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原文題目(出處): A Pigmented Dentigerous Cyst in a Patient with Multiple Dentigerous Cysts of the Jaws: A Case Report (J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 July;(8)5:085-091.

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原文題目(出處): A Pigmented Dentigerous Cyst in a Patient with Multiple Dentigerous Cysts of the Jaws:

A Case Report (J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 July;(8)5:085-091.) 原文作者姓名: Shahrabi Farahani S, Lotfalian M.

通訊作者學校: The Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology of the School of Dentistry at the Shahld Sadoughl University of Medical Sciences and Health Services in Yazd, Iran.

The Bozorgmehr Dental Clinic of Tehran University 報告者姓名(組別): R2 葉津孜 (補綴科)

報告日期: 96.8.24

內文:

Summary:

此篇文獻是ㄧ個罕見而有趣的病例報告: non-syndromic multiple dentigerous cysts of both the maxilla and mandible associated with melanin pigment and melanocytes in the epithelial lining in one of the cysts. 此外,也簡要的由胚胎學觀點討論

melanocyte的來源。

Introduction:

Dentigerous cyst 是排名第二位(僅次於radicular cyst)的odontogenic cyst.通常是單 獨存在,當與以下syndrome相關聯時,則會出現multiple cysts,ex: basal cell nevus syndrome,cleidocranial dysplasia,and mucopolysaccharidosis.

Melanocytes and melanin-pigment是廣泛分布於皮膚、神經系統、特定黏膜、uveal (uvea 葡萄膜) tract,和其他區域,但正常情況下不會出現在哺乳類動物的bone 裡。Melanin-pigmented jaw odontogenic lesions是很少見的,曾發表的病例亦很少

此篇文獻是ㄧ個罕見而有趣的病例報告: non-syndromic multiple dentigerous cysts of both the maxilla and mandible associated with melanin pigment and melanocytes in the epithelial lining in one of the cysts. 此外,簡要的由胚胎學觀點討論melanocyte 的來源。

Case report

37 yrs伊朗男性由他的牙醫師轉診到口外醫師那裡評估與治療multiple cyst-like radiolucent lesions,這些lesions包圍在某些上下顎未萌發恆牙牙冠周圍。除了下 顎前牙區有些微腫脹外,臨床檢查並沒有異常,例行的lab tests結果亦是在正常 範圍內。P’t的健康狀態良好,在past medical history 方面: noncontributory,mucosa 是完整的且顏色正常。

由pano可見多個well-defined R-L cystic lesion圍繞於上顎犬齒、右下犬齒、左下側 門牙的牙冠,在左下犬齒的側方亦有一cystic lesion(fig. 1)。

臨床診斷疑為dentigerous cyst。在術中移除lesion 與未萌出牙時,有些cyst wall-like tissue遭撕裂。

組織學檢查: 幾乎所有specimens都是相似的;strips of loose fiberous tissue lined on one surface with cuboidal or flattened cells and degenerating squamous epithelium.

包圍右上犬齒cyst的上皮內襯發現有mucous producing cells,有中等程度的發炎 細胞浸潤,包含lymphocytes,plasma cells,histiocytes都可在connective tissue中 發現。二個罕見而有趣的組織學特點為: fine granules and coarse aggregates of dark-pigment

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口腔病理科 On-Line KMU Student Bulletin

散佈於整個cyst的epithelial lining,此cyst所包圍的是未萌發的右下犬齒牙冠(fig.

2)。亦發現有極少的色素與皮脂腺出現在上述cyst的connective tissue裡。

組織化學的檢驗: using Masson-Fontana’s staining for melanin and bleaching with hydrogen peroxide (過氧化氫) and potassium permanganate (高錳酸鉀) solution,可 確定此色素為melanin。

免疫組織化學上檢查: 含有黑色素的細胞對於1;2000稀釋的polyclonal s-100 protein(Dako, Santa Barbara, CA, USA) (fig. 4)反應是positive。

Discussion:

Dentigerous cyst係指與恆牙牙冠相關聯的odontogenic cyst。Multiple cysts會出現 於罹患某些syndromes的p’t,像是basal cell nevus syndrome, cleidocranial dysplasia

,mucopolysaccharidosis,Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome and Hunter’s syndrome。

Multiple cysts亦會發生於長期同時使用cyclosporine A 和calcium channel blockers 的患者,不僅如此,其他的skeletal defects,gingival hyperplasia和恆牙的不正常 發展與萌發,都是這些syndromes最常有的特徵。

我們的p’t雖然在上下顎都有multiple cysts,但p’t本身為一健康的個體,且由理學 或lab檢查來看,都沒有證據顯示與任何syndromes有關連。至今,仍未有相關報 告提及:在nonsyndromic p’t身上發現multiple dentigerous cysts的情形。

Melanin pigment and/or melanocytes出現於odontogenic cysts裡是很罕見的。曾有相 關報告指出會在calcifying odontogenic cysts,gingival cysts,odontogenic

keratocysts,botryoid odotogenic cysts,and lateral periodontal cysts;也曾在某些 odontogenic tumors中被發現。第一個pigmented dentigerous cyst的病例報告是由 Takada & Yamamoto提出。Warter et al發表一個dentigerous cyst associated with an adenomatoid odontogenic tumor的病例,而AOT的上皮細胞中含有melanocytes &

melanin。但也無法排除此case是AOT with a prominent cystic structure的可能性。

So,to our knowledge,此case是第二個在cyst wall含有melanocytes and/or melanin 的dentigerous cyst,也是第一個出現multiple cysts情形的p’t。

出現於odontogenic lesions的melanocytes來源是值得思索的。Dental lamina來自於 初期的oral lining,而melanocytes不常出現於口腔黏膜,若有時出現了也是可預 料的事。Lawson et al研究了妊娠12-18週時,melanocytes在人類胎兒的dental primordium分佈情形,發現3/11高加索人與全部6個黑人胎兒都有melanocytes存在 於dental lamina or tooth bud。之前的研究提出,神經脊型態演發完成後,

melanin-producing cells會移動得很快,此情形約略發生於受精4星期之後;

melanocytes出現於dental primordium內,意指神經脊對於哺乳動物的牙齒形成是 有貢獻的。Melanocytes in the dental anlage may also explain the histogenesis of melanin-pigment in the odontogenic lesions. 雖然melanocytes出現於odontogenic tumors & cysts的病理意義尙不清楚,大多數的pigmented odontogenic lesions中,

被提出來報告的是mixed tumors with the induction of dental hard tissue or prominent calcification。而考量此case,結論是出現於odontogenic cysts的 melanocytes並沒有病理上的重要意義。

Odontogenic lesion裡的pigmentation以往被認為是人種因素;即使大部分的case是 亞洲或非洲人。但有限的case量並無法有統計學上的價值。

Melanin within the bone的另一個可能是melanocytes經由間葉(mesenchyma)的移 動所致;並不是從神經脊移動至周邊的過程發生失敗,使得melanocytes遺留在外

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胚層。

雖然現在大部分的case都是發生在bone的較表淺位置,所以reactive hyperplastic melanocytes of overlying oral mucosa與epithelial lining of the cyst之間的關連性可 以被排除的。

Summary

It may be of interest for future investigations.

題號 題目

1 下列齒源性腫瘤中,何者好發於顎骨前區?

( A )

造釉細胞瘤(ameloblastoma)

( B )

鈣化上皮齒源性瘤(calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor)

( C )

腺瘤樣齒源性瘤(adenomatoid odontogenic tumor)

( D )

造釉細胞纖維齒瘤(ameloblastic fibro-odontoma)

答案 (C)

出處:Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, P 529

題號 題目

2 下列何囊腫歸於發育性囊腫?

1. 含齒囊腫(Dentigerous cyst)

2. 齒源性角化囊腫(odontogenic keratocyst) 3. 戈林囊腫(Gorlin cyst)

4. 腺體齒源性囊腫(Glandular odontogenic tumor) (A) 1+2 (B) 3+4 (C) 1+3+4 (D) 1+2+3+4 答案

(D)

出處:Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, P 494

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參考文獻

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