台灣地區兒童頭部外傷之探討
A Study of Head Injury in Children in Taiwan
中文摘要
為了探討台灣地區兒童頭部外傷的情形，本研究收集民國82 年 7 月 1 日至 90 年 6 月 30 日八年間，台灣地區 55 家公私立醫院 0-14 歲兒童因頭部外傷就診的病 歷為研究資料，共收集5,349 名。年齡層分為 0-4、5-9 及 10-14 歲，以 0-4 歲及 10-14 歲此兩年齡層所佔的比例較大，分別佔 35.5％及 37.2％；以性別來看，男 童有3,345 人，所佔的比例為女童的 1.69 倍，且年齡越大的組別男女比越大；
以發生原因來看，主要為車禍(47.3%)及跌落(40.3%)；其中，年齡越小的組別發 生跌落的機會就越高，而年齡越大的組別車禍所佔的比例也就越高。在車禍種類
中，車禍時所使用的交通工具，以機車事故發生率最高，共2,537 人
（36.1％），其次為行走（27.4％）及腳踏車事故（21.4％），跌落的情形中，
以低處跌落（1 公尺以下）佔最高的比例。以受傷嚴重度〈Glasgow Coma Scale〉
來看，輕度傷害者佔83.1%，中度傷害佔 9.8%，重度傷害則佔 7.0%；預後結果 中死亡的共有140 人（2.8％），而預後結果良好的則佔 89.7％。兒童事故傷害 的發生，雖不能完全避免，但大部份絕對是可以事先預防的，我們可以從家庭 安全設計、道路安全規畫、車輛安全管理、學童安全等方面著手，有效預防兒童 傷害的發生，減輕傷害的嚴重程度，給予下一代一個安全的成長環境。
英文摘要
A study of head injury among children was undertaken from July 1st, 1993 to June 30th, 2001. Head injuries clinical records and inpatient charts were collected from 55 major hospitals for the age group of 0-14 year-olds. A total of 5,349 cases were identified. The male to female ratio was 1.69:1; the incidence rate was higher in the 0- 4 and 10-14 year-old groups. The result of this study showed that falls is the main reason for younger age group whereas the older age group is traffic injury. In traffic injury, motorcycle has the highest incidence rate, later comes pedestrians and bicycles. This study found that mild injured has 83.1%, moderate injured has 9.8%
and severe injured has 7.0%. The mild injured has a better recovery rate whereas the severe injured has a higher mortality rate. Therefore, it is very important to decrease all the risk factors in the environment of homes and public areas. As for
transportation, helmet wearing and the development of public transportation is an important key for prevention. If injury can be prevented and incidence reduced, social and financial burden will decrease.
