十九世紀末西方醫療體系傳入臺灣遭遇之抵抗與衝突─ 從馬雅各教
案事件談起
The Resistance and Conflicts Encountered When Western Medical Treatment Was Being Introduced into Taiwan in the Late 19th Century - Referring to Religious Cases of Dr.
James L. Maxwell
中文摘要
本論文從一八六五年馬雅各醫師來台行醫所發生的醫療衝突事件談起，藉著這個事件來觀察西方 醫學在十九世紀末傳入時對台灣社會產生的影響，並進一步探討衝突背後這兩種不同文化差異所 產生的交集與對話。
傳統的漢醫治療自明清以來一直是台灣醫療的主軸，在當時保守的社會環境下，西方醫學挾帶著 不同目的進入台灣，與台灣傳統之醫療產生許多衝突自然是難以避免。當時這些歐洲代表傳教士 身份的醫療人員所帶著的思考模式和醫療心態進入台灣社會，我們是承襲什麼樣的文化特質來面 對外來的醫療文化進入？馬雅各醫師的醫療衝突案件雖然是個案，但卻生動地反映出了台灣社會 與西方醫療早期接觸時，思想與文化本質上最直接的衝突。
本研究藉由文獻探討及交叉比對的方法，分析當時的台灣社會及醫療狀況。再分別由政治經濟 觀、社會文化觀、宗教信仰觀與醫療觀，四大方向做深入的比較與論述，並加入了醫療底層下的 文化分析，試圖全面性地探討在這個衝突背後所根源西方與台灣之間的文化差異，追溯這兩個文 化之間不同的思考淵源及脈絡，而進一步論述這些不同的醫療體系背後所根源的文化體系。我們 欲探討這樣的歷史經驗，在文化上表達出了什麼的交集與對話？而對於目前的醫療文化則提供什 麼新的反思空間？故藉由這時期醫學在台灣興革與發展過程的研究，發掘出當時台灣許多醫療問 題底層的文化衝突，並試圖由這些歷史經驗，提供現代醫學在思考上的新素材。
英文摘要
This thesis dates back to 1865 when Dr. James Laidlaw came to Taiwan practicing medicine in conflict with the local culture. Which we hereupon delve further on the mixture and dialogue incurred as a result of the two different cultures from the conflicting backgrounds.
Traditional HAN medicine has been the main medical treatment since Ming and Ching Dynasties. Under the conservative social protectionism at that time, the Western Medicine with a different purpose entered Taiwan, inevitably generating many a conflict with the traditional Taiwan medication. Then those medical
personnel representing the European preachers brought in their way of thinking and medical attitude to Taiwan society, what cultural characteristics did we inherit in facing the medical cultural evasion by the foreigners? The conflicts with Dr. Maxwell
thou served only as individual cases, yet dramatically reflecting on the direct contrast in thought and culture in preliminary contact between Taiwan society and the Western medication.
This research analyzes the status of Taiwan society and medical situation at that time by means of exploring the history and intercrossing antithesis, then going deeper to compare and theorize on the four main views in political economy, social culture, religious belief and medicine, plus the cultural analysis behind the medical treatment, in an effort wholly studying the cultural difference between the West and Taiwan, and tracing to the different thinking roots and veins between the two cultures, in order to further theorize on the cultural structures behind such medical structures. What mixture and dialogue does it imply that we desire in exploring such history? And how does it reflect on our current medical culture? Therefore by researching on this medical period between Taiwan revolution and evolution, the cultural conflicts of many medical issues then can be delved into, thus providing new thinking material for our modern medicine.
