使用「民族」與「國家」尺標檢驗阿拉伯歷史的結構:以History of the Arabs一書之撰述為核心 - 政大學術集成

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(1)中阿文庫. ࠌ‫ش‬ψ‫ا‬ගωፖψഏ୮ω֡ᑑᛀ᧭ॳࢮ ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ऱ৬ዌѧѧ‫ א‬History of the Arabs ԫ஼հᐷ૪੡ு֨ ᎓ટᆳ**. 28. ኴ૞ ॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫ܧء֮׾‬෼‫נ‬ऱᖵ‫׾‬౧࿮Δլ؆ਢ༛ထอएृ ऱ‫ޓ‬૯ΔՈ༉ਢψഏ୮‫׾‬ωऱ৬ዌၞ۩Ζ‫܀‬ਢᅝ຃ழ ΰdiachronicallyαᛀီॳࢮ‫܄‬ഏ୮‫׾‬ழΔ‫ݺ‬ଚ࿇෼ψ፞‫ײ‬อ एழཚωፖψ჋ቹ೷Ւۘࠡ০ഏழཚωऱอएृࠀլਢॳࢮ ‫܄‬ԳΔথ‫א‬ψॳࢮ‫܄‬ഏ୮‫׾‬ωऱֱ‫ܧڤ‬෼Δۖ‫ڇ׊‬ຍ९ሒ 666 ‫ڣ‬ऱᖵ‫׾‬ၸ੄խΔॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ऱ‫׌‬Գౖѧѧॳࢮ‫܄‬ԳΔ‫ڇ‬ψഏ ୮‫׾‬ω ΰ‫ܛ‬ψ০ഏ‫׾‬ωempire historyαऱਮዌՀ๯ឆ៲Δথធ ੒ऱ‫࣍ڇژ‬ຍଡᖵ‫׾‬ၸ੄հխΔࠀ‫ ڇ‬20 ‫׈‬ધᇍ᧢‫ګ‬෼‫֏ז‬ ऱॳࢮ‫܄‬ഏ୮Ζ‫׼‬؆Δᅝ‫ݺ‬ଚᛀီ༏୉ᙉខऱψॳࢸཎশߺ ࿇০ഏழཚω ΔঞԾ࿇෼‫ڇ‬ຍ 508 ‫ڣ‬ऱᖵ‫׾‬ၸ੄խΔॵ᥆࣍ ॳࢸཎཛࢨਢፖॳࢸཎࠀ٨ऱশߺ࿇ࢨᤕկΰSultanαਙᦞΔ ຝ։ਢ‫܄ࢮॳط‬ԳอएΔຝٝঞ‫ܡ‬Δ‫ٵ‬ԫழཚΰsynchronicallyα ‫ܧ‬෼‫اנ‬ග‫ڍ‬ցऱൣႨΔۖ‫׊‬ຍࠄᤕկഏፖॳࢸཎཛ٥ࠆॳ ࢮ‫܄‬ഏ୮‫׾‬Ղψॳࢸཎশߺ࿇০ഏழཚωऱᖵ‫ټ׾‬ጠΖ ૞ᇞެψॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ωፖψॳࢮ‫܄‬ഏ୮‫׾‬ωհၴऱᆵ஁Δ ‫֗א‬ψഏ୮‫׾‬ωྤऄො።ᖞଡᖵ‫׾‬ऱܺឫΔ‫ڇ‬৬ዌᖵ‫׾‬ऱ৸ ፂֱ‫ڤ‬Ղ‫׏ۿ‬ᚨᇠ೚ԫଡ‫᧢ޏ‬Ζ‫ڼڂ‬Δ‫֮ء‬ቫᇢ‫܄ࢮॳش‬ψ‫ا‬. **. ‫ء‬ᓵ֮ᆖ؆ᐉຏመ৵‫࿆ע‬ ഏ‫م‬ਙएՕᖂॳࢮ‫܄‬፿֮ᖂߓറٚᝑஃ. 51.

(2) ග‫׾‬ω ΰethnohistoryαࠐ࠷‫ז‬ψഏ୮‫׾‬ω Δཚࠌψॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ω ऱᐷᐊ౨ᒔኔ।ሒ‫ݙ‬ᖞऱॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫ݮ׾‬ᎎΖ‫اڇ‬ගᖂઔߒऱ ઌᣂᏆ഑խΔψॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගωऱᄗ࢚૞ֺψॳࢮ‫܄‬Գωᣤ᠃ 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. ๺‫ڍ‬Δ‫֮ء‬ಘᓵऱᒤ໮ਝਢམᆖ‫ڇ‬ຍᐖՕ‫چ‬೴৬‫م‬ਙᦞऱอ एृፖ๯อएृऱᖵ‫׾‬Δψ‫ا‬ගωऱ੺ࡳঁᙇᖗᠾཋऱψॳ ࢮ‫܄‬ԳωհᒤᡱΔՈ༉ਢ࠷ψॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගႃቸωऱრොࠐ৬ ዌψॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග‫׾‬ω Ζ. ᣂ᝶ဲΚ‫ا‬ග‫׾‬Εഏ୮‫׾‬Εॳࢮ‫׾܄‬Εխࣟ‫׾‬Εْཎᥞ‫׾‬. 52.

(3) 中阿文庫. Using the Ethnos and State Scales to Examine the Construction of the Arabic History – Focusing on the Writing of the Book “History of the Arabs” Chao, Chiu-Ti. 28. Abstracts Most of the archives of Arabic history appear to follow the succession of the rulers, i.e., proceed along with the history of state.. However, in examining the Arabic state history. diachronically, we found that during the Mongolian Ruling Period and the Osman Turkish Empire Period the rulers were not Arabs, yet these periods are part of the Arabic State History. For as long as 666 years during the two Empire periods, the main constituent – the Arabs, were hidden under the framework of the history of state.. Yet they played a major part of the. history and transcended into modern Arabic States in the 20th century. In examining the Abbasid caliphate period, we also found that during the 508 years, part of the caliphate or Sultan regimes, whether subordinated to or co-existed with Abbasid caliphate dynasty, were ruled by the Arabs, while others were ruled by the non-Arabs, showing a diversity of multi-ethnics synchronously. These Sultan or Abbasid caliphate dynasty all enjoyed the historical name of Abbasid Caliphate Empire Period in the 53.

(4) Arabic State History. To reconcile the discrepancies between the History of the Arabs and the History of the Arabic State, and the trouble with 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. the History of the Arabic State for not being able to cover the history in its entirety, it seems that we need a new dimension in the historical construction.. Therefore, this study tries to. substitute the History of ethnos for the History of State, so that the writing of the History of Arabs can faithfully and comprehensively represent the picture of the Arabic history. In the field of ethnology research, the concept of the ethnos of Arabs is more solid and concrete than the Arabs.. Since the. scope of this study is the history of the rulers and their people who had built their regimes in the wide territory over the past, it is naturally derived that we select the loosely defined Arabs as the definition of ethnos. In other words, we use the connotation of the Arabic Ethnic Group to construct the Ethnic History of the Arabs.. Key words: History of EthnosΕHistory of StateΕHistory of ArabsΕHistory of the Middle EastΕHistory of Islam. 54.

(5) 1. ፃᓵ ॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱᖵ‫אڇ׾‬ψᑛ੊խ֨ᓵω੡‫׌‬ၗऱ۫੉‫׾‬ᒤ 中阿文庫. ᡱխ๯ီ੡ᢰၾΔ‫ڕ‬ຽ࡜ዿΰWilliam H. McNeillα࿝ՀΔॳ ࢮ‫܄‬Գऴࠩ 636AD ႁᗪ‫܌‬ΰYarmǌkαᖏ‫ؚݰ‬ඓԱਈ‫ݪ׭‬Δ ᤉۖ࣍ 641AD ၞ‫ੌࣾࠟ۾‬഑Ε642AD ‫ސ‬Հୗ֗Ε651AD ᄰ. 28. Ա៳ੱ‫׆‬ཛΰSassanian dynastyαթ‫࿆ڤإ‬Ղᖵ‫׾‬ፘ‫؀‬Ζ1ྥ ۖॳࢮ‫܄‬Գ৬‫م‬ऱլ‫׽‬ਢԫଡ০ഏΔ‫ޓ‬ਢԫጟ֮֏Δ،ᤉࢭ Աࢍ௑ߺཎࣾΕؔ࿇ࢮࢍࣾΕ‫؍‬ᢅࣾੌ഑‫چ֗א‬խ௧ࣟࡾ ΰLevantαऱ‫֮ࣔ۔ײ‬ΙՈ‫֏ٵࠀ࠷ܮ‬Ա‫ݦ‬ᢊᢅ್֮֏ऱૹ ૞௽ᐛΖխ‫׈‬ધழΔᑛ੊෡࠹ࠡᐙ᥼Δॳࢮ‫֏֮܄‬໦ᙌԱ۫ ֱΔࠌհ‫ޡ‬Ղ֮ᢌ༚ᘋհຜΔ‫ڇ‬խ‫׈‬ધၸ੄Δॳࢮ‫܄‬Գ‫֗א‬ ᎅॳࢮ‫܄‬፿ऱ‫ا‬ග੡Գᣊၞ‫ޡ‬ಥ᣸࠱ထΔࠡ‫اה‬ගྤԳ౨ඨ ࠡႈહΖ2ᕣጥ‫ڼڕ‬Δॳࢮ‫܄‬ऱᖵ‫׾‬থࡹࡺ‫׾੺׈‬ऱԫߡΔ‫إ‬ ‫ٵڕ‬ቱْཤΰJohann Gustav DroysenαࢬߢΔ‫׾‬୮౨‫ܧ‬෼ড় ᨠऱ‫ڤݮ‬Δ‫ܠ‬Գս‫ױ‬ტᤚࠩ‫׌‬ᨠऱრߠΖ3‫ڇ‬Բ‫੺׈ڻ‬Օᖏ࿨ ‫ޔ‬հছΔֱ۫‫׾‬ᖂ‫׌‬ᨠऱᎁ੡ᐷᐊԫຝ‫׾੺׈‬Δլ؆ਢԫຝ ᑛ੊‫׾‬Δࠅ੊Εॺ੊࿛ૹ૞‫چ‬೴ઃ๯෉‫ݱ‬ᙊඵԱΖ4 19 ‫׈‬ધፖ 20 ‫׈‬ધॣཚऱֱ۫‫׾‬ᖂᅳᅴᖃ‫ڙ‬Δ5ࠟ‫੺׈ڻ‬ Օᖏऱ߀ᣄࠨᖿԱ‫׾‬ᖂ୮ऱᨠ࢚Δֱലᨠኘऱီມ‫ࠩ୴ދ‬ᑛ ੊‫א‬؆ऱ‫੺׈‬Ζࠟ‫ڻ‬ᖏ‫ݰ‬հၴΔలᤄᕟ֣ኊऱભഏᖵ‫׾‬ᖂृ ‫༼ݦ‬ΰPhilip K. Hittiα࣍ 1937 ‫ڣ‬ᐊ༉πॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱᖵ‫׾‬ρ ΰHistory of the Arabs: From the Earliest Times to the Presentα 1. William H. Mcneill, The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community.ΰChicago & London: The University of Chicago Press, 1966α, P.417. 2 Philip K. Hitti, History of the Arabs: From the Earliest Times to the Present.ΰrevised 10th editionα ΰNew York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002α, P.4. 3 ቱْཤΰJohann Gustav DroysenαထΔ‫ྸ܇‬ΰJorn RusenαᒳΔ઺࣑ཕ᤟Δ πᖵ‫׾‬वᢝऱ෻ᓵρ ΰHistorikαΔ ΰ‫ק؀‬Κຽ‫נض‬ठषΔ2002 ‫ڣ‬αΔ଄ 99Ζ 4 ‫ޙ‬ፂሎΔ π‫׾‬ᖂֱऄᓵρΰ14 ठαΰ‫ק؀‬Κ‫ޙ‬ፂሎ࿇۩Δ2001 ‫ڣ‬α Δ଄ 332Ζ 5 ‫ޙ‬ፂሎΔ π‫׾‬ᖂֱऄᓵρΔ଄ 455Ζ. 55.

(6) 6. ԫ஼Δਢԫຝ‫ݙ‬ᖞऱॳࢮ‫܄‬ຏ‫׾‬Δլመ‫ה‬ऱᐷ૪սऎ‫੉۫ش‬. ‫׾‬ऱ৬ዌᑓ‫ڤ‬Δലॳࢮ‫܄‬ऱᖵ‫׾‬౧࿮༛ထॳࢮ‫܄‬০ഏ‫ٺ‬ཛऱ ਙᦞ৬‫م‬ፖ௣ຓ։੡ψᡵਡழཚΰ610ADαհছω Ε ψᗪߔᚈ 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. ᐚ ፖ ؄ Օ শ ߺ ࿇ ΰ 610-661AD αωΕψ ٔ ຽ ᆺ শ ߺ ࿇ ০ ഏ ΰ Umayyad caliphate,661-750AD αωΕψ ॳ ࢸ ཎ শ ߺ ࿇ ০ ഏ ΰ‘AbbƗsid caliphate,750-1258ADαωΕψ፞‫ײ‬อएፖ್ֵሁ‫܌‬ ‫ ׆‬ཛ ΰ Mamlǌks,1258-1517AD αωΕψ ჋ ቹ ೷ Ւ ۘ ࠡ ০ ഏ ΰ Ottoman,1299-1517-1924AD αω ‫ ֗ א‬ψ ෼ ‫ ܄ ࢮ ॳ ז‬ഏ ୮ ΰ1924-վα ω࿛Ԯଡᖵ‫׾‬։ཚΖຍᑌऱ։ཚֱ‫ڤ‬ኔբ‫ګ‬੡ॳ ࢮ‫܄‬ઌᣂ‫׾‬஼ऱᑑᄷ৬ࠫ7Δਢࠉ༛อएृऱ‫ޓ‬૯ΔՈ༉ਢψഏ ୮‫׾‬ω8ऱ৬ዌ଺ঞၞ۩Ζ ‫܀‬ਢᅝ຃ழᛀီॳࢮ‫܄‬ഏ୮‫׾‬ழΔ‫ݺ‬ଚ࿇෼ψ፞‫ײ‬อए ழཚωፖψ჋ቹ೷Ւۘࠡ০ഏழཚωऱอएृࠀլਢψॳࢮ ‫܄‬ԳωΔথ‫א‬ψॳࢮ‫܄‬ഏ୮‫׾‬ωऱֱ‫ܧڤ‬෼Δۖ‫ڇ׊‬ຍ९ሒ 666 ‫ڣ‬ऱᖵ‫׾‬ၸ੄խΔॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ऱ‫׌‬Գౖѧѧॳࢮ‫܄‬ԳΔ ‫ڇ‬ψഏ୮‫׾‬ωऱਮዌՀ๯ឆ៲Δথធ੒ऱ‫࣍ڇژ‬ຍᖵ‫׾‬ၸ੄ հխΔࠀ‫ڇ‬ԲԼ‫׈‬ધᇍ᧢‫ګ‬෼‫֏ז‬ऱॳࢮ‫܄‬ഏ୮Ζ‫׼‬؆Δᅝ ᛀီ༏୉ᙉខऱψॳࢸཎশߺ࿇০ഏழཚωΔঞԾ࿇෼‫ڇ‬ຍ ଡ 508 ‫ڣ‬ऱᖵ‫׾‬ၸ੄խΔॵ᥆࣍ॳࢸཎ০ഏࢨਢፖॳࢸཎࠀ ٨ऱশߺ࿇ࢨᤕկΰSultƗnαਙᦞΔຝ։‫܄ࢮॳط‬ԳอएΔ ຝ։ঞ‫ܡ‬Δ‫ٵ‬ԫழཚ‫ܧ‬෼‫اנ‬ග‫ڍ‬ցऱൣႨΔۖ‫׊‬ຍࠄᤕկ ഏፖॳࢸཎཛ٥ࠆॳࢮ‫܄‬ഏ୮‫׾‬Ղψॳࢸཎশߺ࿇০ഏழ 6. ᇠ஼խ᤟‫ࠡࠉء‬ᖵ‫׾‬ᖂ᥆ࢤ᤟੡πॳࢮ‫܄‬ຏ‫׾‬ρΔ್ഒ᤟Δ‫ࠇק‬೸೭‫ٱ‬஼塢 1990 ‫۩עڣ‬Ζ ᛀီ Bernard LewisπᏦᖯْཎᥞ‫׾‬ρፖ William L. Clevelandπ෼‫ז‬խࣟ‫׾‬ρ ΰᇡ৵ᓵ૪α Δ஼ᐊ ْᥞᖵ‫׾‬ऱ։ཚֱ‫ڤ‬ՈԫીΙ‫ޥ‬௻‫܄ࢮॳچ‬೏խᖵ‫׾‬ᓰ‫ྥٍء‬Δࠏ‫ ڕ‬2005-2006 ‫ޥڣ‬௻‫چ‬ඒߛຝ ቇૡ೏խԫ‫్ڣ‬ᖵ‫׾‬ᓰ‫ ء‬Tarikh al-Anbiya’ wa as-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah wa Intishar al-Islam ፖ 2006-2007 ‫ڣ‬೏խԲ‫్ڣ‬ᖵ‫׾‬ᓰ‫ ء‬Jawanib min Tarikh al-Muslimin al-KhaTari wa as-SiyasiΖ 8 ‫֮ء‬ᓵ֗ψਙएኔ᧯ωऱᖵ‫א׾‬ψഏ୮‫׾‬ωጠհΔࠡრො࿛‫ٵ‬෼‫ז‬ഏ୮ᘋದհছऱψ০ഏ‫׾‬ωΖ ‫ڇ‬ಘᓵॳࢮ‫׾܄‬ழΔ‫ٺ‬ၸ੄ࢨ‫ٺ‬ழཚ‫ټ‬ጠհ৵ऱਙᦞጠᘯΔխ֮஼ᤄխ࢓࢓‫נ‬෼ψ০ഏω Ε ψཛωΕ ψ‫׆‬ཛω Ε ψ‫׆‬ഏω࿛լ‫ٵ‬ጠᘯΖ‫א֮ء‬ψ০ഏωࢨψཛωጠশߺ࿇ഏ৫Δᓵ૪ᇠၸ੄ਙᦞᤜᠲழ ࠌ‫ش‬ψ০ഏω Ιߢ֗ᖵ‫شࠌ֏֮׾‬ψཛω Δ‫א׼‬ψ‫׆‬ཛωጠ‫ֱچ‬ਙᦞࢨ০ഏഹದছऱ࿇ᇾழཚΖ 7. 56.

(7) ཚωऱᖵ‫ټ׾‬ጠΖ ॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ऱຑᥛࢤլ‫ڂ‬๯፞‫ײ‬ԳፖՒۘࠡԳอएۖ խឰΔॳࢮ‫܄‬Գԫऴ‫ڇژ‬Δॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱᖵ‫ঁ׾‬ԫऴၞ۩Ιॳ 中阿文庫. ࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ऱො።૿ΔՈլ‫᧯׌ڂ‬ਙᦞऱೣ‫ڜ‬ԫၻ࢙ۖီ‫چٺ‬ ഹದऱ‫ֱچ‬ਙᦞΔᙟထॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱᐖ‫܉‬Δॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ಖሉऱ ᤛߡՈ‫ؘ‬ႊᓳᖞΖ‫܀‬ਢॳࢮ‫܄‬ψഏ୮‫׾‬ωऱ৬ዌֱ‫ྤڤ‬ऄᒔ. 28. ኔො።ᖞଡॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱᖵ‫׾‬Δٍ‫ܛ‬Δॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ૉ‫܄ࢮॳא‬ ψഏ୮‫׾‬ωऱֱ‫ܧڤ‬෼Δψ፞‫ײ‬อएழཚωፖψ჋ቹ೷Ւۘ ࠡ০ഏழཚωঁ‫܄ࢮॳڇ‬ᖵ‫׾‬Ղ‫נ‬෼ឰᐋΙૉ‫ܧ׽‬෼ψഏ୮ ‫׾‬ω Δ ψॳࢸཎশߺ࿇০ഏழཚωऱ‫چٺ‬ᤕկਙᦞΔ༉լᚨᇠ ‫܄ࢮॳڇ‬ᖵ‫׾‬Ղ‫נ‬෼Ζ૞ᇞެॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ፖഏ୮‫׾‬հၴऱᆵ ஁Δ‫֗א‬ψഏ୮‫׾‬ωլ౨ො።ᖞଡᖵ‫׾‬ऱܺឫΔ‫ڇ‬ᖵ‫׾‬ऱ৸ ፂֱ‫ڤ‬Ղ‫׏ۿ‬ᚨᇠ೚ԫଡ‫᧢ޏ‬Ζ‫ڼڂ‬Δ‫֮ء‬ቫᇢ‫܄ࢮॳش‬ψ‫ا‬ ග‫׾‬ωࠐ࠷‫ז‬ψഏ୮‫׾‬ωΔཚࠌψॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ωऱᐷᐊ౨ᒔ ኔ।ሒ‫ݙ‬ᖞऱॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫ݮ׾‬ᎎΖ ‫اڇ‬ගᖂઔߒऱઌᣂᏆ഑խΔψॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගωऱᄗ࢚૞ ֺψॳࢮ‫܄‬Գωᣤ᠃๺‫ڍ‬Δૉࠉᖕψ፿ߢωऱࠌ‫ࠐش‬ቤ։ॳ ࢮ‫ا܄‬ග9Δߩ‫א‬ല෼վ 22 ଡॳࢮ‫܄‬ഏ୮ऱॳࢮ‫܄‬Գ೴։੡ 13 ଡ‫ا‬ගΖ10‫֮ء‬ಘᓵऱᒤ໮ਝྥਢམᆖ‫ڇ‬ຍᐖՕ‫چ‬೴৬‫م‬ ਙᦞऱอएृፖ๯อएृऱᖵ‫׾‬Δψ‫ا‬ගωऱ੺ࡳঁᙇᖗᠾ 9. ‫ނ‬፿ߢऱᣂএኙᚨࠩ‫ا‬ගߪՂΔ፿ߢਢ‫ا‬ග່ഗ‫ء‬ऱ௽ᐛΔ‫ش‬ԫଡ፿ߢኙᚨԫଡ‫ا‬ගΔ‫شܓ‬፿ ߢऱߓᢜ‫܂‬։ᣊΔ‫اڇ‬ගᖂ੺ཏሙᔞ‫ش‬Ζઌᣂᓵ૪೶ᔹࣥଥዲΔ π଺۰‫ا‬ऱ‫ا‬ගᎁࡳρΔ ΰ‫ק؀‬Κ ۩ਙೃ଺۰‫ࡡا‬୉ᄎΔ2001 ‫ڣ‬αΔ଄ 19ΖࣥଥዲΔπ଺۰‫ߪا‬։ᎁࡳऱઔߒρΔ‫ק؀‬Κ۩ਙೃ଺ ‫ا‬ᄎΔ1999 ‫ڣ‬Δ଄ 27Ζ႓৙ᒤΔ π፿ߢΕषᄎፖගᆢრᢝΚ‫؀‬᨜፿ߢषᄎᖂऱઔߒρ ΰ‫ק؀‬Κ֮ ᦊΔ1994 ‫ڣ‬α Δ଄ 170ΖMaxime Rodinson, Translated by Arthur Guldhammer,The Arabs,ΰ London: Croom Helm Limited, 1981α, P.5 ; p.49. 10 ෼վॳࢮ‫܄‬ഏ୮ࠌ‫ش‬ऱ፿ߢ‫ץ‬ਔ Afro-Asiatic ࢬ᥆ऱ BerberΕCushiticΕSemitic Կଡ፿ගΔ፿ ගऱቤ։੺ᒵፖॳࢮ‫܄‬Գ‫ژس‬Ւ‫چ‬ऱ೴഑։໊ᒵΔՕી‫ٽܭ‬ΖSemitic ፿ග։‫֗୾ת܄ࢮॳڇ܉‬ ‫ॺק‬Օຝ։೴഑Δ‫ڇ‬᥆࣍ Semitic ፿ගऱॳࢮ‫܄‬፿ΰStandard Arabic LanguageαհՀΔࡸ‫ױ‬೴։ ‫ נ‬MesopotamianΕLevantineΕGulfΕHijazi-NajidiΕArabian SeaΕEgyptianΕLibyanΕTunisianΕ AlgerianΕMoroccanΕHassaniyyaΕSudaneseΕTigrigna ࿛ 13 ଡψᇩω೴Δઌኙቤ։‫ נ‬13 ଡ‫ا‬ගΔ ຍ 13 ଡࠌ‫ش‬լ‫ٵ‬ψᇩωऱ‫ا‬ගΔ٥‫ګิٵ‬Գଚጠ੡ψॳࢮ‫܄‬Գωऱψॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගႃቸω Ζઌᣂᓵ ૪೶ᔹ᎓ટᆳΔ τॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱ‫ا‬ගᎁࡳѧѧኙψᑑᄷॳࢮ‫܄‬፿ω ΰal-Fushahαፖψ‫س‬੒ॳࢮ‫܄‬፿ω ΰal-‘Amiyyahαऱᇞ࣫υ Δ‫گ‬ᙕπ‫ا‬ගᖂ໴ρ25 ཚΰ‫ק؀‬ΚਙएՕᖂ‫ا‬ගᖂߓΔ2006 ‫ڣ‬α Δ଄ 111-143Ζ. 57.

(8) ཋऱψॳࢮ‫܄‬ԳωऱᒤᡱΔՈ༉ਢ࠷ψॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගႃቸωऱ რොࠐ৬ዌψॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග‫׾‬ωΖࢬᘯψഏ୮‫׾‬ωਢ‫א‬խ؇ႃ ᦞऱਙएኔ᧯੡ኙွΕ‫طאױ‬ਙए‫׾‬Εᆖᛎ‫׾‬Ε೴഑‫׾‬Εഏ 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. Ꮎᣂএ‫׾‬Εሀഏ‫֊׾‬ԵಘᓵΙࢬᘯψ‫ا‬ග‫׾‬ωঞਢ‫اא‬ග੡ ኙွΔઔߒದᄭΕᐾᔢΕ᜗૜Εᘋಐհ‫طڂ‬Δ֗ࠡፖ‫ڶ‬ᣂ‫ٺ‬ ‫ا‬ගհᣂএΖψ‫ا‬ග‫׾‬ωፖψ‫ا‬ගऱᖵ‫׾‬ωᚨղ։ᙃΔছृ ਢԫ॰ᖂംऱറጠΔ৵ृঞਐ‫ا‬ගऱᖵ‫ࠃ׾‬ኔΰhistorical factsα Ζ11‫ء‬ઔߒ‫׌‬ᠲএಘᓵ৵ृΔ‫ا܄ࢮॳܛ‬ගႃቸऱᖵ‫׾‬ ࠃኔΖ ‫֮ء‬ቫᇢ‫א‬ψ‫ا‬ගω‫܂‬੡ॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ऱ֡ᑑΔፖψഏ୮ ‫׾‬ω೚ֺኙΔ᧭ᢞ‫א‬ψ‫ا‬ග‫׾‬ω৬ዌॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ऱ‫إ‬ᒔࢤΔ ‫ڇ‬ᛀ᧭ऱመ࿓խ‫א‬πॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱᖵ‫׾‬ρԫ஼ऱᐷ૪փ୲੡ഗ ᄷΖ‫܄ࢮॳ࣍ط‬০ഏऱឩ്ፖْཎᥞऱႚᐾ‫ޡٵ‬ၞ۩Δْཎ ᥞ‫੺׈‬ऱխ֨‫ܛ‬վֲऱխࣟ‫چ‬೴ΰthe Middle Eastα Δಾኙψॳ ࢮ‫܄‬০ഏωऱᖵ‫׾‬ထ૪Δঁ๯‫ڇܶץ‬πْཎᥞඒ‫׾‬ρፖπխ ࣟ‫׾‬ρհխΔ‫֮ءڼڂ‬Ոല໑౏ሁ࣐ՓΰBernard Lewisα πᏦ ᖯْཎᥞ‫׾‬ρ ΰThe Cambridge History of Islamα12 ፖ‫ؗߺ܌‬ ᥞΰWilliam L. Clevelandαπ෼‫ז‬խࣟ‫׾‬ρ ΰA History of the Modern Middle Eastα13٨ԵֺኙፖઔߒऱኙွΖ. 2. ॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱᖵ‫׾‬ၞ࿓ѧѧ຃ழࢤፖ٥ழࢤऱ൶ಘ 2.1 ຃ழࢤऱಘᓵѧѧॳࢮ‫܄‬ऱཛ‫ޓז‬૯ խഏᖵ‫א׾‬ઌຑऱ‫ٺ‬ଡཛ‫ז‬੡‫ټ‬ጠΔ೚੡ᖵ‫׾‬։ཚऱࠉ 11. 58. πႆնषᄎઝᖂՕ᢯ࠢρ ΰร 10 ‫ ם‬Գᣊᖂα Δψ‫ا‬ග‫׾‬ωΰEthnohistoryα᢯යΔ‫ק؀‬Κ‫؀‬᨜೸ ೭‫ٱ‬஼塢Δ1989 ‫ڣ‬Δ଄ 91Ζ 12 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970. 13 Boulder, Colo: Westview Press, 1994..

(9) ᖕΔ‫ڂ‬੡‫׆ٺ‬ཛऱጠᇆ֗࿇୶ႉ‫ݧ‬ਢড়ᨠ‫ڇژ‬ऱࠃኔΔ14‫ٵ‬ᑌ ऱΔॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ऱ։ཚֱ‫ڤ‬Ո๯ᒔ‫م‬Δࠀ‫א‬Հ٨Ԯଡᖵ‫׾‬ၸ ੄‫ܧ‬෼Κ 中阿文庫. ΰ1α ْཎᥞᘋದΰ610ADαհছΰᡵਡழཚα ࢬᘯψᡵਡω ΰJahiliyyahαਢਐԳଚኙْཎᥞඒऱྤवΔ ‫ڇ‬٣वᗪߔᚈᐚΰMuhammad ibn ‘Abdullah,570-632ADαലْ. 28. ཎᥞඒႚ‫܉‬Գၴհছऱຍ੄ழၴঁ๯ጠ੡ψᡵਡழཚωΖ15ຍ ਢ‫ْא‬ཎᥞඒ੡‫ۯء‬Δቤ։‫ْנ‬ཎᥞհছऱྤवፖْཎᥞհ ৵ऱᖵ‫׾‬ၲඔΖኔঞࠀլጐྥΖ ॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග‫۫ڇڰ‬ցছԶΕ԰‫׈‬ધ༉բၲඔᖵ‫׾‬ऱᒧ ີΔ‫ڶ‬ᣂॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගࣔ‫ྤػ‬ᎄऱรԫٙಖሉΔ‫ױ‬ಳᄩࠩ۫ց ছ 853 ‫ڣ‬Ζ16‫ڼڇ‬հ৵Δॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග‫ੌࣾࠟ֗א୾ת܄ࢮॳڇ‬ ഑ԫ൅ᘋದԱᑇଡ‫ټڶ‬ऱ‫׆ֱچ‬ཛΔ‫ץ‬ਔ‫୾ת܄ࢮॳ࣍ۯ‬ত ຝऱ៳֣‫׆‬ཛΰSabaeans, 750BC-115BCα Ε್‫׆ڂ‬ཛΰMinaeans, 700BC- ۫ ց ছ Կ ‫ ׈‬ધ αΕ ። ௽ ఄ ‫ ׆‬ཛ ΰ Qatabanites, 400BC-50BCαΕশሒࢮֻ‫׆‬ཛΰHadaramaut, 450BC-100ADα ፖ‫ֵݦ‬ႁዿ‫׆‬ཛΰHimyarites, 115AD-340ADα Ι‫ੌࣾࠟ࣍ۯ‬഑ ऱ ߷ ֣ ௠ ‫ ׆‬ཛ ΰ Nabatian, 169BC-106AD αΕ ࢆ ‫ ׆ ࢮ ۏ‬ཛ ΰPalmyra, ۫ցԫ‫׈‬ધ-272ADα Ε‫֗א‬Կ‫׈‬ધ‫א‬৵‫ק୾תڇ‬ຝ ‫ګݮ‬ऱ‫׆؍៳ף‬ཛΰGhasƗniαΕဒ᎒‫׆ࠅۏ‬ཛΰRahmiyahα ፖ्ᐚ‫׆‬ཛΰKindaα࿛࿛Ζ ॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගऱᖵ‫ࠀ׾‬լਢൕ٣वᗪߔᚈᐚऱழ‫ז‬թၲࡨ 14. ‫ۂ‬ᚨඩ‫׌‬ᒳΔπխഏ‫ا‬ග‫׾‬ρΰՂα Δΰ‫ࠇק‬Κ‫ا‬ග‫נ‬ठषΔ1990 ‫ڣ‬αΔ଄ 12Ζ ᡵਡழཚࠩࢍ‫ڍڶ‬९Δԫ౳ࠀྤࡳᓵΖ π‫ײ‬ᥞᆖρխΔ ψᡵਡழཚωԫဲ٥‫נ‬෼؄‫ڻ‬Δ։ܑਢ 3 ີ 154 ᆏΕ3 ີ 50 ᆏΕ33 ີ 33 ᆏΕ48 ີ 26 ᆏΖຟൎᓳኙట‫ࡲإ‬ඒྤवΔ౒‫׎‬ᚨ‫ڶ‬ऱ۩੡๵ᒤ ࡉ‫س‬੒ኪ৫Ζ‫ڼڂ‬Δᇠဲਢਐॳࢮ‫܄‬Գ޲‫ْڶ‬ཎᥞছऱᖵ‫׾‬Ζլመຍᇙऱψॳࢮ‫܄‬Գωᚨᇠႛૻ ࣍‫ݦ‬ᇸ౿ΰHijƗzαፖ౏ࡱᐚΰNajidαऱཾडߦຟ‫ڂ‬ԳΖ८ࡵՆΔ πْཎᥞඒ‫׾‬ρ Δ ΰ‫ࠇק‬Κխഏष ᄎઝᖂ‫נ‬ठषΔ1990 ‫ڣ‬α Δ଄ 27Ζ 16 ‫ࠅڇ‬૪ΰAssyrians, 900BC-612BCαऱᖵ‫׾‬խ࿇෼Աॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱ᠋ᇾΔઌᣂऱᄔ‫֮ݮ‬Ꭾ֮ಖሉ ထࠅ૪‫ޥ׆‬೷‫ۥא‬Կ‫׈‬ΰShalmaneser IIIαམൗਮᘣ࢔Օ್Փ଀ऱഏ‫ࠡ֗׆‬ᅩ֖ѧѧᖑ‫ڶ‬ԫՏ‫׽‬ ᙻᕊऱॳࢮֺࠅԳऱග९८ࢍԽΰGindibu al- ‘Arabiα ΖPhilip K. Hitti, History of the Arabs. p.37Ζ 15. 59.

(10) ऱΖ۞۫ցছԶΕ԰‫׈‬ધၲࡨΔॳࢮ‫܄‬Գፖࠅ૪ԳΰAssyrians, 900BC-612BCαΕֺ֣଩ԳΰBabylonians, 1900BC-539BCαΕ ं ཎ Գ ΰ Persians, 549BC-333AD α ‫ ֗ א‬ᢅ ್ Գ ΰ Roman 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. empire,510BC-476ADαԫದ੒ᥬ‫ٵڇ‬ԫஆᖵ‫׾‬ፘ‫؀‬ՂΔۖ‫׊‬ ᝫ‫ފ‬ዝထ‫ૹپ‬ऱߡ‫ۥ‬Ζ࿛ْࠩཎᥞඒ໌‫م‬Δॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගঁ‫א‬ ْཎᥞऱ‫࿆ߡ׌‬໱Δࠀ‫ڃ׊‬ᙰല߷ԫ੄ၒᚊ୚ፖᖜٚ಻ߡऱ ழ٠Δ၈‫ލ‬੡ψᡵਡழཚω Ζ ΰ2α ᗪߔᚈᐚፖ؄Օশߺ࿇ΰ610-661ADα ۫ցԮ‫׈‬ધᗪߔᚈᐚ໌‫م‬ԱْཎᥞඒΔ‫۫ڇה‬ց 610 ‫ڣ‬ ऱࢮ್կִΰar-RamadƗnαଈ‫ڻ‬ᛧ൓ॳࢮऱ֚ඔΔᅝ‫ঁڣ‬๯ ီ੡ْཎᥞ‫׈‬ધऱၲඔ‫זڣ‬Δլመْཎᥞᖟऱધցց‫ڣ‬ਢආ ૠᔢൔΰHijraαࠩຽ‫߷چ‬ऱ۫ց 622 ‫ڣ‬Ζᗪߔᚈᐚ࣍ 632 ‫ڣ‬ ូటΔ‫ה‬ऱᤉٚृࠉᅃশߺ࿇ऱࠫ৫ΰKhilƗfahΔᙇᜰαข‫س‬Δ ։ܑਢॳؒ‫܌܄‬ΰAbu Bakar as-SadƯqΔ632-634ADα Ε჋್ዿ ΰ‘Umar ibn al-KhatƗbΔ634-644ADα Ε჋ቹ೷ΰ‘UthmƗn ibn ‘AffƗnΔ644-656ADαፖॳߺΰ‘Ali ibn Abi TƗlibΔ656-661ADαΔ ‫׾‬ጠ؄Օশߺ࿇ழཚΖॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග༳൳ऱᏆՒ‫ٻ‬؆ឩ്Δ০ ഏᠩ‫᧩ݮ‬෼ࠀ‫׊‬ດዬൎฐΖ ΰ3α ٔຽᆺশߺ࿇০ഏΰUmayyad caliphate, 661-750ADα ඖ ‫ ٔ ࠅ ܓ‬ຽ ᆺ ּ ග ऱ ᗪ ॳ ፂ ࠅ ΰ Mu‘awiyah ibn Abi SufyƗn,661-680ADαኆ࠷Աশߺ࿇ऱᤉࢭᦞΔࡳຟՕ್Փ଀Ζ ‫ה‬๠֨ᗨᐞല‫ۯ׆‬ႉ‫ܓ‬ऱႚ࿯‫ה‬ऱࠝ՗ᆺᛎᐚΰYazƯd ibn Mu‘awiyah,680-683ADαၲඔԱশߺ࿇‫᦭׈‬ऱ᧯ࠏΔ‫ګ‬੡ॳࢮ ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬Ղψ୮֚ՀωऱၲጤΖٔຽᆺ০ഏᗨᄕຝᆟኙ؆ञᖏΔ ࠷൓Օ‫ޅ‬Ւ‫چ‬ऱᖏञΔՕ‫ؒॳڇڍ‬ຟ್‫܌م‬ΰ ‘Abdu Malik ibn MarwƗn, 685AD-705ADα‫مر֗א‬ᐚԫ‫׈‬শߺ࿇ΰWalid ibn ‘Abdu-l-MƗlik, 705AD-715ADα‫ۯڇ‬ழၞ۩Δ‫ڇ‬ᗪߔᚈᐚូట 60.

(11) ৵ 90 ‫ڣ‬Δॳࢮ‫܄‬ԳऱٔຽᆺཛΔբ‫ګ‬੡ᖩሀᑛΕࠅΕॺԿ੊ ऱՕ০ഏΖ ΰ4α ॳࢸཎশߺ࿇০ഏΰAbbƗsid caliphate,750-1258ADα‫א‬ 中阿文庫. ֗‫׆ֱچٺ‬ཛ ॳࢸཎཛഏశሎ۩Ա 508 ‫ڣ‬հՆΔ‫܀‬ట‫إ‬ൎฐऱழ‫׽ז‬ ‫ڶ‬৬ഏհॣऱ 100 ‫ڣ‬ၴΖԫ‫׈‬ધհ৵Δশߺ࿇ཛਙ։ܑ๯ડ. 28. ໒ᆃᓡ૨Εؒፂ‫׆ݦ‬ཛΰBuwayhids,945-1055ADα‫֗א‬Ⴞዿ ਪ‫׆‬ཛΰSalƗjuk,1055-1194ADα‫ނ‬਍Δ່৵Ծ‫ࠩڃ‬ડ໒Գ֫ խΖশߺ࿇؈‫װ‬ԱਙᦞΔႛႛᖑ‫ࡲڶ‬ඒՂऱശ೏‫ۯچ‬Δլ٦ ਢᗪཎࣥਙඒ‫ٽ‬ԫऱᏆ๱Ζॳࢸཎऱࠇৄ๻‫֣ڇ‬௑ሒΔ԰‫׈‬ ધ‫א‬৵শߺ࿇ऱጥᝤᦞດዬယᜍΔ‫۫ڇ‬ຝऱඖ‫ࠅܓ‬Εୗ֗Ε ‫ॺק‬ፖ۫ఄ‫׃‬Δ‫ࣟ֗א‬ຝऱंཎΕխࠅ‫چ‬೴Δ๺‫ڍ‬ᗑ‫תࢨم‬ ᗑ‫م‬ऱ‫׆‬ཛࣥ‫م‬Δ‫ה‬ଚ‫ټ‬ᆠՂជ᥆࣍ॳࢸཎऱশߺ࿇Δਢْ ཎᥞ০ഏऱԫٝ՗Δ‫܀‬ኔᎾՂ‫۞ٺ‬੡ਙΖࠡխΔ৵ٔຽᆺཛ ΰUmayyads II, The Umayyad Emirate in Spain 756-1031αፖऄ ᆳጆཛΰFƗtimids,909AD-1171ADαऱอएृ‫ޓ‬ቚጠশߺ࿇Δ ۞᥽լᄈऱॳࢸཎཛྤԺ᠜ᚘಘٕΔ‫ ڇګݮ‬10 ‫׈‬ધࠩ 11 ‫׈‬ ધխᆺΔԿଡশߺ࿇০ഏ‫ٵ‬ழࠀ‫ژ‬ऱൣ‫ݮ‬Δխഏऱᖵ‫׾‬ല‫ڼ‬ Կଡ০ഏ։ܑࡎ‫ټ‬੡ψ႕۪Օଇω ΰॳࢸཎཛα Ε ψ‫۪ػ‬Օଇω ΰ৵ౖ‫ࠅۏ‬ཛαፖψጸ۪Օଇωΰऄᆳ್ཛαΖຍԿଡࠀ‫ژ‬ऱ শߺ࿇০ഏፖ‫ॵٺ‬᥆ऱ‫׆ֱچ‬ཛΔ‫ڇ‬ᖵ‫ء֮׾‬Ղઃ๯ಖሉ࣍ ψॳࢸཎশߺ࿇০ഏழཚω Δۖ‫ॺק‬Εխࠅऱ‫ٺ‬ଡ‫ا‬ගՈຟ๯ ုಖ‫܄ࢮॳڇ‬Գऱᖵ‫׾‬ᒧີՂΖ ΰ5α ፞‫ײ‬อएፖ್ֵሁ‫׆܌‬ཛΰMamlǌks, 1258-1517ADα ۫ց 1258 ‫ڣ‬Δ‫௺ڳ‬Ռ෷૨‫ސ‬Ե֣௑ሒৄΔചਙ९ሒնଡ ‫׈‬ધऱॳࢸཎཛ۞‫ڼ‬լ༚‫ڇژ‬ΔՈ࿨‫ޔ‬Աॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග‫ڇ‬ຍଡ ْཎᥞ‫੺׈‬ऱอएृ‫ۯچ‬Δॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ፘ‫؀‬Δ‫ط‬፞‫ײ‬Գፖડ 61.

(12) ໒Գ‫׌‬ᖄΖ ፞‫ײ‬Գ‫ڇ‬ኆ൓ऱՒ‫چ‬Ղ৬‫م‬Ա؄ଡ‫ۀ‬ഏΔխࠅ଺᥆ᗪཎ ࣥऱ‫چ‬೴։ܑូْ࣍ࠝ‫ۀ‬ഏ֗ኘ‫ۀ؀ٽ‬ഏጥᝤΖᗪཎࣥᔕᅇ 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. ऱᖵ‫ڂڶ޲ࠀ׾‬፞‫ึײ‬࿨ԱॳࢸཎཛۖቱྥೖַΔ‫ڇ‬խ‫׈‬ધ ழཚΔْཎᥞᜲႚऱ‫־‬੣್ֵٌࠩሁ‫܌‬ԳΰMamlǌkΔ؉ជα ऱ֫խΖ್ֵሁ‫׆܌‬ཛऱ‫ا᧯׌‬ගਢડ໒ԳΔ‫ה‬ଚᤉ៳ࢮԭ ΰ Salah. al-DƯn,1138-1193 α ৬ ‫ م‬ऱ ॳ ֠ ؒ ‫ ׆‬ཛ. ΰAyyǌbids,1171AD-1250ADαհ৵஭ᓡထْཎᥞ‫੺׈‬Δࣂ‫ݼ‬ ԫंԾԫंࣟ࢔ऱԼ‫ڗ‬૨ΔՈല᜕ᖩቍᆤऱ፞‫ײ‬૨ॴ࿪‫ڇ‬ୗ ֗ፖඖ‫ࠅܓ‬հ؆ΖᅝՕຝ։଺᥆ॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගऱᏆՒ๯፞‫ײ‬ᘼ ᨳ‫ذ‬։Δୗ֗ፖඖ‫ࠅܓ‬থ‫ڇ‬ຍࠄॺॳࢮ‫܄‬ᤄऱᗪཎࣥ֫ՀΔ ࢏ᥛঅ‫ْژ‬ཎᥞѧॳࢮ‫֏֮܄‬ऱ౧࿮‫۔ײ֗א‬ୗ֗ऱ֮֏Δ ‫ה‬ଚᖜ૤ထࢭ٣ඔ৵ऱૹຂՕٚΔऴࠩ჋ቹ೷Գ࢔ࣚຍଡ‫چ‬ ೴Ζ ΰ6α ჋ቹ೷Ւۘࠡ০ഏΰOttoman,1299-1517-1924ADα ჋ቹ೷ՒۘࠡԳ଺ਢཾड‫ڇ‬㠪௧ΰCaspian Seaαࣟতᢰऱ ડ໒ຝᆵΔ፞‫࢔۫ײ‬ழ‫۫ٻ‬ᔢฝࠩࠟࣾੌ഑Δ൷࠹Աْཎᥞ ॾٛΔዬዬ࿇୶‫ګ‬२‫׏‬ᗑ‫م‬ऱ՛‫׆‬ཛΖ1299 ‫ڣ‬Δ‫ה‬ଚ‫א‬໺ഗ ृ჋ቹ೷ΰUthmƗn al-GazƯ, 1299-1326AD ‫ۯڇ‬αհ‫ټ‬৬‫م‬Ա ‫׆‬ཛΖ1453 ‫ڣ‬ΔᗪߔᚈᐚԲ‫׈‬ΰMuhammad II, 1451-1481ADα ‫ސ‬Հ‫ܩ‬Փࡖԭ໵Δਈ‫ݪ׭‬০ഏᄰՋΔ०൷ᑛ੊Գऱਢψ႕ᄆ ழཚω Δࠅ੊֗ॺ੊ঞၞԵ჋ቹ೷০ഏऱ٤ฐழཚΰ15 ‫׈‬ધխ ᆺࠩ 16 ‫׈‬ધխᆺαΖ ჋ቹ೷Գऱอए߰ຒං୶ࠩॳࢮ‫܄‬ԳऱՒ‫چ‬ՂΔ16 ‫׈‬ધ ॣึ࿨Ա್ֵሁ‫׆܌‬ཛΖ჋ቹ೷Գࠐࠩॳࢮ‫܄‬ԳՒ‫چ‬հ৵Δ ‫א‬ୗ֗੡խ֨Δ‫ؚ‬ၲԱຏ࢓ॺ੊ऱՕ॰ΔՈ‫گ‬ᡚԱ‫୾ת‬Ղऱ 壆૷९ഏΔ࠷൓ْཎᥞᆣৄຽ‫ף‬ፖຽ‫߷چ‬ऱ‫ښ‬ᥨᦞΖ჋ቹ೷ 62.

(13) ᤕկ࠷൓ψࠟᆣ‫چ‬ᥨᓡृωऱጠᇆΔኙᗪཎࣥۖߢΔ༉‫ٵڕ‬ শߺ࿇ऱ٦෼Δ۞‫ڼ‬Δ჋ቹ೷Ւۘࠡ‫ګ‬੡ᖞଡْཎᥞ‫੺׈‬ऱ ‫׌‬ԳΖ 中阿文庫. ΰ7α ෼‫܄ࢮॳז‬ഏ୮ΰ1924-վα รԫ‫੺׈ڻ‬Օᖏ‫ر‬ᇞԱ჋ቹ೷Ւۘࠡ০ഏΔ๯อएԱ؄ ଡ‫׈‬ધऱॳࢮ‫܄‬Գ٦‫ڻ‬ᅝ୮೚‫׌‬Δ‫܀‬ਢ‫ڇ‬ᑛ੊ཷ‫׌ا‬ᆠऱሎ. 28. ‫܂‬ՀΔॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග٦Ոྤऄ‫ڃ‬༚መ࢓མᆖ৬‫م‬ऱอԫ০ഏΔ ‫౑౑چٺ‬ᗑ‫م‬Δ৬‫ ګم‬22 ଡ෼‫֏ז‬ऱॳࢮ‫܄‬ഏ୮Ζ ॳࢮ‫܄‬ऱᖵ‫׾‬Δᙟထਙᦞऱ‫ޓ‬૯ቤ։੡‫א‬ՂԮଡழཚΖ ೈԱ෼‫֏ז‬ऱഏ୮հ؆Δ‫ޢ‬ԫଡᖵ‫׾‬ၸ੄༉ਢԫଡ‫א‬อएृ ੡‫ټ‬ጠऱཛ‫ז‬Δຑᥛຍࠄཛ‫ז‬٥‫܄ࢮॳګิٵ‬ഏ୮‫׾‬Ζ‫ॳڇ‬ ࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ᅝխΔ‫ޢ‬ԫଡཛ‫ז‬ऱ༏୉լ‫ٵ‬Δิ‫ګ‬ऱ‫ګ‬୉Ոլઌ ‫ٵ‬Δྤᓵอएृࢨ๯อएृຟլጐྥਢॳࢮ‫܄‬ԳΖᛀီՂ૪ ‫ޢ‬ԫଡၸ੄Δ‫ݺ‬ଚ࿇෼Δԫ౳ᑵᢝऱψॳࢮ‫܄‬ഏ୮‫׾‬ωፖψॳ ࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ωኔᎾՂਢ‫ټ‬ኔլฤऱΔࠡխ‫ؿ‬એऱ‫ڕֱچ‬ՀΚ ΰ1α ْཎᥞհছऱᡵਡழཚΔॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග੒ᥬऱழၴ၌መ 1400 ‫ڣ‬Δࠡխլ‫࣑֮ࣔ׎‬ฐऱ‫׆‬ཛΔ‫܀‬ਢࠀ‫ڇآ‬ψഏ୮‫׾‬ω խ࠷൓‫ۯ‬ᆜΔ‫ݺ‬ଚ‫ڇ‬ᖵ‫ء֮׾‬խ‫ބ‬լࠩࠡխࠠ᧯ऱႚࢭፖٌ ႃΔ‫׽‬๯ᅝ‫܂‬ਢْཎᥞ૾ᜯছऱᕟࣔΖ‫ش‬෼‫ ז‬21 ‫׈‬ધ೚ૠጩ ᑑᄷΔຍ੄ᕟࣔழၴፖْཎᥞ૾ᜯհ৵ऱழၴ࿛९Δ‫ٵ‬੡ 1400 ‫ڣ‬Δਢԫଡట‫ا܄ࢮॳאإ‬ග੡‫᧯׌‬ऱᖵ‫׾‬ၸ੄Δ‫܀‬ਢ‫ڇ‬ψॳ ࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬Ղωႛጠ੡ԫ੄ᡵਡழཚΖ ΰ2α ॳࢸཎশߺ࿇০ഏழཚΔশߺ࿇‫ᦞ׆‬ऱऴ൷อᝤհ‫چ‬ ਢመ࢓ॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග‫ژس‬հ๠Δ‫܀‬ਢॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග‫ٻ‬؆࿇୶Δ‫ٵ‬ ழ‫ॺקڇ‬Ε۫ఄ‫֗א׃‬խࠅ৬‫ټم‬ᆠՂូॵኔᎾՂᗑ‫م‬ऱ‫چ‬ ֱ‫׆‬ཛΔೈॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගհ؆Δंཎ‫ا‬ගΕડ໒‫ا‬ග࿛࿛Ո౑ ౑৬‫ֱچم‬ᗑ‫م‬ਙᦞΖॳࢮ‫܄‬০ഏऱᡲ੺၌‫נ‬Աॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග 63.

(14) ੒೯ऱᒤ໮Δ‫اٺ‬ගऱ੒೯‫࣠ګ‬Ծ๯ಖሉ࣍ॳࢮ‫܄‬০ഏᖵ ‫׾‬Ζຍࠄॳࢮ‫܄‬ፖॺॳࢮ‫܄‬ऱਙᦞΔբॺψॳࢮ‫܄‬ഏ୮‫׾‬ω ࢬ౨ො።Δ‫ڇ‬ຍଡழཚΔഄ‫ْڶ‬ཎᥞթਢല‫اٺ‬ග‫ۖٽ‬੡ԫ 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. ऱᕩፋԺΖْۖཎᥞԫဲऱ֮֏փොΰconnotationα‫ొ࣍੷ޓ‬ ጰऱࡲඒࢨഏගΰnationαփොΖ17 ΰ3α ፞‫ײ‬อएፖ್ֵሁ‫׆܌‬ཛழཚ‫֗א‬჋ቹ೷Ւۘࠡ০ഏ ழཚΔഏ୮ऱอएृլਢॳࢮ‫܄‬ԳΔॳࢮ‫܄‬Գ‫ګ‬੡๯อएृ ९ሒ 666 ‫ڣ‬Δ‫܀‬ਢ‫ا‬ගᎁ‫ٵ‬ශլ೯ᄀΔࢬᖇ៶ऱਢْཎᥞॾ ٛΔ‫ײ֗א‬ᥞᆖऱ፿ߢѧѧॳࢮ‫܄‬፿Ζ‫ڇ‬ຍԫᖵ‫׾‬ၸ੄խΔ ॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගऱ壆‫ڍ‬ಥ᣸Δ๯ូᣊ࣍ψ֮֏‫׾‬ωऱᒤᡱΔ ψॳࢮ ‫܄‬ഏ୮‫׾‬ωધᙕထψॺॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගωऱਙᦞ‫ޓ‬૯Δਢ‫ܡ‬ᝫ౨ ๯ጠ੡ψॳࢮ‫܄‬ഏ୮‫׾‬ωΛۖ‫ڇ‬ψഏ୮‫׾‬ωਮዌՀխឰԱ 666 ‫ڣ‬ऱॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගऱᖵ‫׾‬ΔԾ‫ڕ‬۶Ꮂ൷ 20 ‫׈‬ધψ෼‫܄ࢮॳז‬ഏ ୮ωழཚΛ ጵ‫ٽ‬Ղ૪ಘᓵ൓वΔॳࢮ‫܄‬ऱᖵ‫א׾‬ψഏ୮‫׾‬ωऱᐷ૪ ֱ‫ڤ‬Δਢྤऄᇞᤩ٤ຝψॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ωऱΖ 2.2 ٥ழࢤऱಘᓵѧѧॳࢸཎཛऱᖵ‫׾‬٤ᎎ ʳ ԫ౳ֆᎁॳࢸཎཛਢْཎᥞ‫׾‬Ղ່ထ‫ټ‬ऱழ‫ז‬Δ‫ڇ‬รԿ ٚশߺ࿇ຽ௧૭ΰMuhammad ibn Mansǌr al-Mahdi, 775-785α ࠩร԰ٚশߺ࿇‫۫ر‬௑ʳΰal-WƗthiq ibn Mutasim, 842-847αʳ ழ πᖵ‫׾‬ઔ ཚհၴ֮֏֠੡ᛞᥓΔ18ྏ஑ֺΰArnold J. Toynbeeα ߒρ ΰA Study of Historyαԫ஼ಘᓵԱ‫ ੺׈‬26 ଡ֮ࣔऱᘋಐ‫׾‬Δ 19. 17. ലॳࢸཎশߺ࿇ழཚऱᖵ‫פ׾‬౨‫୲ݮ‬੡ᢅ್০ഏհ৵ऱૹ. Bernard Lewis, The Arabs in History, ΰNew York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1967α, p.14. Philip K. Hitti, History of the Arabs. p297. ‫᜔ࢬה‬࿨ऱ 26 ଡ֮ࣔխΔ16 ଡբᆖ‫ڽ‬ՋΔ3 ଡኔᎾՂբ๯ֱ۫௣ᄰΔໍՀऱ 7 ଡΔೈԱֱ۫ ֮ࣔհ؆Δ२ࣟ‫إ‬ඒ֮ࣔΕ঎ᢅཎ‫إ‬ඒ֮ࣔΕْཎᥞ֮ࣔΕ‫ٱ‬৫֮ࣔΕխဎ֮ࣔΕֲ‫֮ࣔء‬ຟ‫ڇ‬ 18 19. 64.

(15) ᄅᖞ‫ٽ‬ፖၲඔѧѧૹᖞ๯؆ࠐԺၦధᡏऱਙए࿨ዌΙૹඔ๯ ؆ԳԵॿۖխឰऱषᄎ‫س‬੒Ζ20‫ݺ‬ଚኳၲᑛ੊խ֨ᨠរΔૉല ณ੺ᆜ࣍ॳࢮ‫܄‬ਙᦞऱ‫ޓ‬૯Δ‫אױ‬ᨠኘࠩᖵ‫׾‬Ղऱॳࢸཎཛ 中阿文庫. ழཚΔਙᦞ౑႖ឫᣮΔ༉ቝխഏᖵ‫׾‬Ղऱψᖏഏழཚω Ιۖ‫ڼ‬ ԫழཚΔॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගፖࠡ‫اה‬ග‫ْڇ‬ཎᥞऱ዁ᐐՀᘜ‫ٽ‬Δٌ ᘜऱ֮֏‫ܧ‬෼‫נ‬ᤈ౑᜗ဎऱଅᎎΔ‫ڼ‬ழΔॳࢮ‫܄‬ψᗪཎࣥω. 28. ऱრොᣊ‫࣍ۿ‬խഏଫࠠᘜ‫ٽ‬ፖอᖞऱψဎ୙ωᄗ࢚Ζ ۫ց 750 ‫ڣ‬ΔॳؒॳࢸཎΰAbu al-‘AbƗs, ?-754ADαᜰထ ႕‫ۥ‬዁ᐐΔ‫ؚ‬ඓԱٔຽᆺ০ഏ࠷൓ਙᦞΔ๯ᖑ‫م‬੡শߺ࿇Δ ਢ੡ॳࢸཎ০ഏऱၲ໌ृΖ࿆ഗ৵‫ڶ‬ထψ៳ऄዿωΰShafarΔ ՕԸαܑᇆऱॳؒॳࢸཎՕၲව‫ݹ‬Δኙٔຽᆺ઄ග୶ၲྲྀᎩ ളවΔԸՀಲ‫س‬ऱ‫ؒॳڶ׽‬ຟࢮ᎒೷ΰ ‘Abdu ar-RahmƗn, 731AD-788ADαԫԳΔ‫݉֏ה‬ᑨಲࠩ۫ఄ‫׃‬Δࠀ‫۫ڇ‬ఄ‫ૹ׃‬ ৬ٔຽᆺཛΔഏశሎ۩Ա 400 ‫ڣ‬Δ‫׾‬ጠψ৵ٔຽᆺཛω Ζʳ չ ᆺ ْ ཎ ್ ᆠ ੔ ऱ ᑛ ߦ ᅮ ࢮ ጆ ᎒ ૭ ΰ ‘Ubaydu Llah MahdƯ, 909AD-934AD ‫ۯڇ‬α࣍۫ց 909 ‫ॺקڇڣ‬৬‫م‬ऄᆳጆ ཛΰFƗtimids, 909AD-1171ADαΔ۞ጠশߺ࿇Δᙟ৵Δ۫ఄ‫׃‬ ऱ৵ౖ‫ࠅۏ‬ཛऱୗ‫ۏ‬ዿΰAmƯrΔ‫׆‬՗αॳؒຟࢮ᎒೷Կ‫׈‬ ΰ‘Abdu ar-RahmƗn III,929D- 961ADαٍ۞ጠ੡শߺ࿇Δຍᑌ ԫࠐΔْཎᥞ‫ܧ੺׈‬෼‫נ‬Կߩቓ‫م‬ऱ‫ݝ‬ႨΖ ೈԱԿଡশߺ࿇ਙᦞհ؆Δ‫נچٺ‬෼Ա๺‫׆ֱچڍ‬ཛΔ ‫ټ‬ᆠՂࠉॵ‫چ‬ᒴᣂএയ֊ऱԿଡশߺ࿇հԫΔኔᎾՂᖑ‫ڶ‬ᗑ ‫م‬ऱਙᦞΔ‫׆‬ཛऱᏆᖄԳጠ੡ψᤕկω Δ‫ה‬ଚսᙅ࡚֣௑ሒխ ؇ऱॳࢸཎᏆ๱੡ψশߺ࿇ω Ζ‫ٺ‬ᤕկ‫׆‬ཛ‫ڼ‬௣࢖९Δԫሁ۴ ᙟထψॳࢸཎཛωऱഏశሎ۩Δ‫ٵ‬ԫଡழၴរՂΔ‫נچٺ‬෼ ഽᇞխΖޫዊలΔπ‫׾‬ᖂ԰ີρΰ‫ק؀‬Κຽ‫נض‬ठषΔ2002 ‫ڣ‬αΔ଄ 76Ζ 20 Arnold J. Toynbee, Abridgement of Vol. I – VI by D.C .Somervell, A Study of History, ΰOxford: Oxford University Press, 1974α, p.18.. 65.

(16) ᑇଡਙᦞΔಾኙຍ੄ᓤᠧऱᖵ‫׾‬ၸ੄Δ᠃፹‫܂‬ኙᅃ।ΰ‫ڕ‬ψॵ । 1Κॳࢸཎழཚ‫׆ٺ‬ཛᖵ‫׾‬ፖ‫چ‬ᒴኙᅃ।ω α‫ז‬ཙև९ऱඖ ૪Ζ֣௑ሒশߺ࿇ऱψਙᦞωယᜍΔথᖑ‫ڶ‬ശ೏ྤՂऱψඒ ᦞωΔ‫ה‬ऱ‫ۯچ‬ઌᅝ֚࣍‫׌‬ඒऱඒࡲΔਢࢬ‫ڶ‬ᗪཎࣥऱጥ෻ 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. ृΔ‫ץ‬ਔٚ۶‫׆ֱچ‬ཛΕٚ۶‫ا‬ගऱࢬ‫ګڶ‬୉Ζ‫ڼڂ‬Δ‫ڇ‬ຍ ଡ౑႖ऱ‫ז׈‬ս౨ߠࠩॳࢮ‫܄‬อԫऱ௑‫ݝ‬Δْཎᥞਢഄԫᕩ ፋΕ෰֧ऱԺၦΖ ֣௑ሒऱশߺ࿇‫ ڇ‬1258 ‫ڣ‬๯፞‫ࢬײ‬ᄰΔ࿨‫ޔ‬Աॳࢸཎ০ ഏழཚΔ፞‫۾ࢬڇࠀײ‬ᏆऱᗪཎࣥՒ‫چ‬Ղ৬‫م‬Աْࠝ‫ۀ‬ഏፖ ኘ‫ۀ؀ٽ‬ഏΔຝ։ॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග‫ګ‬੡፞‫ײ‬ਙᦞՀऱ๯อएृΙ ຝ։սូ‫ֱچٺ‬ᤉᥛሎ‫܂‬ऱ‫ᦞ׆‬อएΙຝ։ូॵ৵ࠐൎฐऱ ್ֵሁ‫׆܌‬ཛΙᝫ‫ڶ‬ຝ։սঅ‫ཾڶ‬डऱ‫س‬੒ֱ‫ڤ‬Δլ࠹ٚ۶ ਙᦞऱ‫ޔ‬ᗻΖ ๠෻ຍ९ሒ 508 ‫ڣ‬ऱॳࢸཎ০ഏழཚऱᖵ‫׾‬ழΔૉ‫׽‬റ ࣹ‫ࢸॳڇ‬ཎশߺ࿇ਙᦞࢬ֗հ‫چ‬ऱψഏ୮‫׾‬ω Δ࢙ฃࠡ‫ֱچה‬ ‫׆‬ཛΔঞॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱᖵ‫׾‬ਢྤ‫א‬੡ᥛऱΖ πॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱᖵ‫׾‬ρ ‫ނ‬ԿଡψՕଇω։ܑ٨‫ڇ‬ԿΕ؄Εնᒧᅝխࠐಘᓵࠀல֗ॵ ᥆ऱ‫׆ֱچ‬ཛΔ༉‫ړ‬ቝ‫ނ‬ψഏ୮‫׾‬ωຍଡ৬ᗰढ৬‫ڇم‬ψ‫ا‬ ග‫׾‬ωऱഗ‫چ‬ՂΔഗ‫چ‬ऱ᜕෡ΰᖵ‫׾‬αፖᒤ໮ΰ‫ا‬ග։‫܉‬α ‫ڇ‬৬ᗰढհՀឈլ᧩෼Δথᒔኔ‫ڇژ‬ထΖॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග‫ْڇ‬ཎ ᥞ‫ٺ੺׈‬ଡ‫چ‬೴ऱ੒೯Δ‫֗א‬ፖࠡ‫اה‬ගऱյ೯ຟ౨ધᙕ‫ڇ‬ ॳࢮ‫܄‬ψ‫ا‬ග‫׾‬ωխΔࠀႉ‫ܓ‬ऱ۴ᙟψഏ୮‫׾‬ω Δ‫ڇ‬ཛ‫ޓז‬૯ ऱ᠏‫މ‬๠ፖ 1258 ‫ڣ‬հ৵ऱॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬Ꮂ൷ΔլᓵਢՂ૪ୌԫ ຝ։ऱॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගΔຟ౨‫ࢸॳڇ‬ཎழཚ༈൓ಳᄩऱᄭᙰΖ. 3. ॳࢮ‫܄‬ψഏ୮‫׾‬ωፖψ‫ا‬ග‫׾‬ωො።ᒤᡱऱֺለ 66.

(17) ਝྥψॳࢮ‫܄‬ഏ୮‫׾‬ωլߩ‫א‬ጠ੡٤ຝऱψॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱ ᖵ‫׾‬ω ΔՈլ౨࠷‫ז‬ψॳࢮ‫׾܄‬ω Δ߷ᏖΔ‫ݺ‬ଚലီߡ᠏ངࠩ ԫऴ‫ژ‬ᥛऱॳࢮ‫܄‬ԳΔՈ༉ਢ‫ࢬ֮ء‬ጠհψॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගႃ 中阿文庫. ቸωΔᇢ‫ا܄ࢮॳط‬ග੡‫ࠐ᧯׌‬৬ዌॳࢮ‫܄‬ऱᖵ‫׾‬Ζᇨ‫ڕ‬ᢅ ‫سث‬ΰMaxime RodinsonαࢬߢΔ૞ൕ֮֏ऱᨠរಘᓵॳࢮ ‫܄‬ԳΔ༉‫ؘ‬ႊ٣‫ނ‬ழၴፖ़ၴ‫ػࣔݫ‬Δ21ψॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගωऱ. 28. რො‫܄ࢮॳڇ‬ᖵ‫׾‬խ‫ޢ‬ԫଡၸ੄ຟլጐઌ‫ٵ‬22Δ૞‫܄ࢮॳא‬ ‫ا‬ග੡‫᧯׌‬৬ዌॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬Δଈ٣૞ᛀီ‫ڇ‬ഏ୮‫ٺ׾‬ၸ੄։ ཚխψॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගωऱࡳ‫ۯ‬Κ ΰ1α ْཎᥞᘋದছΚਐ‫୾ת܄ࢮॳڇ‬Ղཾडऱߦຟ‫ڂ‬Գ ΰBadawinαࢨࡳࡺऱশሒ‫ڂ‬ԳΰHadarinα Δ‫הڇ‬ଚᅝխΔམ ᘋದᗑ‫م‬ऱ‫׆‬ཛΖપ۫ցն‫׈‬ધழΔ࿇୶‫אנ‬ຽ‫ײף‬ဒּຝ ᆵΰQurayshi tribeα፿ߢ23੡ഗ៕ऱ٥ຏ፿ѧѧॳࢮ‫܄‬፿Ζ ΰ2α ᗪߔᚈᐚፖ؄Օশߺ࿇ழཚΚਐॾْٛཎᥞඒࠀ൷࠹ শߺ࿇อएऱߦຟ‫ڂ‬Գፖࡳࡺऱশሒ‫ڂ‬ԳΖ‫ڂ‬শߺ࿇‫ٻ‬؆࢔ ᖏΔՈ‫ܶץ‬Աࢬ‫۾‬ᏆՒ‫چ‬ՂऱᗪཎࣥΖ ΰ3α ٔຽᆺழཚΚอएृ੡ॳࢮ‫܄‬ԳΔ๯࢔ࣚऱડ໒ԳΕ ंཎԳΕਹਹԳΰBerbersα࿛Δ๯ጠ੡ψॳࢮ‫܄‬ऱ՗‫ا‬ω ΰAwulƗdu-l-‘Arabα24Ζ ΰ4α ॳࢸཎழཚΚশߺ࿇ऱᦞຂႛַ֣࣍௑ሒΔ‫ॺק‬Εୗ ֗Εंཎ֗խࠅ‫چٺ‬ᘋದ‫׆ֱچ‬ཛΔ‫ټ‬ᆠՂս༇࡚խ؇শߺ ࿇ΔኔᎾՂ‫ٺ‬ᤕկഏਙएΕᆖᛎΕ૨ࠃઃᗑ‫م‬ሎ‫܂‬Ζ ψॳࢮ‫܄‬ ‫ا‬ගωྤ੷რᆠΔ ψۨાωٍྤߩ᎘ૹΔশߺ࿇‫ߪء‬ઃॺॳࢮ 21. Maxime Rodinson, Translated by Arthur Guldhammer,The Arabs. p.9. ቝਢψဎ୙ωຍᑌऱԳᆢհጠΔ‫ڇ‬լ‫ٵ‬ழཚՈ‫ڶ‬լ‫ٵ‬ऱ‫چ‬෻ፖԳᆢऱਐጠփොΖ‫ࣔ׆‬ṘΔ πဎ ୙ᢰᒴѧᖵ‫׾‬ಖᖋፖගᆢᎁ‫ٵ‬ρΔ ΰ‫ק؀‬Κւඣហ‫ע‬Δ2005 ‫ڣ‬αΔ଄ 73Ζ 23 ᅝழ‫ٺ܄ࢮॳڇ‬ຝග‫ٵ‬ழࠌ‫ش‬ऱ፿ߢ၌መ 20 ‫ڍ‬ጟΔ‫ײ‬ဒּຝග‫ࡺۯ࣍ط‬ᅝழᆄ壀ശਈऱխ֨ ѧѧຽ‫ࡌࠡ֗ף‬໮Δ༳൳ࡲඒΕᆖᛎፖਙएऱᚌ။‫ۯچ‬Δ‫ײ‬ဒּ፿ঁ‫ګ‬੡ॳࢮ‫ٺ܄‬ຝගऱٌᎾ፿ ߢΖࡌ٨ΕᓏႚᅛΔ πॳࢮ‫܄‬፿ፖॳࢮ‫֏֮܄‬ρ Δΰ‫ࠇק‬Κ‫ࠇק‬؆፿Օᖂ؆፿ඒᖂ፿ߢ༉‫נ‬ठषΔ 1998 ‫ڣ‬αΔ଄ 2-3Ζ 24 Maxime Rodinson, Translated by Arthur Guldhammer,The Arabs p.19. 22. 67.

(18) ‫܄‬Ֆ՗ࢬ‫س‬Δ ψॳࢮ‫܄‬Գωႛ‫ࠐش‬ጠࡅߦຟ‫ڂ‬ԳΖ25‫ߦڶ׽‬ຟ ‫ڂ‬Գጩਢ໢ొऱॳࢮ‫܄‬ԳΔۖ‫ٺ‬ଡ‫ا‬ගΔ‫ץ‬ਔॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගΔ ‫ڼڇ‬ԫᖵ‫׾‬ၸ੄٥‫࣍ژ‬ԫଡْཎᥞ০ഏխΖ 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. ΰ5α ፞‫ײ‬อएፖ್ֵሁ‫܌‬ழཚΚ‫ڇ‬፞‫ײ‬Գอएऱ‫چ‬೴Δْ ཎᥞऱԺၦᐙ᥼ԱอएᗪཎࣥऱᏆᖄृΔ፞‫ײ‬Գ౑౑અॾْ ཎᥞΔ‫ה‬ଚឈྥ࿨‫ޔ‬Աْཎᥞশߺ࿇০ഏऱ‫ࡎس‬Δথ݇ՕԱ ᗪཎࣥऱೄᛜΖ፞‫ײ‬อएՀऱॳࢮ‫܄‬Գսᥨ਍ْཎᥞඒΔঅ ‫܄ࢮॳڶ‬፿ߢፖ֮‫ڗ‬Ιْཎᥞऱ‫־‬੣Δঞ‫ط‬ડ໒؉ជ৵ᇔอ एऱୗ್ֵ֗ሁ‫׆܌‬ཛ૤ຂႚᎠΖ ΰ6α ჋ቹ೷Ւۘࠡழཚΰ1517-1928ADαΚْཎᥞऱ‫إ‬อٌ ࠩՒۘࠡԳ֫ՂΔ๯อएऱॳࢮ‫܄‬ԳΔᆖᛎፖ֮֏ઃ࠹ଷচ ፖᚘ‫ލ‬Δ‫ڇ‬Ւۘࠡψຟᥞ‫׌‬ᆠω ΰTuranianismαႝ֏ՀΔ໦ᙌ ψॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගრᢝω Ζ ΰ7α ԲԼ‫׈‬ધΚᑛ੊ψཷ‫׌ا‬ᆠωॿ᦭ࠅ੊Δ჋ቹ೷০ഏ ᇞ᧯৵Δ෼‫܄ࢮॳז‬Գᡖࣄψॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග‫׌‬ᆠω ΰArabian Nationalismα Δࠀࠉ‫ڼ‬৬‫م‬ᄅᘋഏ୮Ζ‫ृاཷڇ‬ऱ‫׌‬ᖄՀΔམ ᆖ৬‫م‬Օԫอഏ୮ऱॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග։ܑ৬‫ګم‬վֲ 22 ଡॳࢮ ‫܄‬ഏ୮Δ‫א‬ψᑑᄷॳࢮ‫܄‬፿ω ΰstandard Arabic languageα੡ഏ ፿Δ‫ْא‬ཎᥞ੡ഏඒΖ ᛀ᧭ॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ऱ‫ٺ‬ၸ੄Δψॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගωլᓵਢᅝ‫܂‬ อएृࢨਢ๯อएृΔ‫ٺڇ‬ଡᖵ‫׾‬ၸ੄ຟኔᎾ‫ڇژ‬ထΔլམ ௣؈Ζْཎᥞᘋದհ৵Δψਙඒ‫ٽ‬ԫωࠌ൓ψࡲඒω‫ࢮॳڇ‬ ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ՂऱอᖞԺլՀ࣍ψਙएωΔ‫܀‬ਢࡲඒ‫ْڇ‬ཎᥞᘋದ հছ26ፖ෼‫֏ז‬ഏ୮৬‫م‬հ৵Δ‫ڇ‬ਙएՂ޲‫ڶ‬ᖵ‫׾‬ऱࡳ‫ۯ‬Ι ۖψॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගωྤᓵ‫ْڇ‬ཎᥞᘋದছࢨᘋದ৵Ιࡺ࣍อए հ‫ࢨۯچ‬ਢ๠࣍๯อएհൣቼΔԫऴᒔኔ‫ژ‬ᥛΔ‫ה‬ଚթਢట 25 26. 68. Ibid. ْཎᥞᘋದհছΔॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱॾٛ‫ڶ‬ഗᅮඒΕਣമശਈΕೝቝശਈΖ.

(19) ‫إ‬ᨃॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ຑᥛլឰऱ‫׌‬იΖૉψᖵ‫׾‬ωऱᒳ‫ڣ‬ፖ੄ᆵ ቤ։ਢԳ੡৬ዌऱψဠ᧯ω Ι ψॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගωঁਢ‫ء‬ᔆՂჄየ ‫ڼ‬ԫဠ᧯ऱψኔ᧯ω Ζ 中阿文庫. ᖵ‫׾‬Ղψॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගωऱრොᙟထਙᦞऱⷵᎠ‫᧢ࢬڶ‬ ೯Δ‫ݺ‬ଚሎ‫ڼش‬ԫ‫ا‬ගऱ᧢ᔢ‫׾‬ѧѧψ‫ا‬ග‫׾‬ωऱ଺ঞΔ‫ז‬ ཙψഏ୮‫׾‬ωࠐ‫ܧ‬෼ॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ऱ٤ᎎΔছ૪ψഏ୮‫׾‬ωऱ. 28. լߩΔࢨ‫ױ‬ԫԫᇞެΖ ‫ٵ‬ᑌ‫ڇ‬੡ॳࢮ‫܄‬Գଥ‫׾‬Δ‫א‬ψഏ୮‫׾‬ωࢨψ‫ا‬ග‫׾‬ωऱ ֡ᑑࠐ๠෻Δၞ۩ऱመ࿓ᄎ‫ࢬڶ‬լ‫ٵ‬Δψഏ୮‫׾‬ωፖψ‫ا‬ග ‫׾‬ωො።ᒤᡱऱ஁ฆՈᄎ᧩෼‫ࠐנ‬Δ౿ֺለ‫ڕ‬ՀΚ ΰ1αْཎᥞᘋದհছΔॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග‫ګݮآ‬อԫऱഏ୮Δ ψഏ ୮‫׾‬ωྤ‫ط‬ಖሉΔψ‫ا‬ග‫׾‬ωֱ౨‫ګݙ‬ધᙕΖ ΰ2αᅝॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග‫ګ‬੡๯อएृழΔ ψഏ୮‫׾‬ωႨ‫ؘ‬ፋྡྷ‫ڇ‬ อएृߪՂΖྥᙟထᖵ‫׾‬ऱ‫ޏ‬ཛང‫ז‬Δॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග؈‫׌װ‬ਙ ृऱᣪஆΔլ٦ਢψഏ୮‫׾‬ωऱྡྷរΖ૞ലॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱᖵ‫׾‬ ۞ْཎᥞ‫׾‬ছΕ০ഏอԫΕᆖᖵฆගอएΕጿ࢏۟վֲॳࢮ ‫܄‬ഏ୮Δಖሉᖵ‫׾‬ऱຜխ‫ؘ‬ႊ᠏Եॳࢮ‫܄‬ψ‫ا‬ග‫׾‬ωऱᏆ഑Δ ֱ౨࢏ᥛધᙕॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱᖵ‫׾‬Ζ‫ڼڕ‬ᖵ‫ٻߨ׾‬Δᇡ‫ڕ‬ψॵ। 2Κॳࢮ‫܄‬όഏ୮‫׾‬ύಖሉխऱॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග࿇୶ၗᒵω Ζ ΰ3α෼‫୾ת܄ࢮॳ࣍ۯז‬Ղऱॳࢮ‫܄‬ഏ୮Δ‫ڇ‬჋ቹ೷Ւۘ ࠡอएழཚΔࢨ‫ط‬ຝᆵ૷९อᝤΙࢨូ‫׆ֱچ‬ཛอएΔࠀ‫آ‬ ជ᥆჋ቹ೷Ւۘࠡ০ഏΔૉᖵ‫׾‬ऴ൷‫ط‬჋ቹ೷Ւۘࠡ০ഏං ‫ٻ‬෼‫܄ࢮॳז‬ഏ୮Δۖլ๠ᇙຍᆢ޲‫ڶ‬๯჋ቹ೷Ւۘࠡอए ऱॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගऱᖵ‫׾‬ΔՈ༉ਢࠉ༛ਙᦞ࿨ዌऱψഏ୮‫׾‬ωᑓ ‫ڤ‬հՀΔ‫ڼ‬ၸ੄ऱႚࢭঁ‫נ‬෼ሂᥬ‫ڤ‬ऱၞ۩Δ෼‫܄ࢮॳז‬ഏ ୮ऱ‫مګ‬Ո؈‫ࠉװ‬ᖕΖ ΰ4αࠌ‫ش‬ψഏ୮‫׾‬ω֡ᑑ৬ዌψॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ω Δᄎ‫נ‬෼ψᖵ 69.

(20) ‫׾‬ឰᐋωፖψ޲‫ڶ‬௅ഗωऱܺឫΙૉ‫شޏ‬ψ‫ا‬ග‫׾‬ωऱ֡ᑑ ৬ዌψॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ωΔլ‫ْ܀‬ཎᥞছΕ৵ऱᖵ‫׾‬൓‫א‬ႉ‫ܓ‬ຑ ࿨Δ፞‫ײ‬Εડ໒ழཚՈլી‫ڂ‬ฆගอएۖࠌॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬խ 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. ឰΔ‫ޓ‬౨ଫ᥽ॳࢸཎཛ‫اڍ‬ග෼ွऱ‫ݙ‬٤।૪Ζ ᖕ‫ڼ‬Δ‫ݺ‬ଚ‫܄ࢮॳࡳ्אױ‬ψ‫ا‬ග‫׾‬ωऱො።૿૞ֺψഏ ୮‫׾‬ω‫ݙ‬ᖞΔࠀ‫ٽ֊ޓ‬ψॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ωऱ٤ᎎΖ‫׽‬ਢψ‫ا‬ග ‫׾‬ωऱංฝႉ‫ݧ‬սႉထψഏ୮‫׾‬ωऱࠥ৫ฝ೯Δᙅ༛อएृ ऱཛ‫ז‬ႉ‫ݧ‬Δֱঁ෻ᇞፖઔߒΖ. 4. πॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱᖵ‫׾‬ρԫ஼ऱᖵ‫׾‬ᖂ᥆ࢤ ‫༼ݦ‬πॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱᖵ‫׾‬ρਢԫ‫ء‬ຏᓵॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ऱᆖࠢ հ‫܂‬Δ‫ີࠡط‬ᆏ‫ټ‬ጠᨠհΔ٤஼৬‫م‬ऱਢԫຝψഏ୮‫׾‬ωΔ ‫܀‬ᆖ‫ג‬าᔹᦰΔ࿇෼փ୲ො።੷ᐖΖ౿ല‫ີٺ‬ᆏᒳඈ।٨࣍ Հΰ‫ڕ‬ψ। 1Κˣ˻˼˿˼̃ʳ˞ˁʳ˛˼̇̇˼ʿʳ˛˼̆̇̂̅̌ʳ̂˹ʳ˧˻˸ʳ˔̅˴˵̆ ີᆏᒳඈ֗ ‫ٺ‬໢ց൶ಘ‫׌‬ᠲऱᖵ‫׾‬ᖂ᥆ࢤω αΔࠀฃ૪‫ີٺ‬ᆏ‫׌‬૞փ୲Δ ៶‫א‬ಘᓵԫຝ‫ݙ‬ᖞऱॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ਢ‫א‬۶ጟਮዌ‫ܧ‬෼Δ‫֗א‬ᇠ ஼ऱᖵ‫׾‬ᖂ᥆ࢤਢႜ‫ٻ‬ψഏ୮‫׾‬ω Δ‫ࢨލ‬ψ‫ا‬ග‫׾‬ωΖ. 70.

(21) ᖵ‫׾‬ᖂ ҇௼ў. Part III ٔຽᆺ০ഏࡉॳࢸཎ০ഏ The Umayyad and `Abbছsid Empires รԼԮີ ٔຽᆺশߺ࿇০ഏ ᗪॳ৖ᆺ৬‫م‬০ഏ รԼԶີ ፖਈ‫׭‬அऱᑅኙᣂএ รԼ԰ີ ٔຽᆺ০ഏႨԺऱືរ ࢔ࣾ؆Ε‫ٱ‬৫Ε‫ॺק‬Ε۫তᑛ รԲԼີ ٔຽᆺཛऱ۩ਙࡉषᄎൣउ ၆ගΕؓ‫ا‬Εႉ‫ا‬Ε؉ជ รԲԼԫີ ٔຽᆺழ‫ז‬ऱ֮֏‫س‬੒ ᆣಝΕ፿ऄΕ堚ట‫ڝ‬Εᢄ྽Ε รԲԼԲີ ٔຽᆺ০ഏऱႜ៿ รԲԼԿີ ॳࢸཎ০ഏऱ৬‫م‬ ৬ഏृΕंཎՕ‫׈۝‬୮ รԲԼ؄ີ ॳࢸཎ০ഏऱ٤ฐழ‫ז‬ ंཎΕ‫ٱ‬৫Ε‫ݦ‬ᢊ֮֏ รԲԼնີ ॳࢸཎਙࢌ ࿔೭Ε‫׹‬ऄΕ૨ၷΕ‫ࡴֱچ‬ รԲԼքີ ॳࢸཎཛऱषᄎ ୮அΕᆖᛎ‫س‬੒Εࡲඒ੒೯ รԲԼԮີ ઝᖂࡉ֮ᖂऱ࿇୶ ᑇᖂΕୃᖂΕ֮ᖂΕᖵ‫׾‬ᖂΕ ඒᆠᖂΕඒऄᖂΕඒऄᖂ੔ รԲԼԶີ ඒߛ ॣΕ೏࿛Ε‫ګ‬ԳඒߛΕቹ஼塢 รԲԼ԰ີ ભ๬ऱ࿇୶ ஼ऄΕଃᑗΕᢄ྽Ε৬ᗰ รԿԼີ ᗪཎࣥ‫ٺ‬ඒ੔ ࡲඒୃᖂΕᤕॺ‫׌‬ᆠΕչᆺ รԿԼԫີ শߺ࿇০ഏऱ։໊Κֱ۫՛‫׆‬ཛ ֱ۫՛‫׆‬ཛऱ‫נ‬෼ รԿԼԲີ ‫ٺڤٺ‬ᑌऱֱࣟ՛‫׆‬ཛ ֱࣟ՛‫׆‬ཛΕ‫ٳګ‬ཎ‫࿆ۀ‬໱ รԿԼԿີ ॳࢸཎশߺ࿇০ഏऱഽᑭ Part IV ॳࢮ‫܄‬Գ‫ڇ‬ᑛ੊Κ۫ఄ‫ ୾ߺ۫۫ࡉ׃‬The Arabs in Europe:Spain and Sicily ӦБў รԿԼ؄ີ ۫ఄ‫׃‬ऱ࢔ࣚ Ȑ҇௼ўȑ รԿԼնີ ٔຽᆺཛ‫۫ڇ‬ఄ‫׃‬ऱਙᦞ Ўϯў รԿԼքີ փ႖ รԿԼԮີ ઝዿ‫رڍ‬ऱٔຽᆺশߺ࿇ཛ รԿԼԶີ ਙएऱΕᆖᛎऱΕඒߛऱࠫ৫ ٔຽᆺԳႨԺዬಐ รԿԼ԰ີ ՛ഏऱ‫נ‬෼ࡉ௑ࢮ౏ሒऱະᆵ ร؄Լີ ཕԺऱಥ᣸ ֚֮ΕᑇᖂΕඒߛΕ៬᤟ ร؄Լԫີ ᢌ๬ࡉ৬ᗰᖂ ຯᕴΕ៣঴Εွ‫׃‬ᙡࠥΕըਮ ร؄ԼԲີ ‫୾ߺ۫۫ڇ‬ Part V խ‫׈‬ધழཚ່৵ऱᗪཎࣥഏ୮ The Last of The Medieval Moslem States ӦБў ร؄ԼԿີ ୗ֗ऱչᆺ੔শߺ࿇‫׆‬ཛऄᆳጆཛ Fছtimid Ȑ҇௼ўȑ ร؄Լ؄ີ ऄᆳጆཛழ‫ז‬ୗ֗ऱ‫س‬੒ ഝࠔΕઝᖂΕᢌ๬ Ўϯў ร؄Լնີ ֱࣟࡉֱ۫ऱ૨ࠃ൷ᤛΚԼ‫ڗ‬૨ᖏ‫ݰ‬ ร؄Լքີ ֮֏Ղऱ൷ᤛ ‫־‬ᢐΕਐতಾΕԳጟᘜ‫ٽ‬ ร؄ԼԮີ ຽֵᕙ‫׆܌‬ཛ Mamlǌk ॳࢮ‫੺׈܄‬խ‫׈‬ધ່৵‫׆‬ཛ ร؄ԼԶີ ཕԺऱࡉᢌ๬ऱ੒೯ ร؄Լ԰ີ ຽֵᕙ‫׆܌‬ཛอएऱ࿨‫ޔ‬ Part VI ჋ቹ೷০ഏऱอएࡉᗑ‫ م‬Ottoman Rule and Independence ୯ৎў รնԼີ ‫܂‬੡Ւۘࠡ۩ઊऱॳࢮ‫܄‬Ւ‫چ‬ ӦБў รնԼԫີ ୗ֗ࡉॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱᄅִ ෼‫ז‬ୗ֗Ε‫ر‬শֺඒ੔ รնԼԲີ ᇍ᧢խऱ໱ནΚֱ۫ऱᓢᚰ ૎Εऄಜጥ. 中阿文庫. ‫ے‬௲ў ୯ৎў. । ˄Κˣ˻˼˿˼̃ʳ˞ˁʳ˛˼̇̇˼ʿʳ˛˼̆̇̂̅̌ʳ̂˹ʳ˧˻˸ʳ˔̅˴˵̆ ີᆏᒳඈ֗‫ٺ‬໢ց൶ಘ‫׌‬ᠲऱᖵ‫׾‬ᖂ᥆ࢤ ີᆏᒳඈ ‫׌‬૞փ୲ Part I ْཎᥞඒ‫א‬ছऱழ‫ ז‬The Pre-Islamic Age รԫີ ‫܂‬੡ೂගऱॳࢮ‫܄‬ԳΚ ೂගऱᄀᤃॳࢮֺࠅ รԲີ ॳࢮ‫୾ת܄‬ ᛩቼΕ‫܂‬ढΕ್Εᙻᕊ รԿີ ߦຟ‫ڂ‬Գऱ‫س‬੒ ཾडΕּගΕࡲඒ ร؄ີ ‫ڰ‬ཚऱഏᎾᣂএ তॳΕࠟࣾੌ഑Εᢅ್Εंཎ รնີ ᝛‫ ْ܄‬Sabaean ࡉতॳࢮֺࠅࠡ‫ה‬ऱഏ୮ তॳࢮ‫ٺ܄‬՛ഏ รքີ ࡜‫܄‬௽ Nabataean ࡉॳࢮֺࠅ‫ק‬Εխຝࠡ‫ה‬՛‫׆‬ഏ ‫ٺ܄ࢮॳק‬՛ഏ รԮີ ْཎᥞඒᘋದছՔऱ‫ݦ‬ᇸ౿ ᡵਡழཚΕॳ፿ΕᇣΕ଺ࡨࡲඒ Part II ْཎᥞඒऱᘋದࡉশߺ࿇ഏ৫ The Rise of Islam and The Caliphate State รԶີ ٣वᗪߔᚈᐚ ร԰ີ ‫ײ‬ᥞᆖ รԼີ ْཎᥞඒѧѧࣚൕట‫׌‬რ‫ݳ‬ऱࡲඒ ඒᆠፖኔᔌ รԼԫີ ࢔ࣚΕឩ്ࡉཷ‫ا‬ழཚ รԼԲີ ඖ‫ࠅܓ‬ऱ࢔ࣚ รԼԿີ ْࢮ‫ंࡉ܌‬ཎऱ࢔ࣚ รԼ؄ີ ୗ֗Εऱᕟंߺࡉ‫܄‬ዿ‫ ܌‬Barqah ऱ࢔ࣚ รԼնີ ᄅᏆՒऱጥ෻ รԼքີ ॳߺࡉᗪॳ৖ᆺ Mu`ছwiyah ञኆশߺ࿇ऱ៭‫ۯ‬. 28. ୯ৎў Ўϯў ‫཮ޗ‬ў ӦБў Ȑ҇௼ўȑ. 71.

(22) πॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱᖵ‫׾‬ρԫ஼ऱີᆏ౧ᆵΔรԫᒧࠩรԿᒧਢ ႉထψᡵਡழཚωШψᗪߔᚈᐚፖ؄Օশߺ࿇ழཚωШψٔຽ ᆺழཚωШψॳࢸཎழཚωၞ۩Ζรԫᒧψْཎᥞඒ‫א‬ছऱழ 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. ‫ז‬ω‫ڇ‬ಘᓵॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග‫ګآ‬੡০ഏհছऱᖵ‫׾‬Δփ୲‫ױ‬ᘯਢԫ ᒳψ‫ا‬ග‫׾‬ω ΖรԲᒧψْཎᥞඒऱᘋದࡉশߺ࿇ਙࢌω Δધᙕ Աْཎᥞඒऱᘋದ‫ا܄ࢮॳ֗א‬ග‫ڂ‬ቸ࿨‫ࡲڇ‬ඒऱ዁ᐐհՀۖ ৬‫م‬Ա০ഏΔਢԫ଄ψࡲඒ‫׾‬ω Δ‫ٵ‬ழՈਢᄅᘋၸ੄ऱψഏ୮‫׾‬ω Ζ รԿᒧψٔຽᆺ০ഏࡉॳࢸཎ০ഏω Δലઌຑऱࠟଡॳࢮ‫܄‬০ഏ ‫ٵ‬٨࣍ԫᒧࠐಘᓵΔਢࠢীऱψഏ୮‫׾‬ω Δ‫ڂ܀‬ᒤ໮ឩ֗ᅝழ০ ഏቼփ‫ْ֗א‬ཎᥞႚ‫܉‬հ‫چ‬ऱषᄎणउፖ֮֏࿇୶Δ ࢬ‫ڇא‬ ψഏ୮‫׾‬ωऱਮዌՀΔ‫ܶץ‬Աψ֮֏‫׾‬ω Ε ψषᄎ‫׾‬ω Ε ψ‫׾ֱچ‬ωΖ ٔຽᆺ০ഏፖॳࢸཎ০ഏऱਙᦞሎ‫ࠀڤֱ܂‬լઌ‫ٵ‬Δٔຽ ᆺཛ 90 ‫ڣ‬ऱᖵ‫׾‬խΔॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගऱশߺ࿇ਢኔᎾψਙωፖψඒω ‫ٽ‬ԫऱᏆ๱Δْཎᥞፖॳࢮ‫܄‬০ഏឩ്ऱᆬ‫ޡ‬ԫીΔլᓵ‫ش‬ψ‫ا‬ ග‫׾‬ω Ε ψࡲඒ‫׾‬ωࢨψഏ୮‫׾‬ωऱ֡ᑑ৬‫م‬ຍԫ੄ᖵ‫׾‬Δࢬ൓ ࿨࣠ຟઌ‫ٵ‬Ζ९ሒ 508 ‫ڣ‬ऱॳࢸཎཛΔೈԱছ 100 ‫ڣ‬ऱᄕᦞอ ԫᣊ‫ٔ࣍ۿ‬ຽᆺཛΔ൷ᥛऱ 400 塒‫ڣ‬Δ০ഏຟ๠࣍։ါणኪΔ πॳ ࢮ‫܄‬Գऱᖵ‫׾‬ρࠀ޲‫ֱچٺီ࢙ڶ‬ᗑ‫׆م‬ཛΔ‫א‬ψ‫׾ֱچ‬ω๠ ෻հΖ ร؄ᒧψॳࢮ‫܄‬Գ‫ڇ‬ᑛ੊Κ۫ఄ‫୾ߺ۫۫ࡉ׃‬ω ΔಘᓵԱॳ ࢮ‫܄‬Գ‫ڇ‬ᑛ੊ऱ࿇୶ΔኔᎾՂ༉ਢፖψ႕۪Օଇѧѧॳࢸཎཛω ࠀ٨ऱψ‫۪ػ‬Օଇѧѧ৵ٔຽᆺཛω‫۫ڇ‬ఄ‫׃‬ऱ࿇୶‫׾‬Δ‫֗א‬ ‫׼‬ԫࠀ٨ऱψጸ۪Օଇѧѧऄᆳጆཛω‫۾‬Ꮖ۫۫ߺ୾ऱԫ੄ᖵ ‫׾‬Ζร؄ᒧऱᖵ‫׾‬ᐷ૪޲‫ڶ‬ᤉᥛංዝΔۖਢ࢓‫ࡉڃ‬รԿᒧψॳ ࢸཎ০ഏωࢬಘᓵऱழၴ੄ᆵԫીΔՈ‫ီױ‬੡ॳࢸཎ০ഏऱψ‫چ‬ ֱ‫׾‬ω Δۖ‫׆ֱچٺ‬ཛऱ‫ا᧯׌‬ගլ‫ٵ‬Δኔঞᑨ៲ထ‫ٺ‬ගψ‫ا‬ග ‫׾‬ωऱփොΖ 72.

(23) รնᒧψխ‫׈‬ધழཚ່৵ऱᗪཎࣥഏ୮ω Δছ‫ת‬ຝધᙕ‫ڇ‬ୗ ֗ऱψऄᆳጆཛω Δழၴ੄ᆵսፖรԿᒧψॳࢸཎ০ഏωࢬಘᓵ ऱઌ‫ٵ‬Ι৵‫ת‬ຝધᙕ‫ڇ‬ୗ֗ፖ‫چ‬խ௧ࣟࡾ‫چ‬೴ऱψ್ֵሁ‫׆܌‬ 中阿文庫. ཛω ΔԲृઃ‫ូױ‬ᣊ‫ڇ‬ψ‫׾ֱچ‬ωऱᒤᡱΖଖ൓ࣹრऱਢΔ፞‫ײ‬ อएՀऱْཎᥞ‫֗א੺׈‬լ࠹ٚ۶ਙᦞ๵ᒤऱॳࢮ‫ٺ୾ת܄‬ຝ ᆵΔ‫ڇ‬ຍଡᖵ‫׾‬ၸ੄๯ឆ៲ದࠐΖ. 28. รքᒧψ჋ቹ೷০ഏऱอएࡉᗑ‫م‬ω٦৫‫א‬ψഏ୮‫׾‬ωऱ ֡ᑑ৬ዌᖵ‫׾‬Δ჋ቹ೷০ഏ༏୉ᙉខΔലԿΕ؄Εնᒧࢬಘᓵ ऱ೴഑ઃ౏ԵΔམᆖ‫ڇ‬ຍࠄ೴഑੒೯ऱॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග֗ࠡ‫اה‬ග ऱᖵ‫׾‬ԫࠓ‫ط‬჋ቹ೷০ഏᤉࢭΖۖՂ૪լ࠹ٚ۶‫׆‬ཛ๵ᒤऱॳ ࢮ‫ٺ୾ת܄‬ຝᆵ‫נ‬෼‫ڼڇ‬ᒧΔ‫ױ‬ጠհ੡ψ‫׾ֱچ‬ω ΔՈਢॳࢮ‫܄‬ ‫ا‬ගऱψ‫ا‬ග‫׾‬ωΔᖄ֧‫נ‬෼‫܄ࢮॳז‬ഏ୮ऱᘋದΖ ጵՂಘᓵΔ٦৫ᢞኔॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ૉ޲‫ڶ‬ψ‫ا‬ග‫׾‬ω٤૿ࢤ ऱᄗឩಘᓵΔॳࢮ‫܄‬ψഏ୮‫׾‬ωྤऄ‫ݙ‬ᖞ‫ܧ‬෼ॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ऱ٤ ᎎΖ πॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱᖵ‫׾‬ρឈ‫א‬ψഏ୮‫׾‬ω֡ᑑ৬ዌॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬Δ ‫ࠡ܀‬փොլႛਢψॳࢮ‫܄‬ഏ୮‫׾‬ω Δ‫ޓ‬ଘᔾψॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග‫׾‬ω‫ݙ‬ ‫ٺګ‬ᒧΔۖಘᓵऱᤛߡΔԾլ‫ױ‬ᝩ‫܍‬ऱऎထψْཎᥞඒ‫׾‬ωऱ ᒤᡱ࢓؆࢏‫ۼ‬Ζ௅ᖕπॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱᖵ‫׾‬ρԫ஼‫ٺ‬ᒧऱ‫᧯׌‬ਮዌ ፖᇡาփ୲Δᇠ஼᝟२ψ‫ا‬ග‫׾‬ωऱᖵ‫׾‬ᖂ᥆ࢤΔ‫ڼڂ‬Δ‫׽‬૞ ৬‫܄ࢮॳم‬ψ‫ا‬ග‫׾‬ω Δঁ‫ױ‬ലॳࢮ‫܄‬ऱψഏ୮‫׾‬ω Ε ψࡲඒ‫׾‬ωΕ ψ‫׾ֱچ‬ωΕ ψ֮֏‫׾‬ω Εψषᄎ‫׾‬ωԫࠓ‫୲ץ‬ΰ‫ڕ‬ψ। 4Κॳࢮ ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ऱ٤ᎎω αΔ‫ܧ‬෼ॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ऱ٤ᎎΖ. 73.

(24) । 2Κॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ऱ٤ᎎ. 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. ‫ا‬ග‫׾‬. ഏ୮‫׾‬ ࡲඒ‫׾‬ ‫׾ֱچ‬ ֮֏‫׾‬. ॳࢮ‫܄‬ຏ‫׾‬. षᄎ‫׾‬. 5. ॳࢮ‫׾܄‬Εْཎᥞ‫׾‬ፖխࣟ‫׾‬ऱ෗‫ٵ‬෼ွ ॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග‫ْڂ‬ཎᥞऱᘋದۖ৬‫م‬ದഏ୮Δᙟထॳࢮ‫܄‬ ᖵཛᡲ഑ऱឩ‫ך‬Δ‫ڇ֗א‬ഏቼփኔਜْཎᥞऱए෻ֱ‫ڤ‬Δᨃ ψॳࢮ‫܄‬০ഏωፖψْཎᥞ০ഏωऱᏆ഑ૹᦤΔᖵ‫׾‬ऱංฝ Ո‫ٻޡٵ‬ছΖॳࢸཎழཚၲࡨΔْཎᥞऱ։ؒ၌။Աॳࢮ‫܄‬ ০ഏᏆ഑Δॳࢮ‫܄‬೸ளሙ֗‫੺׈‬Δ๯ጠ੡ْཎᥞഎΰdƗr al-Islamαऱψْཎᥞ‫੺׈‬ωՈᙟհឩՕ27Ζ ψխࣟωԫဲਢ 18 ‫׈‬ધ‫أ‬Δᑛ঎჋‫ٮ‬࿛‫چ‬ഏኔਜཷ‫ا‬ ‫׌‬ᆠழ໌ທ‫ࠐנ‬ऱ‫ဲټ‬Ζ‫چڇ‬ᒴ೴഑ՂਢਐԿ੊ΰᑛ੊Εࠅ ੊Εॺ੊αն௧ΰ‫چ‬խ௧Ε႕௧Ε㠪௧Εદ௧Εॳࢮ‫܄‬௧α ٌ੺հ๠Δᐖᆠऱխࣟᝫ‫ץ‬ਔ‫ॺק‬ऱॳࢮ‫܄‬ഏ୮Δਢ჋ቹ೷ Ւۘࠡ০ഏΰْཎᥞ০ഏαᏆ‫چ‬ΔՈਢཷ‫׌ا‬ᆠᝍᘤհ‫چ‬Ζ ჋ቹ೷Ւۘࠡ০ഏᇞ᧯հ৵Δ෼‫܄ࢮॳז‬ഏ୮౑౑‫ڇ‬ ψխࣟωഹದΔ‫چ‬ᒴՂψॳࢮ‫੺׈܄‬ω Ε ψْཎᥞ‫੺׈‬ω Ε ψխ ࣟωԿृ࢖‫ᦤૹڼ‬ΔઌኙऱΔԿृऱᖵ‫׾‬஼ᐊՈᙟհૹᦤΔ ‫ޣ‬ᢞ࣍πॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱᖵ‫׾‬ρ Ε πᏦᖯْཎᥞ‫׾‬ρፖπ෼‫ז‬խࣟ ‫׾‬ρԿຝ‫׾‬஼Δ൓वઌյհၴ‫נ‬෼ॺൄ‫ڍ‬ऱ෗‫ٵ‬෼ွΖ੡ঁ 27 վֲْཎᥞբႚሙ‫چٺ੺׈‬Δᗪཎࣥࡺ‫᧯׌‬ΰmajorityαऱ‫چ‬೴ጠհ੡ᗪཎࣥഏ୮ΰmuslim statesαΔՈ‫ࣔאױ‬ᒔऱᎅΔ᥆ْ࣍ཎᥞᄎᤜิ៣ΰOrganization of Islamic ConferenceΔ១ጠ OICα ऱᄎ୉ഏ੡ᗪཎࣥഏ୮Ζࠩ 2008 ‫ַڣ‬ΔOIC ऱᄎ୉ഏ٥ૠ 57 ഏΖOIC ࡴֱጻీΔጻܿΚ http://www.oic-oci.org/oicnew/member_states.asp ਷ᇬֲཚΚ2008/7/3 Ζ. 74.

(25) ࣍ಘᓵΔ᠃ലπᏦᖯْཎᥞ‫׾‬ρີᆏ।٨‫ڕ‬ψ। 3ΚBernard Lewisʿʳ The Cambridge History of Islam ີᆏᒳඈ֗‫ٺ‬໢ց൶ ಘ‫׌‬ᠲωΙπ෼‫ז‬խࣟ‫׾‬ρີᆏ।٨‫ڕ‬ψ। 4ΚWillam L. 中阿文庫. Clevelandʿ A History of the Modern Middle East ີᆏᒳඈ֗‫ٺ‬ ໢ց൶ಘ‫׌‬ᠲω Ζʳ । 3ΚBernard Lewis, The Cambridge History of Islam ີᆏᒳඈ֗‫ٺ‬໢ց൶ಘ‫׌‬ᠲ Part I ْཎᥞᘋದፖ֭಻ॳࢮ‫܄‬Գ The Rise and Domination of The Arabs 1. ْཎᥞᘋದছऱॳࢮ‫୾ת܄‬ 2. ᗪߔᚈᐚ 3. ּගอएፖٔຽᆺশߺ࿇ 4. ॳࢸཎཛ Part II ࠡ‫اה‬ගऱ‫ף‬Ե The Coming of The Steppe Peoples 1. শߺ࿇ਙᦞ‫ֱࣟڇ‬ऱ։ါ 2. ୗ֗ፖඖ‫ࠅܓ‬ 3. Ⴞዿਪ Salajuk ፖ Beyliks ழཚऱ‫ࠅܓڮ౏ڜ‬ 4. ჋ཎ೷ Ottomna ऱ‫נ‬෼ Part III ჋ቹ೷ழཚऱْཎᥞխՒ The Central Islamic Lands in The Ottoman Period 1. ჋ቹ೷০ഏऱᘋದ 2. ჋ቹ೷০ഏऱᦙ୽ፖಐಯ 3. ‫ ࣍ۯ‬Rumelia ፖ‫ࠅܓڮ౏ڜ‬ऱඡཚ჋ቹ೷০ഏ 4. ‫࣍آ‬ୗ֗ፖॅ޴ִ᨜ऱඡཚ჋ቹ೷০ഏ 5. ंཎ៳ऄፂ‫׆‬ཛ Savavid 6. ंཎΚषᄎऱഽᇞ 7. 16 ‫׈‬ધ۟঎ᢅཎԵॿழཚऱխࠅ ॵᙕΚ႓८ड໱Ղऱᤉٚृ 8. ‫ޥ‬঎ፖխࠅᗪཎࣥ Part IV ෼‫ْז‬ཎᥞխՒ The Central Islamic Lands in Recent Times 1. ෼‫ז‬Ւۘࠡ 2. ॳࢮ‫੺׈܄‬ 3. ෼‫ंז‬ཎ 4. ْཎᥞ‫ڇ‬ᤕᜤ 5. ٥ข‫׌‬ᆠ‫ْڇ‬ཎᥞխՒ 6. ֱ۫ਙएऱᐙ᥼ 7. ᆖᛎፖषᄎ᧢ᔢ Part V ‫ٱ‬৫‫ڻ‬Օຬ Part VI ࣟতࠅ Part VII ॺ੊ፖᗪཎࣥऱ۫ি Part VIII ْཎᥞषᄎፖ֮ࣔ. 28. 75.

(26) 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. । 4ΚWillam L. Cleveland, A History of the Modern Middle East ີᆏᒳඈ֗‫ٺ‬໢ց ൶ಘ‫׌‬ᠲ Part I 18 ‫׈‬ધছْཎᥞ֮ࣔऱ࿇୶ The Development of Islamic Civilization to the 18th Century 1. ْཎᥞऱᘋದፖឩ് 2. 15 ‫׈‬ધছْཎᥞ֮ࣔऱ࿇୶ 3. ჋ቹ೷ፖ៳ऄፂ০ഏΚԫଡᄅऱ০ഏิ៣ Part II ᠏᧢‫זڣ‬ऱၲࡨ The Beginnings of the Era of Transformation 4. ‫ؚ‬ທԫଡᄅิ៣Κ‫଀ޏ‬ऱ‫ڤݮ‬Δ1789-1849 5. Tanzimat ሎ೯ழऱ჋ቹ೷০ഏፖୗ֗ 6. 19 ‫׈‬ધඡཚऱୗ֗ፖْி 7. ْཎᥞषᄎऱ‫ڃ‬ᚨ 8. ॹ‫ڣ‬Ւۘࠡፖْிᖆਙ‫׌‬ᆠृ 9. ԫ‫੺׈ڻ‬Օᖏፖ჋ቹ೷อएऱ‫ܖ‬ᑇ Part III ੡ᗑ‫م‬ᕿ೐ΚփຝᖏञፖԲᖏ࿨‫ޔ‬ ʳ ʳ The Struggle for IndependenceL The Interwar Era to the End of World War II 10. Ւۘࠡፖْிᗑဪਙᦞ‫଀ޏ‬ 11. ॳࢮ‫܄‬ಳ‫ޣ‬ᗑ‫م‬ऱᕿ೐Κփຝᖏञ۟ 1945 ‫ڣ‬ၴऱୗ֗Εْࢮ ‫܌‬ፖ؆પ‫؟‬ 12. ॳࢮ‫܄‬ಳ‫ޣ‬ᗑ‫م‬ऱᕿ೐Κփຝᖏञ۟ 1945 ‫ڣ‬ၴऱඖ‫ࠅܓ‬Εᕟ ֣ኊፖ‫ޥ‬௻‫چ‬ 13. ֣೬ཎࡖࡡٚอएፖْ‫ۥ‬٨ഏ୮ऱᓭ‫س‬ Part IV 1945 ‫אڣ‬৵ऱᗑ‫م‬խࣟ The Independent Middle East Since 1945 14. ‫׌ا‬ፖᗑဪΚՒۘࠡፖْி 15. ౏ᅖழཚऱխࣟΚୗ֗ 16. ౏ᅖழཚऱխࣟΚॳࢮ‫܄‬ਙएऱᖿၞ 17. ൕ႕԰ִࠃٙࠩ‫ؓࡉܓܓף‬Κୗ֗Ε‫ۥא‬٨Εᕟ֣ኊፖ֣೬ཎ ࡖऱഏ୮ሎ೯ 18. ඖ‫ࠅܓ‬ፖْࢮ‫܌‬ᗑဪอएऱ‫ࠓٽ‬ΚॳႾᐚፖ઺ลਙᦞ 19. 1945 ‫ࠐאڣ‬ऱॳࢮ‫୾ת܄‬ 20. ْி଀ࡎፖْཎᥞ༚ᘋ 21. ؈‫ݧ‬ፖ٦‫س‬ऱ‫זڣ‬Κ1987-1993. Կຝ‫׾‬஼փ୲່Օऱ։ມ‫࣍ڇ‬πॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱᖵ‫׾‬ρထૹ ‫܄ࢮॳڇ‬ਙᦞऱႚᎠΙπᏦᖯْᥞ‫׾‬ρಘᓵԱࢬ‫ْڶ‬ཎᥞႚ ‫܉‬ऱᒤ໮Ιπ෼‫ז‬խࣟ‫׾‬ρٌ‫ז‬Ա‫ڇ‬խࣟຍԫ‫چ‬೴‫ژس‬ऱ‫ٺ‬ ‫ا‬ගፖਙᦞऱᖵ‫׾‬Δ֠ࠡਢ२෼‫ז‬ऱխࣟ‫ݝ‬Ⴈ‫۾‬Աપԫ‫ת‬ऱ πᏦᖯْᥞ‫׾‬ρਢ៳ࠉᐚࢬᘯψֱࣟᖂृ‫إ‬อඒ੔ऱ ᒧ༏28Ζ ֆᎁᦰ‫ء‬ω29Δᕣጥԫၲࡨ‫ࣔߢܛ‬ᇠ஼ᐷᐊऱ‫ؾ‬ऱ‫࣍ڇ‬ലْ 28 29. 76. ψխࣟωԫဲਢ 18 ‫׈‬ધ‫أ‬ᆺཷ‫׌ا‬ᆠऱขढΔ ψխࣟ‫׾‬ω෻ᓵՂൕ‫ࠥڼ‬թ‫୶ڤإ‬ၲΖ ფᐚဎΘ៳ࠉᐚΰEdward W. SaidαထΕ‫ؖݳ׆‬࿛᤟Δπֱࣟ‫׌‬ᆠρ ΰOrientalismαΔ ΰ‫ק؀‬Κ‫م‬.

(27) ཎᥞᅝ‫܂‬ԫଡ֮֏ᖞ᧯ࠐ‫ܧ‬෼Δ30‫࣍ૻ܀‬ᇷறࠐᄭ‫ْ֗א‬ཎ ᥞሎ۩ऱ೴഑Δ࿪Օຝ։ऱີᆏսႉထਙए‫ࠐ׾‬ၞ۩Δ31ᨃ ْཎᥞ๯෻ᇞ‫ګ‬ᖏञΕཛ‫ޓז‬૯ΕᦞԺᘋಐΕ‫ا‬ග࢓ࠐऱመ 中阿文庫. ࿓Ζ32π෼‫ז‬խࣟᖵ‫׾‬ρऱྡྷរ‫ྥؘ‬ᆵ‫ڇ‬ਙएᤜᠲΔ‫ߺ܌܀‬ ‫ؗ‬ᥞ੡Ա‫ܧ‬෼ᖞ᧯խࣟᖵ‫׾‬Δսઠ༺‫׌‬૞षᄎΕᆖᛎፖᅝ‫ז‬ რᢝऱඖ૪ፖಘᓵΔ33ᣊ‫ۿ‬՛ୂᐚ‫׾‬യ௽ΰArthur Goldschmidt. 28. Jr.αᐷᐊπխࣟ‫׾‬ρழΔᎁ੡ψ່‫ڶ‬რᆠऱઔߒ໢ցਢ֮֏ω 34. ऱᨠរΖ٤஼ᓵ૪ऱૹ֨‫ ط‬18 ‫׈‬ધၲࡨ߱վΔ‫܀‬ᒧ༏ऱၲ. ୶ս‫ط‬ψْཎᥞऱᘋದፖឩ്ω‫܂‬੡ၲጤΖԫ‫ؗߺ܌ڕ‬ᥞࢬ ߢΔ০ഏऱ৬‫م‬ಜᔾࡲඒᖞ‫ٽ‬ਢԼ։۞ྥऱΔ35Կຝᖵ‫׾‬ऱ ٌႃΔࣔ᧩ऱႃխ‫ڇ‬ψॳࢮ‫܄‬০ഏωፖψْཎᥞ০ഏω‫ޡٵ‬ ࿇୶ऱၸ੄Ζψॳࢮ‫܄‬ωፖψْཎᥞω༓‫ګ׏‬੡լ‫ױ‬։໊ऱ ‫׌‬ᠲΔࠡխۭᜤऱᣂ᝶‫ا܄ࢮॳ࣍ڇ‬ගፖᗪཎࣥߪ։ऱૹᦤ ፖ٥‫شࠌٵ‬ऱ፿ߢѧѧॳࢮ‫܄‬፿Ι‫֗א‬խࣟ‫چ‬೴๺‫ڍ‬፿ߢ٥ ‫شࠌٵ‬ऱ਋ߓอѧѧॳࢮ‫ئڗ܄‬Ζ ΰ‫ڕ‬ψቹ 1ΚԿຝ‫׾‬஼ᐷ૪ ऱٌႃω α. ፃ֮֏Δ1999 ‫ڣ‬αΔ଄ 438Ζ 30 P.M. Holt, Ann K.S. Lambton, Bernard Lewis, The Cambridge History of Islam, p.ix. 31 Ibid, p.xviii. 32 ფᐚဎΘ៳ࠉᐚΰEdward W. SaidαထΕ‫ؖݳ׆‬࿛᤟Δπֱࣟ‫׌‬ᆠρ Δ଄ 439Ζ 33 William L. Cleveland, A History of the Modern Middle East. p.xvii. 34 ՛ୂᐚ‫׾‬യ௽ΰArthur Goldschmidt Jr.αထΕᓐ‫ۍ‬Ꮁ᤟Δ πխࣟ‫׾‬ρ ΰA Concise History of the Middle Eastαΰ7 ed.α Δΰ‫ק؀‬Κഏ‫م‬ᒳ᤟塢Δ2003 ‫ڣ‬αΔ଄ 4Ζ 35 ‫ٵ‬ՂုΔp.2.. 77.

(28) ቹ 1ΚԿຝ‫׾‬஼ᐷ૪ऱٌႃ. ॳࢮ‫׾܄‬ 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. Muhammad Caliphate Umayyad. ْཎᥞ‫׾‬. ‘AbbƗsiyyah Ottoman. խࣟ‫׾‬. ۭᜤऱᣂ᝶ΚْཎᥞඒΕॳࢮ‫܄‬፿Εॳࢮ‫ئڗ܄‬. ॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග‫ْڂ‬ཎᥞऱᘋದۖኧࢍ‫᧢ޏ‬Աᖵ‫׾‬ऱ࿇ ୶Δॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගऱ‫ا‬ගრᢝঁ‫ٵ‬ழ৬‫ڇم‬ψॳࢮ‫܄‬፿ωࡉψْ ཎᥞඒωհՂΖ ‫ײא‬ဒּຝග፿ߢ੡‫׌‬ი࿇୶‫ࠐנ‬ऱॳࢮ‫܄‬፿Δ‫ ڇ‬7 ‫׈‬ ધ‫ګ‬੡ࡲඒ፿ߢΔԾጠ੡ψ‫ײ‬ᥞᆖऱ፿ߢω36Δֲ৵࿇୶੡ ᑑᄷॳࢮ‫܄‬፿ΰmodern standard Arabicαᔞ‫࣍ش‬෼վ 22 ଡॳ ࢮ‫܄‬ഏ୮Ζॳࢮ‫܄‬፿ലْཎᥞᘋದছፖᘋದ৵ऱॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග ᖵ‫׾‬ᜤᢀದࠐΔԾ‫ش‬೚ႚᐾࡲඒऱ໾տΔ‫ٵ‬ழ۴ᙟထْཎᥞ ඒऱႚᐾۖ๯ᐖऑࠌ‫ش‬Δ‫ګ‬੡ॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගऱយထᕪΖْཎᥞ ऱᘋದ੡ॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග৬‫م‬Աԫ୚ᄅ఼‫ݧ‬Δॳࢮ‫܄‬Գຏመْཎ ᥞۖอԫ‫ګ‬੡ԫ᧯Δْཎᥞᓿղຍଡॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගԫଡᄅष ᄎΕᄅ֮ࣔऱ৬๻ഗ៕Δ٦ᓿղ‫ה‬ଚ‫ٻ‬؆ႚᐾࡲඒऱࠌࡎΖ ॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගრᢝᆖ‫ْط‬ཎᥞۖ‫ڶ‬რᆠΔࠌ൓ψॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගω. 78. 36 ْᥞඒ‫܄ࢮॳش‬Գऱ፿ߢႚᎠΔॳࢮ‫܄‬፿Ո๯ጠ੡‫ײ‬ᥞᆖऱ፿ߢΖ π‫ײ‬ᥞᆖρճΚψຍਢ༇ᣤ ऱ‫ײ‬ᥞᆖΖω ΰ85:21α ψಖᙕ‫ڇ‬ԫჇ࠹অᥨऱ֚ྨՂΖω ΰ85:22α ψ‫ݺ‬ᒔբ‫ڼא‬੡ॳࢮ‫֮܄‬ऱ‫ײ‬ᥞ ᆖΔ‫܃ঁא‬ଚԱᇞΖω ΰ43:3α ψ‫߷ݺڇ‬ᇙऱ֚ᆖ଺‫ء‬խΔ‫ה‬ᒔਢ೏ࡸऱΕጔཕऱΖωΰ43:4α π‫ײ‬ ᥞᆖխ֮᤟ᇞρ ΰᆣৄຽ‫౏چ‬ठα Δ ΰຽ‫౏چ‬Κऄ᎒ᐚഏ‫ײ׆‬ᥞᆖ‫ٱ‬፹ᐗΔ‫ڃ‬ᖟ 1407 ‫ڣ‬α Δ଄ 590Ι 489Ζ.

(29) ൅‫ࡲڶ‬ඒऱොᆠΖ ψॳࢮ‫܄‬፿ωፖψْཎᥞඒωਢॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගრᢝऱ‫׌‬ၗΖ ‫ڶ‬Աຍࠟ௅֭ਪΔψॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග‫׾‬ω๯ഒࡳ‫ݙ׊‬ᖞऱ৬ዌದ 中阿文庫. ࠐΔࠡխψॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱᖵ‫׾‬ωፖψْཎᥞඒ‫׾‬ωႨ‫ᦤૹؘ‬Ζ ‫ڇ‬ႚᐾࡲඒऱᖵ࿓խΔધᙕ‫ײ‬ᥞᆖ፿ߢऱ‫ߓ᧯ئڗ‬37ᙟ ထْཎᥞऱႚᐾ֗০ഏऱឩ്ۖᐖ੡ࠌ‫ش‬Ζࠌ‫ئڗ܄ࢮॳش‬. 28. ਋ଃऱ፿ߢ‫ڶ‬Κխࣟ‫چ‬೴ऱॳࢮ‫܄‬፿Ε‫ࠢײ‬Ւۘࠡ፿Εंཎ ፿Ιॺ੊‫چ‬೴ऱਹਹ፿ΰBerberαΕ‫ߺ۫ر׾‬፿ΰSwahiliαΕ ᤕկ፿ΰSudanα Εᎌ៳፿ΰHausaα Ε್ࢮ‫܌‬չ፿ΰMalagasyα ࿛࿛Ιࠅ੊‫چ‬೴ऱ௻ዿຟ፿ΰUrduα Εፂ‫ܠ‬ዿ፿Εশ៳‫܌‬፿Ε ཏչቹ፿ΰPushtuα Ε‫ࠐ್ࠢײ‬፿࿛࿛Ζຍࠄ፿೴‫ڂ‬੡൷࠹ْ ཎᥞॾٛፖᔹᦰπ‫ײ‬ᥞᆖρۖ൷ᤛॳࢮ‫܄‬፿֗ॳࢮ‫ڗ֮܄‬Δ ‫ڶ‬ऱ፿ߢ‫ڗ֮ڶ޲ࠐٻ‬Ι‫ڶ‬ऱঞ࣋ඵԱ଺‫ڶ‬ऱ֮‫ߓ᧯ڗ‬Δ‫ޏ‬ ආॳࢮ‫ࠐئڗ܄‬਋ᐊᇠ፿ߢۖ‫ڗ֮ࠡګ‬Ζψॳࢮ‫ئڗ܄‬ωွ ᐛထْཎᥞੌႚऱᆬ‫ޡ‬Δ‫ګ‬੡ψॳࢮ‫֏֮܄‬എऱᑑಖω Δ38ۖ ຍଡ֮֏എऱႃխ‫چ‬༉ਢվֲऱխࣟ‫چ‬೴Ζ៶‫ڼط‬ԫ֮֏എ ‫ױ‬։ᙃ‫נ‬ψْཎᥞ‫੺׈‬ω‫֗א‬ψॳࢮ‫܄‬০ഏωߨመऱฉᇾΔ ‫܀‬։ᙃψॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගωս૞‫ࠩូڃ‬ψॳࢮ‫܄‬፿ω Ζ ψْཎᥞඒω Εႚᐾْཎᥞऱ፿ߢѧѧψॳࢮ‫܄‬፿ω Εࠌ ‫܄ࢮॳش‬፿ऱ‫ا‬ගѧѧψॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ගωΕ‫ॾڂ‬ْٛཎᥞۖࠌ ‫ئڗ܄ࢮॳش‬਋ᐊ‫۞ٺ‬፿ߢऱψᗪཎࣥωΔຍࠄஒஒઌᣂऱ ‫ঁ᧯׌‬ਢψॳࢮ‫׾܄‬ω Ε ψْཎᥞ‫׾‬ωፖψխࣟ‫׾‬ωಖሉऱ‫׌‬ ᠲΔՈ༉ਢπॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱᖵ‫׾‬ρ Ε πᏦᖯْཎᥞ‫׾‬ρፖπ෼‫ז‬ խࣟ‫׾‬ρ‫נ‬෼෗‫ٵ‬෼ွऱ଺‫ڂ‬Ζ 37 ٤‫੺׈‬ધᙕ‫ٺ‬ጟլ‫ٵ‬፿ߢऱ֮‫ߓ᧯ڗ‬։੡ԿጟΔԫ੡ψ਋ଃ‫ئڗ‬ω ΰalphabetα Ιԫ੡ዧ‫ڗ‬ऱψ‫ڗ‬ ցω ΰcharacterα Ιԫ੡բլ٦๯ࠌ‫ش‬ऱୗ֗ψွ‫ئڗݮ‬ω ΰhieroglyphicα Ζ਋ଃ‫ئڗ‬խ‫ڶ‬ψᗑ‫ڗش‬ ‫ئ‬ω‫ئڗࠐ܄ݦڕ‬ΙՈ‫ڶ‬ψ‫ئڗشڍ‬ω‫ࢮڕ‬ԭ‫ئڗ‬Εཎࢮ֛‫ئڗ‬ፖॳࢮ‫ئڗ܄‬Δࠎᚨ‫ڍ‬ጟ፿ߢ‫܂‬ ੡਋ଃ᧯ߓΔ৬‫ߓڗ֮م‬อΖࡌ‫ڶ‬٠Δπ‫ئڗ੺׈‬១‫׾‬ρΔ ΰՂ௧ΚՂ௧ඒߛ‫נ‬ठषΔ1987 ‫ڣ‬α Δ ଄ 2Ζ 38 ࡌ‫ڶ‬٠Δ π‫ئڗ੺׈‬១‫׾‬ρ Δ଄ 141Ζ. 79.

(30) 6. ‫א‬ψ‫ا‬ගω੡֡ᑑ৬ዌॳࢮ‫׾܄‬ ॳࢮ‫܄‬ψഏ୮‫׾‬ωऱ৬ዌֱ‫ྤڤ‬ऄᒔኔ༳༽‫ޢ‬ଡཛ‫ז‬ऱ 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. ٤૿࿇୶Δො።ᖞଡॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱᖵ‫׾‬ΙՈྤऄ‫ޢڇ‬ԫଡཛ‫ז‬ ‫ޓ‬૯ऱ᠏‫މ‬๠Δႉ‫ܓ‬ऱᎲ൷ॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱូ᥆ࢨࠉॵΙ੡Ա᥽ ֗٤૿Δπॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱᖵ‫׾‬ρբ᝟२ψ‫ا‬ග‫׾‬ωऱփොΔ‫܀‬ ൕψഏ୮‫׾‬ω‫׌‬૞౧ᆵ։‫װנݣ‬ಘᓵऱᓰᠲΔԾᣄ‫܍‬ሿཋᠧ ႖Ζ‫ڼڇ‬Δ‫ݺ‬ଚലᖵ‫׾‬ऱ৸ፂ᠏‫ٻ‬ψ‫ا‬ග‫׾‬ω Δᇢ‫א‬ψ‫ا‬ගω ੡֡ᑑࠥቤॳࢮ‫܄‬ᖵ‫׾‬ऱ։ཚ‫ڕ‬ψ। 5Κॳࢮ‫ا܄‬ග‫׾‬։ཚ ।ωΖ. 80.