題名: 幼兒歌唱在華德福幼稚園實施初探 - 以台中一所華德福托兒所為例 作者: 劉斐如
貢獻者: 亞洲大學幼兒教育學系講師
關鍵詞: 幼兒歌唱;華德福幼稚園;晨頌;Young children's singing;Waldorf kindergarten;Morning circle
日期: 2008-11-25
上傳時間: 2009-12-08T05:25:53Z 出版者: 亞洲大學幼兒教育學系
摘要: 本研究旨在探討幼兒歌唱在華德福幼稚園實施之模式。研究者以台中一所華德福托兒 所的某一班級為觀察研究對象，從2006 年 5 月至 7 月歷經約兩個月的教室觀察，
隨後與該托兒所的老師們進行訪談。本研究採用質性研究法之個案研究法，採用的研 究工具包括文獻分析法、教室觀察日誌、訪談紀錄、文件收集與分析，並從教室觀察 與訪談記錄中歸納出以下五個探討主題：歌唱活動在華德福幼稚園實施之模式，歌 唱活動進行中的師生互動，晨頌與幼兒觀察，歌唱活動對孩子的影響，華德福教師 對幼兒歌唱教學的省思。研究者經過分析與檢視，綜合歸納出以下結論：(一) 華德福 教育的創始者史代納(Steiner)認為音樂能使孩子的心安定、專注，音樂還可以豐富 孩子的心靈，並增強孩子的意志力。而歌唱是幫助幼兒身、心、靈整體平衡發展的最 佳途徑。(二) 華德福的音樂旋律以 d e g a b d1 e1 為音域的五聲音階為主，史代納 認為五聲音階的音樂帶給孩子愉快、自由的感覺，教師要配合五聲音階旋律的特質，
以溫柔、寧靜的歌聲來唱歌。另外，史代納強調教師要用自己的聲音和孩子歌唱，不 要依賴錄音機。(三) 華德福幼兒歌唱實施的內容主要是每日的晨頌與課程轉換的歌 唱。(四) 華德福的歌唱活動增進師生的互動、幼兒身體的協調與發展、語言的表達能 力、甚至對發音的改善都有明顯的幫助。愛唱歌已成為華德福孩子的特色。(五) 華德 福老師透過多唱歌，並且被要求將歌曲唱較高的音域，因此，他們比以前更愛唱歌 而且加強了歌唱的技巧，同時也擴展了歌唱的音域。縱然如此，他們仍希望多學一些 發聲的技巧。晨頌的活動幫助老師在身體動作上更協調與靈活。另外，華德福老師希 望能獲得更多本土化的歌唱教材。
The main purpose of this study was to explore the implementing model of young children's singing at Waldorf Kindergarten. The researcher invited one of the classes at a Waldorf Daycare Center in Taichung city as the subject of the study. The Classroom observation was conducted from May to July in 2006 and then three interviews with three teachers in the daycare center were followed. This study adopted a qualitative study method, and the implements used included literature analysis, classroom observation record, interview record, document collection and analysis. Inferring from classroom observation and interview record, this study has focused on the following areas:The model of singing activity in
Waldorf Kindergarten, the dynamics between the teachers and the students in the singing activity, the observation of morning circle and young children, the influences of singing activity on young children, the reflection of Waldorf teachers on teaching singing to young children.
After a thorough analysis and examination, this study has summarized and inducted the following conclusions:(1)Steiner, the founder of Waldorf education, believed that not only can music help stabilize children’s heart and make them concentrate, but it also can enrich children’s mentality and strengthen their will power. Therefore, singing is the best approach that facilitates the balanced development of
children’s body, soul, and spirit.(2) The melody of Waldorf is primarily the Pentatonic scale, d e g a b d1 e1.Steiner believed that the
pentatonic music will bring children the feelings of pleasure and freedom
; besides, a teacher should sing with a gentle and tranquil voice in a pentatonic atmosphere. In addition, Steiner emphasized that a teacher should use his or her own voice to sing with children, instead of
depending on a tape recorder.(3) The practical content of the Waldorf children’s singing is the daily morning circle and transitional songs between classes.(4) The Waldorf singing activity enhances the
interactions between the teachers and the students, the children’s body coordination and development , the language ability, and even a very obvious help to the vocal improvement. The love of singing in Children at Waldorf has become a characteristic.(5) Through more singing and being required to sing higher notes, the teachers at Waldorf find out that they like to sing more than before, and their singing skills are enhanced, and their tone range is expanded. However, they still would like to learn more vocal skills. Morning circle activity has helped teachers to be more coordinated and flexible in their body movements. In addition, the teachers at Waldorf hope to acquire more indigenous singing materials.
