電磁學與光學

103學年上學期高二物理

黃信健

電磁學與光學

課程表

日期 內容 內容

2014/10/04 (一) 電磁學

2014/10/18 (二)

2014/11/01 (三) 電磁學

2014/11/15 (四) 電磁學

2014/11/29 (五) 電磁學

2014/12/13 (六) 電磁學

2014/12/27 (七) 電磁學

2015/01/10 (八) 電磁學

2015/01/24 (九)

The Electric Interaction 1電荷

1電荷

What causes the “sparking” of a wintergreen lifesaver?

2 電場

• （electric field） （Lines of force）

3 高斯定律 Gauss’ Law

• Flux  enclosed charge

q

A d E









 ^{ }

0 0





4

點

電

荷

的

電

位

圖

• E.S. for a uniform field, a point charge, and an electric dipole

等位面3例

5 電容器

6 I-V curves

conductor semiconductor

7 Multiloop Circuits

 The Junction rule: 流入接點之電流必等 於流出者

(Kirchhoff’s junction/current rule)

2 3

1

i i

i  

課程表

2013/10/19 (九)

電磁學

2013/11/02 (十)

電磁學

2013/11/16 (十一)

電磁學

2013/11/30 (十二)

電磁學

2013/12/14 (十三)

電磁學

201312/28 (十四)

電磁學

2013/01/11 (十五)

光學

2013/11/16 (十六) optics ^{15光學儀器}

2013/11/30 (十七)

光學

2013/12/14 (十八)

光學

201312/28 (十九)

光學

2013/01/11 (二十)

光學

8 磁場

How is an aurora so thin yet so tall and wide?

9 電流與磁場、安培定律

Magnetic Fields due to Currents

Conventional rocket EM Rail Gun

The space shuttle

10 電磁感應

How did the electric guitar revolutionize rock?

From acoustic to electric guitars

11 Electromagnetic Oscillations and

Alternating Current

12 Magnetism of Matter 磁 性

Electromagnetic Waves 電磁波

How can a clay-

walled kiln reveal

Earth’s magnetic

field of the past?

14 反射、折射、干涉、繞射

1電荷

Chapter Opening Puzzler－ 5

Ed.

What causes the “sparking” of a wintergreen lifesaver?

Chapter Opening Puzzler－ 8

Ed.

1 電荷

1.1 電荷（electric charge）

1.2 庫倫定律 (Coulomb’s law )

1.3 靜電的應用

1.1 電荷

•摩擦充電

•塑膠棒（負電荷）與毛皮（正電荷）

•玻璃棒（正電荷）與絲綢（負電荷）

•感應充電

正電荷與負電荷

感應充電

The Electric Interaction

Electric charge and the structure of matter

• The particles of the atom are the negative electron, the positive proton, and the uncharged neutron.

• Protons and neutrons make up the tiny dense nucleus which is

surrounded by electrons (see Figure 21.3 at the right).

• The electric attraction between protons and

electrons holds the atom together.

Atoms and ions

• A neutral atom has the same number of protons as electrons.

• A positive ion is an atom with one or more electrons removed.

A negative ion has gained one or more electrons.

Conservation of charge

• The proton and electron have the same magnitude charge.

• The magnitude of charge of the electron or proton is a natural unit of charge. All

observable charge is quantized in this unit.

• The universal principle of charge

conservation states that the algebraic sum of all the electric charges in any closed system is constant.

Conductors and insulators

• A conductor permits the easy movement of

charge through it. An insulator does not.

• Most metals are good conductors, while most nonmetals are

insulators. (See Figure 21.6 at the right.)

• Semiconductors are intermediate in their properties between good conductors and good insulators.

Millikan’s Oil Drop Experiment

• Quarks: q =  e / 3 or  2e / 3

Charge is quantized

• The electric charge (e) is discrete (quantized)

• SI unit: coulomb (C), defined in term of ampere

C e

n ne

q

10

6 . 1

3,...

2, 1,

= ,













• The radioactive decay

• The annihilation process (對滅) He

Th

U

238

 



 







e

e

Charge is conserved

• The pair production process (對生)

• The bubble (cloud) chamber







 e e



Elementary Particles

1.2 Coulomb’s Law

12 2 2

0 8.85 10 / permitivity

C N m

   ^ 



2 2

9 0

2 2 1

/ 10

99 . 4 8

1 N m C

k

r q k q

F













Ex. 1-1 一庫倫負電荷含有多少電子

Ex. 1-2 氫原子內電子與質子之間電 力與重力之比



  

 

 ₁₉ 6.25 10¹⁸e C/e

10 1.6

1.00Coul e

N q

 

 

  

 

39

47 11 2

27 31

2 2 11

2

8 11 2

19 2 2

2 9

2 0

2 1

10

10 6

. 3 10

3 . 5

10 67

. 1 10

11 . 10 9

67 . 6

10 2

. 8 10

3 . 5

10 60

. 10 1

4 9







 



 







 

 



 



  











 







p e

P e g

e

P e g

e

m Gm

q Kq F

F

N m

kg kg

kg Nm r

m F Gm

N m

C C

m N r

q F q



Ex. 1-3 鐵（Fe

）原子核中，兩個相距 一個原子核半徑的質子間之斥力

•R = 410

m

•如此大之斥力，必須有更強的核力與 之抗衡，方能維持原子核的穩定。

 





C m N

r q

F_e q^{P P} 14 ~ 3

10 4

10 60

. 10 1

99 .

4 8 ^{15 2}

19 2 2

2 9

2 0

 



 



 





1.3 靜電的應用

• Ink-Jet Printing

• Soil Decontamination

• Electroplating

• Electromagnetic Predators

• Electric Precipitator

• Xerography

• Laser Printer

Ink-Jet Printing

Electron in a uniform field

An ink drop with ^{m  1 . 3  10}

^kg

C Q 1.510^13

mm 64

. 2 0

2 , 1

2 2 2













x

x y

y

mv y QEL

t v L

t a y

m QE m

a F

N/C 10

1.4 E

m/s 18

v cm, 6

. 1 L

6 x









Soil Decontamination and

Electroplating

Electromagnetic Predators

電

磁

掠

食 者

The torpedo ray and

electric eel

Electroplaques

Electric Precipitator

影

印 機

The copying process

Laser Printer