國立鳳山高中 102 年教師甄試英文科試題
注意：請將所有的答案標明題號寫在答案本中。
I. Blank-filling：Choose the most appropriate word for each of the blanks below. (10%)
(請以代號作答，不必考慮大小寫。選項中的動詞僅以原形呈現，作答時請自行考量其形式變 化，一個選項限用一次。)
Long, fancy words designed to show off your intelligence and vocabulary are all very well, but they aren't always the best words. Instead, simple, 1. language is often the clearest way to convey a message.
We all know the scene: Dorothy closes her eyes, and repeats the Good Witch's mantra, "No coordinates exist like one's 2. ; no coordinates exist like one's 2. ; no coordinates exist like one's 2. ." Only Dorothy doesn't say that. She says five one-syllable words, "There's no place like home." You probably learned each of the words in your first year of speaking, each perfectly 3. . It's not that L. Frank Baum didn't have a thesaurus; it's that in most cases 4.
words fail.
Would Aerosmith have had a hit with "Ambulate This Direction?" Probably not.
Would Patrick Henry have 5. a revolution by saying, "Provide me with liberty or bestow upon me fatality?" Unlikely.
When it comes to words, bigger isn't always better. 4. words are 6.
worthless if they're not understood. That's not to say every piece of literature should be written at a fourth-grade reading level, but it is important to know your audience.
Communicating a broad range of messages to a wide variety of audiences can be
challenging. Differences among audiences make it necessary to avoid the one-size fits-all mindset when developing effective communication. However, it is also important to remember that even those with higher 7. skills want information that is understandable, meaningful to them, and easy to use. For example, if you're a novelist, your audience is probably expecting 300 pages of vivid descriptors. At the very least, they're expecting you won't use the same 50 words to fill those pages. But most of us don't have the luxury of a 8. audience. We're competing against a whole world of 9. and we're fighting for space in an attention span that continues to shrink across generations.
So get to the point already. Variety may be the spice of life, but 10. is its bread and butter. So when it comes to 4. words, save your money and buy a Scrabble board.
(A) ignite (B) distractions (C) saturate (D) ten-dollar (E) domicile (F) literacy (G) punchy (H) epochal (I) implore (J) concise (K) retentive (L) captive (M) brevity (N) verbosity (O) render
II. Reading Comprehension：Read the passage below and then answer the questions that follow. (10%)
In 1896 a Georgia couple suing for damages in the accidental death of their two year old was told that since the child had made no real economic contribution to the family, there was no liability for damages. In contrast, less than a century later, in 1979, the parents of a three year old sued in New York for accidental-death damages and won an award of $
750,000.
The transformation in social values implicit in juxtaposing these two incidents is the subject of Viviana Zelizer’s excellent book, Pricing the Priceless Child. During the
nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the “useful” child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present- day notion of the “useless” child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to, its parents, is yet
considered emotionally “priceless”. Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid- 1800’s, this new view of childhood spread through-out society in the late nine- teenth and early twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child-labor regulations and compulsory education laws predicated in part on the assumption that a child’s emotional value made child labor taboo.
For Zelizer the origins of this transformation were many and complex. The gradual erosion of children’s productive value in a maturing industrial economy, the decline in birth and death rates, especially in child mortality, and the development of the companionate family ( a family in which members were united by explicit bonds of love rather than duty) were all factors critical in changing the assessment of children’s worth. Yet “expulsion of children from the “cash nexus,…although clearly shaped by profound changes in the economic, occupational, and family structures,” Zelizer maintains, “was also part of a cultural process of ‘sacralization’ of children’s lives.” Protecting children from the crass business world became enormously important for late-nineteenth-century middle-class Americans, she suggests; this sacralization was a way of resisting what they perceived as the relentless corruption of human values by the marketplace.
In stressing the cultural determinants of a child’s worth, Zelizer takes issue with practitioners of the new “sociological economics”, who have analyzed such traditionally sociological topics as crime, marriage, education, and health solely in terms of their economic determinants. Allowing only a small role for cultural forces in the form of individual “preferences” these sociologists tend to view all human behavior as directed primarily by the principle of maximizing economic gain. Zelizer is highly critical of this approach, and emphasizes instead the opposite phenomenon: the power of social values to transform price. As children became more valuable in emotional terms, she argues, their
“exchange” or “surrender” value on the market, that is, the conversion of their intangible worth into cash terms, became much greater.
1. It can be inferred from the passage that in the early 1800’s children were generally
regarded by their families as individuals who _________________.
(A)needed enormous amounts of security and affection (B)required constant supervision while working
(C)were important to the economic well-being of a family (D)were financial burdens assumed for the good of society
2. Which of the following alternative explanations of the change in the cash value of children would be most likely to be put forward by sociological economists as they are described in the passage?
(A)The value rose during the 19th century because parents began to increase their emotional investment in the upbringing of their children.
(B)The value rose during the 19th century because their expected earnings over the course of a lifetime increased greatly.
(C)The value rose during the 19th century because the spread of humanitarian ideals resulted in a wholesale reappraisal of the worth of an individual.
(D)The value rose during the 19th century because of changes in the way negligence law assessed damages in accidental-death cases.
3. The primary purpose of the passage is to _____________________.
(A)present the central thesis of a recent book
(B)contrast two approaches to analyzing historical change (C)refute a traditional explanation of a social phenomenon (D)encourage further work on a neglected historical topic
4. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following statements was true of American families over the course of the 19th century?
(A)The average size of families grew considerably.
(B)The percentage of families involved in industrial work declined dramatically.
(C)Family members became more emotionally bonded to one another.
(D)Family members became more economically dependent on each other.
5. Zelizer refers to all of the following as important influences in changing the assessment of children’s worth EXCEPT changes in __________________.
(A)the mortality rate (B)the nature of industry
(C)attitudes toward the marketplace (D)attitudes toward reform movements
III. Use the following words to make five sentences for a vocabulary
multiple choice test. There should be four corresponding options in each question (one correct answer and three incorrect ones). Please underline the correct answers to your questions. (10%)
1. doctor (v.) 2. outrageously 3. campaign 4. discreet 5. revenge (v.)
IV. Summarize the following passage (about 150 words) and then draw up a reading comprehension test with 5 questions according to the passage below. There should be four corresponding options in each question (one correct answer and three incorrect ones). Please also underline the correct answer to your questions. (20%)
In 2005, May-britt Moser, her husband, Edvard I. Moser, and their colleagues reported the discovery of cells in rats’ brains that function as a kind of built-in navigation system that is at the very heart of how animals know where they are, where they are going and where they have been.
They called them grid cells. The implications of the discovery are both practical and profound. The cells have been proved to exist in primates, and scientists think they will be found in all mammals, including humans.
The area in the brain that contains the grid cell navigation system is often damaged early in Alzheimer’s disease, and one of the frequent early symptoms of Alzheimer’s patients is that they get lost.
The Mosers do not work on humans, but any clues to understanding how memory and cognitive ability are lost are important.
On the most profound level, Dr. O’Keefe of University College London, who in the 1970s identified the so-called place cells in the brain that register specific places, the Mosers and other scientists speculate that the way the brain records and remembers movement in space may be the basis of all memory.
The Mosers wanted to find how information was flowing to the place cells, whether it was going from one area of the hippocampus to another. But even after they inactivated sections of this brain area, the place cells still functioned. So it seemed that information was flowing in from the nearby brain area, the entorhinal cortex.
“We didn’t immediately find the grid cells,” Dr. Edvard Moser said. At first they noticed cells that would emit a signal every time a rat went to a particular spot, and they thought that perhaps this was something like the place cells in the hippocampus that are tied to lacations in the outside world.
Gradually they learned that what they were seeing was a cell that tracked the rat’s movement in the same way, no matter where the rat was. The cell was not responding to some external mark. It was keeping track of how the rat moved. And when they gave the rats enough room, a very regular pattern emerged.
It is now clear that the grid cells in combination with cells that sense head direction and others that sense boundaries--- both originally identified in other parts of the brain by other labs--- form a kind of dead-reckoning navigation system in the brain that maps movement.
Information flows from this part of the brain to the hippocampus, and then back.
Exactly how the grid informs the place cells, and vice versa, is not known.
What scientists have now are two ends of a system with a black box in the middle that is not fully understood. At one end are place cells. At the other are grid cells.
As to what exactly happens in between, and how the grid cells form in the first place, Dr.
Edvard Moser said, “That’s still a 10-, a 20-year research problem.”
V. Paraphrase the following passage and then design a cloze test of 5 blanks with four options for each (one correct answer and three incorrect ones).
Please also underline the correct answers to your questions. (20%) The thought of eating beetles, caterpillars and ants may give you the creeps, but the authors of the study by the Forestry Department, part of the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) report published on Monday said that insects contained the same
amount of protein and minerals as meat and more healthy fats doctors recommend in balanced diets and that the health benefits of consuming nutritious insects could help fight obesity.
More than 1,900 species of insects are eaten around the world, mainly in Africa and Asia, but people in the West generally turn their noses up at the likes of grasshoppers, termites and other crunchy fare.
“In the West we have a cultural bias, and think that because insects come from
developing countries, they cannot be good,” said scientist Arnold van Huis from Wageningen University in the Netherlands, one of the authors of the report.
As well as helping in the costly battle against obesity, which the World Health
Organization estimates has nearly doubled since 1980 and affects around 500 million people, the report said insect farming was likely to be less land-dependent than traditional livestock and produce fewer greenhouse gases.
It would also provide business and export opportunities for poor people in developing countries, especially women, who are often responsible for collecting insects in rural
communities.
Van Huis said barriers to enjoying dishes such as bee larvae yoghurt were psychological—in a blind test carried out by his team, nine out of 10 people preferred
meatballs made from roughly half meat and half mealworms to those made from meat.
VI. Translate the following passages into English. (10%)
1. 兩枚炸彈在波士頓馬拉松賽(Boston Marathon)的終點附近暴炸， 震碎了窗戶而且將選 手震倒在地上。兩枚炸彈的暴炸時間大約相隔 10 秒鐘， 在首批選手抵達終點線之後隨 即爆炸。這場爆炸釀成 3 人死亡， 100 多人受傷。 放置炸彈 2 名嫌犯其中一人死亡，
而另一嫌犯已遭到警方逮捕 。(5%)
2. 一個時髦的選秀節目”我是歌手(I Am a Singer)”榮登中國大陸和台灣電視收視率冠軍。
它吸引了來自中國大陸、台灣和香港的專業歌手參加比賽。儘管台灣歌手表現出色，
但它引起了許多人對於中國對台灣的文化影響力以及台灣娛樂事業的未來憂心。文化 部長龍應台 (Lung Ying-tai)表示台灣娛樂產業正面臨著挑戰，我們需要珍惜我們的創 意。(5%)
VII. Essay Writing: (20%)
1. Many students have a problem in filling out the blanks on the “Vocabulary” test. They do memorize the new words well, and they have no mistakes in spelling, but they write different words from the correct answers. As a teacher, what do you think is wrong with the
students and how will you help him solve the problem? (Your essay should be less than 300 words.) (10%)
2. (1) Please revise the following composition. Copy the wrong sentences and correct them on the answer sheet. (2) Give comments to the student. (Your essay should be less than 150 words.) (3) How will you teach or what will you do to help the student improve her
composition? (Your essay should be less than 150 words.) (10%)
作文題目: 你是否曾遇過什麼讓你感到進退兩難的事情？請以“In a Dilemma”為題，寫一篇
英文作文，第一段描述這件令你進退兩難的事，第二段說明你最後如何解決，以及從
這件事獲得的心得或感想。文長至少120 個單詞(words)。
In a Dilemma
We all know what thing is good and what is bad, we also know how should we do in different situation, but sometimes we may be in a dilemma, like a doctor makes a wrong diagnose and everything will change. One day I went to train station, when I walked through an old man, I saw he stood up then walked away with many bags on his hands.
After I sit on the seat, in my surprise, there was a small bad on the floor. Although I took it to find that old man, I can’t find him anywhere. At the same time, I found out there are three thousands dollars in the bag! In that moment, there are two different sound be in my mind—Did I still found that old man or took the money away? It was the first time I was in a dilemma.
I took those money home that day, at the first I told myself the money won’t be found, there were no people saw the bag, so I could use those money and nobody would know. At that night, I had a bad dream. I dreamed that old man angry at me and his face was as write as a ghost. I was so afraid and ran away as fast as I could. That day after that night, I took that bad to police office. Actually, I know took other’s money was wrong. I just tried to lie to myself that’s okay. I hoped I could do the right choice when I came in same situation because the most important thing was we couldn’t hurt other people.
國立鳳山高中 102 年教師甄試英文科答案
I. 1. G E J D A 6. O F L B M (10%) II. 1. C B A C D (10%)
VI. 答案僅供參考. 每題 5 分, 一個區段一分.
1. The bombs exploded near the finish line of the Boston Marathon, shattering windows and knocking runners to the ground. The bombs went off around ten seconds apart from each other, shortly after the first runners reached the finish line. The explosion (=blast) left three people dead and over a hundred injured. One of the two suspects who were responsible for the bomb explosion is dead while the other has been captured by the police.
2. A stylish talent show “I Am a Singer” earned top TV ratings in China and Taiwan. It attracted professional singers from China, Taiwan and Hong Kong to take part in the
competition. Despite the fact that Taiwanese singers performed excellently/excelled in the performance, it raised concerns about China’s cultural influence in Taiwan and the future of Taiwan’s entertainment industry. Culture Minister Lung Ying-tai said that Taiwan’s
entertainment industry is facing challenges and that we need to cherish our creativity.
