結合「長週期光纖光柵」及「單雷射雙向泵激」架構之增益平坦化EDFA實作

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ඕЪĶܜฉഇЍញЍߝķ̈́Ķಏ࿩डᗕШࠄ፬ķߛၹ

̝ᆧৈπ؃̼ EDFA ၁ү

߸ᕃ͛ ౘᐖᇊ ਃ̈ನ

ڌݑԫఙጯੰ࿪̄ր

ၡ! ࢋ

ώ͛੫၆ၫ⩒Ѝញٸ̂ጡ(erbium-doped fiber amplifier, EDFA)̈́׎็௚ᐛ

૲̝ᆧৈπ؃̼Ă೩΍˘Ķಏ࿩डᗕШࠄ፬ķາߛၹĂ֭ඕЪĶܜฉഇЍញЍ ߝ(long-period-fiber-grating, LPG)ķԫఙ̟ͽ၁үณീĄ1530~1565nm ᐛ૲̚༊

EDFA ᑕϡ LPG ԫఙֽүᆧৈඈ̼఍நॡĂົЯ LPG ̝೧ˢຫεĂጱ࡭ EDFA ᆧৈπӮ˭ࢫࡗѣ 3dB νΠĂᔵ൒˵Ξ҂ᇋԼଳ˘ਠ۞੼ᆧৈᗕШࠄ፬ߛၹֽ

ᑓྃĂҭࡶ҂ณјώĈ࠹ྵٺ 1480nm ࠄ፬࿩डĂனҖ 980nm ̝઴ᆊܧ૱ҲຆĂ

࠹ТϞᇴఢॾ่ᅮ 1480nm ࠄ፬࿩ड۞઴ᆊ˘Η̙זĂ߇ώ͛ٙ೩າߛၹֹ่

ϡ˘Ϊ 980nm ࠄ፬࿩डĂЯ҃׍౯ໂָ̝јώᐹ๕ćѩγྵ̝݈Шࠄ፬ߛၹĂ

˫׍ѣྵ੼ᆧৈĂѩ˘ᐹᕇޫрΞϡͽྃᐺЯ LPG ү EDFA ᆧৈඈ̼͔ٙ੓

̝೧ˢຫεĄ

ᙯᔣෟĈღ૜̶گк̍ăၫ⩒Ѝញٸ̂ጡăᆧৈඈ̼ăܜฉഇЍញЍߝăಏ࿩

डᗕШࠄ፬Ą

IMPLEMENTATION OF GAIN-FLATTENED EDFA FOR C-BAND WITH UNI-LASER BIDIRECTION-PUMP ARCHITECTURE AND

LONG-PERIOD FIBER-GRATING

Hung-Wen Hung Ching-Hui Chen Shiao-Ting Weng

Department of Electronic Engineering Tung-Nan Institute of Technology

Taipei, Taiwan 222, R.O.C.

Key Words: dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM), erbium- doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), gain equalization, long-period- fiber-grating (LPG), uni-laser bidirection-pump.

ABSTRACT

In this paper, a uni-laser bidirection-pump architecture is proposed and evaluated for the implementation of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) used in the transmission of DWDM systems. Generally speaking, in the gain equalization process of C band (1530~1565nm), the insertion loss of long-period-fiber-grating (LPG) causes about 3dB degradation of EDFA gain. This problem could be solved by means of the bidirection- pump architecture with forward-pump 980nm and backward-pump 1480nm laser. However, the cost of a 1480nm pump laser is relatively high. In our

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approach, the proposed uni-laser bidirection-pump architecture, using a single 980nm pump laser, can achieve higher EDFA gain, compensating for the LPG insertion loss, while maintaining relatively low cost.

˘ă݈! ֏

༊Ѝញ็ᏮگܜϤ 1.31µm ଯซҌ 1.55µm ޢĂ၈າͷ

׍඗၆ᐹ๕(Ξ็ᏮՀᅈ෼ᗓͷਕ಼̂۞೩چ็Ꮾटณ)۞

Ѝញ఼ੈॡ΃̏ी൒זֽĂ఺ࡦޢ׎၁ѣ׌̂ᙯᔣԫఙֽ

ΐిܳјĂ׎˘Ĉ׍ѣ੼ᆧৈҲᗔੈăЍᙉᜩᑕૉᆵăᄃ జٸ̂ੈཱིЍ໚አតిத൑ᙯăЍᆧৈໂ̼(polarization)

̝ໂҲᙯᓑّඈᐹᕇęĶၫ⩒Ѝញٸ̂ጡ(EDFA)ķԫఙ۞

јሢć׎˟Ĉΐ˯ϫ݈ĶЍញٸ̂ጡķᄃĶღ૜̶گк̍

(dense wavelength-division multiplexing, DWDM)ķ׌ีԫఙ јΑ۞ღ૜ඕЪٙ࡭ĄдΞ࿰֍۞૟ֽĂЍញٸ̂ጡ๕υ ߏᚶĶЍ൴ड፟ķᄃĶЍତќ፟ķ̝ޢĂјࠎЍញ఼ੈր

௚̚ௐˬ࣎υࢋ۞͹જ྅ཉĂͷυ൒ົߏລ੨ DWDM ԫ ఙֹϡĂ֭૟ૻধ͹ጱЍញ఼ੈր௚گܜ੨ཉٙдĄ

EDFA ٙଳϡ۞ࠄ፬ߛၹĂֶᆧৈ(gain)ᄃᗔੈ޽ᇴ (noise figure, NF)পّᅮՐ̙ТĂΞ̶ࠎĶ݈Шࠄ፬(forward- pump)ķăĶޢШࠄ፬(backward-pump)ķͽ̈́ĶᗕШࠄ፬ (bidirection-pump)ķˬ჌͞ё[1]Ă׎ߛၹ͞๴ဦΞણ҂ဦ 1

ٙϯĄ

ϫ݈ѣᙯٺĶၫ⩒Ѝញٸ̂ጡķԫఙ̝ࡁ൴ᔌ๕˯ѣ

˟࣎ࢦࢋ͞ШĈࢵАߏтңਕѣड़ͷ಼̂гࢫҲᄦүј ώĂ׎ѨߏдΑਕপّ˯ವՐࡎ৔ĄEDFA дనࢍᄦү˯Ă ҫҝ੼ּͧјώొ̶۞ߏĶࠄ፬Ѝ໚ᇴϫᄃ׎Ꮾ΍Ϟᇴķ ᄃĶၫ⩒Ѝញܜޘᄃ׎ӛќதఢॾķĂ׎̚Ķࠄ፬Ѝ໚Ꮾ΍

ϞᇴķᄃĶၫ⩒ЍញӛќதఢॾķЯᚑࢦ஝જ EDFA Ѝᆧ

ৈ̂̈Ăд҂ณࢫҲᄦүјώ˯ਕѣٙԼච඾ግ఍ᑕߏѣ ࢨĂҌٺ EDFA Αਕপّ˯ĂϤٺξಞ˯Ķಏ˘گܜᏮˢķ

̏ԆБࠎĶкگܜᏮˢ(DWDM ր௚ϡ)ķ፟ݭٙפ΃Ă߇ Ϗ ֽ д EDFA ԫ ఙ ̝ ൴ ण ᔌ ๕ ˯ Ă “ ᆧ ৈ ඈ ̼ (gain equalization)”࠹ᙯ఍நјड़̝։⯅Ăυ൒јࠎ˘ᙯᔣّΑ ਕ޽ᇾĄૄٺͽ˯நϤĂώ͛ᗆؠĶഴ͌ᗕШߛၹ˭ࠄ፬

࿩डᇴϫͽࢫҲјώķᄃĶᑕϡ LPG ԫఙүкگܜᏮˢ፟

ݭ EDFA ᆧৈඈ̼఍நͽ೩چّਕķ׌ีࢦࢋᛉᗟซҖଣ

੅ࡁտĄ

˟ăࡁտજ፟ᄃ EDFA ̝ࠄ፬ߛၹ̶ژ

ĶᗕШࠄ፬ķEDFA ߛၹĂЯࠎ׍౯੼ᆧৈপᕇĂ߇ јࠎĶܜ෼ᗓቢ˯ݭķᄃĶΑதݭķЍញٸ̂ጡࠄ፬ߛၹ

̝̙˟ᏴፄĂଘд EDFA “ᗕШߛၹ˭ഴ͌ࠄ፬࿩डᇴϫ”

̈́“ᆧৈඈ̼఍நјड़”̝Լ։˯̪хѣ࠹༊۩มĂЯ͔҃

൴ώ̝͛ࡁտજ፟Ą

EDFA ˬ჌̙Тࠄ፬ߛၹֶ̚ gain ̂̈ଵԔĈĶᗕШ ࠄ፬ķ>ĶޢШࠄ፬ķ>Ķ݈Шࠄ፬ķĂࡶֶ NF ̂̈ଵԔĈ

ĶޢШࠄ፬ķ>ĶᗕШࠄ፬ķ>Ķ݈Шࠄ፬ķĂϤѩΞͽ࠻

΍ NF ϒͧٺ gain ̂̈Ă׎̚ࣃ଀ڦຍ۞ߏĶᗕШࠄ፬ķ ᔵ൒ gain ଵԔ౵੼ҭ׎ NF ݒଵԔ̚มĂ߇༊ᅮՐ੼ᆧৈ

నࢍăٕߏ҂ᇋᑕϡ LPG ү EDFA ᆧৈඈ̼఍நĂົᅮࢋ

ྃᐺ LPG ۞೧ˢຫε(insertion loss)ॡĂĶᗕШࠄ፬ķߛၹ

ົߏ˘̙࣎᏾̝ᏴፄĂѩγ EDFA నࢍ˯ᑕڦຍĈĶ݈Ш ࠄ፬ķ͹ጱፋវ NFĂ҃ĶޢШࠄ፬ķ݋͹ጱፋវ gainĄ

Ҍٺࠄ፬Ѝ໚̝࿩डگܜᏴϡĂ͹ࢋдٺ҂ᇋ EDF

׽ؠܜޘ˭ࠄ፬Ѝ໚̝፬൴ड़ৈĈ980nm ፬൴ड़தҲҭ˵

Яѩਕܲ޺ྵҲ NFĂ1480nm ፬൴ड़தᔵ੼ҭົጱ࡭ NF ٶ੼Ă߇д෦ՐҲ NF ̝Ķ݈Шߛၹķ̚ົᏴϡ 980nm گ ܜࠄ፬Ă҃д෦Ր੼ᆧৈ̝ĶᗕШߛၹķ݈̚ШົᏴϡ 980nmăޢШົᏴϡ 1480nm گܜࠄ፬Ă׎̚۞ࣧЯ͹ࢋ

ߏ҂ณů݈ޢШࡶᏴϡ˘࡭ࠄ፬گܜ(Ӯϡ 980nm ٕ۰ 1480nm) Ă ົ Я ࠹ Т ፬ ᐽ ਕ ล ጱ ࡭ ا ณ ͅ ཉ (population inversion) ड़ ڍ ̂ χ Զ љ Ă ᐌ ޢ ۞ ፬ ൴ ٸ ड (stimulated emission)ిதᄃӛќ(absorption)ిத̝มम෼ܮົഴ͌Ă Я҃ࢫҲ၆ЍᏮˢੈཱི̝ᄵ൴ٸड۞ٸ̂үϡĂೱ֏̝Ă

఺૟ົֹ EDFA ፋវ۞ gain ˭ࢫĂΩγಶߏтѩࠄ፬੨ཉ ਕૉᒔ଀ྵҲ NF[1,2]Ą

ૄٺ˯ࢗࣧЯĂώ͛дᏊณΞᜁࠗ gain ̝నࢍ݈೩

˭Ă೩΍Ķಏ࿩डᗕШࠄ፬ķEDFA ۞າߛၹĂтဦ 2 ٙ ϯĂᔵ൒̏Ξ࿰֍఺૟൑ڱ಼̂೩چາߛၹ۞ gainĂҭݒ ΞͽೱפĶഴ͌ᗕШߛၹ˭ࠄ፬࿩डᇴϫůѣड़ࢫҲјώ ͷΞᒺഴ˘Η۞ࠄ፬Ѝ໚࿪ྮķĂͽ̈́ԼචĶ݈Шࠄ፬ EDFA ̝ᆧৈඈ̼఍நЯ LPG ೧ˢຫεጱ࡭ᆧৈ˭ࢫķ̝

΃ᆊĄࠎ៍ീ݈ޢШࠄ፬̙ТϞᇴ੨ཉଐڶ˭Ă၆ώ͛ٙ

೩າߛၹፋវΑਕপّ̝ᇆᜩĂࣘͽᜪ̈́၁រ̝ܮӀّĂ ߇পຍщଵ၁រߛၹ͞๴ဦтဦ 3 ٙϯĄ

ˬă980nm ࠄ፬Ѝ໚࿪ྮ̝၁үᄃณീ

ώ͛ҋᄦࠄ፬Ѝ໚ٙᔉϡࠄ፬࿩ड˟ໂវ̝ᇄൕఢ ॾࠎĈLasertron ᄦ 980nm ࠄ፬࿩डሀ௡Ăበཱི QLM9S470- 912ĂᗝؠᏮ΍ЍΑதࠎ 120mWĂ࿩डሀ௡̰ޙѣሤ࿪ҽ ݒጡ(thermo-electric cooler, TE cooler)׶ሤୂ࿪ܡ(thermi- stor)Ăనࢍ˯Ξ੨Ъሀ௡γొ̝ҋજ໢ޘଠט࿪ྮ(automatic temperature control, ATC)үࠄ፬࿩ड㝱໢ፆү̝ྃ

ᐺଠטĄώ͛ҋᄦࠄ፬Ѝ໚̝ۡ߹ઐᑅᜭજăҋજΑதଠ ט(automatic power control, APC)ăҋજ໢ޘଠט(ATC)࿪ྮ

࠹ᙯనࢍ࠰ણ໰[5-7]ĂԆјޢ၁ۏ࠹ͯтဦ 4 ٙϯĄ Ѝᙉ̶ژᆇ(optical spectrum analyzer, OSA)̝Ꮾˢ࿸

׶Ҝ໤˘ਠ่ѣ 23dBmŻ199.53mW(༊ built-in attenuator χฟॡ)Ăϡͽณീ੼Ϟᇴࠄ፬Ѝ໚ॡໂٽ፵໑ OSAĂӈ

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0.98µm Pump

0.98µm

Pump 1.48µm

Pump

EDFA O/P Isolator

Isolator Isolator

Isolator

Isolator 1.55/0.98µm

WDM

1.55/0.98µm WDM

1.55/0.98µm

WDM 1.55/1.48µm

WDM

EDFA O/P EDFA

O/P EDFAI/P

(a)forward-pump

(b)backward-pump

(c)bidirection-pump EDFAI/P

Er³⁺Fiber Er³⁺Fiber

Er³⁺Fiber

EDFA I/P

ဦ 1 ၫ⩒Ѝញٸ̂ጡˬ჌ૄώࠄ፬ߛၹĈ(a)݈Шࠄ፬ć (b)ޢШࠄ፬ć(c)ᗕШࠄ፬

0.98µm Pump

m:n Coupler I/P

Isolator Isolator

LPG 1.55/0.98µm

WDM

Er³⁺

Fiber Er³⁺

Fiber

1.55/0.98µm WDM

L₁ L₂

O/P

ဦ 2 ώ͛Ķಏ࿩डᗕШࠄ፬ķEDFA າߛၹ

ֹͽγତЍ਽ഴጡֽᕖण OSA ณീቑಛĂ˵૱ົЯ਽ഴጡ ቢّޘָ̙ጱ࡭ณീ൴Ϡᄱम҃צזኳႷĂࠎѩώ͛Լͽ

੼Ϟᇴ(Ꮾˢ࿸׶Ҝ໤ࣃΞ྿ז 1WŻ30dBm)ЍΑதܑณ

ീࠄ፬Ѝ໚Ꮾ΍Αத͕̈́̚گܜĄณീඕڍ[5]ࠎĈ׌έҋ ᄦࠄ፬Ѝ໚Ꮾ΍࠰Ξ྿ᗝؠΑதࣃ 120mWĂϤٺٙᔉϡࠄ

፬࿩ड۞ kink power ࣃ࠹༊੼Ăགྷဘྏአ੼ࠄ፬࿩डᜭજ

࿪߹(ILD)ޢĂᏮ΍ΑதΞ೩੼Ҍ 150mW ̪ਕᘦؠ̍үĂ Яѩώ͛າߛၹ̚ᗕШࠄ፬Αத̝੨ཉĂనؠҲࣃࠎ 120mW ҃੼ࣃࠎ 150mW ֽซҖ၁រĄ

0.98µm

Pump₁ 0.98µm

Pump₂ I/P

Isolator Isolator

LPG 1.55/0.98µm

WDM

Er³⁺

Fiber Er³⁺

Fiber

1.55/0.98µm WDM

L₁ L₂

O/P

ဦ 3 Ķಏ࿩डᗕШࠄ፬ķEDFA ̝၁រߛၹ

ဦ 4 ώ͛ҋᄦ׌έĶࠄ፬Ѝ໚ķ࿪ྮ̝၁ۏ࠹ͯ

αăĶಏ࿩डᗕШࠄ፬ķߛၹ̝Ѝྮ၁ચ

1. ၫ⩒Ѝញ̝౵ָܜޘ(L1ăL2)ܐؕࣃՙؠ

Ѝྮ၁үॡĂEDF ܜޘ่̙ᙯܼ඾ EDFA ΑਕপّĂ

˵νΠ׎ᄦүјώĂࠎѩࢍზᄃᏴؠ EDF ౵ָܜޘ̝ࢦࢋ

ّ̙֏ΞಔĄЯ EDFA ᆧৈᐛᙉΪᄃ EDF ၆گܜ̝ӛќă ٸडણᇴăፋ߱ EDF ̰௕̄اณͅཉ඀ޘͽ̈́׎ܜޘѣᙯ [6]ĂϤણ҂͛ᚥ[7]ۢ̚Ĉࠄ፬Αத 120mWăEDF ӛќத ఢॾ 11.2dB/mă౵ָܜޘ(Loptimal)ࠎ 7.75mĂϏΐඈ̼఍ந

݈ĂĶ݈Шࠄ፬ķEDFA Ꮾ΍Ҝ໤౵੼Ξ଀ 16.67dBmĂϺ ӈ(16.67dBm)7.75mĄ҃ώ͛ٙ೩າߛၹᛳٺᗕШࠄ፬Ăᆧ

ৈඈ̼఍நॡ LPG ᅮࢋ೧ˢ׌߱ EDF(ܜޘ̶Ҿࠎ L1ăL2

Ξણ҂ဦ 3)̝มĂ༊ᗕШࠄ፬ΑதӮࠎ 120mWĂϤٺາ ߛၹᏮ΍ᅮ྿>16.67dBmĂЯѩΞᖣͽଯზາߛၹٙᅮ EDF ܜޘҌ͌ᅮࠎણ҂͛ᚥ[7]۞˟ࢺĂ߇ώ͛ Loptimal̝ܐ

ؕࣃϤ 15.5m ฟؕྏ੓Ą 2. ၫ⩒Ѝញќཉॡᑕڦຍְี

࠹ྵٺಏሀЍញĂEDF Ϥٺញ८Հ௟ͽ̈́ၫᗔՄኳপ

ّ̝ᇆᜩĂౄј׎ΞᇦޘໂҲĂ่̙ोפॡᅮڦຍᇦѡ֎

ޘ̙Ξ࿅̂ͽҺԶᕝĂдЍྮ੨ཉ˯ EDF Հࢋֹ͕̈ϡЍ ញќट஼ќཉĂͷᑕڦຍќट஼̝͎̇ົࢨטᇦѡ֎ޘĂ

֭ົซ˘Վᇆᜩ EDFA ፋវّਕĂ߇૟ٙᏴϡЍញќट஼

͎̇(10cm Ű20cm)̳ฟͽֻણ҂Ą

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EDFA LPG EDFA ဦ 5 ͽ LPG ԫఙүᆧৈπ؃̼ࣧந̝ϯຍဦ

-1.0 -1.5 -2.0 -2.5 -3.0 -3.5 -4.0 -4.5 -5.0 -5.5 -6.0 -6.5 -7.0 -7.5

1500.0 1510.0 1520.0 1530.0 1540.0 1550.0 (nm)

(dB)

1560.01570.0 1580.0 1590.0

ဦ 6 ώ͛ᏴϡܜฉഇЍញЍߝ̝ᖼொЍᙉѡቢ

3. ܜฉഇЍញЍߝϡٺᆧৈඈ̼఍ந[8,9]

ᑕϡ LPG ԫఙү EDFA Ѝᆧৈඈ̼఍ந̝ࣧநĂΞણ

҂ဦ 5 ٙϯĈEDFA Ϗүඈ̼఍ந݈ĂᆧৈЍᙉົצࠄ፬

࿩डώ̝֗“ٸ̂ҋ൴ٸड(amplified spontaneous emission, ASE)”ᇆᜩĂጱ࡭ EDFA ᆧৈЍᙉπ؃ޘК̼тဦ 5 ν઎

ొ̶Ăࡶਕགྷ˘ LPG ᖼொЍᙉѡቢޫࠎ ASE К̼Ѝᙉͅ

ᖼ(̢ࠎࣆᇴ)Ăтဦ 5 ̚มొ̶Ă݋ EDFA ᆧৈЍᙉπ؃

ޘК̼ன෪ົЯٯঐ҃ᒔ࡭π؃̼ड़ڍĂтဦ 5 Π઎ొ

̶Ăώ͛Ᏼϡ LPG ̝ᖼொЍᙉѡቢтဦ 6 ٙϯĄώ͛Ķಏ

࿩डᗕШࠄ፬ķЍྮԆјޢ̝၁វ࠹ͯΞણ҂ဦ 7Ą

̣ă၁រඕڍ

т݈ࢗϤٺҋᄦࠄ፬Ѝ໚̝Ꮾ΍ΑதĂనؠҲࣃࠎ 120mWĂ҃੼ࣃࠎ 150mWĂώ͛ࠎܮӀ၁រᇴፂ̶ژͧ

ྵᄃᇾϯĂਬ૟׎ؠཌྷт˭Ĉ

ࠄ፬Ҳࣃ PL=120mW ҃ࠄ፬੼ࣃ P_H=150mWćαĈ݈Шࠄ

፬ΑதăβĈޢШࠄ፬ΑதĄ

ώ͛ٙ೩ າߛ ၹ̝Αਕ পّ ณീĂࣧ ᑕᏮ ˢ ITU Standard ٙ޽ؠ C band кگܜܫཱིĂЯ൑ 1530~1565nm к گܜЍ໚న౯Ă߇่ਕͽ 1.55µm ಏ˘گܜүᏮˢЍ໚֭

៍ീ၁រඕڍĂᖣͽរᙋώ͛ٙ೩າߛၹЍᆧৈ۞̂̈Ă

҃೧ˢ LPG ̝ᆧৈඈ̼఍நड़ڍĂ݋ͽ׎Ꮾ΍ ASE spectrum ᅃӄ៍ീĂѩ͞ёд̏൴ܑ͛ᚥ[10,11]̚૱Ξ֍

זĄώ͛ͽΞአЍ਽ഴጡ(variable optical attenuator, VOA) ଠט࿩डЍ໚(3dBmƟ1551.57nm)Ꮾ΍Ăֹ଀າߛၹᏮˢ Ҝ໤ࠎ-10dBm(઄నВѣ λ₁~λ₁₀ᏮˢƟᓁΑதυᅮ௑Ъ 0dBm ࿸׶ఢॾ)Ą

ဦ 7 ώ͛ҋᄦĶಏ࿩डᗕШࠄ፬ķEDFA Ѝྮొ̶̝၁ ۏ࠹ͯ

ࠎವԱϏΐඈ̼఍ந݈Ăώ͛າߛၹᏮ΍Ҝ໤д౵੼

ଐڶ˭ůEDF ѣड़ܜޘ۞౵̈ࣃĂԧࣇүͽ˭၁ീ[12,13]

щଵĈL1+L2Ϥ 15.5m ฟؕᅍഴĂѩॡາߛၹ౵੼Ꮾ΍Ҝ

໤ࠎ 18dBmĂגຍ૟ѩࣃܲ޺̙តฟؕᅍഴ L1+L2Ă൴ன ܜޘΞͽአൺҌ 10.18m@ɗ=ɘ=PH̪ਕ႕֖Ąତ඾ L1+L2

ܲ޺ 10.18m ܜޘ֭አፋᗕШ̙Тࠄ፬Ϟᇴ੨ཉĂΞ଀ဦ 8(a)̈́(b)̶Ҿࠎɗ=PLƟɘ=PH ͽ̈́ɗ=PHƟɘ=PL ॡ̝

ASE spectrumĂͽរᙋϏΐඈ̼఍ந݈າߛၹᏮ΍π؃ޘ

۞ቁָ̙Ăࡗ྿ Ų5dBĄ

҃೧ˢ LPG үᆧৈඈ̼఍நޢ̝၁រඕڍᄲځт˭Ĉ 1. ೧ˢ LPG ޢтңವԱ L1+L2̝ዋ༊ܐࣃůϤણ҂͛ᚥ[7]

ۢ̚ĂLPG ೧ˢޢົឰ EDFA Ꮾ΍Ҝ໤ـ˭ଫࡗ 3dBĂ

̏ۢϏΐඈ̼఍ந݈ĂEDF ᅍഴҌ L1+L2=10.18m ॡĂ ณ଀າߛၹᏮ΍ࣃ̪Ξჯ޺д 18dBmĂ߇ΞፂѩҤზ΍

LPG ೧ˢޢາߛၹ̝౵੼Ꮾ΍ࣃᑕ̂ٺ˭ЕĈ 18dBm − 3dB = 15dBm

݋೧ˢ LPG ޢ L1+L2ܜޘ̝ዋ༊ܐࣃᑕ̬ٺ 10.18~

15.5mĂࠎ˞ྃᐺ೧ˢ LPG ۞ຫεĂЯѩΞᖣᆧΐ EDF ѣड़ܜޘ̟ͽྃᐺĂٙͽ L1+L2ܜޘ̝ዋ༊ܐࣃᑕϤ 10.18m ـ˯ᅍᆧĄ

2. አ੨ EDF ѣड़ܜޘͧ(L1ƟL2)ͽԼචඈ̼఍நड़ڍů༊

LPG ொـĶޢШࠄ፬ķ͞Ш(݈ܜޢൺ)ॡΞ࿰ۢĂEDFA ඈ̼ड़ڍតрҭᏮ΍Ҝ໤ົ˭ࢫć༊ LPG ொـĶ݈Ш ࠄ፬ķ͞Ш(݈ൺޢܜ)ॡΞ࿰ۢĂEDFA ඈ̼ड़ڍតम ҭᏮ΍Ҝ໤ົ˯̿Ąૄٺͽ˯ᄮۢ߇ώ͛АϤ“݈ܜޢ ൺ”੨ཉ(඾ࢦඈ̼ड़ڍ)ฟؕྏរĂࢵАщଵ L1= 7.26m ƟL2=5.35mĂ༊݈ޢШࠄ፬Ϟᇴ̙Т੨ཉॡĂΞ଀າߛ ၹᏮ΍̶Ҿࠎ 15.7dBm Ų5dB ᄃ 16.18dBm Ų5dBĂтဦ 9(a)ᄃ(b)ٙϯĂΞ่̙ۢඈ̼ड़ڍम҃ͷᏮ΍Ҝ໤˵̙

நຐĂ߇Ξҿؠѩॡ L1ƟL2੨ཉ̙֭ޫ༊ͷ EDF ѣड़ ܜޘ˵ѣΞਕ࿅ܜĂЯѩԼͽ˭Е੨ཉซҖྏរĈ (˘) ࠎቁᄮ 12.61m ߏӎৌ۞࿅ܜĂАԼͽ“݈ൺޢܜ”੨

ཉ(඾ࢦᏮ΍Ҝ໤)ྏរĂ֭גຍ૟ L2ᆧܜֹ੨ཉј ࠎ L1=5.35mƟL2=8.42mĂ̙Т݈ޢШࠄ፬Ϟᇴ੨ཉ

(5)

Spectrum Power λc: 1544.569nm Pow: 13.92dBm 24.65mW

Normal (A) /inritsu 02-03-07 00:49 λMkr A: B: B-A:

LMkr C: -20.0dBm D:-25.0dBm C-D: 5.0dB

1530.0nm 3.5nm/div 1547.5nm in Vac 1565.0nm Res: 0.1nm / Pt_Avg: 2 / Smplg: 501 / VBW: 1kHz / Sm: Off / Intvl: Off / /Att On

REF -3.0 dBm 2.0dB /div -13.0 dBm

-23.0 dBm

ဦ 8(a) ඈ̼఍ந݈ L1+L2=10.18m/ɗ=PL /ɘ=PH ॡ̝

ASE Ѝᙉ

LMkr C: -20.0dBm D:-25.0dBm C-D: 5.0dB

-23.0 dBm

ဦ 8(b) ඈ̼఍ந݈ L1+L2=10.18m/ɗ=PH /ɘ=PLॡ̝

ASE Ѝᙉ

˭ĂາߛၹᏮ΍࣌ჯ޺дŸ14.94dBmĂဦ 10(a)ࠎɗ

=PLƟɘ=PHॡ ASE spectrumĂтѩщଵ͹ࢋдរᙋ EDF ѣड़ܜޘ࿅ܜॡົѣ ASE ν้ăgain ࢫҲன෪

൴ϠĂ֭ቁᄮѩॡ EDF ѣड़ܜޘৌ۞࿅ܜĄ (˟) ࡶ૟ L2ഴൺֹ੨ཉјࠎ L1=5.35mƟL2=6.26m ॡĂ

̙Т݈ޢШࠄ፬Ϟᇴ੨ཉ˭ĂາߛၹᏮ΍࣌ჯ޺

дŸ15.11dBmĂဦ 10(b)ࠎɗ=PLƟɘ=PHॡ ASE spectrumĄтѩщଵ͹ࢋдរᙋᅍഴ L2۞࣒ϒቁ ᛳٺ଀آĂЯࠎΞ៍ീז ASE ѣు႙Π้ன෪Ă ҭඈ̼ड़ڍ̪൒̙ၓĂ߇Լត࣒ϒ၆෪ęᅍഴ L1

֭૟ࣧ“݈ൺޢܜ” ੨ཉԼа “݈ܜޢൺ” (L1ᄃ L2̢ೱ)Ą

(ˬ) ֶ(˟)࣒ϒ੨ཉࠎ L1=7.26mƟL2=3mƟɗ=PLƟɘ

=PHॡĂဦ 11(a)ă(b)̶ҾࠎѩॡາߛၹᏮ΍̈́ ASE ЍᙉĂඕڍᏮ΍Ҝ໤Ξ྿ 15.92dBmĂπ؃ޘ̏Ξ࣒

ϒҌ Ų1dBĂͷ NFŷ4.8dBĄ

TMKr (Peak) 1551.91nm 15.7dBm

LMkr C: D: C-D:

REF 0.0 dBm 10.0dB /div -50.0 dBm

-100.0 dBm

ဦ 9(a) L1=7.26m/L2=5.35m/ ɗ =PH / ɘ =PL ॡ ̝ Ꮾ ΍ (15.70dBm)Ѝᙉ

TMKr (Peak) 1551.91nm 16.18dBm

LMkr C: D: C-D:

-100.0 dBm

ဦ 9(b) L1=7.26m/L2=5.35m/ ɗ =PL / ɘ =PH ॡ ̝ Ꮾ ΍ (16.18dBm)Ѝᙉ

3. ᖣአ੨݈ޢШࠄ፬ϞᇴͽԼචᆧৈඈ̼ड़ڍęϤ(ˬ)̏

ۢዋ༊۞አፋ LPG ೧ˢҜཉĂΞֹώ͛າߛၹ̝Ꮾ΍

π؃ޘјΑ۞࣒ϒҌ 15.92dBm Ų1dBĂତ඾ԧࣇྏ඾አ ፋɗ̈́ɘϞᇴ੨ཉ̂̈Ăԓ୕ਕಶາߛၹ̝ᆧৈඈ̼఍

நซҖ຋አĄ

ဦ 12(a)ă(b)̶Ҿࠎ L1=7.26mƟL2=2.48mƟɗ=120mW Ɵɘ=145mW ॡ̝າߛၹᏮ΍̈́ ASE ЍᙉĂΞ൴ன̏

ਕ࣒ϒҌ 15.32dBm Ų0.8dB@NFŷ4.8dBĄ

ဦ 13(a)ă(b)̶Ҿࠎ L1=7.26mƟL2=2.48mƟɗ=120mW Ɵɘ=135mW ॡ̝າߛၹᏮ΍̈́ ASE ЍᙉĂΞ൴ன̏

ਕ࣒ϒҌ 14.73dBm Ų0.55dB@NFŷ4.8dBĄ

4. ࠎរᙋ “݈ൺޢܜ” ੨ཉ۞ቁਕٛ੼າߛၹ̝Ꮾ΍ĂГ Լа L1=3mƟL2=7.26mƟɗ=120mWƟɘ=145mW ੨ ཉĂඕڍᏮ΍ٛ੼Ҍ 17.17dBmĂπ؃ޘᚶᜈჯ޺ 2dBĂ ͷ NFŷ4.8dBĂтဦ 14(a)ٙϯćԓ୕ࢫҲᗕШࠄ፬Ϟ ᇴͽᒔ פՀҲ јώĂ ߇щ ଵ L1= 3 m Ɵ L2= 7 . 2 6 m Ɵ

(6)

LMkr C: D: C-D:

-20.0 dBm

ဦ 10(a) L1=5.35m/L2=8.42m/ɗ=PL /ɘ=PHॡ̝ ASE Ѝ ᙉ(ரࠎν้)

LMkr C: D: C-D:

-20.0 dBm

ဦ 10(b) L1=5.35m/L2=6.26m/ɗ=PL /ɘ=PHॡ̝ ASE Ѝ ᙉ(ரࠎΠ้)

TMkr (Peak) 1551.63nm 15.92dBm

LMkr C: -6.0dBm D: -16.0dBm C-D: 10.0dB

-26.0 dBm

ဦ 11(a) L1=7.26m/L2=3m/ɗ=PL /ɘ=PHॡ EDFA ̝Ꮾ΍

Ѝᙉ (15.92dBm)

LMkr C: D: C-D:

-20.0 dBm

ဦ 11(b) L1=7.26m/L2=3m/ɗ=PL /ɘ=PHॡ ASE Ѝᙉ

LMkr C: D: C-D:

REF -15.0

dBm 1.0dB /div -20.0 dBm

-25.0 dBm

ဦ 12(a) L1=7.26m/L2=2.48m/ɗ=120mW/ɘ=145mW ॡ EDFA Ꮾ΍(15.32dBm)Ѝᙉ

LMkr C: D: C-D:

-20.0 dBm

ဦ 12(b) L1=7.26m/L2=2.48m/ɗ=120mW/ɘ=145mW ॡ ASE Ѝᙉ

(7)

LMkr C: D: C-D:

REF -15.0

dBm 1.0dB /div -20.0 dBm

-25.0 dBm

ဦ 13(a) L1=7.26m/L2=2.48m/ɗ=120mW/ɘ=135mW ॡ EDFA Ꮾ΍(14.73dBm)Ѝᙉ

LMkr C: D: C-D:

-20.0 dBm

ဦ 13(b) L1=7.26m/L2=2.48m/ɗ=120mW/ɘ=135mW ॡ ASE Ѝᙉ

ɗ=ɘ=125mW ੨ཉĂඕڍາߛၹᏮ΍ࠎ 16.59dBmĂπ

؃ޘர̂ٺ 2dBĂͷ NFŷ4.8dBĂтဦ 14(b)ٙϯĄ

̱ăඕ ኢ

ώ͛ٙ೩Ķಏ࿩डᗕШࠄ፬ķEDFA າၹޥĂགྷ၁ү

̏រᙋ׎ߛၹቁᛳΞҖĂᔵ൒дᆧৈপّ˯Ϗਕ྿ז˘ਠ ĶᗕШࠄ፬ķEDFA ۞੼ᆧৈপᕇĂҭ఺͹ࢋߏЯາߛၹ

̚Ă݈ޢШᏴϡ˘࡭ࠄ፬گܜ(Ӯϡ 980nm)ٙ࡭ů࠹Т۞

፬ᐽਕลጱ࡭اณͅཉड़ڍ̂χԶљĂ৷ᛳܧጼ̝ཋĈ tradeoff ҃̏ćΞߏΩ˘͞ࢬĂώ͛າߛၹ۞నࢍݒೱפ˞

่ᅮֹϡ˘Ϊ 980nm گܜࠄ፬࿩डĂ߇׍౯ѣໂָ̝јώ ᐹ๕Ă҃ͷ˵ซ˘Վҹڇ˞Ķ݈Шࠄ፬ķߛၹЯ೧ˢ LPG үᆧৈඈ̼̝ඃӧ / Ꮾ΍Ҝ໤ົࢫҲ 3dBĂ߇ٺϏֽЍញ ٸ̂ጡξಞ˯Ăώ͛າၹޥΞ୕јࠎкگܜᏮˢ፟ݭ̝

EDFA ۞͹߹ߛၹĄ

LMkr C: D: C-D:

-25.2 dBm

ဦ 14(a) L1=3m/L2=7.26m/α=125mW/β=145mW ॡ EDFA Ꮾ΍ (17.17dBm)Ѝᙉ

LMkr C: D: C-D:

-26.2 dBm

ဦ 14(b) L1=3m/L2=7.26m/α=125mW/β=125mW ॡ EDFA Ꮾ΍(16.59dBm)Ѝᙉ

ώ͛ٙ೩າߛၹགྷ၁үរᙋĂ̏јΑ۞ᒔ଀ C band ቑಛ̰ę(1)π؃ޘ౵ָඕڍĈ14.73dBm Ų0 .55dB@NFŷ 4.8dBć(2)౵੼Ꮾ΍Ҝ໤Ĉ17.17dBm Ų1dB@NFŷ4.8dBć (3) Ҳ ј ώ ͷ ࠄ ፬ Ϟ ᇴ ၆ Ⴭ Ĉ 16.59dBm Ų1.05dB@NF ŷ 4.8dBĄ

дЍញٸ̂ጡ۞ԫఙ൴ण˯ĂĶᆧৈඈ̼఍நķ˘ۡ

ߏкگܜᏮˢ፟ݭ EDFA ࢦࢋ҃ͷ࠹༊ഌ͘۞˘࣎ᛉᗟĂ ώ͛ٙ೩າߛၹЯଳϡ LPG ԫఙү EDFA ᆧৈπ؃̼Ăੵ

׍౯ඈ̼ߛၹᖎಏ̼̝ᐹᕇγĂՀјΑгणϯ˞ዋϡٺк گܜĶᗕШࠄ፬ķߛၹ EDFA నࢍ˯Ĉ˘ទᏭ۞ă׍ఢ݋

ّͷЪந۞ĶವԱᄃҿᕝ LPG ౵ָ೧ˢҜཉķ඀ԔᄃĶྏ

រ EDF ౵ָܜޘķ͞ڱĄ

௑ཱི৶͔

EDFA ၫ⩒Ѝញٸ̂ጡ

(8)

LPG ܜฉഇЍញЍߝ DWDM ღ૜̶گк̍

NF ᗔੈ޽ᇴ

ATC ࠄ፬࿩ड̝ҋજ໢ޘଠט࿪ྮ

APC ࠄ፬࿩ड̝ҋજΑதଠט࿪ྮ

EDF ၫ⩒Ѝញ

Loptimal ၫ⩒Ѝញ౵ָܜޘ

ASE ࠄ፬࿩डٸ̝̂ҋ൴ّٸड PL ࠄ፬ΑதҲࣃ

PH ࠄ፬Αத੼ࣃ ɗ ݈Шࠄ፬Αத ɘ ޢШࠄ፬Αத

ણ҂͛ᚥ

1. Winston, I. W., Broadband Hybrid Fiber/Coax. Access System Technologies, Academic Press, San Diego, pp.

160-206 (1999).

2. Emmanuel, D., Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers: Princi- ples and Applications, Wiley-Interscience, New York, pp.

519-595 (1995).

3. ᛂݴჹĂĶჟᏴᙷͧ၁ϡ࿪ྮะķĂܐۍĂБරࡊԫဦ ३۵Њѣࢨ̳ΦĂέΔĂௐ 189-191 ࢱ (1994)Ą 4. ߸ᕃ͛ĂĶͽΞአዋπᏊёޮ߹໚ᜭજ࿩डߛၹనࢍᄃ

ᄦүЍញѣቢ࿪ෛր௚Ѝ൴ड፟ķĂିֈొˣ˩ˣጯѐ ޘ̂૞७ੰ఼ੈ૞ᗟᄦүᚮᔈˢᏴኢ͛ะĂέΔĂௐ 89-102 ࢱ(2000)Ą

5. OMM-6810B Optical Multimeter: User’s Guide, OMH- 6727B InGaAs Power/Wavehead: Instruction Manual, ILX Lightwave Corporation, Montana (1999).

6. ૝ᑕॡĂĶֻშྮ̈́৫ᇫր௚ֹϡ̝Ѝٸ̂ጡ၁үķĂ

ିֈొˣ˩ˣጯѐޘ̂૞७ੰ఼ੈ૞ᗟᄦүᚮᔈˢᏴ ኢ͛ะĂέΔĂௐ 133-141 ࢱ(2000)Ą

7. ߸ᕃ͛ĂĶֻЍញѣቢ࿪ෛ DWDM ր௚ֹϡůၫ⩒Ѝ ញٸ̂ጡ̝నࢍᄃᄦүķĂିֈొˣ˩˝ጯѐޘ̂૞ੰ

७఼ੈ૞ᗟᄦүᚮᔈˢᏴኢ͛ะĂέΔĂௐ 143-154 ࢱ(2001)Ą

8. Rochette, M., and Guy, M., “Gain Equalization of EDFA’s with Bragg Gratings,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letter, Vol. 11, pp. 536-538 (1999).

9. Yu, A., and O’Mahony, M. J., “Analysis of Dual-Stage Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers with Passive Equalization Filters,” IEEE Proc-Optoelectronics, Vol. 146, No. 3, pp.

153-158 (1999).

10. Jang, J. N., Kim, M. S., Rhee, T. H., and Kwack, K. H.,

“Optical Properties and Reliability of Recoated Long- Period Fiber Gratings for EDFA Gain Flattening,” IEEE LEOS’98, Vol. 1, pp. 259-260 (1998).

11. Xie, Z. H., Chen, G. X., Li, T. J., and Jiang, S. S., “EDFA Gain Spectrum Flattening Based on Long-Period Fiber Gratings,” APCC/OECC’99, Vol. 2, pp. 1358-1361(1999).

12. MS9710B Optical Spectrum Analyzer: Operation Manual, Anritsu Inc., Tokyo (1994).

13. Dennis, D., (Hewlett-Packard), Fiber Optic Test and Measurement, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, pp. 519-595 (1998).

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