧ෼፿ߢ঴ᔆ஁Ε፿ীլ

(29)

ᅝΕ᢯ნຆ׎࿛ীኪΖڼጟڶૻऱ፿ߢ౨ԺૻࠫԱ।ሒ౨Ժ֗৸ەֱڤऱ࿇୶Δ אીᇠ՗Ֆլ౨ܓش፿ߢ໾տࠐᛧ൓ᄅᨠ࢚ፖᄅᣂএΔլᓵᣊ֏ᖂ฾ࢨᙃܑᖂ฾

݁ڶܺᣄΖ

˲ă਽ڥ༄ࠧುࣜ۝˞଀ኴ̟ВФҁػ˅˄௎ػ̜˽ϔყڟ ᏺถ!

௅ᖕءઔߒ๶ᓫ࿨࣠࿇෼Δ೏षᆖહན୮९ࠡᏝଖᨠڇᗨᄕᘣ՗յ೯խࠠ᧯

୶෼ᇠၸ్ᗑ௽ऱ፿ߢᑓڤΔא֗᠆༄ऱᖂ฾ᇷᄭΔࠀຘመඒ֏መ࿓਍ᥛၞ۩ז

ၴࢭႚΖࠠ᧯ۖߢΔ೏षᆖહན୮அࢬႿທנ௽ࡳऱ฾ࢤፖ֮֏ᇷءലၞԫޡᐙ

᥼՗Ֆऱ፿ߢᑓڤΕ᧤ᙀං෻࿛լٵ࿓৫ऱᖂ฾౨ԺΔڼጟ౨Ժ࠰ܗ՗Ֆᑵ൜ᖂ

ீඒߛߓอխऱᗑឰ֮֏אࠠ᧯֘ਠڇᖂᄐګ༉।෼ΖڂڼΔ೏षᆖહན୮९ࢬ ආ࠷ऱඒߛ࿜ฃፖ֮֏ࠨᖿ੒೯ΔࠃኔՂإፖᖂீඒߛࢬឆ៲ऱၸ్֮֏ઌյฤ ᚨΖڼጟ෼ွס᧩נ೏षᆖહན୮९ࠡඒᕆ՗ՖऱֱڤΔലڶܗ࣍՗Ֆڇ֮֏٦

፹ऱᖲࠫխ׭ڶઌᅝ࿓৫ऱᚌႨچۯΖ

ʠăݚᚊ!

)Ι*௰ଢ଼Ᏸࠉၥྛੲᇄఀৱᇯሄڙ࡙оԤਝሠ௥ᏰಬϚցᏰҡϞ ӑരޣᜋ!

܅षᆖહན୮९ࢬආ࠷ऱ௣ᄕඒߛֱڤທګ՗Ֆګ੡֮֏ࠨᖿΕᖂ฾ᇷᄭຆ ᒃऱ࠹୭ृΔאીᇠ՗Ֆڇᖂ฾መ࿓խᣄאലڶૻऱᖂ฾ᆖ᧭ፖᖂீᓰ࿓वᢝઌ յ࿨ٽΖڂڼᖂீඒߛؘႊᗨᄕං೯ᖂছᇷᄭఄΔא֗ඒஃᎁ᎖ࠫ৫Δאᇖඑ֮

֏լܓᖂسᖂ฾இႨऱᙊᖌΔሒࠩڶயऱ༼֒ᖂᄐګ༉Δא֗ᏺൎᖂسᖂ฾೯ᖲ հؾऱΖ

)Π*ᓽଋடཾΡষٮಢᙑఀᏰڞօღоᙽϽড়ߝఀىυτޟቋ঄

ᢎᇄ՗ଢ଼!

୮९ඒߛᏝଖᨠࢬ֧ᖄऱࠠ᧯۩೯࿜ฃΔڇඒᕆ՗Ֆᖵ࿓խΔऴ൷ࢨၴ൷ऱ ᐙ᥼՗Ֆᖂᄐګ༉Ζ੡Ա᠏ང୮९ඒߛᏝଖᨠհኔᔌΔᖂீඒߛᚨᅝ࿨ٽष೴ᇷ ᄭ։ܑ࿯ղݳᣋᆠՠᝑ฾אᚏಝറᄐԳ୉ࠀิ៣ඒᖂ࠰ܗቸΖ಻ٽ୮९ऱ़ᕉழ

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