不可不知的日韩文化（高级篇）

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Chapter 1 古韵馨香：行走在传统文化的长河

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不可不知的日韩文化（高级篇）

01 The "Way" in Japan

日本之“道”

日本有不少叫做“某道”的传统文化。日本人将这些“道”里最重要的挑出来，合称“日本八道”，包括茶道、艺道、花道、书道、剑道、棋道、柔道和空手道。

日本所谓的“道”文化认为，做事情的过程与结果一样重要，而非西方人看中的是结果。

比如，日本的茶道艺术中，与茶水的整个泡制方法、上茶方式以及饮用方法相比，小小的一杯茶便显得微不足道了。这种“道”的思维方式甚至已经渗透到日本人的日常工作当中，比如说，日本员工做起工作来按部就班、十分细致，即便有捷径可循也不会采用。

The Japanese concept of geido ( 艺道 ) says that the way you do something is just as important as the result you achieve. It's key to understanding how Japanese people think. As Ralph Waldo Emerson, an American poet, said, life is a journey, not a destination. For Japanese, what mat- ters to human is right on "the way".

Have you ever noticed how many Japanese martial arts are translated as "the way ..."? For example: kendo (剑道 )–way of the sword, aikido ( 合气道 )–way of life energy, judo ( 柔道 )–gentle way. "The way" is also a com- mon term in Japanese traditional arts: sado ( 茶道 ) –the way of tea (tea ceremony), kado (花道 ) –the way of flowers (ikebana flower arrangement), shodo (书道 )–way of the brush (Japanese calligraphy).

Western arts are usually defined by their end result. For example, an impressionist painting has a particular style–

it doesn't matter how the artist went about painting it. But in Japanese arts, the opposite is sometimes the case–the way the art was created is very important. This is called geido (the way of art).

Tea ceremony is often considered the best example of geido. The end result: a cup of tea is trivial compared with the process of making, serving and consuming the tea. The

◆Ralph Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱默生，美国著名的思想家，诗人；他是确立美国文化精神的代表人物，被美国前总统林肯称为“美国的孔子”、“美国文明之父”。

◆matter [5mQt]

vi. 要紧，重要

This does not matter, for, as he often remarked, one is never too old to learn.

这不要紧，因为，正如他一向所说的那样，一个人要活到老学到老。

◆impressionist [Im5preSnIst]

adj. 印象派的，印象主义的 Does the writer belong to the Impres- sionist school? 这位作家是否属于印象派？

◆trivial [5trIvIl]

adj. 不重要的，微不足道的 A trivial issue was brought to their at- tention. 一个不重要的问题引起了他们的注意。

◆defeat [dI5fit]

vt. 击败，挫败，战胜

They were defeated in the battle. 在这场战斗中他们被打败了。

◆short cut

（做某事的）快捷办法，捷径；近路 I tried to take a short cut and got lost.

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Chapter 1 古韵馨香：行走在传统文化的长河 process is the art.

Also Japanese martial arts aren't about the result: de- feating your enemy. They're about the path that gets you there. To put it another way, the Japanese martial artist sees no value in a short cut–even when the end result is the same.

Many Japanese people aren't familiar with the term geido. Nevertheless, geido can be seen in the way that Japa- nese people think. For example, many Japanese workers see no point in short cuts. They believe that the process of work is just as important as the result.

Take the train in Japan and you'll notice that the workers never take short cuts. They have a detailed process for everything they do.

Train attendants push a cart through the shinkansen selling snacks and beer. Whenever they enter or exit a car they bow facing the passengers. Train conductors do the same. Let's say the train was almost empty and everyone was sleeping. Train staff will still bow–even though nobody would notice if they didn't.

Train employees have many processes that involve

pointing (with a finger). A platform master will point at train doors to ensure they're closed. This seemingly repetitive action is known to help reduce human error. A platform master could easily skip this step if she's sure the doors are closed but she never does.

Westerners working for Japanese companies may complain that Japanese workers "like to make things difficult". Japanese coworkers may refuse to take shortcuts that "seem obvious" to their Western counterparts. Japanese workers typically like to follow a process. They are open to improving processes but aren't keen to find quick wins.

02 Japanese Tea Ceremony: An Art Back to Nature

日本茶道：回归自然的艺术

日本茶道是在日本一种仪式化的、为客人奉茶之事，原称为“茶汤”。日本茶道和其他东亚茶仪式一样，都是一种以品茶为主而发展出来的特殊文化，但内容和形式则有别。现代我本来想抄近路，结果却迷路了。

◆detailed [5diteIld]

adj. 详细的，精细的；复杂的 He gave a detailed account of what happened on the fateful night. 他详细描述了那个灾难性夜晚所发生的事。

◆attendant [5tendnt]

n. 服务人员，侍者

◆conductor [kn5dkt]

n. 列车员，（公共汽车）售票员

◆point at 指向

Take the pointer, point at different things and what they are. 拿着教鞭，

指不同的东西，说出他们的名称。

◆skip [skIp]

vt. 略过，跳过

Let's skip over these details and come to the main point. 让我们略过这些枝节来谈主要问题吧。

◆refuse [rI5fjuz]

vi. 拒绝

refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事

People who refuse to pay tax can be put in prison. 拒绝纳税的人会被送进监狱。

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的茶道，由主人准备茶与点心，还有水果招待客人，而主人与客人都按照固定的规矩与步骤行事。除了饮食之外，茶道的精神还延伸到茶室内外的布置；品鉴茶室的书画布置、庭园的园艺及饮茶的陶器都是茶道的重点。

日本的茶道，是一种艺术消遣，更是一种精神自律。在品茶过程中，也会在平静的氛围中欣赏中国传统绘画和其他艺术。花道、陶瓷、书画和禅道等各种元素和谐地融合在严格的仪式和主客之间的轻松交流中。

The Japanese tea ceremony is an artistic pastime unique to Japan that features the serving and drinking of Matcha, a powdered Japanese green tea. Though Japanese green-tea had been introduced to Japan from China around the 8th century, Matcha powdered green-tea did not reach Japan until the end of the 12th century. The practice of holding social gatherings to drink Matcha spread among the upper class from about the 14th century. Gradually, one of the main pur- poses of these gatherings, which took place in a Shoin (study room), became the appreciation of Chinese paintings and crafts in a serene atmosphere.

Having witnessed or taken part in the Japanese Tea Ceremony only once, one will come to understand that in Japan, serving tea is an art and a spiritual discipline. As an art, the Tea Ceremony is an occasion to appreciate the simplicity of the tea room's design, the feel of the Chawan in the hand, the company of friends, and simply a moment of purity.

As a discipline, aesthetic contemplation of flower arranging, ceramics, calligraphy, and the roots of the Tea Ceremony which go all the way back to the twelfth century is required. The ritual preparation requires the person hosting a tea party to know how to cook a special meal (Kaiseki), how to arrange the flowers which will be placed in the alcove (Tokonoma).

When choosing utensils and other vessels, the host (Teishu) has to consider the rank and type to make

◆powdered [5padd]

adj. 粉状的

This looks like the powdered sugar we found in the cab. 这看上去像我们在车上找到的糖粉。

◆practice [5prQktIs]

n. 实践，（通常）做法

Practice is the only way to learn a language well. 学好一门语言的惟一途径就是实践。

◆serene [sI5rin]

adj. 平静的，安详的

She has a lovely serene face. 她有一张可爱而安详的脸。

◆occasion [5keIZn]

n. 机会，时机；场合

It is always an important occasion for setting out government policy. 这历来都是阐明政府政策的重要时机。

◆purity [5pjrItI]

n. 纯洁，纯净

White is the symbol of purity. 白是纯洁的象征。

◆contemplation [7kntem5pleISn]

n. 意图，沉思

He was lost in the contemplation of the landscape. 他对着眼前的景色沉思起来。

◆calligraphy [k5lIgrfI]

n. 书法

◆all the way 一直，完全地

We got there by driving slow all the way. 我们开着车去了那里，一路上开得很慢。

◆alcove [5Qlkv]

n. 凹室，壁龛

◆utensil [j()5tensl]

n. 器具，器皿

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Chapter 1 古韵馨香：行走在传统文化的长河 sure that they will stand out.

The objective of the Japanese tea ceremony is to create a relaxed communication between the host and his guests. It is based in part on the etiquette of serving tea (Temae), but is also includes the intimate connections with architecture, landscape gardening, unique tea utensils, paintings, flower arrangement, ceramics, calligraphy, Zen Buddhism, and all the other elements that coexist in harmonious relationship with the ceremony. Its ultimate aim is the attainment of deep spiritual satisfaction through the drinking of tea and through silent contemplation. On a different level, the Japanese tea ceremony is simply an entertainment where the guests are invited to drink tea in a pleasant and relaxing room. The bonds of friendship between the host and guests are strengthened during the ceremony when the host himself makes and serves the tea.

03 Ikebana: Japanese Art of Flower Arrangement

花道：日本的插花艺术

花道又称日式插花，是日本传统的插花艺术。日式插花以花材用量少，选材简洁为主流，

它或以花的盛开、含苞、待放代表事物过去、现在、将来。日本人强调花与枝叶的自然循环生态美姿是宇宙永恒的缩影。若常以宽宏意境和深邃内涵从事插花艺术的表达，自然能直接体会到园艺家对植物本性认识以至尊重的境界。

日本的插花艺术，并不仅限于女性，男性也可以学习。事实上，在过去，即便最厉害的武士也可以通过插花来消遣时光。如今，插花不仅是艺术，也是男女都可从事的一份职业。

其实，严格来讲，插花并不等同于花道，花道更多的讲究对于空间的非对称性应用，使各种材料在空间中表现出相互的和谐之美。

Ikebana is the Japanese art of flower arrangement. It is more than simply putting flowers in a container. It is a disciplined art form in which the arrangement is a living thing where nature and humanity are brought together. It is steeped in the philosophy of developing closeness with na-

stand out 引人注目，显眼；突出 Red flags stand out brightly, set against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的映衬下显得分外鲜艳。

◆objective [b5dZektIv]

n. 目标，目的

Our objective is a free, open and pluralistic society. 我们的目标是建立一个自由、开放和多元化的社会。

◆in part 在某种程度上，部分地

She was pleased in part that the streets were bright and clean. 街道明亮干净，这使她有几分欣喜。

◆coexist [kIg5zIst]

vi. 共存，同时存在

At present, the opportunity and difﬁculty coexist in the development of hydropower. 当前发展水电的机遇与困难并存。

◆bond [bnd]

n.（情感的）纽带，契合，亲密关系 A bond of friendship had been forged between them. 他们之间形成了一种友谊的纽带。

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ture.

As is true of all other arts, ikebana is creative expres- sion within certain rules of construction. Its materials are living branches, leaves, grasses, and blossoms. Its heart is the beauty resulting from color combinations, natural shapes, graceful lines, and the meaning latent in the total form of the arrangement. Ikebana is, therefore, much more than mere floral decoration.

The remarkably high development of floral art in Japan can be attributed to the Japanese love of nature. People in all countries appreciate natural beauty, but in Japan, the appreciation amounts almost to a religion. The Japanese have always felt a strong bond of intimacy with their natural surroundings, and even in contemporary concrete-and- asphalt urban complexes, they display a remarkably strong desire to have a bit of nature near them. Foreign visitors to Tokyo are often surprised to notice that their taxi driver has hung a little vase with a flower or two at the edge of the windshield. The Japanese house that does not at all times contain some sort of floral arrangement is rare indeed.

Nature is always changing. Plants grow and put forth leaves, flowers bloom, and berries are borne regularly and repeatedly throughout the seasons. Nature has its own rhythm and order. The awareness of this is the first step in involving oneself in ikebana.

In principle, ikebana aims not at bringing a finite piece of nature into the house, but rather at suggesting the whole of nature, by creating a link between the indoors and the out- doors. This is why arrangers are likely to use several different types of plants in a single arrangement, and to give promi- nence to leaves and flowerless branches as well as blossoms.

Even when a single type of flower is used, an attempt is made to bring out its full implications as a symbol of nature.

People may doubt whether men are its practitioners.

The answer is that both men and women study this art form.

◆steeped [stipd]

adj. 充满……的，沉浸在……中的 He said they were unrealistic and steeped in the past. 他说他们脱离现实，总是沉浸在过去。

◆result from

产生于……，由……引起

Many hair problems result from what you eat. 很多头发问题都是由饮食引起的。

◆latent [5leItnt]

adj. 潜在的；潜伏的

◆floral [5flrl]

adj. 花的，以花装饰的

◆attribute [5trIbj()t]

vt. 把……归于

Archaeologists attribute the ruin to a flourishing prehistoric kingdom. 考古学家认为这些废墟属于一个繁荣的史前王国。

◆intimacy [5IntImsI]

n. 亲密，亲近

An intimacy grew up between us. 我们之间的关系亲密起来了。

◆concrete-and-asphalt adj. 混凝土和沥青下的

◆windshield [5wIndSild]

n. 挡风玻璃

◆bloom [blum]

vi. 开花

◆awareness [5wenIs]

n. 察觉，觉悟，意识

There is a general awareness that smok- ing is harmful. 人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。

◆finite [5faInaIt]

adj. 有限的

The physical universe is ﬁnite in space and time. 物质世界在时间和空间上是有限的。

◆give prominence to 突出，重视 Always give prominence to training students' interest. 要始终突出对学生英语兴趣的培养。

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Chapter 1 古韵馨香：行走在传统文化的长河 Indeed, in the past, ikebana was considered an appropriate

pastime for even the toughest samurai. Currently, the leading flower arrangers are, for the most part, men. Ikebana is not only an art, but an occupation for men and women alike.

Many practitioners of ikebana feel that the spiritual aspect of ikebana is very important. One becomes quiet when one practices ikebana. It helps you to live "in the moment" and to appreciate things in nature that previously had seemed insignificant. One becomes more patient and tolerant of differences, not only in nature, but more generally in other people. Ikebana can inspire you to identify with beauty in all art forms–painting, music, etc., and to always ex- pect the best in yourself.

Besides, what distinguishes ikebana from other ap- proaches such as "flower arrangement" is its asymmetrical form and the use of empty space as an essential feature of the composition. A sense of harmony among the materials,

the container, and the setting is also crucial. These are characteristics of aesthetics that ikebana shares with traditional Japanese paintings, gardens, architecture, and design.

04 Sumo: Wrestling in Tokyo

相扑：日式国技

相扑来源于日本神道的宗教仪式，被誉为日本的“国技”，在日本有着极高的地位。比赛时，

两位相扑手束发梳髻，下身系一条兜带，近乎赤身裸体上台比赛。相扑比赛场中间是直径为4.55

米的圆圈，只要让对方除了脚以外的其他部位接触到地面，或者将对方推出圆圈就算获胜。

相扑手为了占据体重优势特意使自己变胖，且异乎寻常的胸围和腰围也会使对方难抓难扯。但是，相扑手因此而引发的糖尿病和痛风等病魔威胁着他们的健康。不过欣慰的是，他们都能娶一位颇具姿色的新娘，日本有很多影视界的美女都把他们当做梦寐以求的郎君人选。

在日本，绝大部分相扑选手都集中在东京地区，游客们可以在东京观看相扑比赛，甚至到他们的训练场所游览一番。

As Japan's national sport, sumo wrestling is a major part of the country's culture. The vast majority of Japan's sumo wrestlers live in Tokyo's Ryogoku district, which has served as the sport's hub for the past two centuries. With its heavyweight athletes, traditional mawashi, stiff

implication [7ImplI5keISn]

n. 含意，言外之意

◆appropriate [5prprIIt]

adj. 适当的，恰当的

◆insignificant [7InsIg5nIfIknt]

adj. 不重要的，毫无意义的；微小的 The levels of chemicals in the river are not insigniﬁcant. 河水中的化学物质含量不容忽视。

◆identify with 识别，认同

◆asymmetrical [QsI5metrIkl]

adj. 不均匀的，不对称的

Most people's faces are asymmetrical.

多数人的脸并不对称。

◆crucial [5kruSIl]

adj. 至关重要的，关键性的 Talent, hard work and sheer tenacity are all crucial to career success. 才能、勤奋和顽强的意志对事业成功都至关重要。

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belt uniforms, and long history, the sport remains a fascinating experience for spectators.

Sumo dates back to ancient times and still involves hints of the religious Shinto rituals it originally involved. Before a tournament begins, the ring is sprinkled with salt and the wrestlers stomp their feet in order to purify the ring and rid it of any evil. Once that's done, the two male com- petitors face off in an attempt to knock the other over. The first wrestler to leave the ring or touch the ground with any body part other than their feet loses.

Seeing a sumo match is a quintessential Japanese experience, because while other countries have adopted the sport, Japan is the only one whose athletes compete professionally. Six 15-day tournaments are held throughout the year, and visitors can head to the Kokugikan (Sumo Amphi- theater) to see a Dohyo-iri (entering the ring) ceremony and catch the action of a live match. The Sumo Museum is also a prime spot to see sumo- related artifacts, some dating as far back as 1600.

You can also experience sumo culture by vis- iting the training stables in Tokyo. Very few tourists have the chance to visit a sumo stable and experience the day-to-day life of a wrestler, as the pri- mary (and often only) way to get inside is by tour.

Small-group tours take visitors around a training site to see where athletes live year-round, taste the traditional and hearty food of sumo wrestlers and maybe even catch one of them preparing for battle.

◆wrestler [5res()l(r)] n. 摔跤选手

The wrestler tripped up his opponent. 那个摔跤运动员把对手绊倒在地。

◆hub [hb] n.（活动的）中心，核心

Egypt was the most populous Arab country, the cul- tural hub of the area. 埃及是人口最多的阿拉伯国家，是该地区的文化中心。

◆athlete [5Qlit] n. 运动员

The boy ﬁrst showed promise as an athlete in grade school. 这个男孩在上小学的时候就初次显示出成为运动员的潜力。

◆mawashi n.（日本相扑选手的）兜裆布

◆spectator [spek5teIt] n. 观众

Many spectators watched the baseball game. 许多观众都观看了棒球比赛。

◆hint [hInt] n. 迹象，线索

The calm sea gave no hint of the storm that was coming. 平静的海上没有一点迹象显示暴风雨即将来临。

◆Shinto [5SInt]

n.（日本）神道教，1945 年前为日本国教。

◆ring [rIN] n. 相扑场地

◆sprinkle [5sprINkl] vt. 洒，撒

Sprinkle a little salt on the rice. 在米饭上撒点盐。

◆stomp [stmp] vt. 跺脚，重踩

◆knock sb. over 把某人摔倒，击败某人

◆tournament [5tnmnt] n. 锦标赛，联赛 The tournament is open to both amateurs and profes- sionals. 这次锦标赛业余选手和职业选手均可参加。

◆live [lIv] adj. 现场直播的，生动的

◆artifact [5tIfQkt]

n. 人工制品，手工艺品

The farmer unearthed a valuable artifact while plow- ing his ﬁeld. 那个农夫在犁田时挖到了一个很值钱的手工艺品。

◆hearty [5htI] adj. 丰盛的

He prepared a hearty dinner for us. 他为我们准备了一顿丰盛的晚餐。

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Chapter 1 古韵馨香：行走在传统文化的长河

05 The Legend of Sword Makers in Old Japan

走近日本铸剑师

在古代日本，好的剑是价值连城；而且跟今天的房地产一样，所有的剑都要登记在册，

政府会详细记录每把剑的设计和制造过程和来源。

那时候，铸剑是一门兼具科学和哲理的技艺，并不断出现在文学、传说和歌曲之中，顶级的铸剑师绝对是社会名流。其中，最为著名的是十四世纪的两位铸剑大师——Masamune

和Muramasa。首先，两人的剑质量之高令人匪夷所思。据说，Masamune 的铸剑能够利断铜

管而完好无损，Muramasa 的铸剑直令幕府将军震慑。而今天的铸剑业已是另一番景象。

In old Japan, swords were precious possessions that could cost as much as a farm. Much like real estate today, swords were registered. Government sword reg- istries detailed the maker, history and design of virtually every sword in Japan.

Swordsmanship was both a science and a philoso- phy. Swords were commonly featured in songs, stories and myth. Top sword makers were essentially celebrities.

The most famous sword craftsman of them all was Masamune (14th century). His swords cost a small for- tune. They were renowned for their quality and feared for their effectiveness. Rumors surrounded his entire life.

Masamune's swords were reputed to cut through copper pipes without messing the sword's polish.

According to one myth, a samurai once cut a man in half with a Masamune sword. At first the man seemed un- affected. No blood was drawn. The cut was so fine that the man walked around for a few hours before falling in two.

People became suspicious of the quality of Masamune swords. They seemed to defy the physics of the metal from which they were forged. Rumors emerged that fresh blood was a key ingredient of Masamune blades. Other whispers suggested that bodies were regularly found in

◆possession [p5zeSn]

n. 财产，所有物

He described the picture as his most cher- ished possession. 他说那幅画是他最珍爱的财产。

◆register [5redZIst] vt. 登记

They were unwilling to register for the draft. 他们不愿意登记入伍。

◆swordsmanship [5sdzmnSIp]

n. 剑术，剑法

◆fortune [5ftSn]

n. 财富，财产

make a fortune 赚大钱；发财

We must make a fortune by means of in- dustry. 我们必须勤劳致富。

◆rumor [5rum] n. 传闻，谣言 Rumor has it that he is having an affair with his secretary. 谣传他和他的秘书有暧昧关系。

◆copper [5kp] adj. 铜制的

◆polish [5plIS] n. 光泽

◆suspicious [ss5pISs]

adj. 猜疑的，怀疑的

be suspicious of/about... 对……表示怀疑 I'm very suspicious about his motives. 我很怀疑他的动机。

◆defy [dI5faI]

vt. 违背，不服从；公然反抗，向……挑战 I wouldn't have dared to defy my teachers.

我可不敢不听老师的话。

(10)

10

the vicinity of Masamune's workshop.

Muramasa Sengo was another 14th century sword craftsman who was much feared by his contemporaries.

By all accounts he was completely mad and prone to violent outbursts. It was said that his madness passed into his swords. According to legend, whoever possessed a Muramasa sword became crazy and dangerous.

Muramasa swords were also known for their as- tounding quality. Muramasa passed his craft to an ap- prentice. The school of Muramasa sword making contin- ued for over 200 years. In 1603, the Shogun (Tokugawa Ieyasu) banned Muramasa swords. He instructed that they all be melted down. The Shogun had lost several of this relatives to Muramasa swords. He himself was cut by a Muramasa blade but survived the ordeal.

Today, Muramasa are difficult to identify because many had their markings changed to avoid the ban. Au- thentic Muramasa swords are now considered priceless.

Many forgeries have surfaced over the centuries.

06 Pansori: Traditional Art of Korea

潘索里：韩国说唱艺术

潘索里是朝鲜传统的叙事性说唱艺术。发源于朝鲜半

岛西南部的全州，大概在17 世纪末肃宗王朝时期在百姓

间广为流传。

在正主、顺主时期（大约18 世纪末 19 世纪初），潘

索里在民间出现了8 位名家，各家唱法不一，于是根据名

家所居住的地域划分门派。东西便制的区分就以其发祥地的地形为主，譬如山岳对平原等等，西便制是潘索里的一个流派，盛行于朝鲜半岛全罗道的西部，故称为“西便制”，

东便制是指东部的唱法。东便制潘索里节奏快也有力，声音雄厚高亢，而西便制则以缓慢的唱法与悲悯的情绪再加

上唱腔的多变而著称。在19 世纪末潘索里逐渐衰落，直

到二战后才又得以复兴。由于潘索里艺术深植于民间，所

◆blade [bleId] n. 剑，刀片

◆whisper [5(h)wIsp]

n. 私下谈论，谣传

I've heard a whisper that he's going to re- sign. 我听到了一个传闻说他准备辞职。

◆vicinity [vI5sInItI]

n. 附近，附近地区

He told us there was no hotel in the vicinity.

他告诉我们说附近没有旅馆。

◆prone to 倾向于，易于……的 Working without a break makes you more prone to error. 连续工作不停歇使人更容易出错。

◆apprentice [5prentIs]

n. 学徒，徒弟；新手

My son is an apprentice in a furniture maker's workshop. 我的儿子在一家家具厂做学徒。

◆ordeal [5dil] n. 磨难，折磨 He spoke frankly about the ordeal. 他直率地讲出了苦难的经历。

◆forgery [5fdZrI] n. 伪造，伪造物 The painting was a forgery. 这张画是赝品。

◆in the interest of 为了，为了……的利益

Boards need to be overseers of management and act in the interest of shareholders rather than as partners of management. 董事会需要为股东利益服务，成为管理层的监管者，而不是他们的同盟军。

◆take place 发生，举行 Elections take place every four years.

选举四年举行一次。

◆schedule [5Sedjul]

vt. 排定，安排

The speaker is scheduled to make a speech tomorrow. 演讲者定于明天发