Analysis of Aerodynamic Performance and Optimization Design Improvement for Horizontal
─Axis Wind Turbine Blades 卓岳樺、吳佩學
E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The research mainly investigates the aerodynamics analysis methods and an optimization procedure for an upwind, horizontal-axis wind turbine blade, and applies the methodology to the improvement of aerodynamic performance of a turbine rotor previously presented by others, which has a tip-speed ratio of 4, rotor diameter of 6.3 m, three blades, and a rated power output of 25kW. This thesis uses NACA4412 as the original airfoil. Based on the blade element-momentum (BEM) theory, the blade is divided into five sections and a contracting tip section. The five airfoils for these sections are first optimized using a 2-D optimization procedure to find the best combination of parameters and attack angle so that Cl/Cd is optimized. The chord lengths and relative angles of these airfoils are then determined with the optimum rotor theory. A computer program is written to execute the BEM theory. Finally, the five 2-D airfoils are employed to construct a 3-D, three-bladed rotor. Three computational methods, including the BEM program, NREL aero-elasticity program, and Fluent software, are used to compute the power outputs and blade-related data for original NACA4412 blades, optimized NACA4412 blades, and the blades previously proposed by others. The research results show that the 3-D blades with added 2-D optimization procedure have remarkably less required mass than the blades with traditional optimization procedure at comparable power output. In addition, the optimization procedure has a great improvement in power output
compared to that of the un-optimized blades previously proposed by other authors.
Keywords : Wind turbine blades optimization、blade elements momentum theory、optimum blade rotor theory、Power Table of Contents
封面內頁 簽名頁 中文摘要...iii
ABSTRACT...iv 目錄...vi 圖目 錄...viii 表目錄...x 符號說 明...xi 第一章 緒論...1 1.1 研究背 景...1 1.2 研究目的...2 第二章 文獻回
顧...3 2.1.1 作動轉盤理論...4 2.1.2 動量方程 式...5 2.1.3 葉片元素理論...9 2.1.5 最佳轉子理 論...15 2.2 翼型介紹...16 2.3 軟體相關介 紹...17 2.4葉片設計相關理論 ...18 2.5葉片最佳
化...19 第三章 研究方法與結果討論...20 3.1 二維翼型 氣動力計算...20 3.2 三維氣動力運算...29 3.2.3 以最佳轉子理 論求解相對角與最佳弦長...33 3.2.3 以葉片元素動量理論與Aeordyne求解功率與功率係數...34 3.2.3.1工作環境之風況檔...35 3.2.3.2各葉片元素之翼型氣動力檔...37 3.2.3.3 AERODYNE輸入檔...40 3.2.3.4 YAWDYNE輸入檔...41 3.3 以Solidworks建立葉片...43 3.4 以Fluent計算風機轉子性能...46 3.4.1 流場建模...46 3.4.2 建立流場網格 ...48 3.4.3 設定條件與求 解...50 3.4.4 後處理...54 第四章 結論 58 4.1 NACA2412二維 翼型之結論 ...58 4.2 三維葉片最佳化之結果...58 4.3 Fluent計算之 結果...59 4.4 BEM程式、YAWDYNE與FLUENT計算結果之比較...59 參 考文獻...60 附錄1...62 BEM計算程式(
改寫自Cencelli【16】)...62 REFERENCES
【1】 http://news.rti.org.tw/index_newsContent.aspx?nid=299596&projectID=2 【2】洪國琮，”論全球風力發電產業的現況與前景”師範 大學_能源教育資訊網，網址 http://energy.ie.ntnu.edu.tw/ 【3】BTM Consult Aps, 2002, "International Wind Energy Development", Word
Market Update 2001, Ringkoebing, Denmark. 【4】Wu, P.S., Kung, M.Y., Wu, H.Y, and Chang, C.J., 2010, “Numerical Investigation of Aerodynamic Characteristics of a New Wind Turbine,” IEEE 3CA 2010 Vol. 1, pp. 367-370. 【5】H.W. Chi, P.S. Wu, H.Y. Wu, K.Y. Chang, Y.H. Jhuo and P.Y. Chen, 2012, “Aerodynamic Optimization of a 2-D Wind Turbine Blade” CSME C09-007. 【6】牛山泉、三野正洋(共著)(
賴耿陽譯著)，1982，小型風車設計與製造，復漢出版社，台南市。 【7】Eldridge, F. R., 1980, “Wind Machines,” 2nd Ed., The MITRE Energy Resources and Environmental Series, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. 【8】Burton, T., Sharpe, D., Jenkins,N., and Boossanyi, E., 2001, Wind Energy Handbook, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 【9】Manwell, J.F., McGowan, J.G., and Rogers, A.L., 2002, Wind Energy Explained, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 【10】David, M.E., Forrest S.S.,1987, Wind Turbine Engineering Design, VAN NOSTRAND REINHOLD 【11
】Betz,A.,1919, Schraubenpropeller mit geringstem energieverlust.Gottinger Nachr., Germany 【12】網址:
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/airfoil 【13】Anderson,J.D. Jr., 2007, Fundamentals of Aerodynamics, 4th ed., MaGraw-Hill. 【14
】網址: http://web.mit.edu/drela/Public/web/xfoil/ 【15】J.L.Tangler, D.M.Somers, 1995, ”NREL Airfoil Families for HAWTS” 【16
】Cencelli, N.A., 2006, “Aerodynamic Optimization of a Small -scale Wind Turbine Blade for Low Windspeed Conditions,” Master thesis, University of Stellenbosch. 【17】邱榮權、陳昆男、流上其、陳品揚，2010，"風力機葉片結構多目標最佳化設計”，2010臺灣風能學術 研討會，12月17日，臺灣、澎湖，論文集pp. 230-235。 【18】Jureczko, M., Pawlak, M., and Mezyk, A., 2005, “Optimisation of wind turbine blades,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 167, pp. 463-471. 【19】Narayanan, S., Azarm, S., 1999, ”On improving Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm for design optimization,” Structural Optimization, 18, pp. 146-155. 【20】Chi, H.W., Wu, P.S., Kamiru, C., Jhuo, Y.H., and Wu.,H.Y, 2012, “Improved aerodynamic optimization for the design of wind turbine blades,” J. of Vibroengineering, Vol. 14, Issue 3, pp. 1132-1140.
